An ultra-precision polishing system

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of polishing equipment, and specifically discloses an ultra-precision polishing system, including an external control unit and a center plate, wherein a damping tape feed unit and a polishing variable frequency dither unit are provided on one side of the center plate, a polishing start-up clamping unit is provided on the other side of the center plate, and a grinding fluid pipeline is provided on the top of the center plate; the damping tape feed unit is connected to a tape transport motor; the polishing variable frequency dither unit is connected to a dither motor; the polishing start-up clamping unit is connected to a cylinder; and the control unit is respectively connected to the tape transport motor, the dither motor, and the cylinder. The present invention adjusts the position of the main throwing wheel by the polishing start-up clamping unit to achieve precise tool alignment, completes automatic tape transport during the polishing process by the damping tape feed unit, thereby improving polishing efficiency, and controls the main throwing wheel to move back and forth axially within a set range by the polishing variable frequency dither unit during the polishing process, thereby improving the aesthetics of the polishing lines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of polishing equipment, and in particular relates to an ultra-precision polishing system. Background Art

[0002] The polishing process is a crucial step in the production of many parts, directly affecting the product's surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and ultimate performance. With the continuous advancement of technology, mechanical polishing has gradually replaced traditional manual polishing. For example, when polishing a piston, existing mechanical polishing typically uses a high-speed rotating polishing wheel made of a soft material to grind the piston surface. The polishing wheel is coated with polishing paste. As the polishing wheel rotates, the abrasive particles in the polishing paste rub against the piston surface, achieving the polishing effect. However, polishing with a polishing wheel coated with polishing paste results in relatively low precision. While polishing accuracy can be adjusted by selecting polishing pastes of different particle sizes and controlling factors such as the polishing wheel's rotation speed and pressure, the distribution and movement of the abrasive during the rotation of the polishing wheel are difficult to precisely control, making it prone to localized uneven polishing. This results in uneven texture and poor aesthetics after polishing the workpiece. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an ultra-precision polishing system.

[0004] The present invention provides an ultra-precision polishing system connected to a four-station CNC lathe for polishing workpieces. The system comprises an external control unit and a center plate. A damping belt feeding unit and a polishing frequency conversion dithering unit are provided on one side of the center plate. A polishing starting and clamping unit is provided on the other side of the center plate. A grinding fluid pipeline is provided on the top of the center plate.

[0005] The damping tape feeding unit is connected to a tape feeding motor for driving the damping tape feeding unit to feed the tape;

[0006] The polishing variable frequency shaking unit is connected to a shaking motor for driving the polishing variable frequency shaking unit to move back and forth within a set range;

[0007] The polishing start-up and pressing unit is connected to a cylinder for flexibly adjusting the tool position;

[0008] The control unit is connected to the tape transport motor, the shaking motor and the cylinder respectively, and is used to control the working parameters of the tape transport motor, the shaking motor and the cylinder.

[0009] A further solution is that the damping belt feeding unit includes a pulley quick change assembly, a belt pressure pulley, a recovery assembly and a plurality of guide wheels respectively fixed to one side of the center plate and arranged in a V shape; a main polishing wheel is also provided on one side of the center plate, and the main polishing wheel extends to the outside of the end of the center plate for polishing the workpiece;

[0010] The pulley quick-change assembly is used to install the honing paper cylinder; the honing paper of the honing paper cylinder is sequentially passed from the inner side of the pressure pulley, the outer side of the guide pulley, and the outer side of the main throwing wheel to the recovery assembly and is fixedly connected to the recovery assembly;

[0011] The recycling assembly is connected to the belt-moving motor, and the belt-moving motor drives the recycling assembly to rotate so that the honing paper is wound around the recycling assembly, thereby driving the honing paper roll to move automatically.

