Vertical shaft excavation device for undisturbed soil sampling through micro disturbance

Abstract

The invention relates to vertical shaft advanced excavation equipment, in particular to a vertical shaft excavation device for undisturbed soil borrowing through micro disturbance, which comprises an excavation device, a tight supporting device and a hydraulic power system, the excavation device comprises an expanding bucket, a plurality of arc-shaped openings and drainage holes are formed in the side surface of the expanding bucket, and the hydraulic power system is connected with the expanding bucket. An arc-shaped earth cutting wing is hinged to each arc-shaped opening, and an earth cutting wing driving device is arranged between the expanding bucket and the arc-shaped earth cutting wings; teeth are arranged at the bottom of the expanding bucket and the outer sides of the arc-shaped earth cutting wings, a soil breaking fly cutter is further arranged at the bottom of the expanding bucket, and the diameter of the soil breaking fly cutter is larger than that of the unfolded arc-shaped earth cutting wings. The device further comprises a pressurization sealing device. The influence of advanced excavation on the surrounding environment is small, undisturbed soil is taken in the shaft, and mud generated by excavation of the shaft of the vertical shaft is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to equipment for advanced vertical shaft excavation, in particular to a vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original state soil extraction. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of municipal engineering, it is necessary to build some vertical shafts. At present, the commonly used methods for vertical shaft excavation are caisson method and vertical shaft sinking method (such as VSM method, drilling method, etc.). The commonly used vertical shaft excavation is to break the stratum rock and soil into small particles and use mud circulation to clean the slag, which will produce a large amount of mud that needs to be processed. This type of method of excavating deep wells has a great disturbance to the surrounding strata, causing problems such as tilting and damage of surrounding buildings; and the drilling method and VSM method both have the problems of requiring a large construction site, high construction cost, and great impact on the surrounding environment. For example, a propulsion system and a method for caisson excavation disclosed in the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN113446007A, the propulsion system for caisson excavation includes a cutter head, a driving device, a plurality of propulsion devices and a plurality of tensioning devices, the driving device is arranged on the top of the cutter head, the tensioning devices are spaced along the axial direction of the caisson, and the tensioning devices are respectively fixed and supported between the driving device and the pipe section located on the side wall of the caisson; the propulsion devices are arranged on the ground and close to the wellhead along the circumference of the wellhead, the propulsion device is provided with a sliding box that can slide up and down, and the sliding box is provided with a telescopic pin that can move telescopically, when the telescopic pin is in the state of extending to the outside of the sliding box, the telescopic pin abuts against the top of the pipe section located at the wellhead. Although the invention solves the problems of complex structure, inconvenient disassembly and assembly, and poor use effect of full-section excavation equipment, it does not solve the problems of micro-disturbance and large amount of mud generated.

[0003] In some urban construction sites, vertical shafts are excavated in narrow areas. The diameter of the shaft to be constructed is required to be more than 4m, and the excavation depth is required to be more than 50m. Currently, various traditional vertical shaft construction technologies cannot meet the requirements of environmental protection, cost control and construction sites.

[0004] To this end, the engineering community urgently needs to develop a micro-disturbance undisturbed earth-taking technology for advance excavation of vertical shafts, to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the current caisson method and vertical well drilling method, and to achieve the goal of building vertical shafts in narrow urban areas by caisson method with micro-disturbance undisturbed earth-taking. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction, so as to achieve small impact of advance excavation on the surrounding environment, extract soil in the shaft in its original state, and significantly reduce the amount of mud generated by vertical shaft excavation.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0007] A vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction comprises an excavation device, a tightening device and a hydraulic power system, wherein the tightening device is arranged on a central shaft sleeve of the excavation device.

[0008] The excavation device comprises an expanding diameter bucket, a plurality of arc-shaped openings and drainage holes are arranged on the side of the expanding diameter bucket, an arc-shaped excavation wing is hingedly arranged on each of the arc-shaped openings, and an excavation wing driving device is arranged between the expanding diameter bucket and the arc-shaped excavation wing; teeth are arranged on the bottom of the expanding diameter bucket and the outer side of the arc-shaped excavation wing, and a soil-breaking flying knife is also arranged at the bottom of the expanding diameter bucket, and the diameter of the soil-breaking flying knife is larger than the diameter of the arc-shaped excavation wing after it is unfolded;

[0009] It also includes a pressurizing sealing device, which includes an annular sealing disk and a sealing airbag fixed on the central sleeve of the excavation device. A plurality of pressurizing holes are arranged on the annular sealing disk, and the pressurizing holes are connected to the pressure medium injection equipment.

