Sun-shading and water-collecting tile for plants in desert area

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant sun shading, and particularly relates to a sun-shading water-collecting tile for plants in desert areas, the main body structure of the sun-shading water-collecting tile comprises a biomass tile layer, and the biomass tile layer is formed by mixing crop residues such as bagasse or corn straw residues with a micro-nano waterproof and oil-proof agent through high-temperature and high-pressure pressing; the surface of the biomass tile layer is sprayed with a nano-scale ceramic coating; when the sunshade water-collecting tile is used for cultivating trees, the whole sunshade water-collecting tile is in an arc sheet shape, when the sunshade water-collecting tile is used for cultivating seedlings, the top of the sunshade water-collecting tile is in an arch shape, and a stand column is arranged below one side of the top. The sun-shading and water-collecting tile disclosed by the invention not only can shade the sun, but also can condense and recover water evaporated in a desert area and slowly release the condensed water to plants, so that the labor cost and the water consumption are greatly reduced; the device is simple in structure, strong in water retention function, small in size and convenient to install; the method is suitable for northwest desert areas, and the growth survival rate of seedlings in water-deficient areas such as deserts is increased.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant sunshade, and specifically relates to a plant sunshade and water-collecting tile made of biodegradable materials in desert areas. The plant sunshade and water-collecting tile can not only provide shade, but also fully condense evaporated water on the desert surface and return it to the ground to be infused into plants, thereby achieving the purpose of waterless tree planting or seedling cultivation. The plant sunshade and water-collecting tile can also act as a sand barrier to protect the growth of plants in desert areas. Background technology:

[0002] Vegetation needs to photosynthesize during its growth, but in the case of strong sunlight, direct sunlight on vegetation will accelerate the loss of water in the soil, making it impossible for vegetation to absorb enough water, thereby inhibiting the growth of vegetation, extending the growth cycle of vegetation, and increasing the number of irrigation times, resulting in a waste of water resources. For desert areas, where water resources are scarce, shading can slow down the rate of increase in soil temperature and provide a more suitable growth environment for seedlings. At present, there are many kinds of sunshade devices. For example, Chinese patent CN202322641409.9 discloses a sunshade device for a seedling shed, including a bracket, a sunshade unit and a pushing unit. The bracket includes slide rails arranged on both sides of the top of the seedling shed; a number of the sunshade units are evenly distributed on the slide rails; the sunshade unit includes a first support rod and a second support rod arranged in parallel, the first support rod is fixed on the slide rail, the second support rod is slidably connected to the slide rail, and a sunshade net is connected between the first support rod and the second support rod; the pushing unit includes a transmission seat and a push rod; a slot is provided on the upper part of the transmission seat, and a transmission gear is provided in the slot; the push rod includes a rack section and a connecting section, the rack section is placed in the slot and meshes with the transmission gear; the second support rod is fixed on the connecting section, and the opening and closing distance between the first support rod and the second support rod is controlled by the push rod; the transmission gear is rotated by power provided by a driving motor. Chinese patent CN202122659610.0 discloses a seedling raising device specially used for chrysanthemum planting, comprising a seedling raising box body, the seedling raising box body comprising a seedling raising tray with an opening at the upper end and a seedling raising cover hingedly installed on one side of the seedling raising tray, the seedling raising cover is transparent, a sliding rod and a sunshade sliding on the sliding rod are arranged in the seedling raising cover, the sunshade is provided with a plurality of through holes, the through holes are installed on the sliding rod, the sunshade is staggeredly arranged at both ends of the sliding rod up and down, one end of the sunshade is fixedly connected to the seedling raising cover, the other end of the sunshade is provided with a mounting buckle, and a nozzle is arranged in the seedling raising cover; the sunshade is artificially controlled by the setting of the sunshade, the humidity of the chrysanthemum plant is controlled by the setting of the enclosed space of the seedling raising box body and the setting of the nozzle, and the growth of the chrysanthemum in a suitable environment can be effectively controlled.Chinese patent CN202020135477.1 discloses a plant sunshade device, which includes a bracket and a sunshade assembly, wherein the bracket includes at least three keels arranged in a ring shape, each keel is inclined from top to bottom, and the distance between two adjacent keels gradually increases from top to bottom; a sunshade assembly is provided between each two adjacent keels, and the sunshade assembly includes a plurality of sunshades connected between the two keels, and each sunshade is arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the plant sunshade device can block direct sunlight from shining on plants, prevent dry and hot wind from directly invading plants, create a microenvironment with good ventilation and does not affect the normal growth of plants, has the advantages of simple structure, easy installation and construction, and low production cost, is convenient for field operation and use, and can effectively reduce plant transpiration, reduce plant water loss, and greatly improve the survival rate of plant seedlings or transplanted plants. Chinese patent CN202010067736.6 discloses a plant sunshade device, which includes a bracket and a sunshade assembly, wherein the bracket includes at least three keels arranged in a ring shape, each keel is inclined from top to bottom, and the distance between two adjacent keels gradually increases from top to bottom; a sunshade assembly is provided between each two adjacent keels, and the sunshade assembly includes a plurality of sunshades connected between the two keels, and each sunshade is arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the plant sunshade device can block direct sunlight from shining on plants, prevent dry and hot wind from directly invading plants, create a microenvironment with good ventilation and does not affect the normal growth of plants, has the advantages of simple structure, easy installation and construction, and low production cost, is convenient for field operation, and can effectively reduce plant transpiration, reduce plant water loss, and greatly improve the survival rate of plant seedlings or transplanted plants. Chinese patent CN201820147136.9 discloses an adjustable sunshade for a ginkgo seedling nursery bed, comprising a bottom plate, the upper surface of the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of a support plate, the upper surface of the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of a driving device, and the driving device is located on the right side of the support plate, the upper surface of the driving device is meshed with a second bevel gear, and the left side of the second bevel gear is fixedly connected to the right end of a rotating shaft. The adjustable sunshade for a ginkgo seedling nursery bed, through the cooperation between a switch, a motor, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a rotating shaft, a take-up reel, a traction rope, a spring and a sliding sleeve, enables the third fixed block to drive the movable plate to flip upward to a suitable angle, thereby providing maximum sunshade for vegetation, delaying the evaporation rate of water in the soil, so that vegetation can absorb water in the soil to the maximum extent, thereby reducing the number of times people water, reducing people's workload and waste of water resources, and bringing convenience to people.

