Extreme-performance forming and manufacturing method for multiple heterogeneous structures of high-carbon-chromium bearing

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-heterogeneous structure extreme performance forming manufacturing method for a high-carbon-chromium bearing, and relates to the field of bearing manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: in response to multiple heterogeneous structure construction operation for a rolled ring piece, introducing a gradient strain state corresponding to the rolled ring piece by adopting radial-axial rolling in a rolling process; gradient components corresponding to the rolled ring piece are introduced through carbonitriding heat treatment; introducing a gradient phase structure corresponding to the rolled ring piece by adopting martensite-martensite step quenching; and according to the gradient strain state, the gradient components and the gradient phase structure, a multiple heterogeneous structure corresponding to the rolled ring piece is constructed. The problem that according to the high-carbon-chromium bearing structure state obtained through an existing regulation and control means, it is difficult to synergistically improve the ultrahigh surface wear resistance and the good matrix toughness at the same time is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of bearing manufacturing, and in particular to a method for forming and manufacturing a high-carbon chromium bearing with multiple heterogeneous structures and extreme performance. Background Art

[0002] Bearings are core components of high-end equipment such as aviation, aerospace, and industrial mother machines, and directly determine the performance of the equipment. As the operating conditions of high-end equipment become more complicated and the performance becomes more extreme, bearings face more severe working conditions such as high speed, heavy load, and impact, requiring bearings to have both ultra-high wear resistance and excellent toughness. How to achieve wear resistance / toughness coordinated manufacturing of high-carbon chromium bearings has become an international problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] In order to meet the requirement of ultra-high wear resistance of bearing surface under extreme high-speed conditions, existing manufacturing often uses surface chemical treatment for surface regulation, which effectively improves the surface hardness and wear resistance, but the toughness of the bearing matrix cannot be improved; in order to meet the requirement of good toughness of the bearing matrix under extreme impact conditions, existing manufacturing introduces tough phase bainite for regulation through isothermal quenching heat treatment, which effectively improves the toughness of the bearing, but this will lead to a decrease in the surface hardness of the bearing. It can be seen that the high-carbon chromium bearing tissue state obtained by the above two existing regulation methods is difficult to take into account the synergistic improvement of ultra-high wear resistance of the surface and good toughness of the matrix.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a forming and manufacturing method for high-carbon chromium bearings with multiple heterogeneous structures and extreme performance. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a method for forming and manufacturing high-carbon chromium bearings with multiple heterogeneous structures and extreme performance, which solves the problem that the high-carbon chromium bearing structure state obtained by existing control means is difficult to achieve both ultra-high surface wear resistance and synergistic improvement of good toughness of the matrix.

[0006] In the first aspect of the present application, a method for forming and manufacturing a high-carbon chromium bearing with multiple heterogeneous structures and extreme performance is provided, the method comprising: in response to a multiple heterogeneous structure construction operation for a rolled ring, introducing a gradient strain state corresponding to the rolled ring by radial-axial rolling during the rolling process; introducing a gradient component corresponding to the rolled ring by carbonitriding heat treatment; introducing a gradient phase structure corresponding to the rolled ring by Mapei graded quenching; and constructing the multiple heterogeneous structures corresponding to the rolled ring according to the gradient strain state, gradient component and gradient phase structure.

[0007] Optionally, radial-axial rolling is used to introduce a gradient strain state corresponding to the rolled ring, specifically including: controlling the core roller to perform feed movement at a preset radial feed speed to control the wall thickness of the rolled ring; controlling the tapered roller to perform feed movement at a preset axial feed speed to control the height of the rolled ring; inducing a gradient strain state during the rolling process according to the preset radial feed speed and the preset axial feed speed.

[0008] Optionally, the preset radial feed speed and the preset axial feed speed are calculated according to the following formula:

[0009]

[0010] Among them, v r is the preset radial feed speed, n1 is the drive shaft speed, R1 is the drive roller working radius, Δh r Δh is the reduction in wall thickness of the rolled ring when the core roller rotates one circle a It is the height reduction of the rolled ring when the tapered roller rotates one circle, and R is the instantaneous outer radius of the rolled ring during the rolling process.

