Intelligent Monitoring System and Method for Measuring the Disturbance Length Range of Heading Face Cyclic Tunneling

Abstract

An intelligent monitoring system and method for measuring the disturbance length range of heading cyclic tunneling. System: The tunneling vibration induction component includes a fixed hollow metal rod, an intelligent sensing module, and a vibration signal inductor; the intelligent sensing module includes a sensing housing, a microcontroller, a first storage module, a wireless transmission module, and a first power supply module; the acquisition and analysis terminal includes a casing, a display module, a wireless reception module, a calculation and analysis module, and a second power supply module. Method: Drill holes on the roof of the area to be supported behind the tunneling heading; install the tunneling vibration induction component; use the tunneling vibration induction component to collect vibration signals and store them; use the acquisition and analysis terminal to obtain the vibration signals and calculate the tunneling disturbance length range and the tunneling disturbance duration based on the vibration signals. The system and method can, through the cooperation of the tunneling vibration induction component and the acquisition and analysis terminal, conveniently and quickly and accurately monitor the tunneling disturbance duration and the effective length range of the tunneling disturbance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent mine safety monitoring, and specifically relates to an intelligent monitoring system and method for determining the disturbance length range of the heading cyclic tunneling. Background Art

[0002] The roadway deformation starts from excavation and is caused by disturbance. During tunneling, multiple disturbances generated by the heading cyclic tunneling are the leading inducements for the initial damage and subsequent instability of the anchoring system. The essence of the cyclic tunneling disturbance is to perform periodic loading and unloading on the adjacent anchor solids. During this periodic tunneling disturbance process, it is easy to cause micro-cracks and small deformations in the anchoring system. This kind of damage will continuously evolve with this as the root cause of failure, which will have an adverse impact on the long-term bearing performance of the roadway and also become a major threat to the safe production of mines. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the disturbance length range of the heading cyclic tunneling, which provides very clear engineering guidance for understanding and recognizing its disturbance intensity and strengthening the reinforcement support in this area, and has important scientific significance and theoretical value.

[0003] According to the engineering site application and relevant theoretical research, the current research solutions for the heading cyclic tunneling disturbance are relatively few. And the heading cyclic tunneling disturbance is the leading inducement for the surrounding rock deformation and instability. In the engineering site, there is a lack of methods and equipment for monitoring the disturbance length range of the heading cyclic tunneling, which is not conducive to the safe production work of coal mines. Currently, the main methods for monitoring the mine pressure during roadway tunneling are the surface displacement of the surrounding rock, the separation of rock mass cracks inside the surrounding rock, the working resistance of bolts and cables, etc. These conventional monitoring methods and their corresponding monitoring equipment are difficult to accurately monitor and judge the disturbance length range of the heading cyclic tunneling, and it is difficult to provide effective technical guidance for the targeted reinforcement support of the cyclic tunneling disturbance area. In order to effectively solve the above problems, there is an urgent need to provide an intelligent monitoring system and method for determining the disturbance length range of the heading cyclic tunneling to provide a more solid guarantee for the safe production operation of mines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring system and method for determining the disturbance length range of the heading cyclic tunneling. The system has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost, can realize the monitoring of vibration signals of rock masses at different levels of the roof, can provide strong technical support for accurately mastering the disturbance length range of the roadway heading cyclic tunneling, and is beneficial to ensuring the safe production work of coal mines; the monitoring and analysis results of the method are accurate, can efficiently and accurately determine the duration of the cyclic tunneling disturbance and the effective length range of the cyclic tunneling disturbance, and can provide a reliable technical means for overall comparative analysis of the influence of cyclic tunneling disturbance on rock masses at different levels, and has good application value.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring system for measuring the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling, comprising a tunneling vibration sensing component and a collection and analysis terminal;

[0006] The tunneling vibration sensing assembly includes a fixed hollow metal rod, an intelligent sensing module and a vibration signal sensor;

[0007] The fixed hollow metal rod includes an anchoring section and a sensing section. The anchoring section is located at the end of the fixed hollow metal rod. The sensing section is the portion of the fixed hollow metal rod outside the anchoring section. The sensing section is provided with a plurality of wire holes that are sequentially spaced along the length direction and are connected to the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod.

[0008] The intelligent sensing module includes a sensing housing, a microcontroller, a storage module 1, a wireless transmission module, and a power module 1; the top plate of the sensing housing is fixedly mounted on the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod, and a wire entry hole communicating with the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod is opened on the top plate of the sensing housing, and a signal transmission channel is opened on the bottom plate of the sensing housing; the wireless transmission module, microcontroller, storage module 1, and power module 1 are all mounted inside the sensing housing, and the wireless transmission module is embedded in the signal transmission channel; the microcontroller is respectively connected to the storage module 1, the wireless transmission module, and the power module 1;

[0009] There are multiple vibration signal sensors, which are fixedly mounted on the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod at intervals along the length direction of the sensing section. The wires connected to the vibration signal sensors pass through the wire holes and enter the interior of the fixed hollow metal rod, and are connected to the microcontroller after passing through the wire holes.

[0010] The acquisition and analysis terminal includes a housing, a display module, a wireless receiving module, a calculation and analysis module and a power supply module 2;

[0011] The housing is provided with a signal receiving channel connected to the inner cavity; the display module is embedded in the surface of the housing; the wireless receiving module, the calculation and analysis module and the power supply module 2 are all installed in the inner cavity of the housing, and the wireless receiving module is embedded in the signal receiving channel and is connected to the wireless transmitting module through wireless communication; the calculation and analysis module is respectively connected to the display module, the wireless receiving module and the power supply module 2.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to facilitate input of calculation parameters into the acquisition and analysis terminal, the acquisition and analysis terminal further includes an information input module, which is embedded in the surface of the housing and connected to the calculation and analysis module.