[0003] The current plant sunshade devices generally use large-area sunshade nets or build sunshades, which have the disadvantages of high production costs and complicated installation and construction processes. In addition, the current sunshade devices all have the disadvantages of complex structure, poor installation flexibility, and single function, and are not suitable for use in arid areas where water is extremely scarce. It is necessary to develop a sunshade device with better sunshade and water retention effects and easier installation. Summary of the invention:

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a sunshade and water-collecting tile for plants in desert areas, which is made of degradable biomaterials. It can not only provide shade, but also condense the water evaporated from the desert surface and release it back to the plants, making maximum use of the desert's own surface water to achieve the effect of having water to use without watering, reducing water loss, and can also act as a sand barrier when used in desert areas to protect the growth of seedlings.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a sunshade and water-collecting tile for plants in desert areas, wherein the plants are trees or seedlings; the shapes of the sunshade and water-collecting tiles are different according to the applicable plants, and different shapes can be designed according to the actual situation. The main structure of the sunshade and water-collecting tile for plants in desert areas of the present invention includes a biomass tile layer, which is made of crop residues such as sugarcane bagasse or corn stalk residue mixed with micro-nano waterproof and oil-proofing agents under high temperature and high pressure, specifically: by mass fraction, 85-97 parts of sugarcane bagasse or straw residue, 3-15 parts of micro-nano waterproof and oil-proofing agents; sugarcane bagasse or straw residue and micro-nano waterproof and oil-proofing agents are fully mixed in a stirring tank, and then enter a mold tank, molded under a pressure of 15-25 tons and subjected to a high temperature of 180°C to 200°C to completely fix and shape them. The biomass tile layer has good strength, high toughness and long service life. The surface of the sunshade and water-collecting tile is also sprayed with water-based nano-ceramic coating or other condensable medium coating. The emulsion is calculated by mass fraction, and the ceramic components such as nano-silicon dioxide or arsenic dioxide are 20-40 parts, and the water-based silicone resin emulsion is 60-80 parts. The spraying thickness is set between 30μm and 70μm according to needs. The purpose of the ceramic coating is because ceramics are condensable media. When water vapor encounters condensing substances, it loses energy and contacts the condensing substances, which reduces the kinetic energy of water molecules and enhances the interaction force between molecules, causing the water vapor to turn into liquid, that is, condense into water droplets. In the present invention, the desert's own surface water evaporates and encounters the condensing medium of ceramics to condense into water. This principle is utilized.

