Low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system and control method with tail gas self-treatment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a low-emission, zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with self-treatment of exhaust gas and a control method, comprising: a pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system, a NOx decomposition system, an ammonia-hydrogen engine, an air source, and an ammonia source. The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system of the present invention utilizes flameless combustion technology and ammonia thermal decomposition technology to achieve the recycling of engine exhaust gas and decompose ammonia into hydrogen. The NOx decomposition system utilizes thermal decomposition technology of nitrogen oxides to achieve the recycling of waste heat of combustion exhaust gas of a pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace and decompose nitrogen oxides in the engine exhaust gas into nitric oxide. The ammonia-hydrogen engine utilizes engine combustion to perform work, thereby achieving thermal utilization of ammonia and generating combustion-supporting exhaust gas required by the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, and in particular to a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with exhaust gas self-treatment and a control method. Background Art

[0002] Ammonia, as a clean fuel, produces no carbon dioxide during combustion, has high energy density, and offers excellent storage and transport properties. It is considered crucial for future energy transitions. To reduce the environmental impact of engines, ammonia-hydrogen engines are being developed by leveraging the combustion characteristics of ammonia and hydrogen, achieving truly efficient, clean, zero-carbon combustion. However, direct combustion of ammonia produces significant amounts of nitrogen oxides (NOx).

[0003] For example, the engine system based on plasma-assisted ammonia combustion and ammonia catalytic cracking disclosed in Patent No. CN115199442A provides a method for reducing NOx emissions, but still requires an additional exhaust gas treatment device, which increases the complexity and cost of the system. At the same time, the exhaust gas treatment device requires additional heat and ammonia to provide working conditions for the device, which wastes the energy of the engine system and reduces the overall energy efficiency of the system. In addition, although a heat recovery method for engine waste gas is provided, it does not take into account that NO can play a combustion-supporting role in ammonia combustion, thereby wasting the engine waste gas. Moreover, due to the low temperature of the engine waste gas, the heat recovery efficiency is too low.

[0004] To address the above issues, the present invention proposes a low-emission, zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with self-processing exhaust gases. The system aims to achieve the following: 1. A system that provides self-processing exhaust gases, low emissions, zero carbon emissions, and efficient energy utilization. 2. Achieving pure ammonia flameless combustion technology for engine exhaust gas co-combustion under low oxygen concentrations. 3. Achieving effective decomposition and efficient thermal utilization of NOx in engine exhaust gases. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with self-treatment of exhaust gas to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art and at least provide a beneficial option or create conditions.

[0006] The technical solutions adopted to solve the above technical problems are:

[0007] The present invention provides a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with tail gas self-treatment, comprising:

[0008] A pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system comprises a pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace and an ammonia decomposition chamber with a partition heat exchange relationship, wherein the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace is provided with a first combustion exhaust gas outlet, a pure ammonia combustion nozzle, and a combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle; and the ammonia decomposition chamber is provided with an ammonia decomposition gas output port, an ammonia gas input port to be decomposed, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst filled in the ammonia decomposition chamber.

[0009] The NOx decomposition system comprises a NOx decomposition chamber and a combustion exhaust gas heating chamber with a partition wall heat exchange relationship, the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber is provided with a combustion exhaust gas input port and a second combustion exhaust gas outlet, the combustion exhaust gas input port is connected to the first combustion exhaust gas outlet, the NOx decomposition chamber is provided with an engine exhaust gas input port, a combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port, and a NOx decomposition catalyst filled in the NOx decomposition chamber, the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port is connected to the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle;

[0010] An ammonia-hydrogen engine is provided with an engine fuel input end and an engine exhaust gas output end, wherein the engine exhaust gas output end is connected to the engine exhaust gas input port, and the engine fuel input end is connected to the ammonia decomposition gas output port;

[0011] an air source connected to the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle;

[0012] An ammonia source is connected to the ammonia input port to be decomposed, the pure ammonia combustion nozzle, and the engine fuel input port respectively.

