Straw pretreatment fermentation device

Abstract

The invention provides a straw pretreatment fermentation device, and relates to the technical field of straw pretreatment, the straw pretreatment fermentation device comprises a shell, the shell is internally provided with a crushing shell, a chemical treatment shell and a fermentation shell, and the bottom surface and the upper surface of the chemical treatment shell are fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the crushing shell and the upper surface of the fermentation shell respectively; the front surface of the shell is fixedly connected with a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller); when the straw smashing device is used, straw can be subjected to multi-stage smashing and cutting refining through a variable frequency motor, a sun gear, a planetary gear transmission structure and a cutting wheel in the smashing unit, materials are preliminarily smashed through a smashing head, then are further smashed and cut through the cutting wheel, and enter a chemical treatment shell after smashing is completed; and under the combined action of the stirring shaft, the spiral blade and the stirring rod, the straw is fully contacted and reacted with a chemical reagent, so that the effective pretreatment of the straw is realized, a more suitable material state is provided for subsequent fermentation, and the effect of improving the straw pretreatment efficiency is finally achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of straw pretreatment, in particular to a straw pretreatment fermentation device. Background Art

[0002] Straw pretreatment refers to the process of pre-processing straw, a biomass material, by physical, chemical or biological means. This process aims to change the physical form, chemical properties and material characteristics of the straw to make it more conducive to subsequent fermentation operations, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of straw resource utilization and providing basic conditions for the efficient conversion of straw. At present, common straw pretreatment fermentation technologies include physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical methods mainly include mechanical crushing and steam explosion. Mechanical crushing can reduce the particle size of straw and increase the specific surface area, but the energy consumption is relatively high; steam explosion can It can effectively destroy the structure of straw, but the equipment cost is relatively high. Chemical methods such as acid treatment and alkali treatment. Acid treatment can degrade part of lignin, but the recovery and treatment of acid are relatively complicated. Alkali treatment can improve the digestibility of straw, but large amounts of alkali will cause environmental pollution problems. Biological methods mainly use microorganisms or enzymes produced by them to degrade straw. Although environmentally friendly, they take a long time to process and are relatively inefficient. In practical applications, these technologies often have problems such as unsatisfactory treatment effects, high costs, certain negative impacts on the environment, or too long treatment cycles, which limit the large-scale promotion and application of straw pretreatment fermentation.

[0003] Among the existing straw pretreatment and fermentation technologies, the physical method has high energy consumption for mechanical crushing and low cost-effectiveness for steam explosion equipment. The chemical method requires the development of efficient acid and alkali recovery and treatment technologies to reduce costs, pollution and improve efficiency. The biological method requires the screening and cultivation of efficient strains or enzyme preparations to enhance practicality. Moreover, the existing technologies are mostly single and lack the organic combination of physical, chemical and biological methods. In addition, the entire process lacks real-time monitoring and precise control of the straw material characteristics and processing progress. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a straw pretreatment fermentation device, aiming to solve the problem that the prior art is mostly single and lacks the organic combination of physical, chemical and biological methods.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A straw pretreatment and fermentation device comprises an outer shell, wherein a crushing shell, a chemical treatment shell and a fermentation shell are respectively arranged inside the outer shell, the bottom surface and the upper surface of the chemical treatment shell are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the crushing shell and the upper surface of the fermentation shell, a PLC programmable controller is fixedly connected to the front side of the outer shell, and a crushing unit, a chemical treatment unit and a fermentation unit are respectively arranged inside the outer shell.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. When the present invention is used, the variable frequency motor, sun gear, planetary gear transmission structure and cutting wheel in the crushing unit can perform multi-stage crushing and cutting of straw. The material is first crushed by the crushing head, and then further crushed and cut by the cutting wheel. After the crushing is completed, it enters the chemical treatment shell, and is fully contacted and reacted with the chemical reagent under the joint action of the stirring shaft, spiral blades and stirring rod, so as to achieve effective pretreatment of the straw, provide a more suitable material state for subsequent fermentation, and finally achieve the effect of improving the efficiency of straw pretreatment, avoiding the problems of high energy consumption of mechanical crushing and poor single treatment effect in physical methods; 2. When the present invention is in use, the materials can be fully mixed during the fermentation process, and reagents, moisture and microbial strains can be accurately added according to monitoring parameters through the conical spiral blades, mixing racks, conical racks, various sensors in the chemical treatment shell and fermentation shell, storage boxes and adding devices. During the fermentation process, the materials are evenly distributed under the action of the conical spiral blades and mixing components, the sensors feed back data in real time, and the PLC programmable controller controls the corresponding devices to add the required substances, thereby realizing the optimized control of the fermentation process and improving the fermentation effect, achieving the purpose of reducing costs, reducing pollution and improving fermentation efficiency, and avoiding the problems of high cost and high pollution of chemical methods and insufficient practicality of biological methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the chemical treatment shell of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the crushing shell of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the chemical treatment shell of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the central axis and spiral leaf structure of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the first bearing details of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the first bevel gear details of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the stirring rod structure of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a detailed enlarged structural schematic diagram of the transmission gear of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the installation shell of the present invention; Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the fermentation shell of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the conical frame structure of the present invention; Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the heating wire structure of the present invention; Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the six-way addition nozzle of the present invention; Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow control valve of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0009] Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a straw pretreatment fermentation device, such as Figure 1-15 As shown, it includes an outer shell 1, and a crushing shell 3, a chemical treatment shell 17 and a fermentation shell 12 are respectively arranged inside the outer shell 1, the bottom surface and the upper surface of the chemical treatment shell 17 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the crushing shell 3 and the upper surface of the fermentation shell 12, a PLC programmable controller 2 is fixedly connected to the front of the outer shell 1, and a crushing unit, a chemical treatment unit and a fermentation unit are respectively arranged inside the outer shell 1.

