Photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic module resource recycling system and a recycling method, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module recycling, a photovoltaic module comprises a frame, glass, battery pieces and a backboard, and the recycling method comprises the steps of frame crushing and recycling, glass powder recycling, battery piece classification and recycling and backboard recycling. The photovoltaic module recycling pretreatment comprises a recycling assembly and a multi-layer segmentation assembly, the recycling assembly fixes the photovoltaic module and then dismantles a frame through a cutting knife and a rotating arc-shaped plate, the dismantling efficiency of the frame is improved, the dismantling effect of the frame is guaranteed, the multi-layer segmentation assembly comprises two sets of rotatable segmentation knives, and the segmentation knives are arranged on the frame. The cutting knife can cut glass, a battery piece and a back plate for subsequent recycling, a fixing assembly is arranged on one side of the multi-layer cutting assembly, the fixing assembly can ensure that the photovoltaic module does not shift when the photovoltaic module is cut by the cutting knife, and accurate cutting of the photovoltaic module is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic component recycling, and in particular to a photovoltaic component resource recycling system and recycling method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, a large number of photovoltaic modules will face retirement after reaching the end of their service life. Photovoltaic modules include frames, glass, cells and back panels. A large amount of raw materials are used in the production process. By recycling these modules, the recycled materials re-enter the production chain for the manufacture of new photovoltaic modules or other products, thereby realizing the recycling of resources. The heavy metals and harmful substances in the modules may penetrate into the soil and groundwater, causing damage to the ecological environment. Traditional photovoltaic recycling modules often need to peel off both sides of the frame multiple times when peeling off the frame, and the dismantling efficiency is low. When splitting the glass, cells and back panels, the accuracy is low, resulting in poor splitting effect, affecting the recycling effect of photovoltaic modules. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a photovoltaic module resource recovery system and recovery method to solve the problems of low efficiency in removing the photovoltaic module frame and poor effect in segmenting the glass, battery cells and backplane.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A photovoltaic component resource recycling system comprises a conveyor belt for conveying photovoltaic components and a recycling component, wherein the recycling component comprises a first support frame, a first motor and a rotating motor, wherein the first motor is mounted on the top of the first support frame, a sleeve and a telescopic rod are mounted on the output end of the first motor, the first motor controls the telescopic rod to extend and retract in the sleeve, a rotating motor is mounted on one end of the telescopic rod, a rotating drum is mounted on the output end of the rotating motor, four groups of rotating rods are evenly arranged on both sides of the rotating drum, the rotating rods form an angle of 75° with the rotating drum, an arc plate is arranged on one end of the rotating rod, the photovoltaic components to be recycled are transported to the bottom of the recycling component by the conveyor belt, the rotating motor drives the rotating drum to rotate, the rotation of the rotating drum drives the rotating rod and the arc plate to rotate, and the four groups of arc plates rotate to remove the frame from the photovoltaic component.

[0006] Preferably, a fixing block is installed on the lower side of the rotating drum, and a ball bearing is arranged between the fixing block and the rotating drum. The fixing block is used to fix the photovoltaic assembly. The fixing block fixes the photovoltaic assembly on the conveyor belt to prevent the photovoltaic assembly from being displaced during the process of removing the frame by the arc plate.

[0007] Preferably, four groups of mutually perpendicular pressure rods are installed on both sides of the bottom of the fixed block, and the pressure rods are used to fix the position of the photovoltaic module. Rigid parts are respectively set at one end of the four groups of pressure rods, and cutting knives are respectively set between the four groups of rigid parts. The bottom ends of the four groups of cutting knives extend out of the bottom ends of the rigid parts, and the four groups of cutting knives are respectively facing the four sides of the frame. The cutting knives cut off the frame from the glass, battery cells and back panel as the telescopic rod is extended and retracted. After the cutting, the recovery component completely removes the frame from the photovoltaic module through a rotating arc plate, thereby improving the removal effect of the frame.

