Seawater exchange type breakwater

Abstract

The invention relates to a seawater exchange type breakwater, which is applied to the technical field of breakwater and comprises a riprap foundation, a box culvert, a permeable square brick and a cast-in-place concrete breast wall from bottom to top in sequence, the box culverts and the square bricks are arranged at intervals, the square bricks and the box culverts are arranged in a staggered mode, the concrete breast wall and the square bricks are fixed through embedded steel bars, the box culverts and the square bricks are hollow, a plurality of water permeable holes are formed in the concrete breast wall, and the area of the hollow part and the area of the water permeable holes are not smaller than 70% of the cross section area of the breakwater. The invention has the effects of firm structure and convenience in construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of breakwaters, and more particularly to a seawater exchange type breakwater. Background Art

[0002] Breakwaters are hydraulic structures needed to prevent the invasion of waves and form a sheltered water area. They are usually located on the periphery of port waters and prevent the invasion of drifting sand and ice. They are relied on to ensure that the port has sufficient water depth and smooth water surface to meet the requirements of ships anchoring, loading and unloading operations, and entering and leaving the port.

[0003] A Chinese patent with authorization announcement number CN115354619B discloses a port breakwater, comprising: a breakwater body; a plurality of baffles, each of which is obliquely arranged on the periphery of the breakwater body, the baffles being in a multi-layer stepped shape and having an arc-shaped side wall, the baffle being recessed toward the wave side, and the baffle having a plurality of strip grooves spaced apart along the slope direction; a plurality of energy dissipation components, each of which is spaced apart in the strip grooves, the energy dissipation components comprising a first energy dissipation plate fixed on the strip groove, and a second energy dissipation plate arranged on both sides of the first energy dissipation plate, the surfaces of the first energy dissipation plate and the second energy dissipation plate being in an arc-shaped shape.

[0004] The above-mentioned port breakwater is cast-in-place. A cushion layer is first laid on the seabed around the port, and then a template is set up for pouring. The length of the dock breakwater is more than several kilometers, and the overall construction period is relatively long. In view of the above situation, it is necessary to design an assembled breakwater. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a seawater exchange breakwater, which has the advantages of being able to be prefabricated in advance, having high water permeability and a firm and stable overall structure.

[0006] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: a seawater exchange breakwater, which includes a riprap foundation, a box culvert, permeable square bricks and a cast-in-place concrete breast wall from bottom to top; the box culvert and the square bricks are arranged at intervals, the square bricks and the box culvert are staggered, the concrete breast wall and the square bricks are fixed with anchor bars, the box culvert and the square bricks are hollow, and a number of permeable holes are arranged on the concrete breast wall, and the area of ​​the hollow part and the area of ​​the permeable holes are not less than 70% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the breakwater.

[0007] The above settings achieve the following effects: the box culvert and square bricks are prefabricated, replacing the existing method of weaving steel bars and then pouring, greatly shortening the construction period and underwater operation time. The extremely high water permeability allows the water of the inland sea and the open sea to be fully exchanged, avoiding the stink of the water in the inland sea. At the same time, the extremely high water permeability prevents the square wave from silting and slag accumulation in advance.

[0008] It is further arranged that a plurality of concrete fence panels are arranged in an array on the riprap foundation, and the box culvert is arranged at intervals from the concrete fence panels.

[0009] The above setting achieves the following effect: The concrete fence panels are used to locate the box culverts, ensuring that the spacing between the box culverts is equal, and further ensuring smooth assembly between the square bricks and the box culverts.

[0010] It is further arranged that: a plurality of wedge blocks are arranged on the box culvert, and the square bricks are provided with wedge grooves matched with the wedge blocks.

[0011] The effect achieved by the above setting is: the wedge block cooperates with the wedge groove to avoid horizontal misalignment between the box culvert and the square bricks, thereby improving the overall stability of the square wave embankment.

[0012] It is further configured that: a plurality of screw rods protrude from the box culvert, a groove is opened on the side of the square brick, the screw rods pass through the square brick into the groove and are locked by nuts.

