Deep rock mass engineering anchoring support system test platform and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of deep rock mass engineering anchoring support system tests, and particularly discloses a deep rock mass engineering anchoring support system test platform and method. The deep rock mass engineering anchoring support system test platform comprises a loading host, a guide rail, an anchoring body confining pressure drawing unit, an anchoring body double-shear unit, a surface protection structure performance test unit, a moving unit, a hydraulic servo system, a control system and a control system. According to the deep rock mass engineering anchoring support system test platform and method, confining pressure pull-out test, double shear test and surface protection structure performance test can be conveniently carried out through one set of test platform, the stress working condition of the anchoring support system can be truly simulated, accurate mechanical test can be carried out on the anchoring support system, and the test efficiency is improved. And the bearing capacity of the anchoring support system is tested, and the corresponding action mechanism of the anchoring support system is disclosed, so that related test results provide key theoretical and technical support for safe construction of deep rock mass engineering and efficient and safe mining of deep land resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of deep rock engineering anchoring support system testing, and in particular relates to a deep rock engineering anchoring support system testing platform and method. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of deep rock mass engineering (such as deep tunnels), the surrounding rock is prone to serious deformation and even impact disasters such as rock bursts, and anchor support systems such as anchor rods / cables are the most direct and effective means to achieve surrounding rock support. At present, the design of anchor support systems for most deep rock mass engineering still relies on experience, and measures are taken to continuously correct support parameters or support system designs, and even to continuously increase support strength in the hope of achieving the purpose of disaster prevention and mitigation. However, it often goes against one's wishes and the effect is poor. The unclear support mechanism of the anchor support system and the lack of support design theory have led to serious blindness, inefficiency and uncertainty in the current support of deep rock mass engineering. The current situation of disaster protection technology and support design theory seriously lags behind deep engineering activities, bringing huge challenges to the construction of deep rock mass engineering. Therefore, the support mechanism and design theory of the anchor support system are major scientific problems that need to be solved urgently. It is urgently necessary to conduct mechanical tests on the anchor support system, truly simulate the stress conditions of the anchor support system, test the bearing capacity of the anchor support system, and reveal the corresponding action mechanism of the anchor support system. The relevant test results can provide key theoretical and technical support for the safe construction of deep rock engineering and the efficient and safe exploitation of deep underground resources. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test platform and method for an anchor support system of a deep rock engineering project, to truly simulate the stress conditions of the anchor support system and to conduct accurate mechanical tests on the anchor support system.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0005] A deep rock engineering anchoring support system test platform, comprising:

[0006] Load the host;

[0007] Guide rails, the guide rails are arranged in a plurality of groups, and the guide rails pass through the loading host and extend toward the periphery of the loading host;

[0008] The anchor body confining pressure drawing unit is arranged on one set of guide rails and can be moved along the guide rails to the position of the loading host, and the loading host acts on the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit to perform a confining pressure drawing test;

[0009] The anchor double shear unit is arranged on one of the guide rails and can be moved along the guide rails to the position of the loading host. The loading host acts on the anchor double shear unit to perform a double shear test.

[0010] The surface protection structure performance test unit is arranged on one set of guide rails and can be moved along the guide rails to the loading host position. The loading host acts on the surface protection structure performance test unit to perform an anchor net pull-out test.

[0011] Furthermore, the loading main unit includes a base, a column, a reaction frame, a hollow loading hydraulic cylinder and a loading head; the guide rail passes through the upper end surface of the base, the base and the reaction frame are connected via a plurality of columns, and the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the reaction frame; the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder is arranged along the vertical direction, and the loading head is arranged at the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder; the loading head selectively acts on the anchor body confining pressure pulling unit, the anchor body double shear unit and the surface protection structure performance testing unit.

[0012] Furthermore, the loading host also includes a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor. The sensing end of the displacement sensor is arranged inside the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder to monitor the hydraulic oil pressure in the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder; the pressure sensor is arranged between the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder and the loading head to monitor the pressure applied by the loading head.

[0013] Further, the loading head comprises an upper loading seat, a lower loading seat and a loading frame;

[0014] The upper loading seat is connected to the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder, the lower loading seat is located below the upper loading seat, and the upper loading seat and the lower loading seat are connected via a loading frame.