[0011] Optionally, a carbonitriding heat treatment is used to introduce a gradient component corresponding to the rolled ring, specifically including: loading the rolled ring into a carbonitriding furnace, and adding a protective gas to exclude air in the carbonitriding furnace; determining the ammonia flow rate in the carbonitriding furnace according to the carbon potential and the workpiece size of the rolled ring; obtaining a preset co-diffusion temperature and a target penetration depth, and calculating the carbonitriding time corresponding to the rolled ring according to the ammonia flow rate, the preset co-diffusion temperature and the carbon potential; performing a carbonitriding heat treatment on the rolled ring according to the preset co-diffusion temperature and the carbonitriding time to introduce the gradient component corresponding to the rolled ring.

[0012] Optionally, before loading the rolled ring into the carbonitriding furnace and removing the air in the carbonitriding furnace by adding protective gas, the method also includes: pre-treating the rolled ring, the pre-treatment including ring surface cleaning and equipment inspection, the ring surface cleaning including ring surface burr cleaning and ring surface oil cleaning, the equipment inspection including temperature instrument inspection and flow meter inspection; loading the pre-treated rolled ring into the carbonitriding furnace, and removing the air in the carbonitriding furnace by adding protective gas.

[0013] Optionally, determining the ammonia flow rate in the carbonitriding furnace according to the carbon potential and the workpiece size of the rolled ring specifically includes: calculating the ammonia flow rate according to the following formula:

[0014] Q NH3 =k1×A×t;

[0015] Among them, Q NH3 is the ammonia flow rate, k1 is the first correction coefficient, which is determined according to the workpiece material type of the rolled ring, and its value range is [0.2, 0.5]. A is the surface area of ​​the rolled ring, and t is the carbonitriding time.

[0016] Optionally, a preset co-diffusion temperature and a target penetration depth are obtained, and the carbonitriding time corresponding to the rolled ring is calculated according to the ammonia flow rate, the preset co-diffusion temperature and the carbon potential, specifically including: calculating the carbonitriding time according to the following formula:

[0017]

[0018] Wherein, t is the carbonitriding time, D is the target penetration depth, A is the surface area of ​​the rolled ring, k2 is the second correction coefficient, which is determined according to the workpiece material type of the rolled ring and has a value range of [0.01, 0.03], and T is the preset co-infiltration temperature. is the ammonia flow rate, C p is the carbon potential, which is determined according to the workpiece size of the rolled ring, and its value range is [1%, 1.3%].

[0019] Optionally, Mapei graded quenching is used to introduce a gradient phase structure corresponding to the rolled ring, specifically including: setting the austenitizing temperature and the austenitizing time, and placing the rolled ring in a high-temperature box furnace for austenitizing treatment according to the austenitizing temperature and the austenitizing time; setting the isothermal quenching time and the isothermal quenching temperature, and placing the rolled ring in a low-temperature salt bath furnace for isothermal quenching treatment according to the isothermal quenching time and the isothermal quenching temperature; introducing the gradient phase structure corresponding to the rolled ring according to the austenitizing treatment and the isothermal quenching treatment.

[0020] Optionally, setting the austenitizing temperature and the austenitizing time specifically includes: calculating the austenitizing temperature and the austenitizing time according to the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] The austenitizing temperature includes the austenitizing temperature of hypoeutectoid steel and the austenitizing temperature of eutectoid steel and hypereutectoid steel. A1 is the austenitizing temperature of hypoeutectoid steel, T A2 A is the austenitizing temperature of eutectoid steel and hypereutectoid steel, c1 is the austenite transformation starting temperature, A c2 is the austenite transformation termination temperature, T is the preset temperature range, the value range is [30℃, 50℃], D is the effective thickness of the rolled ring, s1 is the heating coefficient, when the rolled ring is carbon steel and alloy steel, the value range of the heating coefficient is [1, 1.5], when the rolled ring is high-speed steel and alloy steel, the value range of the heating coefficient is [0.3, 0.5], s2 is the furnace charging correction coefficient, the value range of the furnace charging correction coefficient is [1, 2].

[0023] Optionally, setting the austempering time and the austempering temperature specifically includes: calculating the austempering time according to the hardness of the rolled ring by the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, t B is the isothermal quenching time, kB is the correction factor for the austempering time, the value range of the correction factor for the austempering time is [1,2], D is the effective thickness of the rolled ring, HRC is the hardness of the rolled ring after austempering, and HRC0 is the hardness of the rolled ring before austempering. According to the workpiece material type of the rolled ring, the austempering temperature is calculated by the following formula:

[0026] T B =670-270C-90Mn-37Ni-70Cr-83Mo;

[0027] Among them, T B is the austempering temperature, and the alloy elements C, Mn, Cr and Mo in the formula are the proportions of the elements in the rolled ring.

