Rock burst roadway multi-layer energy absorption anti-impact device and supporting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of roadway supporting, in particular to a rock burst roadway multi-layer energy absorption and scour prevention device and a supporting method.The rock burst roadway multi-layer energy absorption and scour prevention device comprises a supporting plate assembly, an energy absorption assembly, an anchor rod assembly and a fixing piece, the supporting plate assembly is in contact with roadway surrounding rock, the energy absorption assembly is connected with the supporting plate assembly, and the anchor rod assembly is connected with the supporting plate assembly; the energy absorption assembly comprises a plurality of energy absorption columns which are connected with one another, the energy absorption columns are stacked in the thickness direction of the supporting plate assembly and filled with energy absorption materials, the anchor rod assembly penetrates through the energy absorption assembly and the supporting plate assembly to stretch into roadway surrounding rock, and the end, away from the energy absorption assembly and the supporting assembly, of the anchor rod assembly is connected with the fixing piece. The fixing piece makes contact with the energy absorption assembly. According to the multi-layer energy-absorbing anti-impact device for the rock burst roadway, rock burst of surrounding rock of the roadway can be protected, and the supporting stability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and in particular to a multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device and a support method for an impact ground pressure tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Rock burst is a common geological phenomenon in mining, especially in deep mines. Rock burst may lead to sudden collapse of tunnels, equipment damage and casualties, bringing great risks to production safety.

[0003] Traditional protective measures often use a single support material and structure, which cannot effectively absorb the kinetic energy caused by the impact, and the protective effect on the tunnel is limited. Most of the anchoring materials currently used are rigid structures. Although they have a certain support capacity, they have no buffering effect and are prone to failure when encountering large-scale impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out energy absorption protection against impact ground pressure. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels, which can protect the rock burst of tunnel surrounding rocks and improve the stability of support. An embodiment of the present invention also proposes a support method for a multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels,

[0006] The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0007] A support plate assembly, wherein the support plate assembly is in contact with the surrounding rock of the tunnel;

[0008] An energy absorbing assembly, the energy absorbing assembly is connected to the support plate assembly, the energy absorbing assembly comprises a plurality of energy absorbing columns connected to each other, and the plurality of energy absorbing columns are stacked in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly, and the energy absorbing columns are filled with energy absorbing material;

[0009] An anchor rod assembly and a fixing part, wherein the anchor rod assembly passes through the energy absorbing assembly and the supporting plate assembly to extend into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, one end of the anchor rod assembly away from the energy absorbing assembly and the supporting assembly is connected to the fixing part, and the fixing part is in contact with the energy absorbing assembly.

[0010] The multi-layer energy absorbing and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels according to the embodiments of the present invention can protect against rock bursts of tunnel surrounding rocks and improve the stability of support.

[0011] In some embodiments, the energy absorbing material is at least one of foam, rubber or fine sand.

[0012] In some embodiments, an energy absorbing assembly is provided between the support plate assembly and the surrounding rock.

[0013] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the energy absorbing column in the thickness direction of the supporting plate assembly is polygonal, the material of the energy absorbing column is concrete, and the wall thickness of the concrete is A, and 0.2m≤A≤0.4m.

[0014] In some embodiments, the support plate assembly includes a plurality of convex plates and support components connected in sequence, grooves are formed between adjacent convex plates, a support component is provided at one end of the convex plate facing the tunnel surrounding rock, the convex plate protrudes toward the support component, one end of the support component extends into the groove, and a concrete layer wrapping the support component is cast between the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0015] In some embodiments, the supporting component includes a steel mesh, supporting ribs and longitudinal ribs, the number of the supporting ribs is multiple, the number of the longitudinal ribs is multiple, at least one longitudinal rib is arranged in the groove, one end of the supporting rib is connected to the longitudinal rib, and the other end of the supporting rib is connected to the steel mesh.

[0016] In some embodiments, the convex plate includes a first segment, a second segment, a third segment and a fourth segment, the first segment is connected to one end of the second segment, the other end of the second segment is connected to one end of the third segment, and the other segment of the third segment is connected to the fourth segment.