[0013] Furthermore, in order to ensure the connection strength, the sensing shell is connected to the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod by welding.

[0014] Further, in order to effectively meet the requirements of the rock formations at different levels of the roof for sensing and picking up the cyclic tunneling vibration signals at the tunneling face, the length of the fixed hollow metal rod is 2000 - 10000 mm, and the diameter is 30 - 60 mm; the length of the vibration signal inductor is 30 - 60 mm, the width is 20 - 40 mm, and the distance between two adjacent vibration signal inductors is 200 - 1000 mm.

[0015] Further, for the convenience of data storage and reading, the acquisition and analysis terminal further includes a second storage module, and the second storage module is connected to the calculation and analysis module.

[0016] In the present invention, by arranging an anchoring section at the end of the fixed hollow metal rod, it is convenient to firmly fix the end of the fixed hollow metal rod at the bottom of the drill hole by using an anchoring agent during the installation process, and thus it can be ensured that vibration signals can be stably and reliably obtained during the continuous monitoring process. A plurality of vibration signal sensors are sequentially installed at intervals along the length direction of the sensing section of the fixed hollow metal rod, which can effectively meet the requirements of the rock strata at different levels of the roof for sensing and picking up the vibration signals of the heading face cyclic tunneling, so that only one tunneling disturbance sensing component needs to be set to obtain the vibration signals of the rock strata at multiple different levels simultaneously. A plurality of wire passing holes are sequentially formed along the length direction on the sensing section of the fixed hollow metal rod, which is convenient for the wires connected to the vibration signal sensors to smoothly penetrate into the interior of the rod body and extend to the head end of the rod body, so that it is convenient to connect with the intelligent sensing module located at the head end of the rod body. At the same time, this setting method is beneficial to protecting the wires, and thus the situation that the wires are damaged due to being scratched by foreign objects will not occur, ensuring the reliable reception of vibration signals. By arranging a signal transmitting channel on the bottom plate of the sensing housing, it is beneficial to reduce the attenuation amplitude of the signal, and thus it can be ensured that the wireless signal passes through smoothly. Through the setting of the power supply module 1, it can stably supply power for the tunneling vibration sensing component, enabling it to have the ability to work offline, and thus there is no need to specially lay a power supply line for the tunneling disturbance sensing component. Fixing the sensing housing at the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod can expose the sensing housing outside the hole opening after the fixed hollow metal rod is installed in the drill hole, and thus it can be ensured that the wireless signal is transmitted reliably. By arranging a microcontroller in the intelligent sensing module, the intelligent sensing module can have a certain data processing ability. When receiving the vibration signal transmitted by the vibration signal sensor, the microcontroller can add a time stamp to it, and thus a time-sequential cyclic vibration signal with a time stamp can be formed. In this way, when the acquisition and analysis terminal processes the vibration signal subsequently, it is convenient to obtain the corresponding time information. Through the setting of the storage module 1, it is convenient to store and read data. In this way, the microcontroller can not only conveniently store the processed data into the storage module 1, but also, after the wireless communication link is established, conveniently read out the data from the storage module 1 and send it to the acquisition and analysis terminal through the wireless communication link. By arranging a wireless transmitting module in the intelligent sensing module and a wireless receiving module in the acquisition and analysis terminal at the same time, it is convenient to form a wireless communication link between the tunneling vibration sensing component and the acquisition and analysis terminal through the wireless connection between the wireless transmitting module and the wireless receiving module, and thus it can be ensured that reliable data transmission is carried out between the two. By arranging a display module on the machine shell, it is convenient to display relevant prompt information and relevant calculation results in real time, and thus it is convenient for the operator to intuitively view the prompt information and calculation results. Through the setting of the information input module, it is convenient for the operator to input the parameters required for calculation into the acquisition and analysis terminal by using the information input module, improving the flexibility of the system.Through the setting of Power Supply Module 2, power can be supplied to the acquisition and analysis terminal, enabling the acquisition and analysis terminal to have the ability to work offline, thus improving the portability. Through the setting of the calculation and analysis module, it is convenient to calculate the disturbance length range and the disturbance duration efficiently and accurately. By providing a signal receiving channel on the casing, it is beneficial to reduce the attenuation amplitude of the wireless signal, thereby ensuring the reliable transmission of the wireless signal.

[0017] The system has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost. Through the cooperation of the tunneling vibration induction component and the acquisition and analysis terminal, it can conveniently and quickly and accurately monitor the tunneling disturbance duration and the effective length range of the tunneling disturbance, and thus can provide strong technical support for accurately grasping the disturbance length range of the roadway heading cyclic tunneling, which is beneficial to ensuring the safe production of coal mines.

[0018] The present invention also provides an intelligent monitoring method for measuring the disturbance length range of the heading cyclic tunneling. Using an intelligent monitoring system for measuring the disturbance length range of the heading cyclic tunneling, it includes the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: During the tunneling operation of the tunneling equipment in the roadway, drill holes are constructed on the roof of the area to be supported behind the tunneling heading.

[0020] Step 2: Prepare a tunneling vibration induction component adapted to the size of the drill hole, insert the fixed hollow metal rod into the drill hole, and use resin anchoring agent to stably fix the anchoring section of the fixed hollow metal rod at the bottom of the drill hole, and expose the sensing housing outside the hole opening.