[0013] The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] During operation, the ammonia source supplies a set amount of ammonia to the ammonia input port to be decomposed, the pure ammonia combustion nozzle, and the engine fuel input port respectively. The pure ammonia combustion nozzle sprays ammonia into the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace for combustion, generating high-temperature combustion exhaust gas and providing necessary heat for the ammonia decomposition chamber. The high-temperature combustion exhaust gas is passed into the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber and heats the NOx decomposition chamber; the ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen in the ammonia decomposition chamber, and the hydrogen is used as a combustion-supporting fuel and is passed into the ammonia-hydrogen engine together with the ammonia to achieve combustion and work, and generate engine exhaust gas. The nitrogen carried by the engine exhaust gas The oxides are introduced into the NOx decomposition chamber, and the nitrogen oxides are decomposed into nitrogen monoxide by the NOx decomposition catalyst to form combustion-supporting exhaust gas. The combustion-supporting exhaust gas is mixed with a set amount of air to form a combustion-supporting mixture with a set oxygen concentration. The combustion-supporting mixture is sprayed into the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace through the combustion-supporting mixture nozzle, and mixed with ammonia for flameless combustion to suppress the formation of NOx, and obtain high-temperature combustion exhaust gas and heat for heating the ammonia decomposition chamber. Not only does it utilize the nitrogen oxides produced by the ammonia-hydrogen engine, but also through optimized combustion technology, almost no additional nitrogen oxide emissions are generated.

[0015] The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system of the present invention utilizes flameless combustion technology and ammonia thermal decomposition technology to achieve the reuse of engine exhaust gas and decompose ammonia into hydrogen. The NOx decomposition system utilizes the thermal decomposition technology of nitrogen oxides to achieve the reuse of the waste heat of the combustion exhaust gas of the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace and decompose the nitrogen oxides in the engine exhaust gas into nitric oxide. The ammonia-hydrogen engine utilizes engine combustion to perform work, realizes the thermal utilization of ammonia, and produces the combustion-supporting exhaust gas required by the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a high-pressure hydrogen buffer tank and an ammonia decomposition gas compressor are sequentially provided between the engine fuel input end and the ammonia decomposition gas output port.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a combustion-supporting gas flow detector is provided between the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle and the combustion-supporting tail gas output port.

[0018] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, an air compressor and an air flow controller are sequentially provided between the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle and the air source.

[0019] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the combustion-supporting mixture gas nozzle is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path, the air source is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path through a boost air gas path, the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path through a combustion-supporting exhaust gas path, the air compressor and the air flow controller are arranged in the boost air gas path, and the combustion-supporting gas flow detector is arranged in the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path.

[0020] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the ammonia decomposition chamber is provided with a plurality of guide vanes, which are arranged in an alternating staggered manner along the direction from the ammonia gas input port to be decomposed to the ammonia decomposition gas output port to form a serpentine baffle channel, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst is filled in the baffle channel.

[0021] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the ammonia decomposition chamber is arranged around the outer periphery of the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace, and the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace and the ammonia decomposition chamber are separated by an annular combustion furnace wall.

[0022] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the pure ammonia combustion nozzle and the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle are relatively distributed at two ends inside the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace.

[0023] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the NOx decomposition system is provided with a NOx decomposition tube, which passes through the combustion exhaust gas heating cavity. The NOx decomposition cavity is formed inside the NOx decomposition tube, and the two ports of the NOx decomposition tube are respectively the engine exhaust gas inlet and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas outlet.

[0024] The present invention further proposes a control method, which is applied to the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system. The control method includes:

[0025] According to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine, ammonia gas is introduced into the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace, the ammonia decomposition chamber and the ammonia-hydrogen engine respectively according to a preset ammonia supply amount;

[0026] The ammonia decomposition chamber is heated by the pure ammonia counter-fired flameless combustion furnace to decompose the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition chamber into hydrogen, which is then supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine for combustion and work;

[0027] The engine exhaust gas generated by the operation of the ammonia-hydrogen engine is passed into the NOx decomposition chamber, and the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion in the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace is passed into the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber, and the NOx decomposition chamber is heated to decompose NOx in the engine exhaust gas into NO to form combustion-supporting exhaust gas;

[0028] Mixing air of a preset air flow rate with the combustion-supporting tail gas to form a combustion-supporting mixed gas with a preset oxygen concentration;

[0029] The combustion-supporting mixed gas is introduced into the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace and mixed with ammonia for flameless combustion to suppress the generation of NOx and obtain the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas and heat for heating the ammonia decomposition chamber.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the control method of the present invention are: being able to meet the real-time and rapid flow control requirements of the ammonia-hydrogen engine system under all operating conditions, the continuous and efficient NOx effective decomposition, and the continuous and stable hydrogen production requirements.