[0028] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0029] 1. During the rolling process, radial-axial rolling is used to introduce the gradient strain state corresponding to the rolled ring to refine the surface grains of the rolled ring, and carbonitriding heat treatment is used to introduce the gradient component corresponding to the rolled ring. Then, Mapei graded quenching is used to introduce the gradient phase structure corresponding to the rolled ring. According to the gradient strain state, the gradient component and the gradient phase structure, multiple heterogeneous structures are constructed in the rolled ring to meet the extreme performance requirements under extreme service conditions of the bearing, thereby taking into account the synergistic improvement of the ultra-high wear resistance of the surface and the good toughness of the matrix.

[0030] 2. The gradient strain state promotes the penetration of carbon and nitrogen, and a reasonable carbon and nitrogen gradient composition distribution is formed on the surface of the rolled ring through chemical heat treatment; chemical heat treatment introduces carbon and nitrogen compounds on the surface of the rolled ring to obtain a high hardness and high wear-resistant rolled ring surface; at the same time, the carbon and nitrogen gradient distribution provides favorable conditions for the introduction of gradient structure by Mapei graded quenching.

[0031] 3. Under the condition of carbon-nitrogen gradient composition distribution on the surface of the rolled ring, Mapei complex phase gradient structure is further obtained through Mapei graded quenching. The introduction of bainite can effectively improve the toughness of the core of the bearing and achieve the synergistic effect of wear-resistant surface and high toughness of the core. Since bainite is formed in the carbon-poor area, under the influence of carbon gradient distribution, the rolled ring forms a bainite volume fraction gradient distribution. Nitrogen can effectively promote bainite refinement. Under the influence of nitrogen gradient distribution, the rolled ring forms a bainite width gradient distribution, and the toughness gradually increases from the surface to the core. Finally, a multiple heterogeneous structure of gradient grain size-gradient carbon-nitrogen composition-gradient Mapei complex phase structure is constructed to meet the extreme performance requirements under extreme bearing service conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for forming and manufacturing a high-carbon chromium bearing with multiple heterogeneous structures and extreme performances provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of gradient component distribution provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of gradient tissue distribution provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to enable technicians in this field to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments.

[0036] The terms used in the following embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to be used as limitations to the present application. As used in the specification of the present application, the singular expressions "one", "a kind of", "said", "above", "the" and "this" are intended to also include plural expressions, unless there is a clear indication to the contrary in the context. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in the present application refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more listed items.

[0037] In the following, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as suggesting or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features, and in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0038] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] The present invention proposes a high-carbon chromium bearing multiple heterogeneous structure extreme performance forming and manufacturing method, which introduces a gradient strain state by rolling the ring through physical means, refines the surface grains of the ring, uses chemical means to perform carbonitriding heat treatment on the ring to introduce gradient components, and introduces gradient phase structure through Mapei graded quenching, constructs multiple heterogeneous structures in the ring, and meets the extreme performance requirements of the bearing under extreme service conditions. The specific steps are as follows.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1, which shows a schematic flow chart of a high-carbon chromium bearing multiple heterogeneous structure extreme performance forming and manufacturing method provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the flow chart mainly includes the following steps: S101 to S104.

[0041] Step S101, in response to the multiple heterogeneous structure construction operation for the rolled ring, radial-axial rolling is used to introduce a gradient strain state corresponding to the rolled ring during the rolling process.

[0042] Specifically, any rolled ring is taken as an example for explanation. The rolled ring is a high-carbon chromium bearing. During the rolling process, radial-axial rolling is used to introduce a gradient strain state corresponding to the rolled ring. It includes a blanking-rolling-inspection process. Blanking: After cleaning the rolled ring blank, place it on a radial-axial ring rolling machine for rolling. Rolling: Control the core roller to feed at a preset radial feed speed to control the wall thickness of the rolled ring, and control the cone roller to feed at a preset axial feed speed to control the height of the rolled ring. During the rolling process, the gradient strain state is induced according to the preset radial feed speed and the preset axial feed speed. The preset radial feed speed and the preset axial feed speed are calculated according to the following formula:

[0043]