[0021] Step 3: After the tunneling vibration induction component is installed, start the tunneling operation. At the same time, measure the initial distance L0 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration induction component to the initial position of the tunneling heading, and input the initial distance L0 into the calculation and analysis module using the information input module. When the calculation and analysis module receives the initial distance L0, it stores it in the storage module 2. At the same time, record the current initial time T0 and store it in the storage module 2.

[0022] Step 4: As the tunneling heading continues to advance cyclically, the distance from the tunneling vibration induction component to the tunneling heading gradually increases. During the period when the tunneling heading is within the tunneling disturbance sensing range of the tunneling vibration induction component, each tunneling action will cause cyclic loading and unloading. The cyclic vibration signal generated during the cyclic loading and unloading process propagates through the coal and rock mass to the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod. At the same time, multiple vibration signal sensors are used to collect the cyclic vibration signal in real time and send it to the microcontroller. After receiving the cyclic vibration signal, the microcontroller adds a timestamp to it to form a time-sequenced cyclic vibration signal with a timestamp, and sends the time-sequenced cyclic vibration signal to the storage module 1 for storage.

[0023] Step Five: During the tunneling operation, manually hold the acquisition and analysis terminal to the position of the tunneling vibration induction component to perform signal acquisition operations. Within the effective transmission distance of the wireless signal, a wireless communication link is established between the wireless receiving module and the wireless transmitting module. When the wireless communication link is established, the calculation and analysis module records the current time as the signal acquisition time T3. At the same time, after the wireless communication link is established, the microcontroller reads the timing cyclic vibration signal in the storage module one and sends it to the calculation and analysis module through the wireless communication link;

[0024] After receiving the cyclic vibration signal, the calculation and analysis module first performs homogenous frequency processing to obtain the vibration signal after homogenous frequency processing, and then compares the vibration peak value of the vibration signal with A 临 If the vibration peak value of the vibration signal does not fall below A 临 , it is determined that the current vibration signal is invalid data, and the display module is used to display the invalid vibration data prompt information. At the same time, during the continuous forward cyclic tunneling process, step five is re-executed; if the vibration peak value of the vibration signal falls below A 临 , it is determined that the current vibration signal is valid data, and the display module is used to display the valid vibration data prompt information, and then step six is executed;

[0025] Step Six: Measure the acquisition distance L2 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration induction component to the current position of the tunneling face, and input the acquisition distance L2 into the calculation and analysis module through the information input module; the calculation and analysis module (9-3) extracts the critical time T1 corresponding to when the vibration peak value in the vibration signal first falls below A 临 , calculates the cyclic tunneling disturbance duration T2 according to formula (1), calculates the cyclic tunneling disturbance effective length range L1 according to formula (2), and then sends the cyclic tunneling disturbance duration T2 and the cyclic tunneling disturbance effective length range L1 to the display module for real-time display;

[0026] T2 = T1 - T0 (1);

[0027] L1 = L2 - V * (T3 - T1) (2);

[0028] In the formula, V is the tunneling speed.

[0029] Furthermore, in order to conveniently and accurately obtain the distance data from the installation position of the tunneling vibration induction component to the tunneling face position, in step three, the initial distance L0 is measured manually by using a rangefinder; in step six, the acquisition distance L2 is measured manually by using a rangefinder.

[0030] Furthermore, in order to accurately obtain A 临To ensure that the perturbation length range can be accurately obtained, in step six, A 临 The determination process is as follows: under laboratory conditions, an anchor bolt system is made using steel pipes, anchor bolts, and resin anchoring agents in the same proportion as the roof anchor bolt system in the tunnel engineering site, and the anchor bolt system is placed on a vibration table test device for vibration testing. The vibration intensity value corresponding to the debonding failure of the anchor bolt system under cyclic vibration is determined by the change in the working resistance of the anchor bolt and the acoustic emission monitoring of the damage event. 15% to 20% of this vibration intensity value is A 临 .

[0031] The present invention discloses a method for measuring the length range of a tunnel headway cyclic excavation disturbance, which is applicable to the fields of geotechnical engineering or shaft and tunnel engineering. Specifically, during the tunnel excavation process, a hole is drilled in the top plate immediately behind the tunnel headway and a tunneling vibration sensing component is installed. As the tunnel headway continues to cyclically excavate forward, the tunneling vibration sensing component will sense and receive the vibration signal of each cyclic excavation disturbance until the distance between the tunneling vibration sensing component and the tunnel headway exceeds a certain critical value (the influence of the cyclic excavation disturbance of the tunnel headway is weakened and tends to be zero), that is, the tunneling vibration sensing component is no longer within the cyclic excavation disturbance range of the tunnel headway. The vibration signal data sensed and stored by the tunneling vibration sensing component is collected and analyzed by an acquisition and analysis terminal, and the effective length range of the tunnel headway cyclic excavation disturbance and the corresponding disturbance duration range are calculated and analyzed by a calculation and analysis module of the acquisition and analysis terminal. After the tunneling vibration sensing component is installed, the initial distance L0 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration sensing component to the initial position of the tunneling head is measured and input into the calculation and analysis module, which can facilitate the calculation and analysis module to obtain the initial distance L0 and the initial time T0 corresponding to the initial distance L0. After the microprocessor receives the vibration signal, it adds a timestamp to the vibration signal, so that the vibration signal can be given time information. In this way, when the vibration peak of the vibration signal is lower than A for the first time, 临 When the peak value first falls below A, the 临 The critical time T1 corresponding to the time of the tunneling cycle T2 can be accurately obtained. When performing signal acquisition operations, the signal acquisition time T3 and the acquisition distance L2 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration sensing component to the current position of the tunneling head are recorded. The difference between the signal acquisition operation time T3 and the critical time T1 can be used to calculate the interval time between the two, and then the effective length range L1 of the tunneling disturbance can be accurately calculated based on the interval time, tunneling speed and acquisition distance L2. The vibration peak value of the vibration signal is compared with A 临 By comparison, the amplitude of the vibration peak can be effectively limited, thereby ensuring that only vibration signals with vibration amplitudes that meet the requirements are collected, and vibration signals with weaker amplitudes are not considered, ensuring that the conditions of the rock formation can be accurately analyzed using vibration signals that meet the requirements.