[0031] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0033] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2This is a front cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 1. This is a cross-sectional view of a one-way stop mechanism of an embodiment of the NOx decomposition system provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a gas flow diagram of an embodiment of the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a control flow chart of an embodiment of a control method for a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure Number:

[0039] Pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100; pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110; pure ammonia combustion nozzle 111; combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle 112; first combustion exhaust gas outlet 113; combustion ammonia gas path 114; combustion-supporting mixed gas gas path 115; combustion exhaust gas gas path 116; furnace wall 117; ammonia decomposition chamber 120; ammonia decomposition catalyst 121; inlet for ammonia to be decomposed 122; outlet for ammonia decomposition gas 123; gas path for ammonia to be decomposed 124; gas path for ammonia decomposition gas 125; guide vane 126;

[0040] NOx decomposition system 200; NOx decomposition catalyst 201; NOx decomposition chamber 202; combustion exhaust gas heating chamber 203; exhaust gas inlet 204; combustion-supporting exhaust gas outlet 205; combustion exhaust gas inlet 206; second combustion exhaust gas outlet 207; combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208; combustion-supporting gas flow detector 209; NOx decomposition tube 210;

[0041] Ammonia hydrogen engine 300; engine fuel input 301; engine exhaust output 302; engine ammonia gas line 303; engine exhaust gas line 304; air source 400; air compressor 401; air flow controller 402; boost air gas line 403;

[0042] Ammonia source 500;

[0043] High-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 600; ammonia decomposition gas compressor 601. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientation, such as the orientation or positional relationship indicated by up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" refers to more than two. The use of "first" or "second" is solely for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, and connecting should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0048] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0049] To address the challenges of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a low-emission, zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with self-processing exhaust. The system aims to achieve the following: 1. A low-emission, zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with self-processing exhaust, high energy efficiency. 2. Pure ammonia flameless combustion technology for engine exhaust co-combustion under low oxygen concentrations. 3. Effective decomposition and efficient thermal utilization of NOx in engine exhaust.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system of the present invention includes a pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100, a NOx decomposition system 200, an ammonia-hydrogen engine 300, an air source 400 and an ammonia source 500.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 of this embodiment includes a pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 and an ammonia decomposition chamber 120, and the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 and the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 have a partition heat exchange relationship.

[0052] In order to improve the efficiency of heat exchange, the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 of this embodiment is arranged around the outer periphery of the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace 110, and the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace 110 and the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 are separated by an annular combustion furnace wall 117.

[0053] The pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 of this embodiment is provided with a first combustion exhaust gas outlet 113, a pure ammonia combustion nozzle 111 and a combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle 112. The pure ammonia combustion nozzle 111 is connected to the ammonia source 500 via a combustion ammonia gas path 114. The pure ammonia combustion nozzle 111 is used to spray ammonia into the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 for combustion. The combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle 112 is used to spray the combustion-supporting mixed gas into the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 for combustion. The first combustion exhaust gas outlet 113 is used to discharge the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion in the furnace.

[0054] In order to help form flameless combustion, the pure ammonia combustion nozzle 111 and the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle 112 of this embodiment are relatively distributed at the two ends of the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110. This layout promotes the uniform mixing of ammonia and combustion-supporting mixed gas by increasing the flow velocity in the combustion chamber, stabilizing the flow field, and prolonging the gas residence time, thereby reducing the average oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber to between 5% and 15%, thereby forming a stable flameless combustion flame. At the same time, flameless combustion can reduce the temperature of the combustion flame and inhibit the formation of nitrogen oxides.

[0055] The ammonia decomposition chamber 120 is provided with an ammonia decomposition gas output port 123, an ammonia gas input port 122 to be decomposed, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst 121 filled in the interior of the ammonia decomposition chamber 120. The ammonia decomposition catalyst 121 is used to decompose ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen by endothermic catalytic decomposition. The ammonia gas input port 122 to be decomposed is connected to the ammonia source 500 through the ammonia gas path 124 to be decomposed. The ammonia decomposition catalyst 121 directly improves the ammonia decomposition efficiency and accelerates the production of hydrogen and nitrogen. The ammonia decomposition catalyst 121 is evenly filled in the interior of the chamber, ensuring sufficient contact between ammonia and the catalyst and maximizing the decomposition reaction. The ammonia gas input port 122 to be decomposed is connected to the ammonia source 500, ensuring a stable supply of ammonia and providing a continuous raw material flow for the ammonia decomposition reaction.