[0010] Furthermore, the tightening device includes a pad block, a strap, and a tightening and fixing device located between the strap and the center sleeve of the excavation device, which are sequentially connected from the outside to the inside. The pad block is in a circular ring shape composed of at least three arc-shaped pad blocks, and the strap is in a circular ring shape composed of at least three arc-shaped arms; each arc-shaped arm is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped pad block, and each arc-shaped arm is hingedly connected, and locking jacks are arranged at both ends of the strap.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the jacking and fixing device, the jacking and fixing device includes a hydraulic jack corresponding to the arc-shaped arm one by one, the cylinder body of the hydraulic jack is fixed on the central sleeve of the excavation device, and the piston rod of the hydraulic jack is hingedly connected to the arc-shaped arm. In another preferred embodiment, the jacking and fixing device includes a fixed arm fixedly connected to the central sleeve of the excavation device, a movable arm connected to the arc-shaped arm, a pin, and a strip-shaped through hole provided on the fixed arm and the movable arm, and the locking shaft mechanism is used to lock the fixed arm and the movable arm. Furthermore, the locking shaft mechanism includes a locking cylinder and a piston rod, the piston rod serves as the pin of the fixed arm and the movable arm, and a blocking cap is provided on the top of the piston rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the tensioning devices are provided with two or more, and the pressurization sealing device is located between the two tensioning devices.

[0013] Furthermore, a steel wire rope is connected to the top of the excavation device. Furthermore, a pressure medium pipe connected to the power equipment, an air pipe for inflating the airbag, and a medium delivery pipe for pressurizing the pressurized area are tied and suspended together with the steel wire rope.

[0014] Furthermore, a bottom door is provided at the bottom of the enlarged diameter bucket.

[0015] Preferably, a row of teeth is radially arranged at the bottom of the expanded diameter bucket.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: compared with the prior art, it solves the impact of advance excavation on the surrounding environment, takes soil from the shaft in its original state, and achieves a significant reduction in the amount of mud generated by excavating the shaft of the opposing shaft.

[0017] The present invention uses miniaturized construction equipment to complete advance excavation, achieves high efficiency in shaft construction, reduces project costs, shortens construction period, and protects the surrounding environment. It is a green construction technology.

[0018] By designing a pressurized sealing device, the sealed pressurization of the area above the excavation surface is achieved. As the bucket cuts in and the soil is cut, the balanced mud and water with a large pressure quickly flows into the excavation surface in the pressurized closed area, forming a mud skin on the excavated soil surface to protect the wall, blocking the water in the soil layer to prevent loss, and maintaining the stability of the excavation surface, achieving micro-disturbance. The design of the expanded diameter bucket can store the excavated soil in the bucket bin. After the excavation is completed, the expanded diameter bucket shrinks to form a closed silo, storing the soil inside, and then lifting it to the outside of the well for unloading. The structural design of the tightening device is firmly tightened with the well wall, providing a force fulcrum for the operation of the excavation device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of fixing the excavation device above the excavation surface and establishing a pressurized closed area according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a front view schematic diagram of an annular sealing disk and an air bag fixed on the central shaft sleeve of the excavation device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a top view schematic diagram of a sealing disk and an air bag fixed on the central shaft sleeve of the excavation device of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a front view schematic diagram of an embodiment of a tensioning device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a top view schematic diagram of the tensioning device of the present invention (the first embodiment of the tensioning and fixing device);

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the tightening and fixing device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a top view schematic diagram of the tightening device (second embodiment of the tightening and fixing device) of the present invention being fixed on the well wall;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a front view schematic diagram of the excavation device of the present invention;

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface structure of the expanded diameter bucket of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the hoisting state of the present invention in the wellbore.