[0044] Among them, v r is the preset radial feed speed, n1 is the driving shaft speed, R1 is the driving roller working radius, Δh r Δh is the reduction in wall thickness of the rolled ring when the core roller rotates one circle. a is the height reduction of the rolled ring when the cone roller rotates one circle, and R is the instantaneous outer radius of the rolled ring during the rolling process. Inspection: After rolling is completed, the rolled ring is first inspected for appearance to ensure that there are no obvious defects on its surface, such as cracks, indentations or oxide layers; then the dimensions of the rolled ring are inspected using precision measuring instruments, especially the uniformity of wall thickness and height, to ensure that they meet the design requirements. For the measurement of wall thickness and height, high-precision equipment such as laser measuring instruments and ultrasonic thickness gauges can be used to ensure the geometric shape and dimensional accuracy of the rolled ring. In addition, it is also necessary to check whether the strain state of the rolled ring meets expectations. The microstructure of the rolled ring can be observed through a metallographic microscope to confirm whether there is grain refinement and grain morphology changes caused by gradient strain. If necessary, a hardness test is performed to ensure that the hardness gradient of the rolled ring at different parts meets the requirements.

[0045] Step S102, introducing a gradient component corresponding to the rolled ring by carbonitriding heat treatment.

[0046] Specifically, the rolled rings are subjected to carbonitriding heat treatment to introduce gradient components and form a carbon-nitrogen concentration gradient distribution, which includes a preparation-charging-exhaust-carbonitriding process. Preparation: The rolled rings are subjected to pretreatment, and the pretreatment includes ring surface cleaning and equipment inspection. The ring surface cleaning includes, but is not limited to, ring surface burr cleaning, ring surface oil cleaning, etc. The equipment inspection includes, but is not limited to, temperature instrument inspection, flow meter inspection, etc. Loading: The rolled rings subjected to the pretreatment are loaded into the carbonitriding furnace. Exhaust: A protective gas is added to the carbonitriding furnace to exclude air from the carbonitriding furnace to prevent oxidation of the surface of the rolled rings. Carbonitriding: The furnace temperature is raised to the carbonitriding temperature. At the same time, the placement of the rolled rings and the fixtures in the furnace should ensure that the furnace gas flows evenly between the parts, so that the composition around the workpiece is consistent and the temperature is uniform. The ammonia flow rate in the carbonitriding furnace is determined according to the carbon potential and the workpiece size of the rolled ring; the preset co-diffusion temperature and the target penetration depth are obtained, and the carbonitriding time corresponding to the rolled ring is calculated according to the ammonia flow rate, the preset co-diffusion temperature and the carbon potential, wherein the carbonitriding temperature is selected according to the ring material and the target performance. The target performance is that low-temperature carbonitriding (500°C to 600°C) is selected for wear resistance, medium-temperature carbonitriding (700°C to 800°C) is selected for medium-high carbon steel and alloy steel, and high-temperature carbonitriding (900°C to 950°C) is selected for carbon tool steel and high-speed steel. Then, the ammonia flow rate is calculated according to the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] in, is the ammonia flow rate, k1 is the first correction coefficient, which is determined according to the workpiece material type of the rolled ring and has a value range of [0.2, 0.5], A is the surface area of ​​the rolled ring, and t is the carbonitriding time; the rolled ring is subjected to the carbonitriding heat treatment according to the preset carbonitriding temperature and the carbonitriding time to introduce the gradient component corresponding to the rolled ring. The carbonitriding time is calculated according to the following formula:

[0049]

[0050] Wherein, t is the carbonitriding time, D is the target penetration depth, A is the surface area of ​​the rolled ring, k2 is the second correction coefficient, which is determined according to the workpiece material type of the rolled ring and has a value range of [0.01, 0.03], and T is the preset co-infiltration temperature. is the ammonia flow rate, C p is the carbon potential, which is determined according to the workpiece size of the rolled ring, and has a value interval of [1%, 1.3%].

[0051] Step S103, using Mapei graded quenching to introduce a gradient phase structure corresponding to the rolled ring.