[0015] Furthermore, the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit comprises a confining pressure chamber, an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, a Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, a round-shaped reaction frame, a confining pressure drawing specimen and an anchor;

[0016] The confining pressure chamber can be moved to the upper end surface of the base via the guide rail;

[0017] A plurality of X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are vertically arranged on the left side of the confining pressure chamber, and the telescopic ends of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are telescopic along the X-direction, and each telescopic end of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder is provided with an X-direction confining pressure loading plate, and a space is left between the X-direction confining pressure loading plate and the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber;

[0018] A plurality of Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are vertically arranged at the front side of the confining pressure chamber, and the telescopic ends of the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are telescopic along the Y direction. A Y-direction confining pressure loading plate is arranged at the telescopic end of each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, and a space is left between the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate and the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber;

[0019] A sample loading port is provided at the upper end of the confining pressure chamber, and the round-shaped reaction frame is mounted on the sample loading port;

[0020] The X-direction confining pressure loading plate, the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber, the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate, the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber, the lower end inner wall of the confining pressure chamber and the round-shaped reaction frame jointly define the confining pressure drawing specimen space;

[0021] The confining pressure drawing specimen is loaded in the confining pressure drawing specimen space, one end of the anchor is anchored and connected to the inside of the confining pressure drawing specimen, the other end of the anchor passes through the round-shaped reaction frame, and the other end of the anchor is connected to the loading head.

[0022] Further, the anchor double shear unit comprises a shear base plate, a left specimen chamber, a right specimen chamber, a tension rod, a shear specimen and an anchor;

[0023] The shear base plate can be moved to the upper end surface of the base via the guide rail;

[0024] The left sample bin is disposed at the left end of the shear bottom plate, and the right sample bin is disposed at the right end of the shear bottom plate. A space is left between the left sample bin and the right sample bin, and the left sample bin and the right sample bin are connected via a plurality of the pull rods.

[0025] The two ends of the shear specimen are respectively located in the left specimen compartment and the right specimen compartment, the anchor passes through the shear specimen and is anchored to the shear specimen, and the two ends of the anchor are respectively connected to the left specimen compartment and the right specimen compartment;

[0026] The loading head acts on the middle position of the shear specimen.

[0027] Furthermore, the anchor double shear unit also includes a spoke-type force sensor, and the spoke-type force sensor is arranged at both ends of the anchor.

[0028] Furthermore, the surface protection structure performance test unit includes a support frame, a lateral confining pressure plate, a normal reaction plate, a normal loading airbag, an anchor net, a surface protection structure pull-out specimen and an anchor;

[0029] An anchoring opening for the anchor net is provided at the middle position of the lower end of the support frame, a plurality of lateral confining pressure plates are provided at the edge position of the support frame, and the normal reaction plate is provided at the upper end of the lateral confining pressure plate;

[0030] The normal loading airbag is arranged at a position of the normal reaction plate corresponding to the anchoring opening of the anchor net;

[0031] The lower end of the support frame is provided with the anchor net at the position of the anchor net anchoring opening;

[0032] The lateral confining pressure plate, the normal loading airbag and the anchor net together surround and form a surface protection structure pulling specimen space;

[0033] The surface protection structure pull-out specimen is loaded in the surface protection structure pull-out specimen space, the anchor passes through the surface protection structure pull-out specimen and is anchored to the surface protection structure pull-out specimen, the lower end of the anchor is connected to the anchor net via an anchor assembly, the upper end of the anchor passes through the normal loading airbag and the normal reaction plate, and the upper end of the anchor is connected to the loading head.

[0034] Furthermore, it also includes a moving unit, which includes a supporting body, a lifting column, a guide wheel and a lifting support part;

[0035] The supporting bodies are respectively arranged on the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit, the anchor body double shear unit and the surface protection structure performance testing unit;

[0036] A plurality of lifting columns are arranged at the edge of the support body, the lifting columns can move and lock relative to the support body in the longitudinal direction, the lower ends of the lifting columns are rotatably connected to the guide wheels, and the guide wheels roll and contact the guide rails;

[0037] A plurality of lifting support parts are arranged at the edge of the supporting body, and the lifting support parts are used to cooperate with a jack, and the supporting body is driven to rise and fall by the jack.

[0038] A deep rock mass engineering anchor support system test method, using the deep rock mass engineering anchor support system test platform, the method can selectively carry out confining pressure pull-out test, double shear test and surface protection structure performance test:

[0039] a. Confining pressure pull-out test

[0040] Step a1: Sample installation

[0041] The confining pressure drawing specimen is loaded into the confining pressure drawing specimen space of the confining pressure drawing unit of the anchor body, one end of the anchor is connected to the inside of the confining pressure drawing specimen through an anchoring agent, the other end of the anchor passes through the round reaction frame, the confining pressure chamber is moved to the upper end surface of the base through the guide track, and the other end of the anchor is connected to the loading head of the loading host through the anchor assembly;

[0042] Step a2: Confining pressure loading

[0043] The X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder apply pressure to the confining pressure drawing specimen in the X-axis and Y-axis directions respectively; wherein the pressures applied to the confining pressure drawing specimen by each X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder along the vertical direction are the same or different, and the pressures applied to the confining pressure drawing specimen by each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder along the vertical direction are the same or different;

[0044] Step a3: Confining pressure drawing loading

[0045] According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host pulls the anchor upward, the pressure sensor collects load data in real time, and the displacement sensor collects displacement data in real time, thereby obtaining the time-load curve, time-displacement curve and displacement-load curve;