[0056] In order to improve the efficiency of catalytic decomposition of ammonia, the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 is provided with a plurality of guide vanes 126. The plurality of guide vanes 126 are arranged in an alternating staggered arrangement along the direction from the ammonia input port 122 to be decomposed to the ammonia decomposition gas output port 123 to form a serpentine baffle channel, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst 121 is filled in the baffle channel.

[0057] The alternating arrangement of the guide vanes 126 within the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 not only optimizes gas flow but also significantly improves heat exchange efficiency. This design enhances the decomposition effect of ammonia by increasing the contact time between the gas and the catalyst. At the same time, the catalyst filled between the guide vanes 126 further improves the catalytic efficiency, ensuring efficient conversion of ammonia.

[0058] like Figure 3As shown, the NOx decomposition system 200 of this embodiment includes a NOx decomposition chamber 202 and a combustion exhaust gas heating chamber 203 with a partition wall heat exchange relationship, the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber 203 is provided with a combustion exhaust gas inlet 206 and a second combustion exhaust gas outlet 207, the combustion exhaust gas inlet 206 is connected to the first combustion exhaust gas outlet 113 through the combustion exhaust gas gas path 116, the NOx decomposition chamber 202 is provided with an engine exhaust gas inlet 204, a combustion-supporting exhaust gas outlet 205 and a NOx decomposition catalyst 201 filled in the NOx decomposition chamber 202, the NOx decomposition catalyst 201 is used to decompose N2O and NO2 in nitrogen oxides into NO by endothermic catalytic decomposition, and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas outlet 205 is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture nozzle 112 through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208.

[0059] Specifically, the NOx decomposition system 200 of this embodiment is provided with a NOx decomposition tube 210, which passes through the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber 203, and the NOx decomposition chamber 202 is formed inside the NOx decomposition tube 210. The two ports of the NOx decomposition tube 210 are respectively the engine exhaust gas input port 204 and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port 205.

[0060] The NOx decomposition chamber 202 of this embodiment can effectively utilize the residual heat of the combustion exhaust gas of the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace 110, optimize the thermal management of the system, and the exhaust gas after internal heat exchange treatment is discharged through the second combustion exhaust gas outlet 207, ensuring full utilization of the exhaust gas thermal energy.

[0061] The ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 is provided with an engine fuel input terminal 301 and an engine exhaust gas output terminal 302. The engine exhaust gas output terminal 302 is connected to the engine exhaust gas input port 204 via the engine exhaust gas path 304. The engine fuel input terminal 301 is connected to the ammonia source 500 via the engine ammonia gas path 303, thereby ensuring a stable supply of ammonia and guaranteeing the efficient operation of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300. The engine fuel input terminal 301 is connected to the ammonia decomposition gas output port 123 via the ammonia decomposition gas path 125.

[0062] The NOx decomposition catalyst 201 is evenly filled inside the cavity, ensuring sufficient contact between the engine exhaust and the catalyst, maximizing the decomposition reaction of nitrogen oxides; the design of the NOx decomposition tube 210 allows the engine exhaust to enter through the engine exhaust inlet 204, decompose nitrogen oxides under the action of the catalyst, and then transport the generated combustion-supporting exhaust gas to the next link of the system through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port 205, realizing efficient exhaust gas treatment and energy recycling.

[0063] The air source 400 is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture nozzle 112. Specifically, the inlet of the combustion-supporting mixture nozzle 112 of this embodiment is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115. The air source 400 is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115 through the boost air gas path 403. The combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port 205 is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115 through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208. The air and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas are mixed in the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115 and then introduced into the combustion-supporting mixture nozzle 112.

[0064] In order to reduce the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115, this embodiment mixes air with the combustion-supporting exhaust gas through the gas path. This design not only ensures the formation and stability of the flameless combustion flame in the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110, but also makes full use of the nitric oxide combustion component contained in the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and the overall stability of the system.