[0052] Specifically, Mapei graded quenching is used to introduce a gradient phase structure, including austenitizing-salt bath austempering-isothermal quenching-oil quenching-tempering process. Austenitizing: Before the test, the oil stains on the surface of the rolled ring are removed, and the ring is placed in a high-temperature box furnace for austenitizing. The austenitizing temperature and austenitizing time are set, and according to the austenitizing temperature and the austenitizing time, the rolled ring is placed in a high-temperature box furnace for austenitizing treatment. The austenitizing temperature and the austenitizing time are calculated according to the following formula:

[0053]

[0054] The austenitizing temperature includes the austenitizing temperature of hypoeutectoid steel and the austenitizing temperature of eutectoid steel and hypereutectoid steel, T A1 is the austenitizing temperature of the hypoeutectoid steel, T A2 is the austenitizing temperature of the eutectoid steel and hypereutectoid steel, A c1 is the austenite transformation starting temperature, A c2 is the austenite transformation termination temperature, T is the preset temperature range, the value range is [30℃, 50℃], D is the effective thickness of the rolled ring, s1 is the heating coefficient, when the rolled ring is carbon steel and alloy steel, the value range of the heating coefficient is [1, 1.5], when the rolled ring is high-speed steel and alloy steel, the value range of the heating coefficient is [0.3, 0.5], s2 is the furnace charging correction coefficient, the value range of the furnace charging correction coefficient is [1, 2]. Isothermal quenching: After austenitization, the rolled ring is promptly taken out and placed in a low-temperature salt bath furnace for isothermal quenching treatment. The isothermal quenching time and the isothermal quenching temperature are set, and according to the isothermal quenching time and the isothermal quenching temperature, the rolled ring is placed in a low-temperature salt bath furnace for isothermal quenching treatment. According to the hardness of the rolled ring, the isothermal quenching time is calculated by the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, t B is the isothermal quenching time, k B is the austempering time correction coefficient, the value interval of the austempering time correction coefficient is [1,2], D is the effective thickness of the rolled ring, HRC is the hardness of the rolled ring after the austempering treatment, and HRC0 is the hardness of the rolled ring before the austempering treatment;

[0057] According to the workpiece material type of the rolled ring, the austempering temperature is calculated by the following formula:

[0058] T B =670-270C-90Mn-37Ni-70Cr-83Mo;

[0059] Among them, T B is the austempering temperature, and the alloying elements C, Mn, Cr, and Mo in the formula are the proportions of the element contents in the rolled ring. Oil quenching: After the austempering process is completed, the rolled ring is taken out and quenched into a large oil tank for oil quenching. Tempering: After the salt on the surface of the rolled ring condenses and crystallizes, take it out, put it in warm water, wash it and dry it. The bearing is then placed in a tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering at 150 to 160°C for 2 hours. This process requires that the temperature in the tempering furnace be uniform. According to the austenitizing treatment and the austempering treatment, the gradient phase structure corresponding to the rolled ring is introduced.

[0060] Step S104, constructing the multiple heterogeneous structures corresponding to the rolled ring according to the gradient strain state, the gradient composition and the gradient phase structure.

[0061] Specifically, a gradient strain state is introduced into the ring by physical means, the surface grains of the ring are refined, the ring is subjected to carbonitriding heat treatment by chemical means to introduce gradient components, and a gradient phase structure is introduced by Mapei graded quenching, and the multiple heterogeneous structures corresponding to the rolled ring are constructed, thereby meeting the extreme performance requirements under extreme bearing service conditions.

[0062] For example, for aircraft engine bearings made of GCr15 (the effective thickness of the ring is 8 mm), the extreme performance forming and manufacturing method of high carbon chromium bearings with multiple heterogeneous structures is as follows:

[0063] After cleaning and deburring, the ring blank is placed on the radial-axial ring rolling machine for rolling. During the rolling process, the radial feed speed of the core roller is 0.5 mm / s, and the axial feed speed of the axial cone roller is 0.2 mm / s. After rolling, the diameter and height of the ring are inspected.

[0064] Before the test, remove the burrs and oil stains on the surface of the ring to ensure that the surface of the ring is clean. Then check whether the temperature instrument, flow meter, etc. are normal. After the inspection, the ring is loaded into the furnace, and the air in the furnace is removed as much as possible with protective gas to prevent oxidation of the surface of the part. The ammonia flow rate in the carbonitriding heat treatment is 1.5NL / min, and the carbon potential is 1.2%. Then raise the furnace temperature to the co-penetration temperature. At the same time, the placement of the ring and the fixture in the furnace should ensure that the furnace gas flows evenly between the parts, so that the composition around the workpiece is consistent and the temperature is uniform. The carbonitriding temperature is 850℃ and the time is 300min. After the carbonitriding is completed, take out the ring and air cool it.