[0046] b. Double shear test

[0047] Step b1: Sample installation

[0048] Place the two ends of the shear specimen in the left specimen compartment and the right specimen compartment of the double shear unit of the anchor body respectively, pass the anchor through the shear specimen and connect the shear specimen with the anchoring agent, connect the two ends of the anchor with the left specimen compartment and the right specimen compartment respectively through the anchoring assembly, move the shear bottom plate to the upper end surface of the base through the guide rail, and apply the loading head of the loading host to the middle position of the shear specimen;

[0049] Step b2: Shear loading

[0050] According to the shear speed and shear stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host loads the shear specimen downward, the pressure sensor collects the shear load data in real time, the displacement sensor collects the shear displacement data in real time, and the spoke force sensor collects the anchor tension data in real time;

[0051] c. Performance test of protective structure

[0052] Step c1: Sample installation

[0053] The surface protection structure pull-out specimen is loaded into the surface protection structure pull-out specimen space of the surface protection structure performance test unit, the anchor is passed through the surface protection structure pull-out specimen and connected to the surface protection structure pull-out specimen through the anchoring agent, the lower end of the anchor is connected to the anchor net through the anchor assembly, the upper end of the anchor is passed through the normal loading airbag and the normal reaction plate, the normal loading airbag is filled with gas of set pressure, the normal loading airbag is made to fit the surface protection structure pull-out specimen, the support frame is moved to the upper end surface of the base through the guide rail, and the upper end of the anchor is connected to the loading head;

[0054] Step c2: Pulling and loading of support components

[0055] According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host pulls the anchor upward, and the pressure sensor collects load data in real time to achieve the anchor preload. The normal loading airbag is continuously filled with gas to make the surface protection structure pulling specimen drive the anchor net to protrude downward. The displacement sensor collects displacement data in real time to obtain the time-load curve, time-displacement curve and displacement-load curve. At the same time, the damage of the anchor net, surface protection structure pulling specimen and anchor is observed.

[0056] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0057] The present invention can conveniently carry out confining pressure pull-out test, double shear test and surface protection structure performance test through a set of test platform, and can truly simulate the stress condition of the anchor support system, carry out accurate mechanical test on the anchor support system, test the bearing capacity of the anchor support system, reveal the corresponding action mechanism of the anchor support system, and make the relevant test results provide key theoretical and technical support for the safe construction of deep rock engineering and the efficient and safe exploitation of deep earth resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the test platform of the anchor support system for deep rock engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the main part of the test platform of the deep rock engineering anchoring support system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a confining pressure pull-out test on a test platform for an anchor support system for deep rock engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a double shear test on a test platform for an anchor support system for deep rock engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a test platform for an anchor support system for deep rock engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention for testing the performance of a surface protection structure;

[0063] Figure 6 A stereogram of a host loaded with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 7 Loading the main view of the host for the embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 8 A side view of a host computer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Fig.10 It is a front view of the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Fig.11 for Fig.10 Middle AA section view;

[0069] Fig.12 It is a top view of the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Fig.13 It is a partial stereogram of the confining pressure drawing unit of the anchor body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Fig.14 A three-dimensional diagram of a double shear unit of an anchor body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Fig.15 A top view of a double shear unit of an anchor body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Fig.16 for Fig.15 Middle BB section view;

[0074] Fig.17 It is a side view of the double shear unit of the anchor body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Fig.18 A three-dimensional diagram of a performance test unit for a protective structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Fig.19 It is a front view of the cooperation between the performance test unit of the watch protection structure and the loading host according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Fig. 20 It is a partial stereogram of a performance test unit of a protective structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Fig.21 A bottom view of a performance test unit for a protective structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Fig. 22 It is a front view of a performance test unit for a protective structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Fig.23 for Fig. 22 Middle CC section view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effects of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Certain embodiments of the present invention will be described more comprehensively with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some but not all embodiments will be shown. In fact, the various embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention meets applicable legal requirements.

[0082] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", "lower", "front", "back" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0083] In an embodiment of the present invention, a deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform and method are provided. Please refer to Figures 1 to 23 shown.

[0084] A deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform includes a loading host 1, a guide rail 2, an anchor body confining pressure drawing unit 3, an anchor body double shear unit 4, a surface protection structure performance test unit 5, a mobile unit, a hydraulic servo system 7, a control system 81 and a control system 82.

[0085] The loading host 1 includes a base 11, a column 12, a reaction frame 13, a hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and a loading head; the guide rail 2 passes through the upper end surface of the base 11, the reaction frame 13 is located directly above the base 11, the base 11 and the reaction frame 13 are connected via four columns 12, and the cylinder end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14 is arranged on the reaction frame 13; the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14 is arranged along the vertical direction, and the loading head is arranged at the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14; the loading head selectively acts on the anchor body confining pressure pulling unit 3, the anchor body double shear unit 4 and the surface protection structure performance testing unit 5.