[0029] In the figure, excavation device 1, central sleeve 101, enlarged diameter bucket 102, arc-shaped opening 1021, drainage hole 1022, arc-shaped excavation wing 1023, excavation wing driving device 1024, earth-breaking knife 1025, bucket power device 103, upper and lower driving mechanism 104, tightening device 2, cushion block 201, arc-shaped cushion block 2011, binding belt 202, arc-shaped arm 2021, hinged connection point 2022, locking jack 203, boosting sealing device 3, annular sealing disk 301, boosting hole 3011, annular sealing airbag 302, hydraulic jack 4, fixed arm 501, movable arm 502, piston rod 503, locking cylinder 504, wire rope 6, excavation surface 7, balancing mud 701, well wall 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to better understand the present invention, the following Figure 1-Figure 10 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings are only schematic diagrams, and those skilled in the art can fully implement the embodiments of the present invention based on the drawings. Therefore, the components of the drawings are only for illustration.

[0031] Embodiment 1:

[0032] The vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction of the present invention comprises an excavation device 1, a tightening device 2, a pressurized sealing device 3 and a hydraulic power system. The tightening device 2 is arranged on the central sleeve 101 of the excavation device 1. In this embodiment, the tightening device 2 adopts the tightening device on the current drilling equipment, such as the tightening device on the full-rotation drilling rig. The function of the tightening device 2 is to fix the excavation device 1 on the well wall 8 to provide a supporting reaction force for the rotation excavation of the enlarged diameter bucket 102. The hydraulic power system includes the following various hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic motors, etc.

[0033] The excavation device 1 comprises a cylindrical enlarged diameter bucket 102, and a plurality of arc-shaped openings 1021 and drainage holes 1022 are arranged on the side of the enlarged diameter bucket 102. Fig. 9As shown, five arc-shaped openings 1021 are provided, and an arc-shaped digging wing 1023 is hingedly provided on each of the arc-shaped openings 1021. A digging wing driving device 1024 is provided between the expanding bucket 102 and the arc-shaped digging wing 1023. The digging wing driving device 1024 can be a hydraulic cylinder 1025. The bottom of the expanding bucket 102 and the outer side of the arc-shaped digging wing 1023 are both provided with teeth. A row of teeth is provided in the radial direction of the bottom of the expanding bucket. A ground-breaking flying knife 1025 is also provided at the bottom of the expanding bucket 102, as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown, the diameter of the earth-breaking flying knife 1025 is larger than the diameter of the arc-shaped earth-digging wing 1023 after it is unfolded. A bucket power device 103 is arranged above the expanded diameter bucket 102. The bucket power device 103 is rotatably connected to the expanded diameter bucket 102. The bucket power device 103 preferably adopts a hydraulic motor. An up-and-down driving mechanism 104 is arranged above the bucket power device 103. The up-and-down driving mechanism 104 can adopt a hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the central shaft sleeve 101. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the bucket power device 103. The central shaft sleeve 101 is not connected to the expanded diameter bucket 102. When excavating, the hydraulic cylinder drives the expanded diameter bucket 102 to move downward. The bottom of the expanded diameter bucket 102 is provided with an openable bottom door. At this time, a row of teeth arranged radially at the bottom of the expanded diameter bucket is fixed to the side of the bottom door. When the enlarged bucket cuts downward, the bottom door is open, and when it is lifted upward, the bottom door is closed. The openable structure of the bottom door belongs to the prior art, and is the same as the openable door structure at the bottom of the rotary excavator bucket, such as the bottom door opening structure in a rotary drilling device for construction disclosed in the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN118241979A. Therefore, it will not be described here in detail, and for the sake of clarity, the bottom door is not drawn in the figure. The connection method and driving method of the enlarged bucket 102 and the center shaft sleeve 101 are the same as the structural principle in the prior art, and will not be described in detail.

[0034] In order to achieve the goal of taking soil from the original state during the excavation of the shaft and greatly reduce the amount of crushing and slurry produced during the shaft excavation process, it is necessary to pre-build a large pressure zone in the excavation surface 7 area to maintain its stability. Although the excavation surface 7 area is filled with balanced mud 701, in order to maintain the stability of the new excavation surface, a certain amount of pressure must be added on its basis to form a boosted pressure zone. Figure 1-3It can be seen that the pressurized sealing device 3 includes an annular sealing disk 301 fixed on the central sleeve 101 of the excavation device 1 and an annular sealing airbag 302. The annular sealing disk 301 is provided with a plurality of pressurized holes 3011, and the pressurized holes 3011 are connected to the pressure medium injection device. The excavation device 1 suspended by the wire rope 6 is located in the center above the excavation surface 7. At this time, the sealing airbag 302 outside the annular sealing disk 301 is inflated and pressurized to expand, and the gap between the annular sealing disk 301 and the shaft wall 8 of the vertical shaft is quickly filled, and a sealing area is formed above the excavation surface 7. The pressure medium is injected into the sealing area through the pressurized holes 3011. This medium can be gas or fluid (water or mud), so that the pressure in the sealing area increases by more than 100KPa, forming a pressurized area.