[0032] This method has a convenient construction process, an information-based and digital monitoring process with a high degree of digitization, accurate monitoring results, a high degree of integration and automation, which is convenient for workers to operate, reduces the labor intensity and monitoring difficulty of workers. At the same time, its monitoring and analysis results are accurate, which can provide strong technical support for accurately grasping the disturbance length range of the roadway heading cyclic tunneling. This method can possibly monitor the vibration signals of rock masses at different levels of the roof, providing a reliable technical means for overall comparative analysis of the influence of cyclic tunneling disturbance on rock masses at different levels, and has good application value. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention for measuring the disturbance length range of cyclic tunneling at the heading;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunneling vibration induction component in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the acquisition and analysis terminal in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the determination process of determining the critical time T1 and the effective disturbance length range L1 in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a principle block diagram of the system part in the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1, roadway; 2, tunneling equipment; 3, tunneling heading; 4, roof; 5, bolt; 6, drill hole; 7, resin anchoring agent; 8, tunneling vibration induction component; 8-1, fixed hollow metal rod; 8-2, vibration signal sensor; 8-3, wire; 8-4, intelligent perception module; 8-5, perception housing; 9, acquisition and analysis terminal; 9-1, display module; 9-2, wireless receiving module; 9-3, calculation and analysis module; 9-4, information input module; 9-5, signal receiving channel; 9-6, housing. Detailed Embodiments

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring system for measuring the disturbance length range of cyclic tunneling at the heading, including a tunneling vibration induction component 8 and an acquisition and analysis terminal 9;

[0041] The tunneling vibration induction component 8 includes a fixed hollow metal rod 8-1, an intelligent perception module 8-4 and a vibration signal sensor 8-2;

[0042] The fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 includes an anchoring section and a sensing section. The anchoring section is located at the end of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1. The sensing section is the part of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 other than the anchoring section, and a plurality of wire passing holes communicating with the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 are sequentially and spacedly formed in the length direction of the sensing section.

[0043] The intelligent sensing module 8-4 includes a sensing housing 8-5, a microcontroller, a first storage module, a wireless transmitting module, and a first power supply module. The top plate of the sensing housing 8-5 is fixedly installed at the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1, and a wire inlet hole communicating with the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 is formed in the top plate of the sensing housing 8-5. A signal transmitting channel is formed in the bottom plate of the sensing housing 8-5. The wireless transmitting module, the microcontroller, the first storage module, and the first power supply module are all installed inside the sensing housing 8-5, and the wireless transmitting module is embedded in the signal transmitting channel. The microcontroller is respectively connected to the first storage module, the wireless transmitting module, and the first power supply module.

[0044] The number of the vibration signal sensors 8-2 is multiple. The multiple vibration signal sensors 8-2 are sequentially and spacedly fixedly installed on the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 along the length direction of the sensing section. The wires 8-3 connected thereto pass through the wire passing holes and penetrate into the inside of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1, and are connected to the microcontroller after passing through the wire inlet hole.

[0045] The acquisition and analysis terminal 9 includes a housing 9-6, a display module 9-1, a wireless receiving module 9-2, a calculation and analysis module 9-3, and a second power supply module.

[0046] A signal receiving channel 9-5 communicating with the inner cavity is formed in the housing 9-6. The display module 9-1 is embedded on the surface of the housing 9-6. The wireless receiving module 9-2, the calculation and analysis module 9-3, and the second power supply module are all installed in the inner cavity of the housing 9-6. The wireless receiving module 9-2 is embedded in the signal receiving channel 9-5 and is connected to the wireless transmitting module by wireless communication. The calculation and analysis module 9-3 is respectively connected to the display module 9-1, the wireless receiving module 9-2, and the second power supply module.

[0047] In order to facilitate the input of calculation parameters to the acquisition and analysis terminal, the acquisition and analysis terminal 9 further includes an information input module 9-4. The information input module 9-4 is embedded on the surface of the housing 9-6 and is connected to the calculation and analysis module 9-3.

[0048] In order to ensure the connection strength, the sensing housing 8-5 is connected to the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 by welding.

[0049] In order to effectively meet the requirements of the rock formations at different roof levels for sensing and picking up the cyclic tunneling vibration signals at the tunneling face, the length of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 is 2000 - 10000 mm, and its diameter is 30 - 60 mm; the length of the vibration signal inductor 8-2 is 30 - 60 mm, and its width is 20 - 40 mm. The distance between two adjacent vibration signal inductors 8-2 is 200 - 1000 mm. As a preference, the number of vibration signal inductors 8-2 is three or four or five, or even more than five, to meet the requirements of the rock formations at different levels of the roof 4 for sensing and picking up the cyclic tunneling vibration signals at the tunneling face 3.