[0012] A further solution is that the pulley quick-change assembly includes a driven shaft, a first locating ring is provided on one side of the center plate, and a reduction pressure plate is provided on the other side of the center plate, the first locating ring and the reduction pressure plate are connected by bolts; the driven shaft sequentially passes through the first locating ring, the center plate and the reduction pressure plate and is rotatably connected to the first locating ring, the center plate and the reduction pressure plate respectively;

[0013] A first boss is provided on one side of the driven shaft close to the deceleration pressure plate, the deceleration pressure plate abuts against the first boss to limit the rotational speed of the driven shaft, a compression spring and an adjusting bolt are provided on the outer side of the deceleration pressure plate, the compression spring and the adjusting bolt are respectively sleeved on the driven shaft for adjusting the abutment pressure between the deceleration pressure plate and the first boss;

[0014] The driven shaft is also provided with an expansion sleeve, the honing paper tube is provided on the expansion sleeve, a pressure ring is provided on one side of the expansion sleeve, the pressure ring is a conical structure, and a conical platform is provided on the driven shaft, the expansion sleeve is located between the pressure ring and the conical platform, and a lock buckle is provided on the outside of the pressure ring, one end of the lock buckle passes through the pressure ring and is connected to the driven shaft, and is used to adjust the abutment pressure between the pressure ring and the expansion sleeve, so that the pressure ring squeezes the expansion sleeve and then adjusts the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve to fix the honing paper tube.

[0015] A further solution is that the recovery assembly includes a driving shaft, a second boss is provided in the middle of the driving shaft, a second positioning ring is provided on one side of the center plate, and a connecting pressure ring is provided on the other side of the center plate, the second positioning ring and the connecting pressure ring are connected by bolts, and the driving shaft sequentially passes through the second positioning ring, the center plate and the connecting pressure ring and is rotatably connected to the second positioning ring, the center plate and the connecting pressure ring respectively;

[0016] A take-up pulley is sleeved on the driving shaft, one side of the second boss abuts against the take-up pulley, and the other side of the second boss abuts against the second positioning ring. A limiting ring is provided on the side of the take-up pulley away from the boss, and the limiting ring is connected to the driving shaft through a fastening bolt.

[0017] A driven wheel and a driving wheel are provided on one side of the center plate close to the connecting pressure ring. The tape-walking motor is fixedly connected to the center plate through a motor base, and the output end of the tape-walking motor is connected to the driving wheel. The driving wheel and the driven wheel are connected by a belt transmission. A support wheel is also provided between the driving wheel and the driven wheel for adjusting the tightness of the belt to ensure power transmission efficiency. The driven wheel is connected to the driving shaft for driving the driving shaft to rotate. An arc-shaped slot is provided on the take-up pulley for clamping honing paper. The rotation direction of the arc-shaped slot is opposite to the rotation direction of the take-up pulley.

[0018] A further solution is that the polishing variable frequency shaking unit is located inside the V-shaped area formed by the damping feeding unit, and includes a mounting plate connected to the center plate, the mounting plate is an L-shaped structure, a linear rail is provided on the top of the mounting plate, a slider is provided on the top of the linear rail, the slider is slidably connected to the linear rail, and a shaking plate is provided on the top of the slider; a shaking motor is provided on the side wall of the mounting plate, an eccentric wheel is connected to the output end of the shaking motor, a connecting rod is provided on one side of the shaking plate, the eccentric wheel and the connecting rod are connected by a male and female connecting rod, so that the eccentric wheel drives the shaking plate to slide back and forth in the linear rail through the male and female connecting rod;

[0019] A throwing wheel inserting frame is provided on a side of the shaking plate away from the connecting rod for fixing the main throwing wheel, so that the shaking plate drives the main throwing wheel to perform reciprocating motion within a set range.

[0020] A further solution is that the polishing start-up pressing unit includes a cylinder and a guide rail arranged on one side of the center plate, and a fixed plate is slidably arranged on the guide rail;

[0021] The output end of the cylinder abuts against one side of the fixed plate through a push plate, and a connecting piece is provided on the fixed plate, and the connecting piece is fixedly connected to the four-station CNC lathe;

[0022] The central plate is further provided with a limit plate for limiting the position of the fixed plate;

[0023] The initial state of the cylinder is an extended state, and the cylinder contracts to cause the fixed plate and the guide rail to slide relative to each other, thereby driving the center plate to move.

[0024] A further solution is to further include a honing paper detection unit for detecting the state of the honing paper;

[0025] The honing paper detection unit includes a proximity switch and a rotating rod provided on a side of the center plate close to the damping tape feeding unit, the proximity switch is connected to the control unit, the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the center plate, and a contact rod is further provided at the end of the rotating rod;

[0026] The contact rod is overlapped on the honing paper. When the tightness of the honing paper decreases or the honing paper is used up, the rotating rod rotates downward to trigger the proximity switch and output a switch signal to the control unit.