[0010] In this embodiment, the outer shell 1 can conveniently protect the crushing shell 3, the chemical treatment shell 17 and the fermentation shell 12. The straw enters the crushing shell 3 through the feed port for crushing treatment, and the crushed material falls into the chemical treatment shell 17 for chemical treatment, and finally enters the fermentation shell 12 for fermentation. The PLC programmable controller 2 can control the coordinated operation of each component to realize the automated control of the straw pretreatment fermentation process.

[0011] Embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, as Figure 1-15As shown, the pulverizing unit includes an annular shell 50, the outer surface of the annular shell 50 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pulverizing shell 3, three fixing frames 5 are arranged inside the pulverizing shell 3, the outer surfaces of two fixing frames 5 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the annular shell 50, and the outer surface of another fixing frame 5 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pulverizing shell 3, the upper surface of the chemical treatment shell 17 is fixedly connected to the motor frame 8, the upper surface of the motor frame 8 is fixedly connected to the variable frequency motor 6, the output end of the variable frequency motor 6 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 46, the inner wall of each fixing frame 5 is fixedly connected to the first bearing 49, the inner rings of the three first bearings 49 are fixedly connected to the central shaft 35, one end of the connecting shaft 46 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the chemical treatment shell 17, and the inner rings of the three first bearings 49 are fixedly connected to the central shaft 35. One end of the central shaft 35 is fixedly connected, and a sun gear 47 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the central shaft 35. Three planetary gears 48 are meshed on the outer surface of the sun gear 47. The inner walls of the three planetary gears 48 are respectively provided with a first rotating shaft 34, a second rotating shaft 18 and a third rotating shaft 32. The outer surfaces of the first rotating shaft 34, the second rotating shaft 18 and the third rotating shaft 32 are fixedly connected to three second bearings 36. The outer surface of each second bearing 36 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame 5. The outer surface of each first rotating shaft 34, the outer surface of the second rotating shaft 18 and the outer surface of the third rotating shaft 32 are fixedly connected to a plurality of crushing heads 51.

[0012] In this embodiment, the variable frequency motor 6 is installed on the motor frame 8. After starting, it drives the central shaft 35 to rotate through the connecting shaft 46, and the central shaft 35 drives the sun gear 47 to rotate. The sun gear 47 is engaged with the three planetary gears 48, so that the planetary gears 48 rotate around their own axes respectively. The planetary gears 48 respectively drive the first rotating shaft 34, the second rotating shaft 18 and the third rotating shaft 32 to rotate, and further drive the crushing head 51 to rotate at high speed to crush the straw entering the crushing shell 3. The fixed frame 5 and the first bearing 49 can support and fix the central shaft 35. The three groups of second bearings 36 can respectively support and fix the first rotating shaft 34, the second rotating shaft 18 and the third rotating shaft 32 to ensure rotation stability and accuracy. The annular shell 50 cooperates with the fixed frame 5 to further stabilize the internal structure.