[0013] The effect achieved by the above setting is: Since the box culvert is relatively heavy, it can only be installed by a crane. The screws are used to install the lifting ears to facilitate the lifting of the box culvert. After the box culvert is assembled in place, the lifting ears can be removed; the square bricks and the box culvert are further fixed by screws and nuts to avoid the box culvert and the square bricks from being misplaced up and down or left and right, further improving the overall strength and stability of the breakwater.

[0014] It is further provided that a cushion block is provided in the groove, and the upper and lower surfaces of the cushion block are respectively in contact with the upper surface of the nut and the upper side surface of the groove.

[0015] The above arrangement achieves the following effect: Since seawater is fluid and has intermittent impact forces, the spacer blocks limit the upward space of the nut, thereby preventing the nut from loosening and improving the stability of the nut.

[0016] It is further provided that: the cushion block comprises an upper block and a lower block which are threadedly connected, and the upper block and the lower block are hollow and can be sleeved on the screw rod.

[0017] The above arrangement achieves the following effect: Since there is a certain error in the groove, the length of the spacer can be adjusted, and then it can be adjusted according to the specific situation of each groove to ensure that the nut cannot be loosened.

[0018] Further configuration: a plurality of steel bars are arranged in the square bricks, some of the steel bars protrude from the square bricks and the protruding parts are processed with threaded sections, a steel cage is arranged in the concrete breast wall, and the steel cage is fixedly connected to the threaded sections of the steel bars through threaded sleeves.

[0019] The effect achieved by the above arrangement is as follows: the square bricks are heavy and need to be hoisted by a crane. The threaded section is used to install the lifting lugs. When the square bricks are assembled, they are directly fixed to the steel cage in the concrete breast wall through the threaded sleeves. This method of planting reinforcement is simpler and more convenient, replacing the existing method of drilling holes in the square bricks with a water drill and then inserting steel bars and glue.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. Both the box culvert and the square bricks are prefabricated parts, replacing the existing method of weaving steel bars and then pouring, which greatly shortens the construction period and underwater operation time. The extremely high water permeability allows the water bodies of the inland sea and the open sea to be fully exchanged, avoiding the stink of the water bodies of the inland sea. At the same time, the extremely high water permeability prevents the square wave from silting and slag accumulation in advance;

[0022] 2. The overall connection is reliable. It has the advantage of shortening the construction period by prefabricated parts, and at the same time, its strength is not weaker than that of cast-in-place breakwaters, which has dual advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section of this embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of this embodiment;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram showing the connection relationship between the square bricks and the box culvert of this embodiment;

[0026] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the box culvert of this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the square brick of this embodiment when viewed from above;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the square brick of this embodiment.

[0030] In the figure: 1. riprap foundation; 11. middle section; 12. bottom protection section; 2. box culvert; 21. wedge block; 22. screw; 23. nut; 3. square brick; 31. wedge groove; 32. groove; 33. steel plate; 34. threaded section; 4. concrete fence board; 5. cover plate; 51. threaded hole; 6. pad; 61. upper block; 62. lower block; 7. concrete breast wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] Example: Reference Figure 1-2 , a seawater exchange breakwater, which includes a riprap foundation 1, a box culvert 2, a permeable square brick 3 and a cast-in-place concrete breast wall 7 from bottom to top; the box culvert 2 and the square bricks 3 are arranged at intervals, the square bricks 3 and the box culvert 2 are arranged staggered, and the concrete breast wall 7 is fixed with the square bricks 3 by anchoring. The riprap foundation 1 includes a middle section 11 and a bottom protection section 12 located on both sides of the middle section 11, the middle section 11 is compacted with 10-100kg stones, and the bottom protection section 12 is compacted with 100-200kg stones. The thickness of the middle section 11 is not less than 2 meters and the width is not less than 10 meters; the thickness of the bottom protection section 12 is not less than 0.6 meters and the length is not less than 8 meters. The width of the box culvert 2 is not less than 6 meters, and the width of the square bricks 3 is not less than 5 meters. The height of the box culvert 2 and the square bricks 3 is designed according to the specific sea area of ​​the dock coast. In this embodiment, the height of the box culvert 2 and the square bricks 3 is preferably 4.2m.