[0065] Furthermore, the boost air circuit 403 of this embodiment is provided with an air compressor 401 and an air flow controller 402, and the combustion exhaust gas circuit 208 is provided with a combustion exhaust gas flow detector 209. The combustion exhaust gas circuit 208 is added with a combustion exhaust gas flow detector 209 to monitor the combustion exhaust gas flow and generate data, and the data is transmitted to the air flow controller 402. The air flow controller 402 adjusts the air flow accordingly to control the oxygen concentration in the combustion mixture. An air compressor 401 is added to the boost air circuit 403 to increase the air pressure to ensure that the air can effectively enter the higher-pressure combustion mixture circuit 115 to meet the pressure requirements of the engine exhaust gas circuit 304 and the combustion exhaust gas circuit 208. An air flow controller 402 is added to the boost air circuit 403 to receive data from the combustion exhaust gas flow detector 209 on the combustion exhaust gas circuit 208 and regulate the air flow according to the data.

[0066] In this embodiment, a high-pressure hydrogen cache tank 600 and an ammonia decomposition gas compressor 601 are sequentially arranged on the ammonia decomposition gas path 125. The high-pressure hydrogen cache tank 600 on the ammonia decomposition gas path 125 is used to achieve efficient matching between the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 and the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 under variable working conditions. The introduction of the high-pressure hydrogen cache tank 600 can stabilize the hydrogen supply flow, ensuring that the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 can obtain sufficient hydrogen support under various working conditions, and effectively alleviate the problem of unstable hydrogen supply caused by demand fluctuations.

[0067] First, if Figure 4As shown, the present invention uses ammonia as the sole heat source of the system. In the pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100, a portion of the ammonia is burned in the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 to produce high-temperature combustion exhaust gas, while providing the necessary heat for the ammonia decomposition chamber 120. This process not only utilizes the nitrogen oxides produced by the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300, but also, through optimized combustion technology, produces almost no additional nitrogen oxide emissions. The other portion of the ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen in the ammonia decomposition chamber 120, and the required heat is provided by the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110.

[0068] Next, the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace 110 and the hydrogen gas from the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 are respectively directed to the NOx decomposition system 200 and the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300. After efficient heat exchange, the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas reaches a temperature of approximately 600°C, with a large flow rate and high heat. It effectively decomposes nitrogen oxides in the engine exhaust gas through the NOx decomposition system 200, forming a combustion-supporting exhaust gas. This exhaust gas is then mixed with air and passed into the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace 110 to assist in the combustion of the ammonia and the formation of flameless combustion. Hydrogen, acting as a combustion-supporting fuel, is passed into the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 along with the ammonia gas to achieve combustion and power generation, thereby generating engine exhaust gas.

[0069] Finally, the nitrogen oxides carried by the engine exhaust gas are passed to the NOx decomposition system 200, and after decomposition, they are passed into the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 for combustion and combustion, and finally return to the NOx decomposition system 200 together with the exhaust gas after ammonia combustion. This layout not only improves the efficiency of NOx decomposition, but also provides the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 with the necessary combustion-supporting mixture through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port 205, further promotes the flameless combustion of ammonia, realizes the closed-loop treatment of exhaust gas and the recycling of energy, and improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0070] The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 of the present invention utilizes flameless combustion technology and ammonia thermal decomposition technology to achieve the reuse of engine exhaust gas and decompose ammonia into hydrogen; the NOx decomposition system 200 utilizes the thermal decomposition technology of nitrogen oxides to achieve the reuse of the waste heat of the combustion exhaust gas of the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110, and decomposes the nitrogen oxides in the engine exhaust gas into nitric oxide; the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 utilizes engine combustion to perform work, realizes the thermal utilization of ammonia, and produces the combustion-supporting exhaust gas required by the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also proposes a control method applied to a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system, the control method comprising:

[0072] Step S100: According to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300, ammonia gas is introduced into the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace 110, the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 and the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 according to a preset ammonia supply amount;

[0073] Step S200: The ammonia decomposition chamber 120 is heated by the pure ammonia counter-fired flameless combustion furnace 110 to decompose the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 into hydrogen, which is then supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 for combustion and work.

[0074] Step S300: The engine exhaust gas generated by the operation of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 is passed into the NOx decomposition chamber 202, and the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace 110 is passed into the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber 203, and the NOx decomposition chamber 202 is heated to decompose NOx in the engine exhaust gas into NO to form combustion-supporting exhaust gas;

[0075] Step S400: mixing air of a preset air flow rate with combustion-supporting exhaust gas to form a combustion-supporting mixed gas with a preset oxygen concentration;

[0076] Step S500: The combustion-supporting mixed gas is introduced into the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace 110 and mixed with ammonia for flameless combustion to suppress the generation of NOx and obtain high-temperature combustion exhaust gas and heat for heating the ammonia decomposition chamber 120.