[0013] Embodiment 3, on the basis of embodiment 2, as Figure 1-15As shown, the inner wall of the central shaft 35 is fixedly connected with the third bearing 26 and the fourth bearing 64 respectively, the inner ring of the third bearing 26 and the inner ring of the fourth bearing 64 are fixedly connected with the inner shaft 68, the outer side of the pulverizing shell 3 is provided with a first belt 33, one end of the first belt 33 is wrapped around the first rotating shaft 34, the other end of the first belt 33 is wrapped around the outer surface of the inner shaft 68, six first bevel gears 65 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the inner shaft 68, six groups of fifth bearings 67 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the central shaft 35, the number of each group of fifth bearings 67 is three, the inner ring of each fifth bearing 67 is fixedly connected with a cutting wheel 45, one end of each cutting wheel 45 is fixedly connected with a second bevel gear 66, and the outer surface of each second bevel gear 66 is meshed with the outer surface of the first bevel gear 65.

[0014] In this embodiment, the first rotating shaft 34 is rotated, and the inner rotating shaft 68 is driven to rotate through the first belt 33, and the six first bevel gears 65 on the inner rotating shaft 68 are driven to rotate, the first bevel gear 65 is meshed with the second bevel gear 66, and the fifth bearing 67 on the inner wall of the central shaft 35 supports the cutting wheel 45. The cutting wheel 45 is rotated on the central shaft 35 through the transmission of the first bevel gear 65 and the second bevel gear 66. The third bearing 26 and the fourth bearing 64 are used to ensure the stability of the rotation of the inner rotating shaft 68. When the cutting wheel 45 rotates, the straw preliminarily crushed by the crushing head 51 is further cut and refined, and the crushing head 51 cooperates to crush and cut the straw, thereby improving the fineness of the straw crushing and providing a more suitable material state for subsequent chemical treatment and fermentation.

[0015] Embodiment 4, on the basis of embodiment 3, as Figure 1-15As shown, the chemical treatment unit includes a mounting shell 9, the outer surface of the mounting shell 9 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the chemical treatment shell 17, the inner wall of the mounting shell 9 is respectively fixedly connected to the first ball bearing 74 and the second ball bearing 73, the inner wall of the chemical treatment shell 17 is fixedly connected to the third ball bearing 52, the inner ring of the first ball bearing 74 and the inner ring of the second ball bearing 73 are respectively fixedly connected to the outer extension tube 58 and the reinforcement ring 78, the inner wall of the reinforcement ring 78 and the inner ring of the third ball bearing 52 are jointly fixedly connected to the stirring shaft 37, and the outer surface of the stirring shaft 37 is respectively fixedly connected There are transmission gears 75 and spiral blades 44, the inner wall of the outer extension tube 58 is fixedly connected with an inner gear ring 77, the outer surface of the transmission gear 75 is meshed with the inner wall of the inner gear ring 77, the right end of the outer extension tube 58 is fixedly connected with six connecting plates 69, two annular frames 38 are arranged inside the chemical treatment shell 17, the right end of each connecting plate 69 is fixedly connected to the left side of one of the annular frames 38, the side of the two annular frames 38 close to each other is fixedly connected with a stirring rod 42, the outer surface of each stirring shaft 37 is fixedly connected with a plurality of movable shells 56, each movable shell 56 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of each stirring shaft 37. The movable housing 56 is rotatably connected to a movable shaft 57, a second belt 20 is arranged on the outer side of the chemical treatment housing 17, one end of the second belt 20 is wrapped around the third rotating shaft 32, and the other end of the second belt 20 is wrapped around the outer surface of the stirring shaft 37, a material drop opening 76 is provided on the bottom surface of the chemical treatment housing 17, an electric telescopic rod 72 and two stable seats 71 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the chemical treatment housing 17, each stable seat 71 is slidably connected to a stable plate 70, and the upper surfaces of the two stable plates 70 are fixedly connected to a closing plate 41, and the closing plate 41 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the chemical treatment housing 17. The outer surface is clamped with the inside of the blanking port 76, the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 72 is fixedly connected to the right side of the closing plate 41, and a blanking port 76 is opened on the bottom surface of the chemical treatment shell 17. The inner wall of the chemical treatment shell 17 is respectively fixedly connected with the electric telescopic rod 72 and two stabilizing seats 71, and each stabilizing seat 71 is slidably connected to the inside of a stabilizing plate 70. The upper surfaces of the two stabilizing plates 70 are commonly fixedly connected to the closing plate 41. The outer surface of the closing plate 41 is clamped with the inside of the blanking port 76, and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 72 is fixedly connected to the right side of the closing plate 41.