[0033] The box culvert 2 and the square brick 3 are both hollow, and a number of water-permeable holes are arranged on the concrete breast wall 7. The area of ​​the hollow part and the area of ​​the water-permeable holes are not less than 70% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the breakwater. This arrangement greatly improves the water permeability, so that the water bodies of the inland sea and the open sea can fully interact, and avoid the water bodies of the inland sea from stinking. At the same time, the extremely high water permeability avoids the accumulation of slag and silt in front of the embankment. The diameter of the water-permeable hole is preferably 1600mm.

[0034] refer to Figure 2 A plurality of concrete fence panels 4 are arranged in an array on the riprap foundation 1, the box culvert 2 and the concrete fence panels 4 are arranged at intervals, the concrete fence thickness is 35 cm, and prefabricated parts are used to locate the spacing between the box culvert 2 and the box culvert 2. During installation, the box culvert 2 and the concrete fence are installed alternately.

[0035] refer to Figure 5-6 , four wedges 21 protrude from the side of the box culvert 2 that is butted against the square bricks 3, and the square bricks 3 are provided with wedge grooves 31 that cooperate with the wedges 21. The wedge grooves 31 cooperate with the wedges 21 to prevent the box culvert 2 and the square bricks 3 from horizontal displacement, and the shapes of the wedge grooves 31 and the wedges 21 are not fixed, and the depth of the wedge grooves 31 and the height of the wedges 21 are not less than 5 cm, and the area is not less than 200 square centimeters. Chamfers are provided on the wedges 21 to facilitate the assembly of the wedges 21 and the wedge grooves 31.

[0036] refer to Figure 3-6, a plurality of screw rods 22 protrude upward from one side of the box culvert 2 near the square brick 3, and 24 screw rods 22 protrude from the same box culvert 2, each screw rod 22 has a diameter of not less than 42 mm, and a strength grade of not less than 8.8. The 24 bolts are grouped in groups of 4, for a total of 6 groups, and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the box culvert 2 (see the figure for details). A groove 32 is opened on the side of the square brick 3. During the prefabrication process, a circular hole for the screw rod 22 to pass through is cast in advance on the square brick 3, so that the screw rod 22 can enter the groove 32 through the circular hole and be locked by the nut 23. In this way, the box culvert 2 and the square brick 3 are fixed together.

[0037] refer to Figure 3-6 , a pad 6 is provided in the groove 32, and the upper and lower surfaces of the pad 6 are respectively in contact with the upper surface of the nut and the upper side surface of the groove 32. As the waves continuously impact the breakwater, the pad 6 prevents the nut from loosening. The pad 6 includes an upper block 61 and a lower block 62 that are threadedly connected, and the upper block 61 and the lower block 62 are hollow and can be sleeved on the screw 22. Since there is a certain error in the size of the groove 32, when the upper block 61 and the lower block 62 are relatively rotated, the length of the pad 6 can be adjusted to ensure that the pad 6 always contacts the surface of the nut and the side wall of the groove 32.

[0038] refer to Figure 3-6 , the inner wall of the groove 32 is inlaid with a 2cm thick steel plate 33, and the steel plate 33 is welded and fixed to the steel bars in the square brick 3. A cover plate 5 is set on the side wall of the square brick 3, and the cover plate 5 covers the groove 32. Four bolts are set on the cover plate 5, and the bolts pass through the cover plate 5 and are threadedly connected to the steel plate 33. Two threaded holes 51 are respectively opened on the upper and lower parts of the cover plate 5, and the diameter of the lower threaded hole 51 is not less than 3cm, and the diameter of the upper threaded hole 51 is not more than 1cm. The lower threaded hole 51 is used to inject grease (specifically, shield tail grease in shield construction), and the upper threaded hole 51 is used to discharge seawater in the groove 32 and observe the grease injection situation. When the grease is filled, the threaded hole 51 is blocked by a plug. A sealing ring is set on the side of the cover plate 5 close to the square brick 3. When the cover plate 5 is fixed on the square brick 3, the sealing ring blocks the gap between the cover plate 5 and the square brick 3. The above-mentioned setting is used to prevent the screw 22 and the nut 23 from being corroded by seawater and improve the overall service life.