[0017] The third section and the fourth section and the first section on another connected convex plate form a groove, and the anchor rod assembly passes through the second section or the fourth section and is connected to the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0018] In some embodiments, the fourth section is arranged parallel to the first section in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly, and the dimension of the second section in the width direction of the support plate assembly is smaller than the dimension of the fourth section in the width direction.

[0019] The extending direction of the fourth section has a preset angle B with the first section or the third section, and 30°≤B≤90°.

[0020] In some embodiments, the anchor rod assembly includes an anchor rod and a fixed plate mounted on the anchor rod, the fixing member includes a connecting plate and a buffer plate mounted on the anchor rod, the connecting plate is in contact with the energy absorbing assembly, one end of the connecting plate away from the energy absorbing assembly is connected to the buffer plate, and one end of the buffer plate away from the connecting plate is in contact with the fixed plate.

[0021] The anchor rod passes through the energy absorbing assembly and the supporting plate assembly and is connected to the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0022] The supporting method of the multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device of the rock burst tunnel according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0023] After the tunnel is expanded by brushing, the surrounding rock surface is sprayed to ensure the surface is sealed;

[0024] Grouting reinforcement is carried out on the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel;

[0025] Install multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact devices in impact ground pressure tunnels, and support the energy-absorbing and anti-impact devices.

[0026] The multi-layer energy absorbing and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels according to the embodiments of the present invention can protect against rock bursts of tunnel surrounding rocks and improve the stability of support. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a fixing member according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a convex plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the convex plate of the embodiment of the present invention

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of an energy absorbing component according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals:

[0033] Roadway surrounding rock 1,

[0034] Support plate assembly 2, convex plate 21, first section 211, second section 212, third section 213, fourth section 214, groove 215,

[0035] Support component 22, steel mesh 221, support rib 222, longitudinal rib 223,

[0036] Energy absorbing component 3, energy absorbing column 31, energy absorbing material 32,

[0037] Anchor rod assembly 4, anchor rod 41, fixing plate 42,

[0038] The fixing member 5 , the connecting plate 51 , and the buffer plate 52 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0040] The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0041] A support plate assembly 2, wherein the support plate assembly 2 is in contact with the tunnel surrounding rock 1;

[0042] An energy absorbing component 3, wherein the energy absorbing component 3 is connected to the support plate component 2, and the energy absorbing component 3 includes a plurality of energy absorbing columns 31 connected to each other, and the plurality of energy absorbing columns 31 are arranged in the thickness direction of the support plate component 2 ( Figure 1 The energy absorbing column 31 is stacked in the front-to-back direction, and the energy absorbing material 32 is filled in the energy absorbing column 31;

[0043] An anchor rod assembly 4 and a fixing part 5, the anchor rod assembly 4 passes through the energy absorbing assembly 3 and the supporting plate assembly 2 to extend into the tunnel surrounding rock 1, one end of the anchor rod assembly 4 away from the energy absorbing assembly 3 and the supporting assembly is connected to the fixing part 5, and the fixing part 5 is in contact with the energy absorbing assembly 3.

[0044] The multi-layer energy absorbing and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels according to the embodiment of the present invention can protect the rock burst of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 and improve the stability of the support.

[0045] Specifically, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, after the tunnel surrounding rock 1 is brushed and expanded, the surrounding rock is sprayed to cover the gaps in the surrounding rock.

[0046] The support plate assembly 2 contacts the surrounding rock to support the surrounding rock. At the same time, another section of the support plate assembly 2 contacts the energy absorbing assembly 3 to transfer the impact transmitted from the surrounding rock to the energy absorbing assembly 3. The anchor rod assembly 4 is an existing anchor rod 41. The anchor rod assembly 4 extends in the front-to-back direction, and the front end of the anchor rod assembly 4 extends into the tunnel surrounding rock 1 for anchoring. The rear ends of the anchor rod assembly 4 and the energy absorbing assembly 3 are connected to the supporting equipment in the tunnel to support and install the energy absorbing and anti-impact device. The supporting equipment in the tunnel can be a shed-type bracket.