[0016] In this embodiment, the third rotating shaft 32 is rotated to drive the stirring shaft 37 to rotate through the second belt 20, and the transmission gear 75 on the stirring shaft 37 is meshed with the inner gear ring 77 on the inner wall of the outer extension tube 58, so that the stirring shaft 37 drives the outer extension tube 58 to rotate inside the first ball bearing 74 while rotating itself, and the outer extension tube 58 drives the connecting plate 69, the annular frame 38 and the stirring rod 42 to rotate, and the spiral blades 44 on the stirring shaft 37 push the crushed straw from the right side of the chemical treatment shell 17 to the left side, so that the stirring shaft 37 can stir the crushed straw and chemical reagents. The straw and chemical reagents are initially stirred. When the straw is pushed to the position of the stirring rod 42, the stirring rod 42 is used to make the reagent fully contact with the straw to promote the chemical reaction. The first ball bearing 74 and the second ball bearing 73 ensure the stable rotation of the outer extension tube 58. The third ball bearing 52 ensures the stability of the rotation of the stirring shaft 37. When the chemical treatment is completed, the PLC programmable controller 2 controls the electric telescopic rod 72 to contract, driving the closing plate 41 to move away from the drop port 76. The closing plate 41 can slide inside the stabilizing seat 71 through the bottom stabilizing plate 70, which ensures the limit while further increasing the stability of the movement, so that the material falls into the fermentation shell 12.

[0017] Embodiment 5, on the basis of embodiment 4, as Figure 1-15As shown, the fermentation unit includes a conical head 11, and the inner walls of the fermentation shell 12 are respectively fixedly connected with fourth ball bearings 39, the inner rings of the fourth ball bearings 39 are fixedly connected with the outer surface of the conical head 11, and the third belt 10 is arranged on the outer side of the conical head 11, one end of the third belt 10 is wrapped around the outer surface of the conical head 11, and the other end of the third belt 10 is wrapped around the outer surface of the stirring shaft 37, and the outer surface of the conical head 11 is fixedly connected with a conical spiral sheet 40, and the inner wall of the conical head 11 and the inner wall of the fermentation shell 12 are both fixedly connected with fifth ball bearings 53, and the inner rings of the two fifth ball bearings 53 are commonly fixedly connected with a mixing shaft 43, and the outer surfaces of the mixing shaft 43 are respectively fixedly connected with a mixing frame 54 and a conical frame 55, and the fermentation shell 12 is fixedly connected with the mixing frame 54 and the conical frame 55. A fourth belt 21 is arranged on the outside, one end of the fourth belt 21 is wrapped around the outer surface of the mixing shaft 43, and the other end of the fourth belt 21 is wrapped around the outer surface of the second rotating shaft 18. The inner walls of the chemical treatment shell 17 are respectively fixedly connected with two first temperature sensors 27, two first humidity sensors 22 and two pH sensors 23. The back of the chemical treatment shell 17 is fixedly connected with two support plates 29. The upper surfaces of the two support plates 29 are respectively fixedly connected with an acid reagent storage box 31 and an alkali reagent storage box 7. The left side surface of the acid reagent storage box 31 and the left side surface of the alkali reagent storage box 7 are both fixedly connected with a flow oblique pipe 30. The outer surface of each flow oblique pipe 30 is fixedly connected with a flow regulating valve 28. The inner walls of the fermentation shell 12 are respectively fixedly connected with a flow regulating valve 28. Two second temperature sensors 25 and two second humidity sensors 24 are connected, the front of the fermentation shell 12 is fixedly connected with a water tank 13 and a microorganism strain storage tank 15, the outer surface of the water tank 13 and the outer surface of the microorganism strain storage tank 15 are fixedly connected with a first peristaltic pump 60, the output end of one of the first peristaltic pumps 60 is fixedly connected with a main nozzle 14, the outer surface of the main nozzle 14 is fixedly connected with an extension nozzle 63, the outer surface of the main nozzle 14 and the outer surface of the extension nozzle 63 are fixedly connected with a first solenoid valve 61 and a second solenoid valve 62, one end of the main nozzle 14 and one end of the extension nozzle 63 respectively penetrate into the interior of the chemical treatment shell 17 and the interior of the fermentation shell 12, and the output end of the other first peristaltic pump ... output end of the first peristaltic pump 60 is fixedly connected with a main nozzle 14, the outer surface of the main nozzle 14 is fixedly connected with an extension nozzle 63, the output end of the first peristaltic pump 60 is fixedly connected with a main nozzle 14, the outer surface of the main nozzle 14 and the outer surface The end of the fermentation shell 12 is fixedly connected with a six-way addition nozzle 16, and the end of the six-way addition nozzle 16 away from the first peristaltic pump 60 passes through the interior of the fermentation shell 12. The inner wall of the chemical treatment shell 17 and the inner wall of the fermentation shell 12 are fixedly connected with two heating wires 59. The right side of the fermentation shell 12 is fixedly connected with a second peristaltic pump 19, and the output end of the second peristaltic pump 19 is fixedly connected with a discharge pipe 4. The PLC programmable controller 2 is electrically connected to the variable frequency motor 6, the first peristaltic pump 60, the second peristaltic pump 19, the flow regulating valve 28, the first temperature sensor 27, the first humidity sensor 22, the PH sensor 23, the heating wire 59, the first solenoid valve 61, the second solenoid valve 62, the second temperature sensor 25 and the second humidity sensor 24 through wires.