[0065] Before the test, the oil stains on the surface of the ring were removed and the ring was placed in a high-temperature box furnace for austenitization at a temperature of 850°C for 20 minutes. The austenitized ring was promptly taken out and placed in a low-temperature salt bath furnace for Mapei graded quenching treatment at a temperature of 240°C for 30 minutes. After completion, the bearing ring was quickly taken out and quenched into the oil tank for oil quenching. The ring was then placed in a tempering furnace and tempered at 160°C for 2 hours.

[0066] Please refer to Figure 2 , which shows a schematic diagram of gradient component distribution provided in the embodiment of the present application. The microstructure observation of the ring obtained in the above example shows that the ring forms multiple heterogeneous structures, and the carbon and nitrogen concentration decreases with increasing depth, thereby forming Figure 2 The gradient component distribution is shown. Please refer to Figure 3 , which shows a schematic diagram of a gradient tissue distribution provided in an embodiment of the present application, the volume fraction of bainite increases with increasing depth, and the width of bainite increases with increasing depth, forming a gradient tissue distribution diagram as shown in FIG. Figure 3 The gradient tissue distribution is shown. The mechanical properties of the rings were tested and it was found that the wear rate of the rings obtained in the above example was 65% lower than that of the traditional heat treatment. This shows that the bearing multi-heterogeneous tissue constructed by the present invention based on the fusion of chemical and physical means can achieve a gradient distribution of components and tissues, thereby meeting the demand for extreme performance under extreme service conditions of the bearing.

[0067] The present application adopts the above method, and introduces the gradient strain state corresponding to the rolled ring by radial-axial rolling during the rolling process to refine the surface grains of the ring, and introduces the gradient component corresponding to the rolled ring by carbonitriding heat treatment, and then adopts Mapei graded quenching to introduce the gradient phase structure corresponding to the rolled ring, so as to construct multiple heterogeneous structures in the ring according to the gradient strain state, the gradient component and the gradient phase structure, so as to meet the extreme performance requirements under extreme service conditions of the bearing, thereby taking into account the synergistic improvement of ultra-high surface wear resistance and good toughness of the matrix.

[0068] The above are only exemplary embodiments disclosed in this application, and the scope of the disclosure of this application cannot be limited by this. That is, any equivalent changes and modifications made according to the teachings disclosed in this application are still within the scope of the disclosure of this application. After considering the disclosure of the specification and the truth of practice, those skilled in the art will easily think of other implementation schemes disclosed in this application.

[0069] This application is intended to cover any modifications, uses or adaptive changes disclosed in this application, which follow the general principles disclosed in this application and include common knowledge or customary technical means in the technical field not recorded in this application.