[0047] The energy absorbing column 31 extends in the up-down direction, and a plurality of energy absorbing columns 31 are connected in the front-to-back direction and stacked. The energy absorbing column 31 may be a hollow tube, and the energy absorbing column 31 is filled with energy absorbing material 32 to buffer the impact or deformation of the surrounding rock, so as to reduce or absorb the propagation of dynamic load stress waves to the tunnel, that is, to reduce the impact of impact ground pressure on the tunnel support equipment and improve the stability of the tunnel support.

[0048] At the same time, the stacking arrangement of the energy-absorbing columns 31 in the front-rear direction can reduce the impact force of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 during deformation, absorb energy and buffer it, and improve the stability and safety of the existing support equipment in the tunnel.

[0049] The multi-layer energy absorbing and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels of the embodiment of the present invention can protect against rock bursts of tunnel surrounding rocks 1 and improve the stability of support by providing a plurality of energy absorbing columns 31 stacked in the front-to-back direction, wherein the energy absorbing columns 31 are filled with energy absorbing materials 32.

[0050] In some embodiments, the energy absorbing material 32 is at least one of foam, rubber or fine sand.

[0051] Specifically, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, for example, foam materials have the characteristics of lightness and porosity. When impacted, foam materials can absorb a large amount of energy through their internal pore structure and convert this energy into deformation of the foam material. At the same time, the weight of the foam material is relatively light, which is convenient for transportation and installation. Rubber materials can elastically deform through their internal molecular chain structure when impacted, thereby absorbing a large amount of energy. Fine sand, as a granular material, has an energy absorption mechanism different from that of foam and rubber. When impacted, fine sand particles will rub and squeeze each other, thereby converting the impact energy into energy in the form of heat energy, sound energy, etc. At the same time, the procurement cost of fine sand can reduce the cost of support. The energy-absorbing material 32 is determined according to specific engineering requirements and conditions. For example, in situations where it is necessary to withstand a large impact load, foam or rubber materials with high energy absorption capacity can be selected, while in some situations where there are high requirements on cost, economical and easily available fine sand materials may be selected. In addition, a variety of energy-absorbing materials 32 can also be used in combination to give full play to their respective advantages and improve the overall energy absorption effect.

[0052] In some embodiments, an energy absorbing assembly 3 is provided between the support plate assembly 2 and the surrounding rock. This is equivalent to adding a buffer layer. This buffer layer can mitigate the direct impact of the surrounding rock on the support plate assembly 2 and reduce the stress concentration of the support structure. The energy absorbing column 31 can absorb and disperse the impact energy from the surrounding rock, which helps to reduce the deformation and damage of the support plate assembly 2 and extend its service life.

[0053] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the energy absorbing column 31 in the thickness direction of the supporting plate assembly 2 is polygonal, the material of the energy absorbing column 31 is concrete, and the wall thickness of the concrete is A, and 0.2m≤A≤0.4m.

[0054] Specifically, Figures 1 to 5As shown, the polygonal cross-section is more resistant to deformation and impact from all directions than a circle or other shapes, thereby improving the overall stability of the support structure. For example, the polygon is a quadrilateral and a hexagon. For example, a regular hexagon can be understood as a honeycomb. The honeycomb energy-absorbing column 31 can effectively disperse and resist stress when subjected to external force. This structure can maintain good integrity when subjected to impact, thereby absorbing more energy and improving energy absorption efficiency.

[0055] The honeycomb structure deforms progressively when impacted, and this deformation pattern helps absorb and disperse energy. In addition, the energy absorption performance can be further optimized by adjusting the size, shape and arrangement of the honeycomb cells.