[0035] A steel wire rope 6 is connected to the top of the excavation device 1, and the excavation device 1 is suspended by the steel wire rope 6 just above the excavation surface 7. Suspended along with the steel wire rope 6 are a pressure medium pipe connected to the power equipment, an air pipe for inflating the airbag, and a medium delivery pipe for pressurizing the boosting area.

[0036] Embodiment 2:

[0037] Based on the first embodiment, the present invention designs the following new tightening device.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the tightening device 2, the present invention adopts the following structure: the tightening device 2 includes a pad 201, a binding belt 202 and a tightening and fixing device located between the binding belt 202 and the central sleeve 101 of the excavation device 1 which are sequentially connected from the outside to the inside.

[0039] The pad 201 is in the shape of a ring composed of at least three arc-shaped pads 2011, and the bandage 202 is in the shape of a ring composed of at least three arc-shaped arms 2021. Each arc-shaped arm 2021 is fixedly connected to a segment of the arc-shaped pad 2011, and each arc-shaped arm 2021 is hingedly connected (hinged connection point 2022), and there is a certain gap at the hinge to ensure that there is no interference when rotating with each other. Locking jacks 203 are set at both ends of the bandage 202. The diameter of the bandage 202 is expanded by moving the piston of the locking jack 203 so that the bandage 202 pushes the pad 201 to expand on the inner side of the well wall 8, thereby achieving the purpose of fixing it on the inner side of the well wall 8. Figure 7 shown.

[0040] In this embodiment, the jacking and fixing device includes a hydraulic jack 4 corresponding to the arc-shaped arm one by one, the cylinder body of the hydraulic jack is fixed on the central sleeve of the excavation device, and the piston rod of the hydraulic jack is hingedly connected to the arc-shaped arm.

[0041] Embodiment three:

[0042] This embodiment is an improvement on the jacking and fixing device in the second embodiment, specifically as follows: the jacking and fixing device comprises a fixed arm 501 fixedly connected to the central sleeve 101 of the excavation device, a movable arm 502 connected to the arc arm 2021, a locking shaft mechanism, and a bar-shaped through hole provided on the fixed arm 501 and the movable arm 502. Preferably, the bar-shaped through hole is designed to be a curved arc. The locking shaft mechanism comprises a locking cylinder 504 and a piston rod 503. The piston rod 503 acts as a pin, and the fixed arm 501 and the movable arm 502 are locked when the piston rod 503 is retracted. A blocking cap is provided on the top of the piston rod 503.

[0043] Embodiment 4:

[0044] This embodiment designs the tensioning device in the first, second or third embodiment. Specifically, two tensioning devices 2 are provided, and the pressurizing sealing device 3 is located between the two tensioning devices 2 .

[0045] When the present invention is working, the bracing device 2 and the pressurizing sealing device 3 are used to fix and pressurize the inner side of the well wall, the excavation device 1 is fixed above the excavation surface 7 at the bottom of the well, and the expanded diameter bucket 102 is operated in the pressurized area of ​​the excavation surface 7. At this time, the expanded diameter bucket 102 is driven by the bucket power device 103 and the upper and lower driving mechanism 104, and its bottom and digging wings 302 are embedded in the soil layer. The bucket power device 103 drives the expanded diameter bucket 102 to rotate as a whole, so that the teeth at the bottom of the expanded diameter bucket 102 and the outer side of the arc-shaped digging wings 1023 and the earth-breaking flying cutter 1025 rotate to cut the soil layer. The cut soil layer is pushed into the inner bin of the expanded diameter bucket 102 through the contraction movement of the bottom door and the arc-shaped digging wings 1023. At the same time, the occupied mud in the bin is discharged through the drainage hole 1022.