[0086] The loading head includes an upper loading seat 151, a lower loading seat 152 and a loading frame 153; the upper loading seat 151 is connected to the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14, and the lower loading seat 152 is located below the upper loading seat 151, and the upper loading seat 151 and the lower loading seat 152 are connected via the loading frame 153. When the loading head moves downward to perform a loading action, the lower loading seat 152 directly acts on the applied object, such as the lower loading seat 152 directly acts on the shear specimen 45 in the double shear unit 4 of the anchor body. The end of the anchor 9 passes through the lower loading seat 152 from below and emerges from the top of the lower loading seat 152, and the end of the anchor 9 is anchored and connected to the lower loading seat 152 through an anchoring assembly. When the loading head moves upward to perform a loading action, the anchor 9 can be driven to perform a pulling action, such as the lower loading seat 152 drives the anchor 9 in the anchor body confining pressure pulling unit 3 and the surface protection structure performance test unit 5 to perform a pulling action.

[0087] The loading host 1 also includes a displacement sensor 16 and a pressure sensor 17. The sensing end of the displacement sensor 16 is arranged inside the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14 to monitor the hydraulic oil pressure in the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14; the pressure sensor 17 is arranged between the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and the loading head to monitor the pressure applied by the loading head.

[0088] The supporting component performance test can be realized by loading the main machine 1 itself: one end of the anchor 9 is connected to the base 11, and the other end of the anchor 9 is connected to the loading head, and a pull-out test is directly performed on the anchor 9 to test the bearing capacity of the anchor 9 and the anchoring components (such as trays, nuts, etc.); rock blocks, concrete blocks, etc. are placed on the base 11, and the rock blocks, concrete blocks, etc. are loaded through the loading head.

[0089] The guide rails 2 are arranged in a plurality of groups, and the guide rails 2 pass through the loading host 1 and extend toward the periphery of the loading host 1. The guide rails 2 are arranged in two groups arranged vertically.

[0090] The anchor body confining pressure drawing unit 3 is arranged at one end of the first group of guide rails 2. The anchor body confining pressure drawing unit 3 can be moved along the guide rails 2 to the position of the loading host 1, and the loading host 1 acts on the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit 3 to perform a confining pressure drawing test.

[0091] The anchor double shear unit 4 is arranged at the other end of the first group of guide rails 2. The anchor double shear unit 4 can be moved along the guide rails 2 to the position of the loading host 1, and the loading host 1 acts on the anchor double shear unit 4 to perform a double shear test.

[0092] The surface protection structure performance test unit 5 is arranged at one end of the second group of guide rails 2. The surface protection structure performance test unit 5 can be moved along the guide rails 2 to the position of the loading host 1, and the loading host 1 acts on the surface protection structure performance test unit 5 to perform an anchor net pulling test.

[0093] The anchor body confining pressure drawing unit 3 includes a confining pressure chamber 31, an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32, a Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33, a round-shaped reaction frame 34, a confining pressure drawing specimen 35 and an anchor 9. The confining pressure chamber 31 can be moved to the upper end surface of the base 11 through the guide rail 2; a plurality of X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 32 are arranged vertically on the left side of the confining pressure chamber 31, and the telescopic end of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32 is telescopic along the X direction, and the telescopic end of each X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32 is provided with an X-direction confining pressure loading plate 321, and a space is left between the X-direction confining pressure loading plate 321 and the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber 31; a plurality of Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 33 are arranged vertically on the front side of the confining pressure chamber 31, and the telescopic end of the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33 is telescopic along the Y direction, and the telescopic end of each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33 is provided with a Y-direction confining pressure loading plate 331, and a space is left between the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate 331 and the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber 31. The upper end of the confining pressure chamber 31 is provided with a sample loading port, on which a round-shaped reaction frame 34 is mounted, and the X-direction confining pressure loading plate 321, the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber 31, the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate 331, the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber 31, the lower end inner wall of the confining pressure chamber 31 and the round-shaped reaction frame 34 jointly define the confining pressure drawing sample space. The confining pressure drawing sample 35 is loaded in the confining pressure drawing sample space, one end of the anchor 9 is anchored and connected to the inside of the confining pressure drawing sample 35, the other end of the anchor 9 passes through the round-shaped reaction frame 34, and the other end of the anchor 9 is connected to the loading head.

[0094] The X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32 applies X-direction surrounding rock load to the confining pressure drawing specimen 35, and the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33 applies Y-direction surrounding rock load to the confining pressure drawing specimen 35. Multiple X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 32 are arranged vertically, and the pressures applied by each X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32 along the vertical direction to the confining pressure drawing specimen 35 are the same or different; multiple Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 33 are arranged vertically, and the pressures applied by each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33 along the vertical direction to the confining pressure drawing specimen 35 are the same or different. When the pressures applied by each X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32 to the confining pressure drawing specimen 35 are the same, and the pressures applied by each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33 to the confining pressure drawing specimen 35 are the same, uniform loading is achieved on the confining pressure drawing specimen 35; when the pressures applied by each X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32 to the confining pressure drawing specimen 35 are different, and / or the pressures applied by each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33 to the confining pressure drawing specimen 35 are different, non-uniform loading is achieved on the confining pressure drawing specimen 35.