[0056] The honeycomb structure will gradually deform when impacted, which helps to gradually absorb and disperse energy. The wall thickness A is set to between 0.2m and 0.4m. When the wall thickness A is within this range, the concrete energy-absorbing column 31 can withstand greater pressure from the surrounding rock and maintain the stability of the support structure. Appropriate wall thickness can ensure that the energy-absorbing column 31 can effectively absorb and disperse energy when impacted, reducing the risk of damage to the support plate assembly 2 and the surrounding rock. On the premise of meeting the bearing capacity and energy absorption effect, selecting an appropriate wall thickness can reduce material costs and improve the economy of the support structure.

[0057] In some embodiments, the support plate assembly 2 includes a plurality of convex plates 21 and support components 22 connected in sequence, a groove 215 is formed between adjacent convex plates 21, a support component 22 is provided at one end of the convex plate 21 facing the tunnel surrounding rock 1, the convex plate 21 protrudes toward the direction of the support component 22, one end of the support component 22 extends into the groove 215, and a concrete layer wrapping the support component 22 is cast between the tunnel surrounding rock 1.

[0058] Specifically, Figures 1 to 5As shown, the convex plate 21 extends in the left and right directions, and the convex plate 21 is connected end to end in the up and down directions. The cross-sectional shape of the convex plate 21 in the reverse up and down directions can be W-shaped, and the convex plate 21 has a groove 215 in the front to install the support component 22. There is a preset gap between the support component 22 and the convex plate 21, and a concrete layer is poured on the convex plate 21 to cover the support component 22 to improve the overall bearing capacity. The material of the convex plate 21 can be metal, and then when the impact ground pressure impacts the concrete layer, the convex plate 21 can absorb energy through plastic deformation, and also play a bearing and limiting role for the concrete layer, to avoid the concrete layer from undergoing a large deformation under the impact ground pressure so that the entire concrete layer will have large cracks and collapse, that is, when the concrete layer is impacted, the convex plate 21 is plastically deformed to absorb energy to reduce the impact force on the concrete layer, thereby improving the stability of the concrete layer during use.

[0059] In some embodiments, the supporting component 22 includes a steel mesh 221, supporting ribs 222 and longitudinal ribs 223, the number of the supporting ribs 222 is multiple, the number of the longitudinal ribs 223 is multiple, at least one longitudinal rib 223 is arranged in the groove 215, one end of the supporting rib 222 is connected to the longitudinal rib 223, and the other end of the supporting rib 222 is connected to the steel mesh 221.

[0060] Specifically, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the steel mesh 221 is arranged at the front end of the convex plate 21, and there is a preset gap between the steel mesh 221 and the convex plate 21. The front end of the convex plate 21 is arranged in the groove 215 to install the longitudinal reinforcement 223. The longitudinal reinforcement 223 extends in the left and right directions. The longitudinal reinforcement 223 is connected to the rear end of the supporting reinforcement 222. The front end of the supporting reinforcement 222 is connected to the steel mesh 221. Concrete is poured or filled on the convex plate 21 to wrap the steel mesh 221, the supporting reinforcement 222 and the longitudinal reinforcement 223 together.

[0061] Placing steel bars in concrete can improve the structural strength of concrete. The addition of steel bars increases the tensile strength of the concrete structure. Steel bars can withstand certain deformations, which makes the concrete less likely to break when subjected to tensile forces. Steel bars have high strength and good ductility, and can withstand the tensile force generated by concrete when subjected to stress, thereby enhancing the overall strength and stability of the concrete structure.

[0062] At the same time, when concrete is subjected to external forces, if there is no reinforcement of steel bars, concrete is prone to cracks. With the reinforcement of steel bars, it can reduce the formation of cracks and make the concrete structure stronger. The mesh distribution of steel bars and the close combination with concrete enable the concrete structure to better disperse stress when subjected to external forces, avoiding the occurrence of cracks caused by excessive local stress. At the same time, concrete wraps the steel bars to prevent air from contacting the steel bars, thereby increasing the service life of the steel bars.