[0018] In this embodiment, the stirring shaft 37 is rotated, and the third belt 10 drives the conical head 11 to rotate stably inside the fourth ball bearing 39. The conical spiral piece 40 on the conical head 11 can push the material around the conical spiral piece 40 at the bottom of the fermentation shell 12 toward the mixing frame 54, and turn the straw at the same time. At the same time, the second rotating shaft 18 is rotated, and the mixing shaft 43 is driven to rotate inside the fifth ball bearing 53 through the fourth belt 21 to ensure the stability of the rotation. The mixing frame 54 on the mixing shaft 43 stirs the material in all directions. The conical frame 55 is a cone, which can cooperate with the conical head 1 The first temperature sensor 27, the second temperature sensor 25, the first humidity sensor 22, the second humidity sensor 24 and the pH sensor 23 in the chemical treatment shell 17 and the fermentation shell 12 monitor the environmental parameters in real time and feed the data back to the PLC programmable controller 2. If the pH sensor 23 detects that the acidity or alkalinity value in the chemical treatment shell 17 is not up to standard, the PLC programmable controller 2 controls the acid reagent storage tank 31 or the alkaline reagent storage tank 7 to add water through the flow control valve 28 and the circulation inclined pipe 30. Acidic or alkaline reagents are added to adjust the pH. If the internal temperature of the chemical treatment shell 17 and the fermentation shell 12 does not meet the preset standard, the heating wire 59 inside the chemical treatment shell 17 and the fermentation shell 12 is controlled by the PLC programmable controller 2 to heat the inside to ensure that the temperature meets the standard. If it is detected that the internal humidity of the chemical treatment shell 17 and the fermentation shell 12 does not meet the preset threshold, the PLC programmable controller 2 controls the water tank 13 to add moisture through the first peristaltic pump 60, the main nozzle 14 and the extension nozzle 63. The first solenoid valve 61 and the second solenoid valve 62 are respectively set on the main nozzle 14 and the extension nozzle 63. Water can be added to the chemical treatment shell 17 and the fermentation shell 12 respectively through the first solenoid valve 61 and the second solenoid valve 62. When microbial strains need to be added, after the fermentation is completed, the PLC programmable controller 2 controls the second peristaltic pump 19 to run another first peristaltic pump 60, and the microbial strains in the microbial strain storage box 15 are evenly added to the fermentation shell 12 through the six-way adding nozzle 16, so as to facilitate the mixed fermentation of straw and microbial strains. During the fermentation process, it needs to stand for a certain period of time, and finally the fermentation product is discharged through the discharge pipe 4, so as to realize the precise control and automatic operation of the fermentation process.