[0027] A further solution is that a nozzle is provided at one end of the grinding fluid pipeline, the location of the nozzle is adapted to the main polishing wheel, and a filter device is connected to the other end of the grinding fluid pipeline, and the filter device is used to recover and filter the grinding fluid for reuse.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The present invention clamps the polishing system through a four-station CNC lathe to complete the preliminary tool alignment of the polishing system, and then adjusts the position of the main throwing wheel through the polishing start-up clamping unit to achieve precise tool alignment, and completes the automatic belt feeding process of the polishing process through the damping belt feeding unit, thereby improving the polishing efficiency, and controls the main throwing wheel to move back and forth axially within a set range through the polishing frequency conversion jitter unit during the polishing process, thereby improving the aesthetics of the polishing lines.

[0030] The pulley quick-change assembly of the present invention realizes the rapid installation and replacement of the honing paper cylinder by changing the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve, and a deceleration pressure plate is sleeved on the driven shaft. Pressure is applied to the deceleration pressure plate by a compression spring to increase the friction between the deceleration pressure plate and the first boss, providing reverse damping for the pulley quick-change assembly, ensuring that the honing paper is always in a tensioned state during the automatic belt feeding process, and effectively avoiding creases on the honing paper caused by slow honing progress, thereby affecting the polishing quality.

[0031] During the polishing process of the present invention, the shaking motor drives the eccentric wheel to rotate, thereby causing the shaking plate to slide on the linear rail to drive the main throwing wheel to perform reciprocating motion along the axial direction within a certain range to realize shaking polishing, which can cut off the spiral ring pattern on the surface of the workpiece during the polishing process. For workpieces such as pistons, the spiral ring pattern generated by the stationary main throwing wheel will cause the lubricating oil to flow out from the micro spiral ring groove when the piston moves. The use of shaking polishing can cut off the spiral ring groove and form a continuous micro oil storage tank, thereby reducing the friction between the piston and the cylinder body and ensuring that the surface pattern of the piston is beautiful and uniform after polishing.

[0032] The present invention uses a polishing start-up and clamping unit to fine-tune the main throwing wheel position. During adjustment, the cylinder contracts, causing the guide rail and fixed plate to slide relative to each other. The cylinder then pulls the center plate forward to adjust the main throwing wheel position. Since the cylinder directly pushes the center plate forward, it requires a support point, which is difficult to achieve on a four-station CNC lathe. The present invention adjusts the center plate by pulling it in reverse, making the overall structure compact and providing more operating space for construction personnel.

[0033] The present invention accurately detects the tension of the honing paper through the honing paper detection unit. If the tension decreases, the honing paper breaks, or the honing paper is used up, the contact rod will drive the rotating rod to rotate downward, triggering the proximity switch and outputting a signal to the control unit. The control unit can control the tool retraction in time to avoid damage to the polishing workpiece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The following drawings are merely provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the installation position of the damping belt feeding unit;

[0037] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of the installation position of the polishing start-up pressing unit;

[0038] Figure 4 : Schematic diagram of the damping belt feeding unit structure;

[0039] Figure 5 : Schematic diagram of the polishing start-up and pressing unit structure;

[0040] Figure 6 : Schematic diagram of the polishing frequency conversion dither unit structure;

[0041] Figure 7 : Schematic diagram of the pulley quick-change assembly structure;

[0042] Figure 8 : Schematic diagram of the recycling assembly structure;

