Quantitative evaluation method and device for inter-well connectivity of sand body comprehensive structure constraint, medium and equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to an inter-well connectivity quantitative evaluation method and device for sand body comprehensive structure constraint, a medium and equipment, and the method comprises the following steps: judging the inter-well static connectivity of a single-layer sand body; on the basis of production data, the inter-well dynamic connectivity of the multi-layer sand body is judged, and a main development layer position is determined in combination with a perforation layer position; in combination with the static connectivity between the single-layer sand body wells and the dynamic connectivity between the multi-layer sand body wells, the connectivity between the single-layer sand body wells of the main development layer is judged, and a connectivity evaluation result is obtained; and according to a connectivity evaluation result, summarizing geologic features between wells. The water injection scheme can be more scientifically optimized, the remaining oil utilization efficiency is improved, invalid water injection is reduced, and the overall development benefit of an oil field is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of well connectivity analysis in oil and gas production, and in particular to a method, device, medium and equipment for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity constrained by sand body comprehensive structure. Background Art

[0002] Well connectivity evaluation is a key link in oilfield development, especially in water-driven oilfields. By analyzing the fluid connectivity between wells, it can provide an effective basis for the formulation of water injection plans, identification of remaining oil, and production optimization. At present, traditional well connectivity evaluation methods include static analysis and dynamic analysis.

[0003] Static analysis mainly determines the connectivity of reservoirs based on geological characteristics, such as reservoir lithology, physical properties, interlayer development characteristics, sand body superposition and other reservoir parameters. However, connectivity is essentially a dynamic concept, and static analysis methods often have low accuracy and poor reliability, and can only be used for connectivity pre-analysis or qualitative prediction.

[0004] Dynamic analysis relies on production data, and uses well testing, tracers and other means to determine the connectivity between injection and production wells. However, dynamic methods usually require relatively comprehensive production dynamics and monitoring data, such as well testing data, tracers, single-layer injection and production data, liquid production and water absorption profiles, etc. The more complete the data, the more reliable the analysis results. However, due to the high cost and long time period of well testing and tracer methods, and the need to change the working system of production wells, it will interfere with the daily production of oil fields; most oil fields and development blocks lack comprehensive production dynamics data, especially offshore oil and gas fields are limited by development costs and marine environmental pollution risks, and production dynamics and monitoring data are seriously insufficient, which greatly restricts the feasibility and reliability of dynamic analysis methods of connectivity.

[0005] In summary, both static and dynamic analyses of reservoir well connectivity have significant limitations, such as low accuracy, poor reliability, and difficulty in promotion. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation method that can combine static geological characteristics with production dynamic data is urgently needed to improve the accuracy and practicality of well connectivity analysis. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, device, medium and equipment for quantitative evaluation of well connectivity under comprehensive structural constraints of sand bodies, which can more scientifically optimize water injection schemes, improve the efficiency of residual oil utilization, reduce ineffective water injection, and enhance the overall development benefits of oil fields.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity constrained by sand body comprehensive structure of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0009] Determine the static connectivity between wells in a single sand body;

[0010] Based on production data, determine the dynamic connectivity between wells in multi-layer sand bodies, and determine the main development layer in combination with the perforation layer;

[0011] Combined with the static connectivity between wells of single-layer sand bodies and the dynamic connectivity between wells of multi-layer sand bodies, the connectivity between wells of single-layer sand bodies in the main development layer is determined, and the connectivity evaluation results are obtained;

[0012] Based on the connectivity evaluation results, the geological characteristics between wells are summarized.

[0013] The quantitative evaluation method for well connectivity, preferably, the step of determining the static connectivity between wells of a single-layer sand body comprises the following steps:

[0014] Dissect the single-layer sand body configuration to form the single-layer sand body distribution and superposition relationship;

[0015] Based on the distribution and superposition relationship of single-layer sand bodies, a pattern chart of inter-well sand body connectivity is established according to the characteristics of heavy oil;

[0016] Based on the inter-well sand body connectivity pattern chart, a static connectivity pattern chart with comprehensive sand body structure constraints is established according to the characteristics of heavy oil.

[0017] The connectivity distribution range is determined based on the static connectivity pattern map constrained by the comprehensive structure of the sand body.

[0018] The quantitative evaluation method for well-to-well connectivity preferably establishes connectivity categories in the well-to-well sand body connectivity pattern chart, including: Class I connectivity, Class II-1 connectivity, Class II-2 connectivity and Class III connectivity, wherein the connectivity comparison is: Class I connectivity > Class II connectivity > Class III connectivity; Class II-1 connectivity > Class II-2 connectivity.