[0006] When the sunshade and water collection tile of the present invention is used for tree cultivation, its overall shape is an arc-shaped sheet with a thickness of 2-5mm and a height of about 22-28cm. The top of the sunshade and water collection tile has a semicircular notch with a diameter of 7-13cm, and the bottom is an arc with a diameter of 30-50cm; a retaining edge is arranged downward along the notch, and the height of the retaining edge is 1-5cm. The orthographic projection of the sunshade and water collection tile is a fan-shaped, and the fan-shaped angle is 145°-180°. The fan-shaped radius is 15-25cm. The specific size of the sunshade and water collection tile can be determined according to the actual local conditions.

[0007] When the sunshade and water-collecting tile of the present invention is used for seedling cultivation, its top is arched, and a column is provided below one side of the top; the tile thickness is 2-5mm, the total height is 22-28cm, the total width is 5-15cm, and the length is 60-100cm; wherein the top arch height is 2-8cm, the outer diameter of the arch is 5-15cm; the column height is 14-26cm. Similarly, the specific size of the sunshade and water-collecting tile can be determined according to the actual local conditions. The reason why the height of the sunshade and water-collecting tile for tree planting and seedling cultivation is about 25cm is based on the characteristics of the wind and sand flow in the desert area. The wind and sand flow refers to the airflow (wind) carrying sand particles. The sand content in the wind and sand flow decreases with the increase of height, and most of the sand particles are concentrated within a height of 30cm (especially below 10cm) from the ground. Gravel with a particle size greater than 2mm mostly rolls near the ground. Clay is mostly suspended in the air. According to the characteristics that the sand content in the wind-blown sand flow and the particle size of the sand increase sharply with the increase of wind speed, and the sand content in the wind-blown sand flow changes with height, the height of this sunshade and water-collecting tile is designed to be about 25 cm, which can block the movement of quicksand to the greatest extent and play the role of sand barrier.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The sunshade and water-collecting tiles can not only provide shade, but also, according to the characteristics of desert areas, condense and recover the water evaporated from the desert area's own surface water, and return the condensed water to the plants, greatly reducing labor costs and water consumption; 2. It has a simple structure, strong water retention function, small size and easy installation; it is suitable for deserts and arid areas, and improves the growth and survival rate of seedlings in water-scarce areas such as deserts; 3. The sunshade and water-collecting tiles are installed according to the wind direction, and the height of the sunshade tiles specially designed according to the wind and sand flow forms a sand barrier to prevent wind and fix sand, thereby protecting the growth of seedlings; 4. The material is strong and tough, and has a long service life; 5. Another biggest advantage of the sunshade and water-collecting tiles is that all the materials used to prepare the sunshade and water-collecting tiles are biodegradable and environmentally friendly materials, among which the main material for making the sunshade tiles is pure plant fiber, which is completely biodegradable. After natural weathering, the sunshade tiles will not cause secondary pollution to the desert area, and because they are pure plant fiber, they are equivalent to providing nutrients to the ground. The surface is sprayed with ceramic paint, the main component of which is silicon dioxide, the same as the sand in the desert, and there is no secondary pollution. Description of the drawings:

[0009] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure principle of the sunshade and water-collecting tile for tree planting involved in the present invention.