[0043] In the figure: 1. Housing; 2. Grinding fluid pipeline; 3. Pipe fixing frame; 4. Connecting ring; 5. Damping belt feeding unit; 6. Polishing frequency conversion dithering unit; 7. Center plate; 8. Pulley quick change assembly; 9. Recovery assembly; 10. Belt pressure pulley; 11. Guide pulley; 12. Honing paper; 13. Main throwing wheel; 14. Honing paper cylinder; 15. Compression spring; 16. Adjusting bolt; 17. Speed reduction pressure plate; 18. First positioning ring; 19. Driven shaft; 20. Expansion sleeve; 21. Locking buckle; 22. Pressure ring; 23. Take-up pulley; 24. Limiting ring; 25. Fastening bolts; 26. Belt transport motor; 27. Support wheel; 28. Driven wheel; 29. Driving wheel; 30. Second positioning ring; 31. Connecting pressure ring; 32. Driving shaft; 33. Limiting plate; 34. Guide rail; 35. Connecting piece; 36. Cylinder; 37. Push plate; 38. Fixed plate; 39. Shaking motor; 40. Eccentric wheel; 41. Mounting plate; 42. Linear rail; 43. Slider; 44. Throwing wheel bracket; 45. Male and female connecting rods; 46. Connecting rod; 47. Shaking plate; 48. Proximity switch; 49. Rotating rod; 50. Contact rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solution, design method and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an ultra-precision polishing system, which is clamped on a four-station CNC lathe, and polishes the workpiece by coarsely adjusting the position of the polishing system on the CNC lathe. The system includes an external control unit and a center plate 7. A shell 1 is provided on the outside of the center plate 7 to protect the functional components on both sides of the center plate 7. A damping belt feeding unit 5 and a polishing frequency conversion jitter unit 6 are provided on the left side of the center plate 7, and a polishing starting clamping unit is provided on the right side of the center plate 7. A grinding fluid pipeline 2 is provided on the top of the center plate 7 to transport the grinding fluid to the workpiece for cooling and lubrication. A pipeline fixing frame 3 is provided on the top of the center plate 7, and the grinding fluid pipeline 2 is connected to the pipeline fixing frame 3 through a connecting ring 4. In this embodiment, a nozzle is provided at one end of the grinding fluid pipeline 2, and the setting position of the nozzle is adapted to the main polishing wheel 13. The other end of the grinding fluid pipeline 2 is connected to a filtering device, and the filtering device is used to recover and filter the grinding fluid for reuse; specifically, as Figure 3 As shown, the damping tape feeding unit 5 is connected to a tape feeding motor 26 for driving the damping tape feeding unit 5 to feed the tape, and the polishing start pressing unit is connected to a cylinder 36 for flexibly fine-tuning the tool position; Figure 2As shown, the polishing variable frequency dithering unit 6 is connected to a dithering motor 39, which is used to drive the polishing variable frequency dithering unit 6 to move back and forth within a set range; in this embodiment, the control unit is respectively connected to the tape transport motor 26, the dithering motor 39, and the cylinder 36, and controls the working parameters of the tape transport motor 26, the dithering motor 39, and the cylinder 36 according to the processing conditions and quality requirements.

[0046] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the damping tape feeding unit 5 includes a pulley quick-change assembly 8, a belt pressure roller 10, a recovery assembly 9 and a plurality of guide wheels 11, which are respectively fixed to the left side of the center plate 7 and arranged in a V shape; a main polishing wheel 13 is also provided on the left side of the center plate 7, and the main polishing wheel 13 extends to the outside of the end of the center plate 7 for polishing the workpiece; the pulley quick-change assembly 8 is used to install a honing paper cylinder 14; the honing paper 12 of the honing paper cylinder 14 is sequentially fed from the inside of the belt pressure roller 10, the outside of the guide wheel 11, the main polishing wheel 13, and the honing paper 12 of the honing paper cylinder 14. 3 is wound around the outer side of the recycling assembly 9 and is fixedly connected to the recycling assembly 9. In this embodiment, four sets of guide wheels 11 are provided, one on each side of the main throwing wheel 13. The guide wheels 11 define the honing paper 12 into a V-shape and form a hollow V-shaped area inside the honing paper 12. The recycling assembly 9 is connected to the belt conveyor motor 26, which drives the recycling assembly 9 to rotate so that the honing paper 12 is wound around the recycling assembly 9, thereby driving the honing paper drum 14 to automatically convey the belt.