[0019] In the quantitative evaluation method for well-to-well connectivity, preferably, the connectivity of different sand body comprehensive structures is divided into five levels in the static connectivity style diagram constrained by the sand body comprehensive structure, namely, level 1 connectivity, level 2 connectivity, level 3 connectivity, level 4 connectivity and level 5 connectivity.

[0020] In the quantitative evaluation method for well-to-well connectivity, preferably, the connectivity distribution range is: level 1 connectivity is 1-0.8, level 2 connectivity is 0.8-0.6, level 3 connectivity is 0.6-0.4, level 4 connectivity is 0.4-0.2 and level 5 connectivity is 0.2-0.

[0021] The quantitative evaluation method for well connectivity, preferably, the determination of the dynamic connectivity between wells of multi-layer sand bodies specifically comprises the following steps:

[0022] Collect the injection and production data of the well group, clarify the injection and production relationship of each well, and conduct matching analysis on the injection and production time between each injection well and production well to determine the injection response time and connectivity between well groups;

[0023] Based on the collection and organization of injection and production data, the grey correlation method of injection and production sequence is used to calculate the correlation of dynamic data between injection and production wells. The strength of the connectivity between wells is quantitatively evaluated by the size of the correlation to identify the main connectivity paths and non-connected areas.

[0024] The quantitative evaluation method for well connectivity preferably combines the static connectivity between single-layer sand bodies and the dynamic connectivity between multi-layer sand bodies to determine the well connectivity between single-layer sand bodies in the main development layer and obtain the connectivity evaluation result, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0025] Based on the multi-layer joint injection and production data between water injection wells and oil production wells, the connectivity between multi-layer sand bodies is determined through grey correlation analysis to achieve multi-layer connectivity evaluation results;

[0026] The results of single-layer sand body configuration anatomy are used as the basis for evaluating the inter-well connectivity of single-layer sand bodies. Combined with the perforation layer, a single-layer sand body structural characteristic matrix is ​​constructed. The characteristic matrix includes the geological parameters of each single-layer sand body. The geological parameters are standardized and different geological parameters are assigned corresponding weights to form a structural characteristic matrix of each single layer, which is used to predict and analyze the inter-well single-layer connectivity.

[0027] The constructed structural feature matrix and the original dynamic production data of the acquired well group are input into the multivariate regression model to evaluate the single-layer connectivity. Based on the multi-layer well connectivity and the sand body structural characteristics as constraints, multiple iterations are performed to determine the connectivity strength between each single layer. Each single-layer sand body is independently evaluated to identify the connectivity status between each injection and production well and the non-connected areas.

[0028] The device for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity constrained by sand body comprehensive structure of the present invention comprises:

[0029] The first processing unit is used to determine the static connectivity between wells of a single-layer sand body;

[0030] The second processing unit is used to determine the dynamic connectivity between wells of multi-layer sand bodies based on production data, and determine the main development layer in combination with the perforation layer;

[0031] The third processing unit is used to combine the static connectivity between wells of the single-layer sand body and the dynamic connectivity between multi-layer sand bodies to determine the connectivity between wells of the main development layer and obtain the connectivity evaluation result;

[0032] The fourth processing unit is used to summarize the geological characteristics between the wells according to the connectivity evaluation results.

[0033] The present invention also provides a computer storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity constrained by the sand body comprehensive structure are implemented.

[0034] The present invention also provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity constrained by the sand body comprehensive structure are implemented.

[0035] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, which has the following advantages:

[0036] (1) The present invention combines sand body structural characteristics with a multivariate regression model and is suitable for evaluating well connectivity in complex reservoir conditions;

[0037] (2) The present invention adopts a combination of dynamic and static analysis to improve the accuracy of well connectivity evaluation and the scientific nature of solution optimization;

[0038] (3) The present invention uses grey correlation analysis to identify the dominant seepage channel, thereby improving the recovery rate of the remaining oil and the water injection efficiency;