[0063] Steel bars and concrete work together to form an integrated concrete structure. This connection can make the concrete structure more stable and less prone to tilting or displacement. At the same time, steel bars play a supporting role in concrete, which can increase the overall rigidity and bearing capacity of the concrete structure.

[0064] In some embodiments, the convex plate 21 includes a first section 211, a second section 212, a third section 213 and a fourth section 214, wherein the first section 211 is connected to one end of the second section 212, the other end of the second section 212 is connected to one end of the third section 213, and the other end of the third section 213 is connected to the fourth section 214.

[0065] The third section 213 and the fourth section 214 and the first section 211 on another connected convex plate 21 form a groove 215, and the anchor assembly 4 passes through the second section 212 or the fourth section 214 and is connected to the surrounding rock 1 of the tunnel.

[0066] Specifically, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the first section 211, the second section 212, the third section 213 and the fourth section 214 all extend in the up-down direction, the second section 212 and the fourth section 214 are arranged in parallel in the front-to-back direction, and the third section 213 and the fourth section 214 are arranged in the front-to-back direction.

[0067] By setting the convex plate 21, when the impact pressure hits, the convex part of the convex plate 21 is closer to the tunnel surrounding rock 1 in the front-to-back direction than other parts, and thus the convex part of the convex plate 21 is deformed first, that is, the second section 212 is deformed first, followed by the first section 211 and the third section 213, and then the fourth section 214 is deformed, that is, progressive deformation, thereby absorbing more impact energy.

[0068] In some embodiments, the fourth section 214 is arranged parallel to the first section 211 in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly 2, and the dimension of the second section 212 in the width direction of the support plate assembly 2 is smaller than the dimension of the fourth section 214 in the width direction.

[0069] The extending direction of the fourth section 214 has a preset angle B with the first section 211 or the third section 213 , and 30°≤B≤90°.

[0070] The fourth section 214 is arranged parallel to the first section 211 in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly 2, and the dimension of the second section 212 in the width direction of the support plate assembly 2 is smaller than the dimension of the fourth section 214 in the width direction.

[0071] The extending direction of the fourth section 214 has a preset angle B with the first section 211 or the third section 213 , and 30°≤B≤90°.

[0072] The size of the second section 212 in the vertical direction is smaller than that of the fourth section 214 in the vertical direction. Meanwhile, the sizes of the first section 211 and the third section 213 in the vertical direction are the same and larger than that of the second section 212 in the vertical direction, but the size of the first section 211 in the vertical direction is smaller than that of the fourth section 214 in the vertical direction. Thus, during progressive deformation, the energy absorbed by the fourth section 214 during deformation is greater than that absorbed by the first section 211 and the third section 213 during deformation, and the energy absorbed by the first section 211 or the third section 213 during deformation is greater than that absorbed by the second section 212. Thus, multi-stage absorption of energy is achieved, and the energy during impact is gradually reduced.

[0073] And 30°≤B≤90°, B can be 30°, 40°, 50°, 55°, 70°, 71.57°, 75°, 85°, 90°, and different convex plates 21 can be used according to the estimated impact force of the surrounding rock impact ground pressure. For example, when the impact force is weak, 30° can be used. Since the dimensions of the first section 211 and the second section 212 in the up and down directions remain unchanged, the dimensions of the overall convex plate 21 in the up and down directions are reduced to reduce manufacturing costs. When the impact force is strong, 90° or 71.57° can be used. Due to the increase in the angle, the dimensions of the first section 211 and the second section 212 in the front and back directions increase, so that they can withstand more deformation and absorb more impact force.

[0074] Furthermore, the first section 211, the second section 212 and the third section 213 form a limiting groove, and the energy absorbing component has a protrusion matching the limiting groove on the side facing the convex plate 21, and the protrusion extends into the limiting groove, thereby improving the stability of the connection between the energy absorbing component 3 and the convex plate 21.