[0047] During the polishing process, it is necessary to ensure that the honing paper 12 is in a tensioned state, otherwise the honing paper 12 may fold. Therefore, when the belt motor 26 drives the recovery assembly 9 to rotate, the pulley quick change assembly 8 needs to provide a certain amount of damping to prevent the honing paper cylinder 14 from rotating too fast. This embodiment adopts the following structure to achieve this: Figure 7As shown, the pulley quick-change assembly 8 includes a driven shaft 19, a first locating ring 18 is provided on the left side of the center plate 7, and a deceleration pressure plate 17 is provided on the right side of the center plate 7, and the first locating ring 18 and the deceleration pressure plate 17 are connected by bolts; the driven shaft 19 passes through the first locating ring 18, the center plate 7 and the deceleration pressure plate 17 in sequence and is rotatably connected with the first locating ring 18, the center plate 7 and the deceleration pressure plate 17 respectively; a first boss is provided on the side of the driven shaft 19 close to the deceleration pressure plate 17, and the deceleration pressure plate 17 abuts against the first boss to limit the rotation speed of the driven shaft 19, and a compression spring 15 and an adjusting bolt 16 are provided on the outside of the deceleration pressure plate 17, and the compression spring 15 and the adjusting bolt 16 are respectively sleeved on the driven shaft 19, and are used to To adjust the abutting pressure between the deceleration pressure plate 17 and the first boss; an expansion sleeve 20 is also sleeved on the driven shaft 19, and the honing paper tube 14 is sleeved on the expansion sleeve 20, and a pressure ring 22 is provided on one side of the expansion sleeve 20, and the pressure ring 22 is a conical structure, and a conical platform is provided on the driven shaft 19, one side of the expansion sleeve 20 abuts against the pressure ring 22, and the other side of the expansion sleeve 20 abuts against the conical platform, and a lock buckle 21 is provided on the outside of the pressure ring 22, one end of the lock buckle 21 passes through the pressure ring 22 and is connected to the driven shaft 19, and is used to adjust the abutting pressure between the pressure ring 22 and the expansion sleeve 20, so that the pressure ring 22 squeezes the expansion sleeve 20 and then adjusts the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve 20 to fix the honing paper tube 14.

[0048] like Figure 8As shown in the above, the recovery assembly includes a driving shaft 32, a second boss is provided in the middle of the driving shaft 32, a second positioning ring 30 is provided on the left side of the center plate 7, and a connecting pressure ring 31 is provided on the right side of the center plate 7, the second positioning ring 30 and the connecting pressure ring 31 are connected by bolts, and the driving shaft 32 passes through the second positioning ring 30, the center plate 7 and the connecting pressure ring 31 in sequence and is rotatably connected to the second positioning ring 30, the center plate 7 and the connecting pressure ring 31 respectively; a take-up pulley 23 is sleeved on the driving shaft 32, one side of the second boss abuts against the take-up pulley 23, and the other side of the second boss abuts against the second positioning ring 30, and a limiting ring 24 is provided on the side of the take-up pulley 23 away from the boss, and the limiting ring 24 passes through It is connected to the driving shaft 32 through a fastening bolt 25; a driven pulley 28 and a driving pulley 29 are provided on the side of the center plate 7 close to the connecting pressure ring 31, and the tape-walking motor 26 is fixedly connected to the center plate through a motor base, and the output end of the tape-walking motor 26 is connected to the driving pulley 29, and the driving pulley 29 and the driven pulley 28 are connected by a belt drive. A support pulley 27 is also provided between the driving pulley 29 and the driven pulley 28 for adjusting the belt tightness to ensure power transmission efficiency. The driven pulley 28 is connected to the driving shaft 32 for driving the driving shaft 32 to rotate, and an arc-shaped slot is provided on the take-up pulley 23 for clamping the honing paper 12, and the rotation direction of the arc-shaped slot is opposite to the rotation direction of the take-up pulley 23. During the recycling process of the used honing paper 12, the end of the honing paper 12 is inserted into the arc-shaped slot of the take-up wheel 23, and then the take-up wheel 23 rotates in the opposite direction to wind the honing paper 12 around the take-up wheel 23. As the take-up wheel 23 rotates, the honing paper 12 is wound tighter and tighter, making it easier to recycle the honing paper 12.