[0010] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structural principle of the sunshade and water-collecting tile for tree planting involved in the present invention.

[0011] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure principle of the sunshade and water-collecting tiles for seedling cultivation involved in the present invention.

[0012] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the overall structural principle of the sunshade and water-collecting tiles for seedling cultivation. Specific implementation method:

[0013] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0014] Embodiment 1:

[0015] This embodiment relates to a sunshade and water collection tile for planting trees in desert areas. The sunshade and water collection tile 1 includes a biomass tile layer 2, which is in the shape of an arc-shaped sheet, 3 mm thick, and 25 cm high. The top of the sunshade and water collection tile has a semicircular notch 3 with a diameter of 10 cm, and the bottom arc 4 has a diameter of 40 cm. A baffle 6 is arranged downward along the notch 3, and the height of the baffle 6 is 3 cm; the surface layer inside the biomass tile layer 2 is sprayed with a 30-70 μm nano-grade ceramic coating 5.

[0016] The orthographic projection of the sunshade and water-collecting tile of this embodiment is fan-shaped, and the fan-shaped angle is 145°-180°. The fan-shaped radius is 20 cm.

[0017] The biomass tile layer described in this embodiment is made of sugarcane bagasse, corn straw residue, wheat straw residue and other crop residues mixed with micro-nano waterproof and oil-proofing agents, and is pressed by mass fraction, sugarcane bagasse 95 parts, micro-nano waterproof and oil-proofing agents 5 parts; due to the addition of micro-nano waterproof and oil-proofing agents, the sunshade and water-collecting tiles have a high degree of hydrophobicity. Sugarcane bagasse and micro-nano waterproof and oil-proofing agents are fully mixed in a stirring tank according to a set ratio, and then enter the mold tank, molded under a pressure of 20 tons and subjected to a high temperature of 180℃ to 200℃ to completely fix the mold. The mold made of sugarcane bagasse fiber or straw residue fiber under high temperature and high pressure has good strength and toughness, and its service life in desert areas is long. The surface is sprayed with nano-ceramic coating, and the condensation characteristics of ceramics are used to collect the evaporated water on the desert surface. The coating is calculated by mass fraction, and the ceramic components such as nano-silicon dioxide or tungsten dioxide are 30 parts, and the water-based silicone resin emulsion is 70 parts. The spraying thickness is set to between 30μm and 70μm as needed.

[0018] The water-proof and oil-proof nano-oil agent described in this embodiment is at least one of nano-silicon dioxide, aluminum dioxide and titanium dioxide obtained by hydrophobic modification of organic reagents.

[0019] The silicon dioxide or arsenic dioxide in the nano-ceramic coating described in this embodiment is a condensable medium. Water vapor will condense into water when it encounters ceramics and flow back to the ground along the edge of the tile, so as to achieve the purpose of watering trees without watering. According to the actual situation, only the water-based nano-ceramic coating can be sprayed on the inner surface of the sunshade and water-collecting tile, or the nano-ceramic coating can be used directly without spraying, which can also reduce the production and use costs.

[0020] The method of using the sunshade and water-collecting tiles for planting trees in this embodiment is as follows: two sunshade and water-collecting tiles are used for one tree, the notches 3 of the two sunshade and water-collecting tiles are surrounded on the tree trunk, and the bottoms of the sunshade and water-collecting tiles are inserted into the ground or fixed to the ground using other methods; the two sunshade and water-collecting tiles cover the area around the roots of the tree to prevent direct sunlight and reduce the evaporation of ground water; the large temperature difference between day and night in the desert area is utilized, and in the evening and at night, the water vapor evaporated from the ground will condense into water when encountering the hydrophobic sunshade and water-collecting tiles, and flow back to the ground, so as to utilize the evaporation and condensation of natural desert groundwater for reuse, thereby saving a lot of labor costs and water resources for watering.