[0095] The anchor double shear unit 4 includes a shear base plate 41, a left sample bin 42, a right sample bin 43, a tie rod 44, a shear sample 45 and an anchor 9. The shear base plate 41 can be moved to the upper end surface of the base 11 via the guide rail 2. The left sample bin 42 is provided at the left end of the shear base plate 41, and the right sample bin 43 is provided at the right end of the shear base plate 41. There is a space between the left sample bin 42 and the right sample bin 43. The left sample bin 42 and the right sample bin 43 are connected front and back by two tie rods 44. Among them, the left sample bin 42 includes a left vertical plate 421, a left front bin plate 422, a left rear bin plate and a left upper cover plate 423. The left vertical plate 421 is located in the middle position on the left side of the shear base plate 41. The left vertical plate 421, the left front bin plate 422 and the left rear bin plate extend vertically. The left front bin plate 422 is located at the front end of the left side of the shear base plate 41, and the left rear bin plate is located at the rear end of the left side of the shear base plate 41. The left upper cover plate 423 connects the upper ends of the left front bin plate 422 and the left rear bin plate, and the right end of the left sample bin 42 is open. The right sample chamber 43 includes a right vertical plate 431, a right front chamber plate 432, a right rear chamber plate and a right upper cover plate 433. The right vertical plate 431 is located in the middle position on the right side of the shear bottom plate 41. The right vertical plate 431, the right front chamber plate 432 and the right rear chamber plate extend vertically. The right front chamber plate 432 is located at the front end of the right side of the shear bottom plate 41. The right rear chamber plate is located at the rear end of the right side of the shear bottom plate 41. The right upper cover plate 433 connects the upper ends of the right front chamber plate 432 and the right rear chamber plate. The left end of the right sample chamber 43 is open. The two ends of the shear sample 45 are respectively located in the left sample chamber 42 and the right sample chamber 43. The anchor 9 passes through the shear sample 45 and is anchored to connect the shear sample 45. The two ends of the anchor 9 are respectively connected to the left sample chamber 42 and the right sample chamber 43 through the anchor assembly. The loading head acts on the middle position of the shear sample 45. The anchor double shear unit 4 further includes a spoke force sensor 46, which is disposed at both ends of the anchor 9 and is used for collecting anchor tension data in real time.

[0096] The surface protection structure performance test unit 5 includes a support frame 51, a lateral confining pressure plate 52, a normal reaction plate 53, a normal loading airbag 54, an anchor net 55, a surface protection structure pull-out specimen 56 and an anchor 9. An anchor net anchoring port is provided at the middle position of the lower end of the support frame 51, four lateral confining pressure plates 52 are provided at the edge position of the support frame 51, and a normal reaction plate 53 is provided at the upper end of the lateral confining pressure plate 52. A normal loading airbag 54 is provided at the position of the normal reaction plate 53 corresponding to the anchor net anchoring port, and the normal loading airbag 54 is connected to the airbag loading air pipe 57, and a gas of a set pressure is injected into the normal loading airbag 54 through the airbag loading air pipe 57. After the normal loading airbag 54 is inflated, the normal loading airbag 54 acts on the surface protection structure pull-out specimen 56 to simulate the effect of the overburden on the direct top (surface protection structure pull-out specimen 56). The lower end of the support frame 51 is equipped with an anchor net 55 at the anchoring port of the anchor net, and the lateral confining plate 52, the normal loading airbag 54 and the anchor net 55 together surround and form a protective structure pull-out sample space. The protective structure pull-out sample 56 is loaded in the protective structure pull-out sample space, the anchor 9 passes through the protective structure pull-out sample 56 and is anchored to the protective structure pull-out sample 56, the lower end of the anchor 9 is connected to the anchor net 55 through the anchor assembly, the upper end of the anchor 9 passes through the normal loading airbag 54 and the normal reaction plate 53, and the upper end of the anchor 9 is connected to the loading head.

[0097] The mobile unit includes a support body, a lifting column 61, a guide wheel 62 and a lifting support part 63. The support body is respectively arranged on the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit 3, the anchor body double shear unit 4 and the surface protection structure performance test unit 5. Specifically, the support body on the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit 3 is the confining pressure chamber 31, the support body on the anchor body double shear unit 4 is the shear base plate 41, and the support body on the surface protection structure performance test unit 5 is the support frame 51. A plurality of lifting columns 61 are arranged at the edge of the support body, and the lifting columns 61 can move and lock longitudinally relative to the support body, and the lower end of the lifting column 61 is rotatably connected to the guide wheel 62, and the guide wheel 62 rolls and contacts the guide rail 2. A plurality of lifting support parts 63 are arranged at the edge of the support body, and the lifting support part 63 is used to cooperate with the jack, and the jack drives the support body to rise and fall.