[0049] like Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the polishing variable frequency shaking unit 6 is located inside the V-shaped area formed by the damping belt feeding unit 5, and includes a mounting plate 41 connected to the center plate 7. The mounting plate 41 is an L-shaped structure. A linear rail 42 is provided on the top of the mounting plate 41. A slider 43 is provided on the top of the linear rail 42. The slider 43 is slidably connected to the linear rail 42, and a shaking plate 47 is provided on the top of the slider 43; a shaking motor 39 is provided on the side wall of the mounting plate 41, and an eccentric wheel 40 is connected to the output end of the shaking motor 39. A connecting rod 46 is provided on one side of the shaking plate 47. The eccentric wheel 40 and the connecting rod 46 are connected by a public The female connecting rod 45 is connected so that the eccentric wheel 40 drives the shaking plate 47 to slide back and forth within the linear rail 42 through the male and female connecting rods 45. A throwing wheel bracket 44 is provided on the side of the shaking plate 47 away from the connecting rod 46 for fixing the main throwing wheel 13, so that the shaking plate 47 drives the main throwing wheel 13 to reciprocate within a set range. It should be understood that the reciprocating axial motion of the main throwing wheel 13 under the rapid rotation of the shaking motor 39 is shaking. During the workpiece polishing process, the workpiece is rapidly rotated and moved axially by the CNC machine tool. If the main throwing wheel 13 is fixed, spiral rings will be formed on the polished surface. For example, when polishing a piston, the spiral rings on the piston surface are actually spiral grooves. When the piston moves within the cylinder, lubricating oil flows out of the micro-spiral grooves. Using shaking polishing can cut the spiral grooves and form a continuous micro-oil reservoir, reducing friction between the piston and the cylinder body and ensuring a beautiful and uniform surface texture after polishing.

[0050] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the polishing start-up pressing unit includes a cylinder 36 and a guide rail 34 arranged on the right side of the center plate 7. A fixed plate 38 is slidably arranged on the guide rail 34. The output end of the cylinder 36 abuts against one side of the fixed plate 38 through a push plate 37. The fixed plate 38 is provided with a connecting member 35. A hollow groove is opened on the housing 1. The connecting member 35 extends to the outside of the hollow groove and is fixedly connected to the four-station CNC lathe.

[0051] A limit plate 33 is also provided on the center plate 7 for limiting the position of the fixed plate 38. In this embodiment, the initial state of the cylinder 36 is an extended state. When it is necessary to fine-tune the position of the main throwing wheel 13, the control unit controls the cylinder 36 to contract so that the fixed plate 38 and the guide rail 34 slide relative to each other. Since the fixed plate 38 is clamped on the four-station CNC machine tool through the connecting piece 35, when the fixed plate 38 and the guide rail 34 slide relative to each other, the fixed plate 38 remains stationary, so that the guide rail 34 slides forward, thereby driving the center plate 7 to move forward, thereby adjusting the main throwing wheel 13.

[0052] In order to ensure the smooth progress of the polishing process, Figure 2As shown, the ultra-precision polishing system also includes a honing paper detection unit for detecting the state of the honing paper 12. This honing paper detection unit includes a proximity switch 48 and a rotating rod 49, located on the side of the center plate 7 near the damping tape feed unit 5. The proximity switch 48 is connected to the control unit. The rotating rod 49 is rotatably connected to the center plate 7. A contact rod 50 is also provided at the end of the rotating rod 49. The contact rod 50 overlaps the honing paper 12. The position of the rotating rod 49 determines the state of the honing paper 12, including tension, relaxation, and breakage. When the tension of the honing paper 12 decreases or the honing paper 12 is used up, the rotating rod 49 rotates downward, triggering the proximity switch 48 and outputting a switch signal to the control unit. The control unit uses this switch signal to control the polishing system to retract the tool. The control unit also connects to an external alarm device to remind the operator to adjust the position of the honing paper 12 or replace the honing paper cylinder 14. Since the amplitude detected by the detection circuit built into the proximity switch 48 is different when the rotating rod 49 is in different positions, when the honing paper 12 is in a taut state, the rotating rod 49 is farthest from the proximity switch, the detected amplitude is minimum, and the amplitude varies within the first range; when the honing paper 12 is in a relaxed state, the rotating rod 49 rotates downward by a certain angle, so that the relative position of the rotating rod 49 and the proximity switch 48 becomes smaller, and the amplitude detected by the detection circuit increases. The second range is set so that when the amplitude varies within the second range, it is determined that the honing paper 12 is in a relaxed state; when the honing paper 12 is in a broken state, the contact rod 50 loses support, causing the rotating rod 49 to rotate to the lowest point under the action of gravity. During this process, the rotating rod 49 passes the closest point to the proximity switch 48, and the amplitude detected by the detection circuit is maximum, reaching the third range. The control unit obtains the amplitude signal of the proximity switch 48 in real time, compares the amplitude signal with the first range, the second range, and the third range to determine the state of the honing paper 12. When the honing paper 12 is in a taut state, the ultra-precision polishing system performs normal polishing operations. When the honing paper 12 is in a relaxed state, the control unit controls the polishing system to retract and issues a first alarm signal to remind the staff to adjust the adjusting bolt 16, increase the damping of the pulley quick change assembly 8, and then adjust the tightness of the honing paper 12; when the honing paper 12 is in a broken state, the control unit controls the polishing system to retract and issues a second alarm signal to remind the staff to replace the honing paper 12.