[0021] The specific process of water evaporation in the desert at night is as follows: During the day, the high temperature in the desert area will cause water to evaporate rapidly, forming water vapor floating in the air. At night, although the solar radiation decreases, the specific heat capacity of the desert sand is small and the heat dissipation is fast, causing the temperature to drop rapidly. At this time, the water vapor in the air will condense when it encounters cold, mainly condensing on gravel or desert vegetation, forming part of the water cycle. If the sunshade and water collection tiles of the present invention are installed, the water vapor will condense inside the sunshade and water collection tiles and flow back to the ground.

[0022] Factors that affect water evaporation at night in the desert include the desert's geographical location, climate conditions, and atmospheric environment. The dry climate and low humidity in the desert are conducive to the rapid evaporation of water, while the atmospheric stability and weak back radiation at night further promote the evaporation of water.

[0023] Embodiment 2:

[0024] The present embodiment relates to a sunshade and water-collecting tile for growing seedlings in desert areas, the overall structure of which includes a biomass tile layer 2 and a nano-scale ceramic coating 5. The biomass tile layer 4 is made of crop residues such as sugarcane bagasse or corn stalk residue mixed with a micro-nano waterproof and oil-proof agent; the nano-scale ceramic coating 5 is sprayed on the inner surface of the biomass tile layer.

[0025] The biomass tile layer 2 described in this embodiment is made of sugarcane bagasse or corn straw residue, wheat straw residue and other crop residues and micro-nano waterproof and oil-proof agent under high temperature and high pressure. According to the mass fraction, sugarcane bagasse or dry straw residue is 95 parts, and micro-nano waterproof and oil-proof agent is 5 parts; due to the addition of micro-nano waterproof and oil-proof agent, the sunshade and water-collecting tile has high hydrophobicity. Sugarcane bagasse and micro-nano waterproof and oil-proof agent are fully mixed in the stirring tank according to the set ratio, and then enter the mold tank, molded under a pressure of 20 tons and subjected to a high temperature of 180℃ to 200℃, so that it is completely fixed and formed. The material has good strength and toughness, extending its service life in desert areas; the surface of the biomass tile layer is sprayed with water-based nano-grade ceramic coating, which is calculated by mass fraction. Nano-grade silicon dioxide or tungsten dioxide and other ceramic components are 30 parts, and water-based silicone resin emulsion is 70 parts, and the spraying thickness is set to between 30μm and 70μm as needed.

[0026] The sunshade and water collection tiles described in this embodiment are installed on the ground, and the water evaporated at night will condense along the wall and flow back along the wall. Due to the special desert geographical conditions in the northwest, the dry climate and low humidity in the desert area are conducive to the rapid evaporation of water, and the atmospheric stability and weak back radiation at night further promote the evaporation of water, and the sunshade and water collection tiles play the role of condensing and recycling water.

[0027] The top 7 of the seedling sunshade water collection tile described in this embodiment is arched, and a column 8 is provided on one side of the top; the tile thickness is 3mm, the total height is 25cm, the total width is 10cm, and the length is 70cm; the top arch is 5cm high, and the outer diameter of the arch is 10cm; the column is 20cm high, and 30μm to 70μm nano-grade ceramic coating is sprayed inside. The reason why the seedling sunshade water collection tile is designed to be 25cm in height is based on the characteristics of the wind and sand flow in the desert area. The wind and sand flow refers to the airflow (wind) carrying sand particles. The sand content in the wind and sand flow decreases with the increase of height. Most of the sand particles are concentrated within a height of 30cm (especially below 10cm) from the ground. Gravel with a particle size greater than 2mm rolls near the ground. Clay is mostly suspended in the air. According to the fact that the sand content in the wind-blown sand flow and the particle size of the sand increase sharply with the increase of wind speed, and the sand content in the wind-blown sand flow changes with height, the height of this sunshade and water-collecting tile is designed to be 25 cm, which can block the movement of quicksand to the greatest extent and play the role of a sand barrier.

[0028] The surface of the sunshade and water-collecting tile or the inner surface of the biomass tile layer described in this embodiment is also coated with a water-based nano-ceramic coating. The main components of the coating are ceramic components such as nano-silicon dioxide or arsenic dioxide and silicone emulsion. Silica or arsenic dioxide are condensable media. Water vapor will condense into water when it encounters ceramics and flow back to the ground along the edge of the tile, thereby achieving the purpose of watering the seedlings without watering.