[0098] When the support body needs to be moved, the support part 63 is first raised by the jack, the support body is lifted by the jack, the lifting column 61 is moved downward in the longitudinal direction relative to the support body and locked, so that the guide wheel 62 contacts the guide rail 2, and then the jack is separated from the lifting support part 63, and the operator pushes the support body to move the guide wheel 62 along the guide rail 2. When the support body is moved into position, the support part 63 is first raised by the jack, the support body is lifted by the jack, the lifting column 61 is moved upward in the longitudinal direction relative to the support body and locked, so that the guide wheel 62 is separated from the guide rail 2, and then the jack is separated from the lifting support part 63 to keep the support body in its position. In addition, the support body is also provided with a positioning pin 64. When the support body moves to the upper end surface of the base 11, the positioning pin 64 cooperates with the positioning hole on the upper end surface of the base 11 to realize the positioning of the support body, so as to avoid the position displacement of the support body during the test and affect the test accuracy.

[0099] The hydraulic servo system 7 is used to provide hydraulic power for each hydraulic cylinder and jack.

[0100] The control system 82 is connected to the control system 81 via signal cables, and the control system 81 is connected to various sensors, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic servo systems 7 and other components via signal cables. The operator operates the control system 81 through the control system 82, and the control system 81 collects and processes data in real time and realizes the motion control of components such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic servo systems 7.

[0101] A method for testing an anchor support system for deep rock mass engineering, using the deep rock mass engineering anchor support system test platform described above in this embodiment, the method can selectively perform a confining pressure pull-out test, a double shear test, and a performance test of a protective surface structure:

[0102] a. Confining pressure pull-out test

[0103] Step a1: Sample installation

[0104] The confining pressure drawing specimen 35 is loaded into the confining pressure drawing specimen space of the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit 3, one end of the anchor 9 is connected to the inside of the confining pressure drawing specimen 35 through the anchoring agent, the other end of the anchor 9 passes through the round reaction frame 34, the confining pressure chamber 31 is moved to the upper end surface of the base 11 through the guide track 2, and the other end of the anchor 9 is connected to the loading head of the loading host 1 through the anchor assembly;

[0105] Step a2: Confining pressure loading

[0106] The X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32 and the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33 apply pressure to the confining pressure drawing specimen 35 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions respectively; wherein the pressures applied to the confining pressure drawing specimen 35 by each X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32 along the vertical direction are the same or different, and the pressures applied to the confining pressure drawing specimen 35 by each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33 along the vertical direction are the same or different;

[0107] Step a3: Confining pressure drawing loading

[0108] According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host 1 pulls the anchor 9 upward, and the pressure sensor 17 collects load data in real time, and the displacement sensor 16 collects displacement data in real time, thereby obtaining a time-load curve, a time-displacement curve, and a displacement-load curve;

[0109] b. Double shear test

[0110] Step b1: Sample installation

[0111] Place the two ends of the shear sample 45 in the left sample chamber 42 and the right sample chamber 43 of the double shear unit 4 of the anchor body respectively, pass the anchor 9 through the shear sample 45 and connect the shear sample 45 with the anchor agent, connect the two ends of the anchor 9 to the outer end surfaces of the left sample chamber 42 and the right sample chamber 43 respectively through the anchor assembly, move the shear bottom plate 41 to the upper end surface of the base 11 through the guide rail 2, and apply the loading head of the loading host 1 to the middle position of the shear sample 45;

[0112] Step b2: Shear loading

[0113] According to the shear speed and shear stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host 1 loads the shear specimen 45 downward, the pressure sensor 17 collects the shear load data in real time, the displacement sensor 16 collects the shear displacement data in real time, and the spoke force sensor 46 collects the anchor tension data in real time;

[0114] c. Performance test of protective structure

[0115] Step c1: Sample installation

[0116] The protective structure pulling specimen 56 is loaded into the protective structure pulling specimen space of the protective structure performance testing unit 5, the anchor 9 is passed through the protective structure pulling specimen 56 and connected to the protective structure pulling specimen 56 through the anchoring agent, the lower end of the anchor 9 is connected to the anchor net 55 through the anchor assembly, the upper end of the anchor 9 is passed through the normal loading airbag 54 and the normal reaction plate 53, and the normal loading airbag 54 is filled with gas of set pressure through the airbag loading air pipe 57, so that the normal loading airbag 54 fits the protective structure pulling specimen 56, the support frame 51 is moved to the upper end surface of the base 11 through the guide rail 2, and the upper end of the anchor 9 is connected to the loading head;

[0117] Step c2: Pulling and loading of support components

[0118] According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host 1 pulls the anchor 9 upward, and the pressure sensor 17 collects load data in real time to achieve the anchor preload, and continues to fill the normal loading airbag 54 with gas to make the surface protection structure pulling specimen 56 drive the anchor net 55 to protrude downward, simulating the effect of the overlying rock strata on the direct top and the anchor net 55. The displacement sensor 16 collects displacement data in real time to obtain the time-load curve, time-displacement curve and displacement-load curve; at the same time, the damage of the anchor net 55, the surface protection structure pulling specimen 56 and the anchor 9 is observed.