[0039] refer to Figure 5 Due to the heavy weight of the box culvert 2, it needs to be installed by a crane. The screw 22 is used to install the lifting lug. After the lifting is completed, it is removed for easy lifting and use.

[0040] refer to Figure 3-7, a number of steel bars are arranged in the square brick 3, some of which protrude from the square brick 3 and are processed with threaded sections 34 on the protruding parts, the number of threaded sections 34 protruding from the same square brick 3 is not less than 40, and the length of the threaded sections 34 is not less than 10 cm, and a steel cage is arranged in the concrete breast wall 7, which is fixedly connected to the threaded end of the steel bar through a threaded sleeve. Since the concrete breast wall 7 is cast-in-place concrete, in order to ensure that the concrete breast wall 7 and the square bricks 3 can be firmly connected, the square bricks 3 and the steel bars in the concrete breast wall 7 are formed into a whole through the above method.

[0041] refer to Figure 7 Since the square brick 3 is heavy, it needs to be installed by a crane, and the threaded section 34 is used to install the lifting lug for easy lifting.

[0042] The implementation principle of the above embodiment is as follows: the entire breakwater is divided into three layers, and the lower two layers use prefabricated parts instead of cast-in-place concrete with reinforced concrete, thereby shortening the construction period. The overall permeability reaches 70%, which is more conducive to the exchange of water bodies between the inner and outer seas, while avoiding the accumulation of slag and silt in front of the embankment. A bolt connection structure is added between the square bricks 3 and the box culvert 2, thereby increasing the connection strength between the prefabricated parts, making the overall strength of the breakwater high.

[0043] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seawater exchange breakwater, characterized in that: The invention comprises, from bottom to top, a riprap foundation (1), a box culvert (2), permeable square bricks (3) and a cast-in-place concrete breast wall (7); the box culvert (2) and the square bricks (3) are arranged at intervals, the square bricks (3) and the box culvert (2) are arranged staggered, the concrete breast wall (7) and the square bricks (3) are fixed by anchoring, the box culvert (2) and the square bricks (3) are hollow, a plurality of permeable holes are arranged on the concrete breast wall (7), and the area of ​​the hollow part and the area of ​​the permeable holes are not less than 70% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the breakwater.

2. The seawater exchange breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of concrete fence panels (4) are arranged in an array on the riprap foundation (1), and the box culvert (2) and the concrete fence panels (4) are arranged at intervals.

3. The seawater exchange breakwater according to claim 2, characterized in that: The box culvert (2) is provided with a plurality of wedge blocks (21), and the square bricks (3) are provided with wedge grooves (31) that match the wedge blocks (21).

4. The seawater exchange breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of screw rods (22) protrude from the box culvert (2), a groove (32) is provided on the side of the square brick (3), and the screw rods (22) pass through the square brick (3) into the groove (32) and are locked by nuts (23).

5. The seawater exchange breakwater according to claim 4, characterized in that: A cushion block (6) is arranged in the groove (32), and the upper and lower surfaces of the cushion block (6) are respectively in contact with the upper surface of the nut (23) and the upper side surface of the groove (32).

6. The seawater exchange breakwater according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cushion block (6) comprises an upper block (61) and a lower block (62) which are threadedly connected. The upper block (61) and the lower block (62) are hollow and can be sleeved on the screw rod (22).

7. The seawater exchange breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of steel bars are arranged in the square bricks (3), some of which protrude from the square bricks (3) and are processed with threaded sections (34) on the protruding sections; a steel cage is arranged in the concrete breast wall (7), and the steel cage is fixedly connected to the threaded sections (34) of the steel bars through threaded sleeves.

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