[0019] Working principle: first connect the frequency conversion motor 6, the first peristaltic pump 60, the second peristaltic pump 19, the flow regulating valve 28 and the heating wire 59 to the power supply, and the outer shell 1 can protect the entire device. First, the straw enters the crushing shell 3 through the feed port. After the frequency conversion motor 6 is started, it drives the central shaft 35 to rotate through the connecting shaft 46, and the sun gear 47 on the central shaft 35 rotates accordingly, meshing with the three planetary gears 48, so that the planetary gears 48 rotate around their own axes respectively, and then drive the first rotating shaft 34, the second rotating shaft 18 and the third rotating shaft 32 to rotate, and the crushing head 51 thereon rotates at high speed to crush the straw. The fixed frame 5 and the first bearing 49 can support and fix the central shaft 35, and the three sets of second bearings 36 can respectively support and fix the first rotating shaft 34, the second rotating shaft 18 and the third rotating shaft 32. The driving shaft 34, the second rotating shaft 18 and the third rotating shaft 32 ensure the rotation stability and accuracy. The annular shell 50 cooperates with the fixing frame 5 to stabilize the internal structure. When the first rotating shaft 34 rotates, the inner rotating shaft 68 is driven to rotate through the first belt 33. The first bevel gear 65 on the inner rotating shaft 68 is meshed with the second bevel gear 66 at one end of the cutting wheel 45. Under the support of the fifth bearing 67, the cutting wheel 45 rotates on the central shaft 35. The third bearing 26 and the fourth bearing 64 ensure the stable rotation of the inner rotating shaft 68. The cutting wheel 45 further cuts and refines the initially crushed straw, and cooperates with the crushing head 51 to improve the crushing fineness. The crushed material falls into the chemical treatment shell 17, and the rotation of the third rotating shaft 32 is used to drive the stirring shaft 3 through the second belt 20. 7 rotates, the transmission gear 75 on the stirring shaft 37 meshes with the inner gear ring 77 on the inner wall of the outer extension tube 58, so that the stirring shaft 37 rotates itself and drives the outer extension tube 58 to rotate in the first ball bearing 74. The outer extension tube 58 drives the connecting plate 69, the annular frame 38 and the stirring rod 42 to rotate. The spiral blade 44 on the stirring shaft 37 pushes the crushed straw from the right side to the left side of the chemical treatment shell 17. In this process, the stirring rod 42 cooperates with the stirring rod 42 to perform preliminary stirring on the straw and the chemical reagent. When the straw reaches the position of the stirring rod 42, the stirring rod 42 makes the reagent fully contact with the straw to promote the chemical reaction. The first ball bearing 74 and the second ball bearing 73 ensure that the outer extension tube 58 rotates stably, and the third ball bearing 52 ensures the stable rotation of the stirring shaft 37. Qualitatively, the first temperature sensor 27, the first humidity sensor 22 and the PH sensor 23 in the chemical treatment shell 17 monitor the environmental parameters in real time and feed back to the PLC programmable controller 2. If the PH sensor 23 detects that the acidity or alkalinity value does not meet the standard, the PLC programmable controller 2 controls the acid reagent storage tank 31 or the alkali reagent storage tank 7 to add reagents through the flow control valve 28 and the flow inclined tube 30 to adjust the pH. If the temperature does not meet the preset standard, the PLC programmable controller 2 controls the heating wire 59 to heat the interior. If the humidity does not meet the preset threshold, the PLC programmable controller 2 controls the water tank 13 through the first peristaltic pump 60, the main nozzle 14 and the extension nozzle 63, and uses the first solenoid valve 61 to add moisture to the inside of the chemical treatment shell 17.The temperature, moisture and pH value in the chemical treatment process are controlled. When the chemical treatment is completed, the PLC programmable controller 2 controls the electric telescopic rod 72 to contract, driving the closing plate 41 to move away from the drop port 76. The closing plate 41 slides in the stable seat 71 through the bottom stabilizing plate 70 to ensure the movement stability. At the same time, the stabilizing plate 70 and the stable seat 71 are sealed and slidably connected, which can effectively ensure the internal sealing of the fermentation box 17. The material falls into the fermentation shell 12. In the fermentation shell 12, the stirring shaft 37 rotates, and the cone head 11 is driven by the third belt 10 on the fourth ball bearing. 39, the conical spiral blade 40 on the conical head 11 pushes the materials around the bottom toward the mixing frame 54 and turns the straw. At the same time, the second rotating shaft 18 rotates, and the mixing shaft 43 is driven to rotate in the fifth ball bearing 53 through the fourth belt 21. The mixing frame 54 on the mixing shaft 43 stirs the materials in all directions. The conical frame 55 cooperates with the conical head 11 and the conical spiral blade 40 to concentrate the materials in the middle of the fermentation shell 12, so that the materials are fully mixed. The second temperature sensor 25 and the second humidity sensor 24 in the fermentation shell 12 monitor the environmental parameters in real time and feed them back to the PL C programmable controller 2, if the temperature does not reach the preset standard, PLC programmable controller 2 controls the heating wire 59 to heat the interior, if the humidity does not reach the preset threshold, PLC programmable controller 2 controls the water tank 13 through the first peristaltic pump 60, the main nozzle 14 and the extension nozzle 63, using the second solenoid valve 62 to add water to the fermentation shell 12, when microbial strains need to be added during the fermentation stage, PLC programmable controller 2 controls another first peristaltic pump 60 to evenly add the microbial strains in the microbial strain storage box 15 to the fermentation shell 12 through the six-way addition nozzle 16 Inside the shell 12, after fermentation is completed, the PLC programmable controller 2 controls the second peristaltic pump 19 to discharge the fermentation product through the discharge pipe 4. In addition, the fourth ball bearing 39 and the conical head 11, and the second ball bearing 53 and the mixing shaft 43 are all sealed. A closing plate 41 is provided at the connection between the chemical treatment shell 17 and the fermentation shell 12, which ensures the sealing of the feed of the fermentation shell 12, and can effectively maintain good sealing during the fermentation process of the fermentation shell 12, creating a good sealed fermentation environment for the microbial strains and the straw, and preventing leakage during the fermentation process.