[0077] In step S400, the combustion-supporting gas flow rate is monitored by the combustion-supporting gas flow rate detector 209 and data is generated. The data is transmitted to the air flow controller 402, and the air flow controller 402 adjusts the air flow rate accordingly to control the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting gas mixture. In this embodiment, the oxygen concentration of the combustion-supporting gas mixture gas path 115 is controlled to be between 5% and 15%, forming a stable pure ammonia flameless combustion flame.

[0078] The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system of the present invention meets the requirements of real-time and rapid flow control, continuous and efficient NOx effective decomposition, and continuous and stable hydrogen production under all operating conditions of the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system. The full operating conditions of the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system refer to the entire process of linear operating condition changes between the lowest operating condition and the highest operating condition of the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system. For different operating conditions of the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system and in combination with the functions of various components of the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system, the specific control method is as follows:

[0079] When the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system is in the lowest operating condition, the specific control method is as follows:

[0080] The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously supplies hydrogen, and the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 operates stably at the lowest operating condition. The engine exhaust flow rate entering the NOx decomposition system 200 through the engine exhaust gas path 304 is low, and the flow rate through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 is also low. The combustion-supporting gas flow rate detector 209 detects that the flow rate in this gas path is low and feeds the result back to the air flow controller 402. The air flow controller 402 reduces the air flow rate of the boost air gas path 403 so that after the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 and the boost air gas path 403 merge into the combustion-supporting mixed gas path 115, the oxygen concentration of the combustion-supporting mixed gas path 115 is maintained between 5% and 15%. At this time, the pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously and quantitatively produces ammonia decomposition gas. However, since the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 has a low demand for ammonia decomposition gas, the excess ammonia decomposition gas is temporarily stored in the high-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 600 after being pressurized by the ammonia decomposition gas compressor 601.

[0081] When the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system is operating at its highest operating condition, the specific control method is as follows:

[0082] The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously supplies hydrogen, and the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 operates stably at its highest operating condition. The engine exhaust flow rate entering the NOx decomposition system 200 through the engine exhaust gas path 304 is high, and the flow rate through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 is also high. The combustion-supporting exhaust gas flow detector 209 detects this flow rate as high and feeds the result back to the air flow controller 402. The air flow controller 402 increases the air flow rate in the boost air path 403, ensuring that the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115 is maintained between 5% and 15% after the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 and the boost air path 403 merge into the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115. At this point, the pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously and quantitatively produces ammonia decomposition gas, and the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 consumes the decomposition gas at the same rate as the demand, so all the decomposition gas is supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300.

[0083] The specific control method of the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system under variable operating conditions is as follows:

[0084] The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously supplies hydrogen, and the operating conditions of the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 change. The engine exhaust flow rate entering the NOx decomposition system 200 through the engine exhaust gas path 304 changes, and the flow rate through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 also changes. The combustion-supporting gas flow detector 209 detects the change in the gas path flow rate and feeds the result back to the air flow controller 402. The air flow controller 402 controls the air flow of the boost air path 403 in real time according to the feedback result, so that the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 and the boost air path 403 merge into the combustion-supporting gas path 208. After the combustion mixture gas path 115, the oxygen concentration of the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115 is maintained between 5% and 15%; at this time, the pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously and quantitatively produces ammonia decomposition gas. When the operating condition of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 changes from high to low, the excess ammonia decomposition gas is pressurized by the ammonia decomposition gas compressor 603 and temporarily stored in the high-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 600; when the operating condition of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 changes from low to high, the ammonia decomposition gas will all be supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300. If there is a short-term shortage of ammonia decomposition gas production, the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 can obtain ammonia decomposition gas from the high-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 600.

[0085] At minimum operating conditions, the Ammonia-Hydrogen Engine 300 controls oxygen concentration by reducing air flow, adapting to the engine's reduced oxygen demand and preventing energy loss and over-combustion. Precisely controlling the flow of combustion-supporting exhaust gas and boost air maintains stable combustion. The system dynamically adjusts to varying operating conditions, enhancing flexibility and reliability. Excess ammonia decomposition gas is stored for use when demand increases. These measures improve combustion efficiency and ensure efficient system operation at low loads.