[0075] In some embodiments, the anchor rod assembly 4 includes an anchor rod 41 and a fixed plate 42 mounted on the anchor rod 41, the fixing member 5 includes a connecting plate 51 and a buffer plate 52 mounted on the anchor rod 41, the connecting plate 51 is in contact with the energy absorbing assembly 3, the end of the connecting plate 51 away from the energy absorbing assembly 3 is connected to the buffer plate 52, the end of the buffer plate 52 away from the connecting plate 51 is in contact with the fixed plate 42, and the anchor rod 41 passes through the energy absorbing assembly 3 and the support plate assembly 2 and is connected to the tunnel surrounding rock 1.

[0076] Specifically, Figures 1 to 5As shown, the anchor assembly 4 extends in the front-to-back direction, and the front end of the anchor assembly 4 extends into the surrounding rock for anchoring. The rear end of the anchor assembly 4 is arranged at the rear end of the energy absorbing assembly 3 to fix the energy absorbing assembly 3 and the support plate assembly 2. An energy absorbing assembly 3 can also be arranged between the support plate assembly 2 and the surrounding rock to improve the energy absorbing effect.

[0077] The material of the buffer plate 52 may be the energy absorbing material 32 or existing buffer material, so as to buffer and absorb the tunnel deformation impact force transmitted from the anchor rod 41 .

[0078] The connecting plate 51 and the buffer plate 52 are sleeved on the anchor rod 41, and the buffer plate 52 is in contact with the fixed plate 42 on the anchor rod 41. At the same time, the front end of the buffer plate 52 is connected to the rear end of the connecting plate 51, and the front end of the connecting plate 51 is connected to the energy absorbing component. The front end surface of the connecting plate 51 serves as the contact surface with the energy absorbing component 3 and is tightly connected to the energy absorbing component 3 to ensure effective energy transfer. The rear end surface of the connecting plate 51 is connected to the buffer plate 52. This design allows the deformation impact force transmitted from the tunnel surrounding rock 1 to be transmitted to the buffer plate 52 through the connecting plate 51 to disperse and buffer. Avoid direct contact between the suction cup and the energy absorbing component to cause stress concentration.

[0079] The shape of the connecting plate 51 and the buffer plate 52 can be circular or annular. It is not necessary to make the rear end face of the entire energy absorbing assembly 3 contact the connecting plate 51, and the manufacturing cost is reduced while ensuring the energy absorption effect. That is, the number of fixing members 5 is multiple, and they are arranged in a matrix on the rear end face of the energy absorbing assembly 3 to reduce the number of fixing members 5 used, and it is not necessary to make fixing members 5 that fit the rear end face of the energy absorbing assembly 3 as a whole, and use smaller fixing members 5 to reduce production costs.

[0080] The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels of the embodiment of the present invention improves the absorption capacity of impact energy and enhances the safety of the tunnel by setting up the energy absorption design of multi-layer energy absorption columns 31. The stability of the overall structure is enhanced by setting up the anchor rod assembly 4 and the fixing part 5. The support plate adopts the design of W-shaped metal plate to effectively reduce the transmission of dynamic load stress waves and protect the tunnel structure. The use of energy absorption material 32 filled in the energy absorption column 31 further enhances the protection effect and reduces the impact on the tunnel. The rock burst of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 can be protected and the stability of the support can be improved.

[0081] Furthermore, there may be multiple anchor rod assemblies 4, and the multiple anchor rod assemblies 4 are connected to the fixing members 5 in a corresponding manner to improve the stability of the anchoring.

[0082] The supporting method of the multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device of the rock burst tunnel according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0083] After the tunnel is expanded by brushing, the surrounding rock surface is sprayed to ensure the surface is sealed;

[0084] Grouting reinforcement is carried out on the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel;

[0085] Install multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact devices in impact ground pressure tunnels, and support the energy-absorbing and anti-impact devices.