[0039] (4) The method of the present invention is economical and efficient, and can provide reliable connectivity evaluation results without affecting the normal production of the oil field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Throughout the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is the inter-well sand body connection pattern diagram of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 It is a static connection style diagram of the comprehensive structural constraints of the sand body described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0045] The present invention provides a quantitative evaluation method for well-to-well connectivity constrained by comprehensive sand body structure. By combining static geological parameters (such as thickness and superposition relationship) of sand body structure characteristics with dynamic data of injection and production, multivariate regression analysis is performed to achieve dynamic quantitative evaluation of well-to-well connectivity, effectively improving the accuracy of connectivity analysis and the optimization effect of injection and production schemes. The dynamic connectivity evaluation technology constrained by sand body structure characteristics is used to construct a single sand body structure characteristic matrix based on the configuration dissection results of a single sand body, and then the well-to-well connectivity is evaluated through the fusion of dynamic production data, ensuring that the evaluation method is more comprehensive and closer to reality, and is particularly suitable for oilfield development in high water-cut periods and complex reservoir conditions. The technical process of "constructing a characteristic matrix based on sand body structure characteristics and dynamically evaluating well-to-well connectivity in combination with dynamic data" is fully realized, and the accuracy of connectivity analysis is significantly enhanced with sand body structure characteristics as constraints.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the quantitative evaluation method for well connectivity constrained by sand body comprehensive structure provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0047] S1. Determine the static connectivity between wells of a single sand body;

[0048] S2. Based on production data, determine the dynamic connectivity between wells in multi-layer sand bodies, and determine the main development layer in combination with the perforation layer;

[0049] S3. Combine the static connectivity between wells of single-layer sand bodies and the dynamic connectivity between multi-layer sand bodies to determine the connectivity between wells of single sand bodies in the main development layer and obtain the connectivity evaluation results;

[0050] S4. Based on the connectivity evaluation results, summarize the geological characteristics between wells.

[0051] In the above embodiment, preferably, the determining of the static connectivity between wells of a single-layer sand body comprises the following steps:

[0052] S11. Dissect the single-layer sand body configuration to form the single-layer sand body distribution and superposition relationship;

[0053] Specifically, the planar distribution of composite sand bodies is depicted by comprehensively applying core, logging, seismic and production dynamic data, and under the guidance of sedimentary models, integrating well and seismic data, combining static and dynamic data, and multi-dimensional interaction. Under the guidance of composite sand body distribution and configuration patterns, the superposition relationship of sand bodies is depicted inside the composite sand body based on single sand body identification marks and multi-well pattern fitting, and then the distribution characteristics of single sand bodies and internal diversion channels and estuary bars are depicted.

[0054] S12. On the basis of the distribution and superposition relationship of single-layer sand bodies, a pattern chart of inter-well sand body connectivity is established according to the characteristics of heavy oil;

[0055] Specifically, based on the distribution and superposition relationship of single sand bodies determined by well-seismic data, combined with the water-flooding characteristics of the adjustment wells, model guidance, fine comparison, and combined with the characteristics of heavy oil reservoirs (mainly heavy oil viscosity), a static connection pattern chart of sand bodies between wells was established (see Figure 2 ), including Type I connectivity (single sand body type), Type II-1 connectivity (cut-overlap type, refers to large-scale cutting), Type II-2 connectivity (contact type, refers to small-scale cutting) and Type III connectivity (pinch-out type). Among them, the connectivity comparison is: Type I connectivity > Type II connectivity > Type III connectivity; Type II-1 connectivity > Type II-2.

[0056] S13. Based on the inter-well sand body connectivity pattern diagram, a static connectivity pattern diagram with comprehensive structural constraints of the sand body is established according to the characteristics of heavy oil;

[0057] Specifically, a static connectivity pattern chart of sand bodies with comprehensive structural constraints is established by integrating the static connectivity pattern of sand bodies, the superposition relationship of reservoirs of different qualities, and the reservoir scale (sand body thickness, sand body lateral width). Figure 3 ), a comprehensive evaluation of the static connectivity of the sand body was conducted, and the static connectivity of the sand body under comprehensive structural constraints was divided into five levels.

[0058] S14. Determine the connectivity distribution range based on the static connectivity pattern map constrained by the comprehensive structure of the sand body.

[0059] Specifically, based on the static connectivity constrained by the comprehensive structure of the sand body, a conceptual model of inter-well sand bodies was established, and the Eclipse software was used to carry out numerical simulation of the reservoir. Numerical models under different static sand body connection formulas and different physical property conditions were established. The connectivity distribution ranges of different sand body comprehensive structures were determined through simulation calculations, including level 1 connectivity (1-0.8), level 2 connectivity (0.8-0.6), level 3 connectivity (0.6-0.4), level 4 connectivity (0.4-0.2) and level 5 connectivity (0.2-0).