[0046] The expanded diameter bucket 102 cuts the soil layer and forms a new excavation surface at the excavation surface 7. At this time, in the pressurized closed area, the balanced mud 701 with a relatively large pressure flows in quickly, forming a mud skin on the excavated soil surface to block the water in the soil layer to prevent loss and maintain the stability of the excavation surface. When a certain amount of soil is loaded into the inner bin of the expanded diameter bucket 102, the arc-shaped excavation wings 1023 and the bottom door are closed, so that the expanded diameter bucket 102 becomes a closed silo.

[0047] Next, the air valve on the sealing airbag 302 is opened to shrink the sealing airbag 302, thereby balancing the pressure inside and outside the sealing area. Then, the binding belt 202 is loosened to separate the pad 201 in the tightening device 2 from the shaft wall 8. The shrunken vertical shaft excavation device is located in the center of the shaft, and the outer size of the vertical shaft excavation device is less than the inner diameter of the shaft by more than 300mm. Fig.10 shown.

[0048] The vertical shaft excavation device is suspended by the steel wire rope 306, and then moved to the unloading point by the overhead crane to unload the soil in the enlarged diameter bucket 102.

[0049] It should be noted that the phrases "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "an exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments", etc. mentioned in the specification indicate that the described embodiments may include certain features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the certain features, structures or characteristics. In addition, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, when describing certain features, structures or characteristics in conjunction with an embodiment, it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to implement such features, structures or characteristics in conjunction with other embodiments, whether explicitly or not explicitly described.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction, comprising an excavation device, a tightening device and a hydraulic power system, wherein the tightening device is arranged on the central shaft sleeve of the excavation device, and is characterized in that: The excavation device comprises an expanding diameter bucket, a plurality of arc-shaped openings and drainage holes are arranged on the side of the expanding diameter bucket, an arc-shaped excavation wing is hingedly arranged on each of the arc-shaped openings, and an excavation wing driving device is arranged between the expanding diameter bucket and the arc-shaped excavation wing; teeth are arranged on the bottom of the expanding diameter bucket and the outer side of the arc-shaped excavation wing, and a soil-breaking flying knife is also arranged at the bottom of the expanding diameter bucket, and the diameter of the soil-breaking flying knife is larger than the diameter of the arc-shaped excavation wing after it is unfolded; It also includes a pressurizing sealing device, which includes an annular sealing disk and a sealing airbag fixed on the central sleeve of the excavation device. A plurality of pressurizing holes are arranged on the annular sealing disk, and the pressurizing holes are connected to the pressure medium injection equipment.

2. A vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The tightening device includes a pad block, a strap, and a tightening and fixing device located between the strap and the center sleeve of the excavation device, which are sequentially connected from the outside to the inside. The pad block is a circular ring composed of at least three arc-shaped pad blocks, and the strap is a circular ring composed of at least three arc-shaped arms; each arc-shaped arm is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped pad block, and each arc-shaped arm is hingedly connected, and locking jacks are arranged at the head and tail ends of the strap.

3. A vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The jacking and fixing device includes hydraulic jacks corresponding to the arc-shaped arms one by one, the cylinder body of the hydraulic jack is fixed on the central sleeve of the excavation device, and the piston rod of the hydraulic jack is hingedly connected to the arc-shaped arm.

4. A vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The tightening and fixing device includes a fixed arm fixedly connected to the central sleeve of the excavation device, a movable arm connected to the arc arm, a locking shaft mechanism, and a strip-shaped through hole arranged on the fixed arm and the movable arm. The locking shaft mechanism is used to lock the fixed arm and the movable arm.

5. A vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The locking shaft mechanism comprises a locking oil cylinder and a piston rod. The piston rod serves as a pin shaft of the fixed arm and the movable arm. A blocking cap is arranged on the top of the piston rod.

6. A vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The tensioning devices are provided with two or more, and the pressurized sealing device is located between the two tensioning devices.

7. A vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A steel wire rope is connected above the excavation device.

8. A vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The pressure medium pipe connected to the power equipment, the air pipe for inflating the airbag and the medium delivery pipe for pressurizing the pressurized area are tied together and suspended with the steel wire rope.

9. A vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A bottom door is arranged at the bottom of the enlarged diameter bucket.

10. A vertical shaft excavation device for micro-disturbance original soil extraction as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A row of teeth is radially arranged at the bottom of the enlarged diameter bucket.

Images