[0086] Specifically, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, after the tunnel is brushed and expanded, and after the tunnel surrounding rock 1 is sprayed, the actual situation of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 is determined, for example, the material and structural strength of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 are determined. When the tunnel surrounding rock 1 is a seamless and stable supporting structure, there is no need to grout the tunnel. When there are gaps in the tunnel surrounding rock 1 structure, or the structural strength of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 is lower than the preset safety range, the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel is grouted. Then install the multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for the rock burst tunnel, and support the energy absorption device in the tunnel to install the energy absorption device.

[0087] The support method of the multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device of the impact ground pressure tunnel of the embodiment of the present invention improves the absorption capacity of the impact energy and enhances the safety of the tunnel by setting the energy absorption design of the multi-layer energy absorption column 31. By setting the anchor rod assembly 4 and the fixing member 5, the stability of the overall structure is enhanced. The support plate adopts the design of the W-shaped metal plate to effectively reduce the transmission of the dynamic load stress wave and protect the tunnel structure. In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "extension", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0088] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0089] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0090] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0091] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0092] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels, characterized in that: include: A support plate assembly, wherein the support plate assembly is in contact with the surrounding rock of the tunnel; An energy absorbing assembly, the energy absorbing assembly is connected to the support plate assembly, the energy absorbing assembly comprises a plurality of energy absorbing columns connected to each other, and the plurality of energy absorbing columns are stacked in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly, and the energy absorbing columns are filled with energy absorbing material; An anchor rod assembly and a fixing part, wherein the anchor rod assembly passes through the energy absorbing assembly and the supporting plate assembly to extend into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, one end of the anchor rod assembly away from the energy absorbing assembly and the supporting assembly is connected to the fixing part, and the fixing part is in contact with the energy absorbing assembly.

2. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy absorbing material is at least one of foam, rubber or fine sand.

3. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An energy absorbing component is provided between the supporting plate component and the surrounding rock.

4. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The cross-section of the energy absorbing column in the thickness direction of the supporting plate assembly is polygonal. The material of the energy absorbing column is concrete, and the wall thickness of the concrete is A, and 0.2m≤A≤0.4m.

5. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The support plate assembly includes a plurality of convex plates and support components connected in sequence, grooves are formed between adjacent convex plates, a support component is provided at one end of the convex plate facing the tunnel surrounding rock, the convex plate protrudes toward the support component, one end of the support component extends into the groove, and a concrete layer wrapping the support component is cast between the tunnel surrounding rock.

6. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The supporting component includes a steel mesh, supporting ribs and longitudinal ribs. The number of the supporting ribs is multiple, the number of the longitudinal ribs is multiple, at least one longitudinal rib is arranged in the groove, one end of the supporting rib is connected to the longitudinal rib, and the other end of the supporting rib is connected to the steel mesh.

7. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The convex plate includes a first section, a second section, a third section and a fourth section, wherein the first section is connected to one end of the second section, the other end of the second section is connected to one end of the third section, and the other end of the third section is connected to the fourth section. The third section and the fourth section and the first section on another connected convex plate form a groove, and the anchor rod assembly passes through the second section or the fourth section and is connected to the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

8. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The fourth section is arranged parallel to the first section in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly, and the dimension of the second section in the width direction of the support plate assembly is smaller than the dimension of the fourth section in the width direction. The extending direction of the fourth section has a preset angle B with the first section or the third section, and 30°≤B≤90°.

9. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The anchor rod assembly includes an anchor rod and a fixing plate sleeved on the anchor rod, the fixing member includes a connecting plate and a buffer plate sleeved on the anchor rod, the connecting plate contacts the energy absorbing assembly, one end of the connecting plate away from the energy absorbing assembly is connected to the buffer plate, and one end of the buffer plate away from the connecting plate contacts the fixing plate, The anchor rod passes through the energy absorbing assembly and the supporting plate assembly and is connected to the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

10. A method for supporting a multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device in a rock burst tunnel, characterized in that: include: After the tunnel is brushed and expanded, the surrounding rock surface is sprayed to ensure the surface is sealed; Grouting reinforcement is carried out on the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel; Install multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact devices in impact ground pressure tunnels, and support the energy-absorbing and anti-impact devices.

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