[0060] In the above embodiment, preferably, the connectivity categories in the inter-well sand body connectivity pattern map include: Class I connectivity, Class II-1 connectivity, Class II-2 connectivity and Class III connectivity, wherein the connectivity comparison is: Class I connectivity>Class II connectivity>Class III connectivity; Class II-1 connectivity>Class II-2 connectivity.

[0061] In the above embodiment, preferably, the connectivity of different sand body comprehensive structures in the static connectivity pattern diagram of the sand body comprehensive structure constraint is divided into five levels, namely, level 1 connectivity, level 2 connectivity, level 3 connectivity, level 4 connectivity and level 5 connectivity.

[0062] In the above embodiment, preferably, the connectivity distribution range is: level 1 connectivity is 1-0.8, level 2 connectivity is 0.8-0.6, level 3 connectivity is 0.6-0.4, level 4 connectivity is 0.4-0.2 and level 5 connectivity is 0.2-0.

[0063] In the above embodiment, preferably, the determining of the dynamic connectivity between wells of multi-layer sand bodies specifically includes the following steps:

[0064] S21. Collect the injection and production data of the well group, including dynamic data such as water injection volume, production fluid volume, bottom hole flow pressure, etc., clarify the injection and production relationship of each well, and match and analyze the injection and production time between each water injection well and production well to determine the water injection response time and the connectivity between the well groups, thereby determining the connectivity between the multi-layer sand bodies and achieving multi-layer connectivity evaluation results;

[0065] S22. Based on the collection and organization of injection and production data, the grey correlation method of injection and production sequence is used to calculate the correlation between the dynamic data of injection and production wells. The strength of the connectivity between wells is quantitatively evaluated by the size of the correlation to identify the main connectivity paths and non-connected areas.

[0066] In the above embodiment, preferably, the inter-well connectivity of the single-layer sand body and the dynamic connectivity of the multi-layer sand body are combined to determine the inter-well connectivity of the single-layer sand body in the main development layer and obtain the connectivity evaluation result, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0067] S31. Based on the multi-layer joint injection and production data between the water injection well and the oil production well, the connectivity between the multi-layer sand bodies is determined through grey correlation analysis to achieve a multi-layer connectivity evaluation result;

[0068] S32, using the results of the single-layer sand body configuration dissection as the basis for evaluating the inter-well connectivity of the single-layer sand body, and combining the perforation layer to construct a single-layer sand body structural characteristic matrix, wherein the characteristic matrix includes geological parameters of each single-layer sand body, the geological parameters are standardized, and corresponding weights are assigned to different geological parameters to form a structural characteristic matrix of each single layer, which is used to predict and analyze the inter-well single-layer connectivity;

[0069] S33. Input the constructed structural feature matrix and the original dynamic production data of the acquired well group into the multivariate regression model to evaluate the single-layer connectivity. Based on the multi-layer well connectivity and with the sand body structural characteristics as constraints, multiple iterations are performed to determine the connectivity strength between each single layer. Each single-layer sand body is independently evaluated to identify the connectivity status between each injection and production well and the non-connected areas.

[0070] In the above embodiment, preferably, the geological characteristics between wells are summarized according to the connectivity evaluation results, specifically: clarify the connectivity mode and main flow channels between wells, and analyze the influence of sand body superposition relationship on connectivity. Summarize the connectivity geological characteristics, identify the main dominant seepage channels and blocking interfaces, and provide a scientific basis for the optimization of oilfield water injection development, including water injection adjustment, well network densification, remaining oil distribution identification and efficient injection and production profile adjustment scheme design.

[0071] The present invention also provides a device for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity constrained by sand body comprehensive structure, comprising:

[0072] The first processing unit is used to determine the static connectivity between wells of a single-layer sand body;

[0073] The second processing unit is used to determine the dynamic connectivity between wells of multi-layer sand bodies based on production data, and determine the main development layer in combination with the perforation layer;

[0074] The third processing unit is used to determine the inter-well connectivity of a single sand body in the main development layer by combining the static connectivity between the single sand body and the dynamic connectivity between the multi-layer sand body, and obtain the connectivity evaluation result;

[0075] The fourth processing unit is used to summarize the geological characteristics between the wells according to the connectivity evaluation results.

[0076] The present invention also provides a computer storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity constrained by the sand body comprehensive structure are implemented.

[0077] The present invention also provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the method steps for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity constrained by the sand body comprehensive structure are implemented.