[0020] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0021] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A straw pretreatment fermentation device, characterized in that: The invention comprises an outer shell (1), wherein a crushing shell (3), a chemical treatment shell (17) and a fermentation shell (12) are respectively arranged inside the outer shell (1), wherein the bottom surface and the top surface of the chemical treatment shell (17) are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the crushing shell (3) and the top surface of the fermentation shell (12), wherein a PLC programmable controller (2) is fixedly connected to the front surface of the outer shell (1), and a crushing unit, a chemical treatment unit and a fermentation unit are respectively arranged inside the outer shell (1).

2. A straw pretreatment and fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulverizing unit comprises an annular shell (50), the outer surface of the annular shell (50) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pulverizing shell (3), three fixing frames (5) are arranged inside the pulverizing shell (3), the outer surfaces of two of the fixing frames (5) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the annular shell (50), and the outer surface of another fixing frame (5) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pulverizing shell (3), the upper surface of the chemical treatment shell (17) is fixedly connected to a motor frame (8), the upper surface of the motor frame (8) is fixedly connected to a variable frequency motor (6), the output end of the variable frequency motor (6) is fixedly connected to a connecting shaft (46), the inner wall of each fixing frame (5) is fixedly connected to a first bearing (49), the inner rings of the three first bearings (49) are fixedly connected to a central shaft (35), and the connecting shaft (46) One end of the central shaft (35) is fixedly connected to one end of the central shaft (35); a sun gear (47) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the central shaft (35); three planetary gears (48) are meshed on the outer surface of the sun gear (47); the inner walls of the three planetary gears (48) are respectively provided with a first rotating shaft (34), a second rotating shaft (18) and a third rotating shaft (32); the outer surfaces of the first rotating shaft (34), the second rotating shaft (18) and the third rotating shaft (32) are fixedly connected to three second bearings (36); the outer surface of each second bearing (36) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing frame (5); and the outer surfaces of the first rotating shaft (34), the second rotating shaft (18) and the third rotating shaft (32) are fixedly connected to a plurality of crushing heads (51).

3. A straw pretreatment fermentation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the central shaft (35) is fixedly connected to a third bearing (26) and a fourth bearing (64), respectively; the inner ring of the third bearing (26) and the inner ring of the fourth bearing (64) are fixedly connected to an inner rotating shaft (68); a first belt (33) is arranged on the outer side of the pulverizing shell (3); one end of the first belt (33) is wrapped around the first rotating shaft (34); the other end of the first belt (33) is wrapped around the outer surface of the inner rotating shaft (68); six first bevel gears (65) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the inner rotating shaft (68); six groups of fifth bearings (67) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the central shaft (35); the number of the fifth bearings (67) in each group is three; the inner ring of each fifth bearing (67) is fixedly connected to a cutting wheel (45); one end of each cutting wheel (45) is fixedly connected to a second bevel gear (66); the outer surface of each second bevel gear (66) is meshed with the outer surface of the first bevel gear (65).

4. A straw pretreatment and fermentation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The chemical treatment unit comprises a mounting shell (9), the outer surface of the mounting shell (9) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the chemical treatment shell (17), the inner wall of the mounting shell (9) is respectively fixedly connected to a first ball bearing (74) and a second ball bearing (73), the inner wall of the chemical treatment shell (17) is fixedly connected to a third ball bearing (52), the inner ring of the first ball bearing (74) and the inner ring of the second ball bearing (73) are respectively fixedly connected to an outer extension tube (58) and a reinforcement ring (78), the inner wall of the reinforcement ring (78) and the inner ring of the third ball bearing (52) are jointly fixedly connected to a stirring shaft (37), the outer surface of the stirring shaft (37) is respectively fixedly connected to a transmission gear (75) and a spiral blade (44), the inner wall of the outer extension tube (58) is fixedly connected to an inner gear ring (77), the inner wall of the transmission gear (75) is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the transmission gear (75), and the inner ring of the transmission gear (75) is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the transmission gear (75). The outer surface is meshed with the inner wall of the inner gear ring (77); the right end of the outer extension tube (58) is fixedly connected to six connecting plates (69); two annular frames (38) are arranged inside the chemical treatment shell (17); the right end of each connecting plate (69) is fixedly connected to the left side of one of the annular frames (38); a stirring rod (42) is fixedly connected to the side surfaces of the two annular frames (38) close to each other; a plurality of movable shells (56) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of each stirring shaft (37); a movable shaft (57) is rotatably connected to the interior of each movable shell (56); a second belt (20) is arranged on the outer side of the chemical treatment shell (17); one end of the second belt (20) is wrapped around the third rotating shaft (32); and the other end of the second belt (20) is wrapped around the outer surface of the stirring shaft (37).