[0053] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are intended to be illustrative, non-exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, their practical applications, or technological improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An ultra-precision polishing system, connected to a four-station CNC lathe, for polishing workpieces, characterized in that: It comprises an external control unit and a center plate (7), wherein a damping belt feeding unit (5) and a polishing frequency conversion shaking unit (6) are provided on one side of the center plate (7), a polishing starting pressing unit is provided on the other side of the center plate (7), and a grinding fluid pipeline (2) is provided on the top of the center plate (7); The damping tape feeding unit (5) is connected to a tape running motor (26) for driving the damping tape feeding unit (5) to run the tape; The polishing variable frequency shaking unit (6) is connected to a shaking motor (39) for driving the polishing variable frequency shaking unit (6) to move back and forth within a set range; The polishing start-up and pressing unit is connected to a cylinder (36) for flexibly adjusting the tool position; The control unit is connected to the tape-moving motor (26), the shaking motor (39), and the cylinder (36) respectively, and is used to control the operating parameters of the tape-moving motor (26), the shaking motor (39), and the cylinder (36); The damping tape feeding unit (5) comprises a pulley quick-change assembly (8), a pressure pulley (10), a recovery assembly (9) and a plurality of guide wheels (11) respectively fixed to one side of the center plate (7) and arranged in a V-shape; a main polishing wheel (13) is also provided on one side of the center plate (7), and the main polishing wheel (13) extends to the outside of the end of the center plate (7) for polishing the workpiece; The pulley quick-change assembly (8) is used to install a honing paper cylinder (14); the honing paper (12) of the honing paper cylinder (14) is sequentially wound from the inner side of the pressure pulley (10), the outer side of the guide wheel (11), and the outer side of the main throwing wheel (13) to the recycling assembly (9) and is fixedly connected to the recycling assembly (9); The recycling assembly (9) is connected to the belt-moving motor (26), and the belt-moving motor (26) drives the recycling assembly (9) to rotate so that the honing paper (12) is wound on the recycling assembly (9), thereby driving the honing paper cylinder (14) to move automatically; The pulley quick-change assembly (8) includes a driven shaft (19), a first positioning ring (18) is provided on one side of the center plate (7), and a deceleration pressure plate (17) is provided on the other side of the center plate (7), and the first positioning ring (18) and the deceleration pressure plate (17) are connected by bolts; the driven shaft (19) passes through the first positioning ring (18), the center plate (7) and the deceleration pressure plate (17) in sequence and is rotatably connected to the first positioning ring (18), the center plate (7) and the deceleration pressure plate (17) respectively; A first boss is provided on one side of the driven shaft (19) close to the deceleration pressure plate (17), and the deceleration pressure plate (17) abuts against the first boss to limit the rotational speed of the driven shaft (19). A compression spring (15) and an adjusting bolt (16) are provided on the outer side of the deceleration pressure plate (17), and the compression spring (15) and the adjusting bolt (16) are respectively sleeved on the driven shaft (19) and used to adjust the abutting pressure between the deceleration pressure plate (17) and the first boss; The driven shaft (19) is also provided with an expansion sleeve (20), the honing paper cylinder (14) is provided on the expansion sleeve (20), and a pressure ring (22) is provided on one side of the expansion sleeve (20), the pressure ring (22) is a conical structure, and a lock buckle (21) is provided on the outside of the pressure ring (22), one end of the lock buckle (21) passes through the pressure ring (22) and is connected to the driven shaft (19), and is used to adjust the abutment pressure between the pressure ring (22) and the expansion sleeve (20), so that the pressure ring (22) squeezes the expansion sleeve (20) and then adjusts the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve (20) to fix the honing paper cylinder (14).