[0008] Preferably, a recycling box is provided at the bottom of the output end of the conveyor belt, and the recycling box is used to collect the dismantled photovoltaic components.

[0009] Preferably, a second support frame is installed at one end of the conveyor belt, and the second support frame is used to support the conveyor belt. A third support frame is set at one end of the conveyor belt, and the third support frame is close to the output end of the conveyor belt, and the third support frame is used to support the conveyor belt. A multi-layer splitting assembly is installed on the third support frame, and the multi-layer splitting assembly includes a first splitting knife and a second splitting knife. The first splitting knife is located on the upper side of the second splitting knife. The conveyor belt drives the photovoltaic assembly through the multi-layer splitting assembly. The first splitting knife separates the glass from the battery cell, and the second splitting knife separates the battery cell from the back plate.

[0010] Preferably, a first rotating shaft is provided at one end of the first dividing knife and the second dividing knife, and a second motor and a third motor are respectively provided at one end of the two groups of the first rotating shafts. The second motor drives the first dividing knife to rotate, and the third motor drives the second dividing knife to rotate. The rotating first dividing knife and the second dividing knife can more accurately divide different photovoltaic components.

[0011] Preferably, a fixed component is arranged at the input end of the multi-layer splitting component, and the fixed component includes a fourth support frame and a pressure roller, a second rotating shaft and a connecting block are arranged at one end of the pressure roller, a connecting column is arranged at the upper end of the connecting block, the connecting column is connected to the fourth support frame, the connecting column slides up and down at the upper end of the connecting block, the second rotating shaft is connected to the connecting block, the pressure roller rotates around the second rotating shaft, and the pressure roller is pressed on the surface of the photovoltaic component to control the photovoltaic component to be cut evenly and stably by the multi-layer splitting component along with the conveyor belt, so as to avoid lateral movement of the photovoltaic component when the photovoltaic component is cut, thereby ensuring the splitting accuracy of the multi-layer splitting component.

[0012] Preferably, a compression spring is installed on one side of the connecting block, one end of the compression spring is connected to the connecting block, and the compression spring is sleeved on the outside of the connecting column. The compression spring can ensure that the pressure roller is tightly attached to the photovoltaic component, thereby ensuring the limiting effect of the pressure roller on the photovoltaic component.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a photovoltaic module resource recovery system and recovery method, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1. Frame disassembly and recycling:

[0015] The four groups of cutting knives are respectively facing the four sides of the frame, and the cutting knives cut off the frame from the glass, the battery cell and the back plate as the telescopic rod is extended and retracted. The rotating motor drives the rotating drum to rotate, and the rotating drum rotates the rotating rod and the arc plate. The four groups of arc plates rotate to remove the frame from the photovoltaic module, and the removed frame is collected and crushed to obtain recyclable frame raw materials;

[0016] S2. Separation of glass, cells and backsheet in photovoltaic modules:

[0017] The two sets of the first and second splitting knives are controlled to rotate by a multi-layer splitting assembly, and the pressing roller is pressed on the surface of the photovoltaic module, so as to control the position of the photovoltaic module to move forward evenly and stably, and the glass, the battery cell and the back plate are accurately separated;

[0018] S3. Recycling of glass, cells and backsheets in photovoltaic modules:

[0019] The dismantled glass is squeezed and crushed into powder as raw material for glass products, which are reprocessed into glass products; the dismantled battery cells are crushed into granules, and then the granular battery cells are screened by a centrifugal screening machine to obtain the screened and classified raw materials for recycling; the dismantled back panels are collected and crushed, and the crushed back panels are recycled as raw materials.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method. The recycling component can remove the frame from the photovoltaic module through the rotating arc plate and the cutting knife, thereby increasing the efficiency of frame removal. The multi-layer segmentation component can more accurately segment different photovoltaic modules through the rotating first segmentation knife and the second segmentation knife. The pressure roller fixes the photovoltaic module when the photovoltaic module is segmented to ensure the accuracy of the cutting of the photovoltaic module. The raw materials of the dismantled photovoltaic module are recycled and reused after crushing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0022] In the attached picture:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the photovoltaic module resource recovery system and recovery method of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is an overall schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module removal device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a partial schematic diagram of a photovoltaic assembly of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the recycling assembly of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a fixing assembly of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the multi-layer segmentation assembly of the present invention.