[0029] Under the sunshade and water-collecting tiles described in this embodiment is a nursery strip block. A 70-centimeter-long sunshade and water-collecting tile is installed on the nursery ground, and plant seeds are placed under the sunshade and water-collecting tile. Condensed water formed by natural underground water vapor is used to provide nourishing moisture to the seeds, thereby achieving seedling cultivation without manual watering or with reduced manual watering.

[0030] In the northwest desert or Gobi region, when raising seedlings, the sunshade and water-collecting tiles are inserted on one side of the seedlings, with their backs against the wind direction of the sand flow, to provide shade and fix sand during the day, and to use the condensation characteristics of the sunshade tiles to recover condensed water at night. The characteristic of desert areas is that the amount of water evaporation is relatively large at night, and the condensed water will slowly overflow and flow back along the wall to the ground, and then flow back along the wall to the ground to nourish the plants.

[0031] Embodiment 3:

[0032] In order to save costs and because the conditions in different regions of the desert are different, the sunshade and water-collecting tiles in the nursery can also adopt a single structure, that is, a single-layer sunshade and water-collecting tile made of only bagasse or straw residue mixed with micro-nano waterproof and oil-proof agent, without spraying ceramic coating on the surface. Because the conditions in different regions are different, the effect of condensed water in the air flowing back to irrigate the land can be achieved, which can save a lot of costs, but it depends on the weather, soil and other comprehensive actual conditions in various places. The structure and size design of the sunshade and water-collecting tiles in the nursery mainly consider the surface flow direction of wind and sand in the desert area. When installing, the sunshade and water-collecting tiles are facing away from the direction of the quicksand to form an artificial sand barrier to prevent the movement of the quicksand, which can play a good role in preventing wind and sand and protecting the growth of seedlings.

Claims

1. A sunshade and water-collecting tile for plants in desert areas, characterized in that: The main structure of the sunshade and water-collecting tile includes a biomass tile layer, which is made of crop residues such as sugarcane bagasse or corn straw residue mixed with micro-nano waterproof and oil-proof agents and pressed under high temperature and high pressure. Specifically, the sugarcane bagasse or straw residue and the micro-nano waterproof and oil-proof agent are fully mixed in a stirring tank, and then enter the mold tank, molded under a pressure of 15-25 tons and subjected to a high temperature of 180℃~200℃ to completely fix it into shape.

2. A sunshade and water-collecting tile for plants in desert areas, characterized in that: Calculated by mass, 85-97 parts of bagasse or straw residue and 3-15 parts of micro-nano waterproof and oil-proof agent.

3. The sunshade and water-collecting tile for plants in desert areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surface of the sunshade and water-collecting tile is also sprayed with nano-grade ceramic coating, the main components of which are ceramic components such as nano-grade silicon dioxide or zinc dioxide and organic silicon emulsion.

4. The sunshade and water-collecting tile for plants in desert areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the sunshade and water-collecting tile is used for tree cultivation, its overall shape is an arc-shaped sheet, with a semicircular notch on the top and an arc-shaped bottom; a retaining edge is arranged downward along the notch; the positive projection of the sunshade and water-collecting tile is fan-shaped.

5. The sunshade and water-collecting tile for plants in desert areas according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The fan-shaped angle is 145°-180°, and the fan-shaped radius is 15-25cm; the diameter of the notch is 7-13cm; the thickness of the sunshade and water-collecting tile is 2-5mm, and the height is 22-28cm; the height of the retaining edge is 1-5cm.

6. The sunshade and water-collecting tile for plants in desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the sunshade and water-collecting tile is used for raising seedlings, the top thereof is arched, and a column is arranged below one side of the top.

7. The sunshade and water-collecting tile for plants in desert areas according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The thickness of the sunshade and water-collecting tile is 2-5 mm, the total height is 22-28 cm, and the total width is 5-15 cm; the top arch height is 2-8 cm; and the column height is 14-26 cm.

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