5. A straw pretreatment and fermentation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the chemical treatment shell (17) is provided with a blanking opening (76), and the inner wall of the chemical treatment shell (17) is fixedly connected with an electric telescopic rod (72) and two stabilizing seats (71), each of the stabilizing seats (71) is slidably connected with a stabilizing plate (70), and the upper surfaces of the two stabilizing plates (70) are fixedly connected with a closing plate (41), and the outer surface of the closing plate (41) is snap-fitted with the inside of the blanking opening (76), and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod (72) is fixedly connected with the right side surface of the closing plate (41).

6. A straw pretreatment and fermentation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fermentation unit comprises a conical head (11), the inner walls of the fermentation shell (12) are respectively fixedly connected to fourth ball bearings (39), the inner rings of the fourth ball bearings (39) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the conical head (11), a third belt (10) is arranged on the outer side of the conical head (11), one end of the third belt (10) is wrapped around the outer surface of the conical head (11), the other end of the third belt (10) is wrapped around the outer surface of the stirring shaft (37), the outer surface of the conical head (11) is fixedly connected to a conical spiral sheet (40), and the The inner wall of the conical head (11) and the inner wall of the fermentation shell (12) are both fixedly connected with a fifth ball bearing (53); the inner rings of the two fifth ball bearings (53) are commonly fixedly connected with a mixing shaft (43); the outer surfaces of the mixing shaft (43) are respectively fixedly connected with a mixing frame (54) and a conical frame (55); a fourth belt (21) is arranged on the outer side of the fermentation shell (12); one end of the fourth belt (21) is wrapped around the outer surface of the mixing shaft (43); and the other end of the fourth belt (21) is wrapped around the outer surface of the second rotating shaft (18).

7. A straw pretreatment and fermentation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two first temperature sensors (27), two first humidity sensors (22) and two pH sensors (23) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the chemical treatment shell (17), two support plates (29) are fixedly connected to the back of the chemical treatment shell (17), and the upper surfaces of the two support plates (29) are fixedly connected to an acid reagent storage box (31) and an alkali reagent storage box (7), respectively. The left side surface of the acid reagent storage box (31) and the left side surface of the alkali reagent storage box (7) are fixedly connected to a flow inclined tube (30), and the outer surface of each of the flow inclined tubes (30) is fixedly connected to a flow regulating valve ( 28), the inner wall of the fermentation shell (12) is respectively fixedly connected with two second temperature sensors (25) and two second humidity sensors (24), the front surface of the fermentation shell (12) is respectively fixedly connected with a water tank (13) and a microorganism strain storage tank (15), the outer surface of the water tank (13) and the outer surface of the microorganism strain storage tank (15) are both fixedly connected with a first peristaltic pump (60), one of the output ends of the first peristaltic pump (60) is fixedly connected with a main nozzle (14), the outer surface of the main nozzle (14) is fixedly connected with an extension nozzle (63), and the outer surface of the main nozzle (14) is The outer surfaces of the main nozzle (14) and the extension nozzle (63) are respectively fixedly connected to a first solenoid valve (61) and a second solenoid valve (62); one end of the main nozzle (14) and one end of the extension nozzle (63) respectively penetrate into the interior of the chemical treatment shell (17) and the interior of the fermentation shell (12); the output end of the other first peristaltic pump (60) is fixedly connected to a six-way addition nozzle (16); one end of the six-way addition nozzle (16) away from the first peristaltic pump (60) penetrates into the interior of the fermentation shell (12); the inner wall of the chemical treatment shell (17) and the inner wall of the fermentation shell (12) are both fixedly connected to two heating wires ( 59), the right side surface of the fermentation shell (12) is fixedly connected to a second peristaltic pump (19), the output end of the second peristaltic pump (19) is fixedly connected to a discharge pipe (4), and the PLC programmable controller (2) is electrically connected to the variable frequency motor (6), the first peristaltic pump (60), the second peristaltic pump (19), the flow regulating valve (28), the first temperature sensor (27), the first humidity sensor (22), the pH sensor (23), the heating wire (59), the first solenoid valve (61), the second solenoid valve (62), the second temperature sensor (25) and the second humidity sensor (24) through wires.

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