[0029] Numbers in the figure: 1. glass; 2. battery cell; 3. back plate; 4. first support frame; 5. first motor; 6. sleeve; 7. telescopic rod; 8. conveyor belt; 9. second support frame; 10. fourth support frame; 11. third support frame; 12. recycling box; 13. rotating motor; 14. frame; 15. rotating rod; 16. rotating drum; 17. fixing block; 18. ball bearing; 19. arc plate; 20. compression spring; 21. second rotating shaft; 22. pressure roller; 23. connecting column; 24. connecting block; 25. second motor; 26. first dividing knife; 27. second dividing knife; 28. third motor; 29. ​​first rotating shaft; 30. pressure rod; 31. cutting knife; 32. rigid part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The following text is only used to describe an implementation method of a photovoltaic component resource recycling system and recycling method of the present invention, and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically requested by the present invention.

[0031] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features.

[0032] Example: Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, a photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method, comprising:

[0033] Photovoltaic modules, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the photovoltaic module includes a frame 14, a glass 1, a battery cell 2 and a back plate 3, wherein the glass 1, the battery cell 2 and the back plate 3 are installed in sequence from top to bottom, and the frame 14 is installed on both sides of the glass 1, the battery cell 2 and the back plate 3;

[0034] Conveyor belt 8, such as Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic components to be recycled are placed on the conveyor belt 8;

[0035] Frame 14 recycling components, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the frame 14 recovery component includes a first support frame 4, a first motor 5 and a rotating motor 13, the first motor 5 is installed on the top of the first support frame 4, the output end of the first motor 5 is installed with a sleeve 6 and a telescopic rod 7, the first motor 5 controls the telescopic rod 7 to extend and retract in the sleeve 6, one end of the telescopic rod 7 is installed with a rotating motor 13, the output end of the rotating motor 13 is installed with a rotating drum 16, four groups of rotating rods 15 are evenly arranged on both sides of the rotating drum 16, the rotating rods 15 and the rotating drum 16 form an angle of 75°, and an arc plate 19 is arranged at one end of the rotating rod 15, the photovoltaic components to be recycled are conveyed by the conveyor belt 8 to the bottom of the frame 14 recovery component, the rotating motor 13 drives the rotating drum 16 to rotate, the rotation of the rotating drum 16 drives the rotating rod 15 and the arc plate 19 to rotate, and the four groups of the arc plates 19 rotate to remove the frame 14 from the photovoltaic components.

[0036] In an embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, a fixing block 17 is installed on the lower side of the rotating drum 16, and a ball 18 is arranged between the fixing block 17 and the rotating drum 16. The fixing block 17 is used to fix the photovoltaic assembly. The fixing block 17 fixes the photovoltaic assembly on the conveyor belt 8 to prevent the photovoltaic assembly from being displaced during the removal of the frame 14 by the arc plate 19.

[0037] In an embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a recycling box 12 is provided at the bottom of the output end of the conveyor belt 8, and the recycling box 12 is used to collect the dismantled photovoltaic components.

[0038] In an embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, a second support frame 9 is installed at one end of the conveyor belt 8, and the second support frame 9 is used to support the conveyor belt 8. A third support frame 11 is set at one end of the conveyor belt 8, and the third support frame 11 is close to the output end of the conveyor belt 8. The third support frame 11 is used to support the conveyor belt 8. A multi-layer splitting component is installed on the third support frame 11, and the multi-layer splitting component includes a first splitting knife 26 and a second splitting knife 27. The first splitting knife 26 is located on the upper side of the second splitting knife 27. The conveyor belt 8 drives the photovoltaic component through the multi-layer splitting component. The first splitting knife 26 separates the glass 1 from the battery cell 2, and the second splitting knife 27 separates the battery cell 2 from the back panel 3.