Claims

1. A high carbon chromium bearing multi-heterogeneous structure extreme performance forming manufacturing method, characterized in that: The method comprises: In response to the multiple heterogeneous structure construction operation for the rolled ring, a gradient strain state corresponding to the rolled ring is introduced by radial-axial rolling during the rolling process; A carbonitriding heat treatment is used to introduce a gradient component corresponding to the rolled ring; Using Mapei graded quenching to introduce a gradient phase structure corresponding to the rolled ring; The multiple heterogeneous structures corresponding to the rolled ring are constructed according to the gradient strain state, the gradient composition and the gradient phase structure.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of introducing the gradient strain state corresponding to the rolled ring by radial-axial rolling specifically includes: Controlling the core roller to perform feeding motion according to a preset radial feeding speed to control the wall thickness of the rolled ring; Controlling the tapered roller to perform warp feeding motion according to a preset axial feed speed to control the height of the rolled ring; The gradient strain state is induced during the rolling process according to the preset radial feed speed and the preset axial feed speed.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The preset radial feed speed and the preset axial feed speed are calculated according to the following formula: Among them, v r is the preset radial feed speed, n1 is the driving shaft speed, R1 is the driving roller working radius, Δh r Δh is the reduction in wall thickness of the rolled ring when the core roller rotates one circle. a is the height reduction of the rolled ring when the tapered roller rotates one circle, and R is the instantaneous outer radius of the rolled ring during the rolling process.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of introducing the gradient component corresponding to the rolled ring by carbonitriding heat treatment specifically includes: Loading the rolled ring into a carbonitriding furnace, and removing air from the carbonitriding furnace by adding a protective gas; determining the ammonia flow rate in the carbonitriding furnace according to the carbon potential and the workpiece size of the rolled ring; Obtaining a preset carbonitriding temperature and a target penetration depth, and calculating a carbonitriding time corresponding to the rolled ring according to the ammonia flow rate, the preset carbonitriding temperature, and the carbon potential; The rolled ring is subjected to the carbonitriding heat treatment according to the preset carbonitriding temperature and the carbonitriding time to introduce the gradient component corresponding to the rolled ring.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Before loading the rolled ring into the carbonitriding furnace and removing air from the carbonitriding furnace by adding a protective gas, the method further comprises: Pre-treating the rolled ring, wherein the pre-treatment includes cleaning the surface of the ring and equipment inspection, wherein the cleaning of the surface of the ring includes cleaning burrs and oil stains on the surface of the ring, and the equipment inspection includes temperature instrument inspection and flow meter inspection; The rolled ring after the pretreatment is loaded into the carbonitriding furnace, and the air in the carbonitriding furnace is removed by adding the protective gas.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Determining the ammonia flow rate in the carbonitriding furnace according to the carbon potential and the workpiece size of the rolled ring specifically includes: The ammonia flow rate is calculated according to the following formula: in, is the ammonia flow rate, k1 is the first correction coefficient, the first correction coefficient is determined according to the workpiece material type of the rolled ring, and the value interval is [0.2, 0.5], A is the surface area of ​​the rolled ring, and t is the carbonitriding time.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The obtaining of the preset carbonitriding temperature and the target penetration depth, and calculating the carbonitriding time corresponding to the rolled ring according to the ammonia flow rate, the preset carbonitriding temperature and the carbon potential, specifically includes: The carbonitriding time is calculated according to the following formula: Wherein, t is the carbonitriding time, D is the target penetration depth, A is the surface area of ​​the rolled ring, k2 is the second correction coefficient, which is determined according to the workpiece material type of the rolled ring and has a value range of [0.01, 0.03], and T is the preset co-infiltration temperature. is the ammonia flow rate, C p is the carbon potential, which is determined according to the workpiece size of the rolled ring, and has a value interval of [1%, 1.3%].

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of introducing the gradient phase structure corresponding to the rolled ring by Mapei graded quenching specifically comprises: Setting an austenitizing temperature and an austenitizing time, and placing the rolled ring in a high-temperature box furnace for austenitizing treatment according to the austenitizing temperature and the austenitizing time; Setting an isothermal quenching time and an isothermal quenching temperature, and placing the rolled ring in a low-temperature salt bath furnace for isothermal quenching treatment according to the isothermal quenching time and the isothermal quenching temperature; The gradient phase structure corresponding to the rolled ring is introduced according to the austenitizing treatment and the austempering treatment.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The setting of the austenitizing temperature and the austenitizing time specifically includes: The austenitizing temperature and the austenitizing time are calculated according to the following formula: The austenitizing temperature includes the austenitizing temperature of hypoeutectoid steel and the austenitizing temperature of eutectoid steel and hypereutectoid steel, T A1 is the austenitizing temperature of the hypoeutectoid steel, T A2 is the austenitizing temperature of the eutectoid steel and hypereutectoid steel, A c1 is the austenite transformation starting temperature, A c2 is the austenite transformation termination temperature, T is the preset temperature range, the value range is [30C°, 50C°], D is the effective thickness of the rolled ring, s1 is the heating coefficient, when the rolled ring is carbon steel and alloy steel, the value range of the heating coefficient is [1, 1.5], when the rolled ring is high-speed steel and alloy steel, the value range of the heating coefficient is [0.3, 0.5], s2 is the furnace charging correction coefficient, the value range of the furnace charging correction coefficient is [1, 2].

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The setting of the isothermal quenching time and the isothermal quenching temperature specifically includes: According to the hardness of the rolled ring, the austempering time is calculated by the following formula: Among them, t B is the isothermal quenching time, k B is the austempering time correction coefficient, the value interval of the austempering time correction coefficient is [1,2], D is the effective thickness of the rolled ring, HRC is the hardness of the rolled ring after the austempering treatment, and HRC0 is the hardness of the rolled ring before the austempering treatment; According to the workpiece material type of the rolled ring, the austempering temperature is calculated by the following formula: T B =670-270C-90Mn-37Ni-70Cr-83Mo; Among them, T B is the austempering temperature, and the alloy elements C, Mn, Cr, and Mo in the formula are the proportions of the element contents in the rolled ring.

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