[0119] So far, the present embodiment has been described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the test platform and method for the anchor support system of deep rock engineering of the present invention. The test platform and method for the anchor support system of deep rock engineering of the present invention can conveniently carry out confining pressure pull-out test, double shear test and surface protection structure performance test through a set of test platforms, and can truly simulate the stress conditions of the anchor support system, carry out accurate mechanical tests on the anchor support system, test the bearing capacity of the anchor support system, reveal the corresponding action mechanism of the anchor support system, and enable the relevant test results to provide key theoretical and technical support for the safe construction of deep rock engineering and the efficient and safe exploitation of deep resources.

[0120] Of course, the specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform, characterized in that: include: Load the host; Guide rails, the guide rails are arranged in a plurality of groups, and the guide rails pass through the loading host and extend toward the periphery of the loading host; The anchor body confining pressure drawing unit is arranged on one set of guide rails and can be moved along the guide rails to the position of the loading host, and the loading host acts on the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit to perform a confining pressure drawing test; The anchor double shear unit is arranged on one of the guide rails and can be moved along the guide rails to the position of the loading host. The loading host acts on the anchor double shear unit to perform a double shear test. The surface protection structure performance test unit is arranged on one set of guide rails and can be moved along the guide rails to the loading host position. The loading host acts on the surface protection structure performance test unit to perform an anchor net pull-out test.

2. A deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading main machine includes a base, a column, a reaction frame, a hollow loading hydraulic cylinder and a loading head; the guide rail passes through the upper end surface of the base, the base and the reaction frame are connected via a plurality of columns, and the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the reaction frame; the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder is arranged along the vertical direction, and the loading head is arranged at the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder; the loading head selectively acts on the anchor body confining pressure pulling unit, the anchor body double shear unit and the surface protection structure performance testing unit.

3. A deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The loading host also includes a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor. The sensing end of the displacement sensor is arranged inside the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder to monitor the hydraulic oil pressure in the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder; the pressure sensor is arranged between the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder and the loading head to monitor the pressure applied by the loading head.

4. A deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The loading head comprises an upper loading seat, a lower loading seat and a loading frame; The upper loading seat is connected to the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder, the lower loading seat is located below the upper loading seat, and the upper loading seat and the lower loading seat are connected via a loading frame.

5. The deep rock engineering anchoring support system test platform according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The anchor body confining pressure drawing unit comprises a confining pressure chamber, an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, a Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, a round-shaped reaction frame, a confining pressure drawing specimen and an anchor; The confining pressure chamber can be moved to the upper end surface of the base via the guide rail; A plurality of X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are vertically arranged on the left side of the confining pressure chamber, and the telescopic ends of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are telescopic along the X-direction, and each telescopic end of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder is provided with an X-direction confining pressure loading plate, and a space is left between the X-direction confining pressure loading plate and the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber; A plurality of Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are vertically arranged at the front side of the confining pressure chamber, and the telescopic ends of the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are telescopic along the Y direction. A Y-direction confining pressure loading plate is arranged at the telescopic end of each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, and a space is left between the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate and the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber; A sample loading port is provided at the upper end of the confining pressure chamber, and the round-shaped reaction frame is mounted on the sample loading port; The X-direction confining pressure loading plate, the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber, the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate, the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber, the lower end inner wall of the confining pressure chamber and the round-shaped reaction frame jointly define the confining pressure drawing specimen space; The confining pressure drawing specimen is loaded in the confining pressure drawing specimen space, one end of the anchor is anchored and connected to the inside of the confining pressure drawing specimen, the other end of the anchor passes through the round-shaped reaction frame, and the other end of the anchor is connected to the loading head.

6. A deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform according to claim 5, characterized in that: The anchor double shear unit comprises a shear base plate, a left sample chamber, a right sample chamber, a tension rod, a shear sample and an anchor; The shear base plate can be moved to the upper end surface of the base via the guide rail; The left sample bin is disposed at the left end of the shear bottom plate, and the right sample bin is disposed at the right end of the shear bottom plate. A space is left between the left sample bin and the right sample bin, and the left sample bin and the right sample bin are connected via a plurality of the pull rods. The two ends of the shear specimen are respectively located in the left specimen compartment and the right specimen compartment, the anchor passes through the shear specimen and is anchored to the shear specimen, and the two ends of the anchor are respectively connected to the left specimen compartment and the right specimen compartment; The loading head acts on the middle position of the shear specimen.