[0050] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the storage and reading of data, the acquisition and analysis terminal 9 further includes a second storage module, and the second storage module is connected to the calculation and analysis module 9-3.

[0051] In the present invention, by providing an anchoring section at the end of the fixed hollow metal rod, it is convenient to firmly fix the end of the fixed hollow metal rod at the bottom of the drill hole by using an anchoring agent during the installation process, and thus it can be ensured that vibration signals can be stably and reliably obtained during the continuous monitoring process. A plurality of vibration signal sensors are successively installed at intervals along the length direction of the sensing section of the fixed hollow metal rod, which can effectively meet the requirements of the rock strata at different levels of the roof for sensing and picking up the vibration signals of the heading face cyclic tunneling, so that only one heading disturbance sensing component needs to be set to simultaneously obtain the vibration signals of the rock strata at multiple different levels. A plurality of wire passing holes are successively formed along the length direction on the sensing section of the fixed hollow metal rod, which is convenient for the wires connected to the vibration signal sensors to smoothly penetrate into the interior of the rod body and extend to the head end of the rod body, so that it is convenient to connect with the intelligent sensing module located at the head end of the rod body. At the same time, this setting method is beneficial to protecting the wires, and thus the situation that the wires are damaged due to being scratched by foreign objects will not occur, ensuring the reliable reception of vibration signals. By providing a signal transmitting channel on the bottom plate of the sensing housing, it is beneficial to reduce the attenuation amplitude of the signal, and thus it can be ensured that the wireless signal passes through smoothly. Through the setting of the power supply module 1, it can stably supply power for the heading vibration sensing component, enabling it to have the ability to work offline, and thus there is no need to specially lay a power supply line for the heading disturbance sensing component. Fixing the sensing housing at the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod can expose the sensing housing outside the hole opening after the fixed hollow metal rod is installed in the drill hole, and thus it can be ensured that the wireless signal is transmitted reliably. By providing a microcontroller in the intelligent sensing module, the intelligent sensing module can have a certain data processing ability. When receiving the vibration signal transmitted by the vibration signal sensor, the microcontroller can add a time stamp to it, and thus a time-stamped sequential cyclic vibration signal can be formed. In this way, when the acquisition and analysis terminal processes the vibration signal subsequently, it is convenient to obtain the corresponding time information. Through the setting of the storage module 1, it is convenient to store and read data. In this way, the microcontroller can not only conveniently store the processed data in the storage module 1, but also, after the wireless communication link is established, conveniently read out the data from the storage module 1 and send it to the acquisition and analysis terminal through the wireless communication link. By providing a wireless transmitting module in the intelligent sensing module and a wireless receiving module in the acquisition and analysis terminal at the same time, it is convenient to form a wireless communication link between the heading vibration sensing component and the acquisition and analysis terminal through the wireless connection between the wireless transmitting module and the wireless receiving module, and thus it can be ensured that reliable data transmission is achieved between the two. By providing a display module on the machine shell, it is convenient to display relevant prompt information and relevant calculation results in real time, and thus it is convenient for the operator to intuitively view the prompt information and calculation results. Through the setting of the information input module, it is convenient for the operator to input the parameters required for calculation into the acquisition and analysis terminal by using the information input module, improving the flexibility of the system.Through the setting of the power supply module two, the power supply for the acquisition and analysis terminal can be provided, so that the acquisition and analysis terminal has the ability to work offline, thus improving the convenience of carrying. Through the setting of the calculation and analysis module, it is convenient to calculate the disturbance length range and the disturbance duration efficiently and accurately. By opening a signal receiving channel on the casing, it is beneficial to reduce the attenuation amplitude of the wireless signal, thus ensuring the reliable transmission of the wireless signal.

[0052] The system has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost. Through the cooperation of the tunneling vibration induction component and the acquisition and analysis terminal, the rapid and accurate monitoring of the tunneling disturbance duration and the effective length range of the tunneling disturbance can be conveniently realized, and thus strong technical support can be provided for accurately mastering the disturbance length range of the roadway heading cyclic tunneling, which is beneficial to ensuring the safe production work of the coal mine.

[0053] The present invention also provides an intelligent monitoring method for determining the disturbance length range of the heading cyclic tunneling. An intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of the heading cyclic tunneling is adopted, including the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: During the tunneling operation of the tunneling equipment 2 in the roadway 1, drill holes 6 are constructed on the roof 4 of the area to be supported behind the tunneling heading 3; as a preference, the depth of the drill hole 6 is adapted to the length of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1, and the diameter of the drill hole 6 is 4-6 mm larger than the sum of the diameter of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 and the width of the vibration signal inductor 8-2, so as to facilitate the smooth installation of the tunneling vibration induction component 8;

[0055] Step 2: Prepare a tunneling vibration induction component 8 adapted to the size of the drill hole 6, insert the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 into the drill hole 6, and use the resin anchor agent 7 to stably fix the anchoring section of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 at the bottom of the drill hole 6, and make the sensing housing 8-5 exposed outside the hole opening;

[0056] Step 3: After the tunneling vibration induction component 8 is installed, start the tunneling operation. At the same time, measure the initial distance L0 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration induction component 8 to the initial position of the tunneling heading 3, and input the initial distance L0 into the calculation and analysis module 9-3 by using the information input module 9-4. When the calculation and analysis module 9-3 receives the initial distance L0, it stores it in the second storage module. At the same time, record the current initial time T0 and store it in the second storage module;