2. An ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recovery assembly includes a driving shaft (32), a second boss is provided in the middle of the driving shaft (32), a second positioning ring (30) is provided on one side of the center plate (7), and a connecting pressure ring (31) is provided on the other side of the center plate (7), the second positioning ring (30) and the connecting pressure ring (31) are connected by bolts, and the driving shaft (32) passes through the second positioning ring (30), the center plate (7) and the connecting pressure ring (31) in sequence and is rotatably connected to the second positioning ring (30), the center plate (7) and the connecting pressure ring (31) respectively; A take-up pulley (23) is sleeved on the driving shaft (32), one side of the second boss abuts against the take-up pulley (23), and the other side of the second boss abuts against the second positioning ring (30), and a limiting ring (24) is provided on the side of the take-up pulley (23) away from the boss, and the limiting ring (24) is connected to the driving shaft (32) via a fastening bolt (25); A driven wheel (28) and a driving wheel (29) are provided on one side of the center plate (7) close to the connecting pressure ring (31); the tape-walking motor (26) is fixedly connected to the center plate (7) via a motor base, and the output end of the tape-walking motor (26) is connected to the driving wheel (29); the driving wheel (29) and the driven wheel (28) are connected via a belt drive; the driven wheel (28) is connected to the driving shaft (32) for driving the driving shaft (32) to rotate; an arc-shaped slot is provided on the take-up wheel (23) for clamping the honing paper (12); the rotation direction of the arc-shaped slot is opposite to the rotation direction of the take-up wheel (23).

3. The ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polishing variable frequency shaking unit (6) is located inside the V-shaped area formed by the damping belt feeding unit (5), and includes a mounting plate (41) connected to the center plate (7), the mounting plate (41) is an L-shaped structure, a linear rail (42) is provided on the top of the mounting plate (41), a slider (43) is provided on the top of the linear rail (42), the slider (43) is slidably connected to the linear rail (42), and a shaking plate (47) is provided on the top of the slider (43); a shaking motor (39) is provided on the side wall of the mounting plate (41), an eccentric wheel (40) is connected to the output end of the shaking motor (39), and a connecting rod (46) is provided on one side of the shaking plate (47), the eccentric wheel (40) and the connecting rod (46) are connected by a male and female connecting rod (45), so that the eccentric wheel (40) drives the shaking plate (47) to slide back and forth in the linear rail (42) through the male and female connecting rod (45); A throwing wheel inserting frame (44) is provided on one side of the shaking plate (47) away from the connecting rod (46) for fixing the main throwing wheel (13), so that the shaking plate (47) drives the main throwing wheel (13) to perform reciprocating motion within a set range.

4. The ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polishing start-up pressing unit comprises a cylinder (36) and a guide rail (34) arranged on one side of the central plate (7), wherein a fixed plate (38) is slidably arranged on the guide rail (34); The output end of the cylinder (36) abuts against one side of the fixed plate (38) through a push plate (37); a connecting member (35) is provided on the fixed plate (38); and the connecting member (35) is fixedly connected to the four-station CNC lathe; A limiting plate (33) is also provided on the central plate (7) for limiting the position of the fixing plate (38); The initial state of the cylinder (36) is an extended state, and the cylinder (36) contracts to cause the fixed plate (38) and the guide rail (34) to slide relative to each other, thereby driving the central plate (7) to move.

5. The ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a honing paper detection unit for detecting the state of the honing paper (12); The honing paper detection unit includes a proximity switch (48) and a rotating rod (49) provided on a side of the center plate (7) close to the damping tape feed unit (5), wherein the proximity switch (48) is connected to the control unit, and the rotating rod (49) is rotatably connected to the center plate (7), and a contact rod (50) is further provided at the end of the rotating rod (49); The contact rod (50) overlaps the honing paper (12). When the tightness of the honing paper (12) decreases or the honing paper (12) is used up, the rotating rod (49) rotates downward to trigger the proximity switch (48) and outputs a switch signal to the control unit.

6. The ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A nozzle is provided at one end of the grinding fluid pipeline (2), and the location of the nozzle is adapted to the main polishing wheel (13). The other end of the grinding fluid pipeline (2) is connected to a filter device, and the filter device is used to recover and filter the grinding fluid for reuse.

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