7. A deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anchor double shear unit further includes a spoke-type force sensor, and the spoke-type force sensor is arranged at both ends of the anchor.

8. The deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform according to claim 6, characterized in that: The surface protection structure performance test unit includes a support frame, a lateral confining pressure plate, a normal reaction plate, a normal loading airbag, an anchor net, a surface protection structure pull-out specimen and an anchor; An anchoring opening for the anchor net is provided at the middle position of the lower end of the support frame, a plurality of lateral confining pressure plates are provided at the edge position of the support frame, and the normal reaction plate is provided at the upper end of the lateral confining pressure plate; The normal loading airbag is arranged at a position of the normal reaction plate corresponding to the anchoring opening of the anchor net; The lower end of the support frame is provided with the anchor net at the position of the anchor net anchoring opening; The lateral confining pressure plate, the normal loading airbag and the anchor net together surround and form a surface protection structure pulling specimen space; The surface protection structure pull-out specimen is loaded in the surface protection structure pull-out specimen space, the anchor passes through the surface protection structure pull-out specimen and is anchored to the surface protection structure pull-out specimen, the lower end of the anchor is connected to the anchor net via an anchor assembly, the upper end of the anchor passes through the normal loading airbag and the normal reaction plate, and the upper end of the anchor is connected to the loading head.

9. A deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It also includes a moving unit, which includes a supporting body, a lifting column, a guide wheel and a lifting support part; The supporting bodies are respectively arranged on the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit, the anchor body double shear unit and the surface protection structure performance testing unit; A plurality of lifting columns are arranged at the edge of the support body, the lifting columns can move and lock relative to the support body in the longitudinal direction, the lower ends of the lifting columns are rotatably connected to the guide wheels, and the guide wheels roll and contact the guide rails; A plurality of lifting support parts are arranged at the edge of the supporting body, and the lifting support parts are used to cooperate with a jack, and the supporting body is driven to rise and fall by the jack.

10. A test method for anchor support system in deep rock engineering, characterized in that: Using the deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method can selectively carry out confining pressure pull-out test, double shear test and surface protection structure performance test: a. Confining pressure pull-out test Step a1: Sample installation The confining pressure drawing specimen is loaded into the confining pressure drawing specimen space of the confining pressure drawing unit of the anchor body, one end of the anchor is connected to the inside of the confining pressure drawing specimen through an anchoring agent, the other end of the anchor passes through the round reaction frame, the confining pressure chamber is moved to the upper end surface of the base through the guide track, and the other end of the anchor is connected to the loading head of the loading host through the anchor assembly; Step a2: Confining pressure loading The X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder apply pressure to the confining pressure drawing specimen in the X-axis and Y-axis directions respectively; wherein the pressures applied to the confining pressure drawing specimen by each X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder along the vertical direction are the same or different, and the pressures applied to the confining pressure drawing specimen by each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder along the vertical direction are the same or different; Step a3: Confining pressure drawing loading According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host pulls the anchor upward, the pressure sensor collects load data in real time, and the displacement sensor collects displacement data in real time, thereby obtaining the time-load curve, time-displacement curve and displacement-load curve; b. Double shear test Step b1: Sample installation Place the two ends of the shear specimen in the left specimen compartment and the right specimen compartment of the double shear unit of the anchor body respectively, pass the anchor through the shear specimen and connect the shear specimen with the anchoring agent, connect the two ends of the anchor with the left specimen compartment and the right specimen compartment respectively through the anchoring assembly, move the shear bottom plate to the upper end surface of the base through the guide rail, and apply the loading head of the loading host to the middle position of the shear specimen; Step b2: Shear loading According to the shear speed and shear stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host loads the shear specimen downward, the pressure sensor collects the shear load data in real time, the displacement sensor collects the shear displacement data in real time, and the spoke force sensor collects the anchor tension data in real time; c. Performance test of protective structure Step c1: Sample installation The surface protection structure pull-out specimen is loaded into the surface protection structure pull-out specimen space of the surface protection structure performance test unit, the anchor is passed through the surface protection structure pull-out specimen and connected to the surface protection structure pull-out specimen through the anchoring agent, the lower end of the anchor is connected to the anchor net through the anchor assembly, the upper end of the anchor is passed through the normal loading airbag and the normal reaction plate, the normal loading airbag is filled with gas of set pressure, the normal loading airbag is made to fit the surface protection structure pull-out specimen, the support frame is moved to the upper end surface of the base through the guide rail, and the upper end of the anchor is connected to the loading head; Step c2: Pulling and loading of support components According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host pulls the anchor upward, and the pressure sensor collects load data in real time to achieve the anchor preload. The normal loading airbag is continuously filled with gas to make the surface protection structure pulling specimen drive the anchor net to protrude downward. The displacement sensor collects displacement data in real time to obtain the time-load curve, time-displacement curve and displacement-load curve. At the same time, the damage of the anchor net, surface protection structure pulling specimen and anchor is observed.

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