[0057] Step 4: As the tunneling face 3 continues to advance in a cyclic manner, the distance between the tunneling vibration induction assembly 8 and the tunneling face 3 gradually increases. During the period when the tunneling face 3 is within the tunneling disturbance perception range of the tunneling vibration induction assembly 8, each tunneling action will cause cyclic loading and unloading. During the cyclic loading and unloading process, cyclic vibration signals are generated and propagated through the coal and rock mass to the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1. Meanwhile, multiple vibration signal sensors 8-2 are used to collect the cyclic vibration signals in real time and send them to the microcontroller. After receiving the cyclic vibration signals, the microcontroller adds a timestamp to them to form a time-sequenced cyclic vibration signal with a timestamp, and sends the time-sequenced cyclic vibration signal to the first storage module for storage;

[0058] Step 5: During the tunneling operation, signal collection operations are carried out by manually holding the acquisition and analysis terminal 9 to the location where the tunneling vibration induction assembly 8 is located. Within the effective transmission distance of the wireless signal, a wireless communication link is established between the wireless receiving module 9-2 and the wireless transmitting module. When the wireless communication link is established, the calculation and analysis module 9-3 records the current time as the signal collection time T3. At the same time, after the wireless communication link is established, the microcontroller reads the time-sequenced cyclic vibration signal in the first storage module and sends it to the calculation and analysis module 9-3 through the wireless communication link;

[0059] After receiving the cyclic vibration signal, the calculation and analysis module 9-3 first performs homogenous frequency processing to obtain the vibration signal after homogenous processing, and then compares the vibration peak value of the vibration signal with A 临 If the vibration peak value of the vibration signal does not fall below A 临 it is determined that the current vibration signal is invalid data, and an invalid vibration data prompt message is displayed through the display module 9-1. At the same time, during the continuous forward cyclic tunneling process, step 5 is re-executed; if the vibration peak value of the vibration signal falls below A 临 it is determined that the current vibration signal is valid data, and a valid vibration data prompt message is displayed through the display module 9-1, and then step 6 is executed;

[0060] Step 6: Measure the acquisition distance L2 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration induction assembly 8 to the current position of the tunneling face 3, and input the acquisition distance L2 into the calculation and analysis module 9-3 through the information input module 9-4; the calculation and analysis module (9-3) extracts from the vibration signal the first time the vibration peak value falls below A 临The corresponding critical time T1, calculate the cyclic tunneling disturbance duration T2 according to formula (1), calculate the effective length range L1 of the cyclic tunneling disturbance according to formula (2), and then send the cyclic tunneling disturbance duration T2 and the effective length range L1 of the cyclic tunneling disturbance to the display module 9-1 for real-time display; at the same time, the cyclic tunneling disturbance duration T2 and the effective length range L1 of the cyclic tunneling disturbance can also be sent to the second storage module for storage;

[0061] T2 = T1 - T0 (1);

[0062] L1 = L2 - V*(T3 - T1) (2);

[0063] In the formula, V is the tunneling speed.

[0064] In order to conveniently and accurately obtain the distance data from the installation position of the tunneling vibration induction component to the tunneling face position, in step three, the initial distance L0 is measured manually by a rangefinder; in step six, the collected distance L2 is measured manually by a rangefinder.

[0065] Working principle: In the tunneling disturbance range, each tunneling of the tunneling face 3 will cause cyclic loading and unloading, that is, it will cause the tunneling vibration induction component 8 to sense the cyclic vibration signal until the distance between the tunneling vibration induction component 8 and the tunneling face 3 exceeds a certain critical value, that is, the tunneling vibration induction component 8 is no longer within the cyclic tunneling disturbance range of the tunneling face 3. As Figure 4 shown, at the beginning of installing the tunneling vibration induction component 8, the distance between the installation position of the tunneling vibration induction component 8 and the tunneling face 3 is L0, and the corresponding initial time is T0. As the tunneling face 3 continues to tunnel forward cyclically, the distance between the tunneling vibration induction component 8 and the tunneling face 3 increases, and the intensity of the cyclic tunneling disturbance it receives becomes smaller, that is, the intensity signal of the cyclic vibration it senses gradually weakens until the peak value of the cyclic vibration intensity sensed by the tunneling vibration induction component 8 is first lower than A 临 , it is judged that the tunneling vibration induction component 8 changes from being affected by the cyclic tunneling disturbance of the tunneling face 3 to no longer being affected by its cyclic tunneling disturbance, and it is judged that the distance L1 and time T1 between the position of the corresponding tunneling vibration induction component 8 and the tunneling face 3 are valid data; if the peak value of the cyclic vibration intensity sensed by the tunneling vibration induction component 8 is not lower than A 临 , it is judged that the distance L1 and time T1 between the position of the tunneling vibration induction component 8 and the tunneling face 3 collected and analyzed at that time are invalid data, and during the continuous forward cyclic tunneling of the tunneling face 3, a signal acquisition operation is carried out again until the calculation and analysis module 9-3 determines that the collected data is valid data.

[0066] In order to accurately obtain A 临, to ensure that the disturbance length range can be accurately obtained. In step six, A 临 is determined as follows: Under laboratory conditions, an anchor bolt anchoring system is fabricated using steel pipes, anchor bolts, and resin anchoring agents in the same similarity ratio as the roof anchor bolt anchoring system at the roadway engineering site. The anchor bolt anchoring system is placed on a shaking table test device for a shaking test. By means of measures such as the change in the working resistance of the anchor bolt and acoustic emission monitoring of failure events, the vibration intensity value corresponding to the debonding failure of the anchor bolt anchoring system under cyclic vibration is determined. 15% - 20% of this vibration intensity value is A 临 .