[0078] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantitative evaluation method for well connectivity constrained by sand body comprehensive structure, characterized in that: The steps include: Determine the static connectivity between wells in a single sand body; Based on production data, determine the dynamic connectivity between wells in multi-layer sand bodies, and determine the main development layer in combination with the perforation layer; Combined with the static connectivity between wells of single-layer sand bodies and the dynamic connectivity between wells of multi-layer sand bodies, the connectivity between wells of single-layer sand bodies in the main development layer is determined, and the connectivity evaluation results are obtained; Based on the connectivity evaluation results, the geological characteristics between wells are summarized.

2. The method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for determining the static connectivity between wells of a single-layer sand body comprises the following steps: Dissect the single-layer sand body configuration to form the single-layer sand body distribution and superposition relationship; Based on the distribution and superposition relationship of single-layer sand bodies, a pattern chart of inter-well sand body connectivity is established according to the characteristics of heavy oil; Based on the inter-well sand body connectivity pattern chart, a static connectivity pattern chart with comprehensive sand body structure constraints is established according to the characteristics of heavy oil. The connectivity distribution range is determined based on the static connectivity pattern map constrained by the comprehensive structure of the sand body.

3. The method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connectivity categories in the inter-well sand body connectivity pattern chart include: Class I connectivity, Class II-1 connectivity, Class II-2 connectivity and Class III connectivity. Among them, the connectivity comparison is: Class I connectivity > Class II connectivity > Class III connectivity; Class II-1 connectivity > Class II-2 connectivity.

4. The method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the static connectivity style diagram of the sand body comprehensive structure constraint, the connectivity of different sand body comprehensive structures is divided into five levels, namely, level 1 connectivity, level 2 connectivity, level 3 connectivity, level 4 connectivity and level 5 connectivity.

5. The method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connectivity distribution range is: level 1 connectivity is 1-0.8, level 2 connectivity is 0.8-0.6, level 3 connectivity is 0.6-0.4, level 4 connectivity is 0.4-0.2 and level 5 connectivity is 0.2-0.

6. The method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of determining the dynamic connectivity between wells of multi-layer sand bodies specifically includes the following steps: Collect the injection and production data of the well group, clarify the injection and production relationship of each well, and conduct matching analysis on the injection and production time between each injection well and production well to determine the injection response time and connectivity between well groups; Based on the collection and organization of injection and production data, the grey correlation method of injection and production sequence is used to calculate the correlation of dynamic data between injection and production wells. The strength of the connectivity between wells is quantitatively evaluated by the size of the correlation to identify the main connectivity paths and non-connected areas.

7. The method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method combines the static connectivity between wells of single-layer sand bodies and the dynamic connectivity between multi-layer sand bodies to judge the connectivity between wells of single-layer sand bodies in the main development layer and obtain the connectivity evaluation result, which specifically includes the following steps: Based on the multi-layer joint injection and production data between water injection wells and oil production wells, the connectivity between multi-layer sand bodies is determined through grey correlation analysis to achieve multi-layer connectivity evaluation results; The results of single-layer sand body configuration anatomy are used as the basis for evaluating the inter-well connectivity of single-layer sand bodies. Combined with the perforation layer, a single-layer sand body structural characteristic matrix is ​​constructed. The characteristic matrix includes the geological parameters of each single-layer sand body. The geological parameters are standardized and different geological parameters are assigned corresponding weights to form a structural characteristic matrix of each single layer, which is used to predict and analyze the inter-well single-layer connectivity. The constructed structural feature matrix and the original dynamic production data of the acquired well group are input into the multivariate regression model to evaluate the single-layer connectivity. Based on the multi-layer well connectivity and the sand body structural characteristics as constraints, multiple iterations are performed to determine the connectivity strength between each single layer. Each single-layer sand body is independently evaluated to identify the connectivity status between each injection and production well and the non-connected areas.

8. A quantitative evaluation device for well connectivity constrained by sand body comprehensive structure, characterized in that: include: The first processing unit is used to determine the static connectivity between wells of a single-layer sand body; The second processing unit is used to determine the dynamic connectivity between wells of multi-layer sand bodies based on production data, and determine the main development layer in combination with the perforation layer; The third processing unit is used to combine the static connectivity between wells of the single-layer sand body and the dynamic connectivity between multi-layer sand bodies to determine the connectivity between wells of the main development layer and obtain the connectivity evaluation result; The fourth processing unit is used to summarize the geological characteristics between the wells according to the connectivity evaluation results.

9. A computer storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity between sand bodies with comprehensive structural constraints described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for quantitatively evaluating well connectivity constrained by sand body comprehensive structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

Images