[0086] At peak operating conditions, the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 increases air flow to meet the engine's increased oxygen demand, maintaining the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting mixture path 115 between 5-15% to ensure efficient combustion. The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously and quantitatively produces ammonia decomposition gas to meet energy demands under high operating conditions.

[0087] The ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 adjusts air flow in real time to respond to changing operating conditions, maintaining an oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting mixture path 115 between 5% and 15%, ensuring combustion efficiency and stable power output. Excess ammonia decomposition gas is stored for use when demand increases, or drawn from the high-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 600 when demand decreases, enabling flexible energy allocation.

[0088] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" indicate that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative uses of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0089] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with exhaust gas self-treatment, characterized in that: include: A pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system comprises a pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace and an ammonia decomposition chamber with a partition heat exchange relationship, wherein the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace is provided with a first combustion exhaust gas outlet, a pure ammonia combustion nozzle, and a combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle; and the ammonia decomposition chamber is provided with an ammonia decomposition gas output port, an ammonia gas input port to be decomposed, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst filled in the ammonia decomposition chamber. The NOx decomposition system includes a NOx decomposition chamber and a combustion exhaust gas heating chamber with a partition wall heat exchange relationship, the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber is provided with a combustion exhaust gas input port and a second combustion exhaust gas outlet, the combustion exhaust gas input port is connected to the first combustion exhaust gas outlet, the NOx decomposition chamber is provided with an engine exhaust gas input port, a combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port, and a NOx decomposition catalyst filled in the NOx decomposition chamber, the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port is connected to the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle; An ammonia-hydrogen engine is provided with an engine fuel input end and an engine exhaust gas output end, wherein the engine exhaust gas output end is connected to the engine exhaust gas input port, and the engine fuel input end is connected to the ammonia decomposition gas output port; an air source connected to the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle; An ammonia source is connected to the ammonia input port to be decomposed, the pure ammonia combustion nozzle, and the engine fuel input port respectively.

2. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high-pressure hydrogen buffer tank and an ammonia decomposition gas compressor are sequentially arranged between the engine fuel input end and the ammonia decomposition gas output port.

3. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A combustion-supporting gas flow detector is provided between the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle and the combustion-supporting tail gas output port.

4. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to claim 3, characterized in that: An air compressor and an air flow controller are sequentially arranged between the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle and the air source.

5. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The combustion-supporting mixture gas nozzle is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path, the air source is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path through the boost air gas path, the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path, the air compressor and the air flow controller are arranged in the boost air gas path, and the combustion-supporting gas flow detector is arranged in the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path.

6. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition chamber is provided with a plurality of guide plates, which are arranged alternately and staggered along the direction from the ammonia gas input port to the ammonia decomposition gas output port to form a serpentine baffle channel, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst is filled in the baffle channel.

7. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition chamber is arranged around the outer periphery of the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace, and the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace and the ammonia decomposition chamber are separated by an annular combustion furnace wall.

8. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pure ammonia combustion nozzle and the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle are relatively distributed at two ends inside the pure ammonia counter-impact flameless combustion furnace.

9. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The NOx decomposition system is provided with a NOx decomposition tube, which passes through the combustion exhaust gas heating cavity. The NOx decomposition cavity is formed inside the NOx decomposition tube. The two ports of the NOx decomposition tube are respectively the engine exhaust gas input port and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port.

10. A control method for an ammonia-hydrogen engine, characterized in that: Applied to the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the control method comprises: According to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine, ammonia gas is introduced into the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace, the ammonia decomposition chamber and the ammonia-hydrogen engine respectively according to a preset ammonia supply amount; The ammonia decomposition chamber is heated by the pure ammonia counter-fired flameless combustion furnace to decompose the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition chamber into hydrogen, which is then supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine for combustion and work; The engine exhaust gas generated by the operation of the ammonia-hydrogen engine is passed into the NOx decomposition chamber, and the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion in the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace is passed into the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber, and the NOx decomposition chamber is heated to decompose NOx in the engine exhaust gas into NO to form combustion-supporting exhaust gas; Mixing air of a preset air flow rate with the combustion-supporting tail gas to form a combustion-supporting mixed gas with a preset oxygen concentration; The combustion-supporting mixed gas is introduced into the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace and mixed with ammonia for flameless combustion to suppress the generation of NOx and obtain the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas and heat for heating the ammonia decomposition chamber.

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