[0067] The present invention discloses a method for measuring the disturbance length range of cyclic tunneling at the roadway heading, which is applicable to the fields of geotechnical engineering or roadway engineering. Specifically, during the roadway tunneling process, boreholes are drilled in the roof at a position closely following the roadway heading at the rear of the roadway heading, and a tunneling vibration sensing component is installed. As the heading continues to cyclically tunnel forward, the tunneling vibration sensing component will sense and receive the vibration signals of each cyclic tunneling disturbance until the distance from the tunneling vibration sensing component to the heading exceeds a certain critical value (the influence of cyclic tunneling disturbance at the heading weakens and tends to be nil), that is, the tunneling vibration sensing component is no longer within the cyclic tunneling disturbance range of the heading. The vibration signal data sensed and stored by the tunneling vibration sensing component is collected and analyzed by a collection and analysis terminal, and the effective length range of cyclic tunneling disturbance at the roadway heading and the corresponding disturbance duration range are calculated and analyzed through the calculation and analysis module of the collection and analysis terminal. After the tunneling vibration sensing component is installed, the initial distance L0 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration sensing component to the initial position of the tunneling heading is measured and input into the calculation and analysis module, which can facilitate the calculation and analysis module to obtain the initial distance L0 and the corresponding initial time T0 at the initial distance L0. After the microprocessor receives the vibration signal, a time stamp is added to the vibration signal, enabling the vibration signal to carry time information. In this way, when the vibration peak value of the vibration signal is first lower than A 临 , the critical time T1 corresponding to when the peak value is first lower than A 临 can be accurately extracted. Thus, the cyclic tunneling duration T2 can be accurately obtained. During the signal acquisition operation, the signal acquisition time T3 and the acquisition distance L2 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration sensing component to the current position of the tunneling heading are recorded, which can facilitate calculating the interval time between the two by using the difference between the signal acquisition operation time T3 and the critical time T1. Furthermore, based on this interval time, the tunneling speed, and the acquisition distance L2, the effective length range L1 of the tunneling disturbance can be accurately calculated. By comparing the vibration peak value of the vibration signal with A 临 , the amplitude of the vibration peak value can be effectively limited, and thus it can be ensured that only the vibration signals with vibration amplitudes meeting the requirements are collected, and the vibration signals with weaker amplitudes are not considered, ensuring that the situation of the rock formation can be accurately analyzed using the vibration signals meeting the requirements.

[0068] This method has convenient construction technology, high informatization and digitization levels during the monitoring process, accurate monitoring results, high integration and automation levels, is convenient for workers to operate, reduces the labor intensity and monitoring difficulty of workers. At the same time, its monitoring and analysis results are accurate, which can provide strong technical support for accurately grasping the disturbance length range of the roadway heading cyclic tunneling. This method may realize the vibration signal monitoring of rock masses at different roof levels, provides a reliable technical means for overall comparative analysis of the influence of cyclic tunneling disturbance on rock masses at different levels, and has good application value.

Claims

1. An intelligent monitoring system for measuring the disturbance length range of heading cyclic tunneling, including a tunneling vibration induction component (8), characterized in that, It further includes a collection and analysis terminal (9); The tunneling vibration sensing assembly (8) includes a fixed hollow metal rod (8-1), an intelligent sensing module (8-4), and a vibration signal inductor (8-2); The fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) includes an anchoring section and a sensing section. The anchoring section is located at the end of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1). The sensing section is the part of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) other than the anchoring section, and a plurality of wire passing holes communicating with the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) are sequentially spaced along the length direction of the sensing section; The intelligent sensing module (8-4) includes a sensing housing (8-5), a microcontroller, a first storage module, a wireless transmission module, and a first power module; The top plate of the sensing housing (8-5) is fixedly installed at the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1), and a wire inlet hole communicating with the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) is provided on the top plate of the sensing housing (8-5). A signal transmission channel is provided on the bottom plate of the sensing housing (8-5); The wireless transmission module, the microcontroller, the first storage module, and the first power module are all installed inside the sensing housing (8-5), and the wireless transmission module is embedded in the signal transmission channel; The microcontroller is respectively connected to the first storage module, the wireless transmission module, and the first power module; The number of the vibration signal inductors (8-2) is multiple. The multiple vibration signal inductors (8-2) are sequentially and spacedly fixedly installed on the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) along the length direction of the sensing section. The wires (8-3) connected thereto pass through the wire passing holes into the inside of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1), and are connected to the microcontroller after passing through the wire inlet hole; The collection and analysis terminal (9) includes a housing (9-6), a display module (9-1), a wireless reception module (9-2), a calculation and analysis module (9-3), and a second power module; A signal reception channel (9-5) communicating with the inner cavity is provided on the housing (9-6); The display module (9-1) is embedded on the surface of the housing (9-6); The wireless reception module (9-2), the calculation and analysis module (9-3), and the second power module are all installed in the inner cavity of the housing (9-6). The wireless reception module (9-2) is embedded in the signal reception channel (9-5) and is connected to the wireless transmission module by wireless communication; The calculation and analysis module (9-3) is respectively connected to the display module (9-1), the wireless reception module (9-2), and the second power module.

2. The intelligent monitoring system for measuring the disturbance length range of the head-on cyclic tunneling according to claim 1, wherein, The collection and analysis terminal (9) further includes an information input module (9-4). The information input module (9-4) is embedded on the surface of the housing (9-6) and is connected to the calculation and analysis module (9-3).

3. The intelligent monitoring system for measuring the disturbance length range of the face cyclic tunneling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sensing housing (8-5) is connected to the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) by welding.

4. An intelligent monitoring system for measuring the disturbance length range of the head-on cyclic tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) is 2000 to 10000 mm, and its diameter is 30 to 60 mm; the length of the vibration signal sensor (8-2) is 30 to 60 mm, and its width is 20 to 40 mm. The distance between two adjacent vibration signal sensors (8-2) is 200 to 1000 mm.

5. The intelligent monitoring system for measuring the head-on cyclic tunneling disturbance length range according to claim 1, wherein, The acquisition and analysis terminal (9) further includes a second storage module, and the second storage module is connected to the calculation and analysis module (9-3).

6. An intelligent monitoring method for determining the disturbance length range of heading cyclic tunneling, which uses an intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of heading cyclic tunneling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: During the tunneling operation of the tunneling equipment (2) in the roadway (1), drill holes (6) are constructed on the roof (4) of the area to be supported behind the tunneling face (3). Step 2: Prepare a tunneling vibration sensing assembly (8) adapted to the size of the drill hole (6), insert the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) into the drill hole (6), and use a resin anchor agent (7) to stably fix the anchoring section of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) at the bottom of the drill hole (6), and expose the sensing housing (8-5) outside the hole opening. Step 3: After the tunneling vibration sensing assembly (8) is installed, start the tunneling operation. At the same time, measure the initial distance L0 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration sensing assembly (8) to the initial position of the tunneling face (3), and input the initial distance L0 into the calculation and analysis module (9-3) using the information input module (9-4). When the calculation and analysis module (9-3) receives the initial distance L0, it stores it in the second storage module. At the same time, record the current initial time T0 and store it in the second storage module. Step 4: As the tunneling face (3) continues to tunnel forward in a cycle, the distance between the tunneling vibration sensing assembly (8) and the tunneling face (3) gradually increases. During the period when the tunneling face (3) is within the tunneling disturbance sensing range of the tunneling vibration sensing assembly (8), each tunneling action will cause cyclic loading and unloading. The cyclic vibration signals generated during the cyclic loading and unloading process are transmitted to the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) through the coal and rock mass. At the same time, multiple vibration signal sensors (8-2) are used to collect the cyclic vibration signals in real time and send them to the microcontroller. After receiving the cyclic vibration signals, the microcontroller adds a time stamp to them to form a time-sequenced cyclic vibration signal with a time stamp, and sends the time-sequenced cyclic vibration signal to the first storage module for storage. Step 5: During the tunneling operation, the acquisition and analysis terminal (9) is manually held to the location of the tunneling vibration sensing assembly (8) for signal acquisition. Within the effective transmission distance of the wireless signal, a wireless communication link is established between the wireless receiving module (9-2) and the wireless transmitting module. When the wireless communication link is established, the calculation and analysis module (9-3) records the current time as the signal acquisition time T3. At the same time, after the wireless communication link is established, the microcontroller reads the time-sequenced cyclic vibration signals in the first storage module and sends them to the calculation and analysis module (9-3) through the wireless communication link. After receiving the cyclic vibration signal, the calculation and analysis module (9-3) first performs homogenous frequency processing to obtain the vibration signal after homogenization processing, and then compares the vibration peak value of the vibration signal with A 临 If the vibration peak value of the vibration signal does not fall below A 临 , it is determined that the current vibration signal is invalid data, and the display module (9-1) is used to display the prompt information of invalid vibration data. At the same time, during the continuous forward cyclic tunneling process, step five is re-executed; if the vibration peak value of the vibration signal falls below A 临 , it is determined that the current vibration signal is valid data, and the display module (9-1) is used to display the prompt information of valid vibration data, and then step six is executed; Step 6: Measure the acquisition distance L2 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration induction component (8) to the current position of the tunneling face (3), and input the acquisition distance L2 into the calculation and analysis module (9-3) through the information input module (9-4); the calculation and analysis module (9-3) extracts the critical time T1 corresponding to when the vibration peak value is first lower than A 临 from the vibration signal, calculates the cyclic tunneling disturbance duration T2 according to formula (1), calculates the effective length range L1 of the cyclic tunneling disturbance according to formula (2), and then sends the cyclic tunneling disturbance duration T2 and the effective length range L1 of the cyclic tunneling disturbance to the display module (9-1) for real-time display; T2 = T1 - T0 (1); L1 = L2 - V * (T3 - T1) (2); In the formula, V is the tunneling speed.

7. The intelligent monitoring method for measuring the disturbance length range of the face cyclic tunneling according to claim 6, wherein, In Step 3, the initial distance L0 is measured manually using a rangefinder; in Step 6, the collected distance L2 is measured manually using a rangefinder.

8. An intelligent monitoring method for measuring the disturbance length range of the head-on cyclic tunneling according to claim 7, characterized in that, In Step 6, A 临 is determined as follows: Under laboratory conditions, an anchor bolt anchoring system is fabricated using steel pipes, anchor bolts, and resin anchor agents in the same similarity ratio as the roof bolt anchoring system at the roadway engineering site. The anchor bolt anchoring system is then placed on a shaking table test device for a vibration test. By means of the change in the working resistance of the anchor bolt and the measure of acoustic emission monitoring of failure events, the vibration intensity value corresponding to the debonding failure of the anchor bolt anchoring system under cyclic vibration is determined. 15% - 20% of this vibration intensity value is A 临 .

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