[0039] In the embodiment, four groups of mutually perpendicular pressure rods 30 are respectively installed on both sides of the bottom of the fixing block 17, and the pressure rods 30 are used to fix the position of the photovoltaic module. Rigid parts 32 are respectively set at one end of the four groups of pressure rods 30, and cutting knives 31 are respectively set between the four groups of rigid parts 32. The bottom ends of the four groups of cutting knives 31 extend out of the bottom ends of the rigid parts 32, and the four groups of cutting knives 31 are respectively facing the four sides of the frame 14. The cutting knives 31 cut off the frame 14 from the glass 1, the battery cell 2 and the back panel 3 as the telescopic rod 7 is extended and retracted. After the cutting, the recycling component completely removes the frame 14 from the photovoltaic module through the rotating arc plate 19, thereby improving the removal effect of the frame 14.

[0040] In an embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, a first rotating shaft 29 is provided at one end of the first dividing knife 26 and the second dividing knife 27, and a second motor 25 and a third motor 28 are provided at one end of two groups of the first rotating shafts 29 respectively. The second motor 25 drives the first dividing knife 26 to rotate, and the third motor 28 drives the second dividing knife 27 to rotate. The rotating first dividing knife 26 and the second dividing knife 27 can more accurately divide different photovoltaic components.

[0041] In an embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, a fixed component is arranged at the input end of the multi-layer splitting component, and the fixed component includes a fourth support frame 10 and a pressure roller 22. A second rotating shaft 21 and a connecting block 24 are arranged at one end of the pressure roller 22. A connecting column 23 is arranged at the upper end of the connecting block 24. The connecting column 23 is connected to the fourth support frame 10. The connecting column 23 slides up and down at the upper end of the connecting block 24. The second rotating shaft 21 is connected to the connecting block 24. The pressure roller 22 rotates around the second rotating shaft 21. The pressure roller 22 is pressed on the surface of the photovoltaic component to control the photovoltaic component to be cut evenly and stably by the multi-layer splitting component along with the conveyor belt 8, thereby avoiding lateral movement of the photovoltaic component when the photovoltaic component is cut, thereby ensuring the splitting accuracy of the multi-layer splitting component.

[0042] In an embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, a compression spring 20 is installed on one side of the connecting block 24, one end of the compression spring 20 is connected to the connecting block 24, and the compression spring 20 is sleeved on the outside of the connecting column 23. The compression spring 20 can ensure that the pressure roller 22 is tightly attached to the photovoltaic component, thereby ensuring the limiting effect of the pressure roller 22 on the photovoltaic component.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also discloses a photovoltaic module resource recovery system and recovery method, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1, frame 14 disassembly and recycling:

[0045] The four groups of cutting knives 31 are respectively facing the four sides of the frame 14. The cutting knives 31 cut off the frame 14 from the glass 1, the battery cell 2 and the back plate 3 as the telescopic rod 7 is extended and retracted. The rotating motor 13 drives the rotating drum 16 to rotate. The rotating drum 16 rotates to drive the rotating rod 15 and the arc plate 19 to rotate. The four groups of arc plates 19 rotate to remove the frame 14 from the photovoltaic module. The removed frame 14 is collected and crushed to obtain recyclable frame raw materials.

[0046] Separation of S2, glass 1, battery cell 2 and back panel 3:

[0047] The two groups of the first segmentation blades 26 and the second segmentation blades 27 are controlled to rotate by the multi-layer segmentation assembly, and the pressure roller 22 is pressed on the surface of the photovoltaic module, so as to control the position of the photovoltaic module to move forward evenly and stably, and the glass 1, the cell 2 and the back plate 3 are accurately separated;

[0048] S3, recycling of glass 1, battery cell 2 and back panel 3:

[0049] The dismantled glass 1 is squeezed and crushed into powder as raw materials for glass 1 products, which are reprocessed into glass 1 products; the dismantled battery cells 2 are crushed into particles, and then the particles of the battery cells 2 are screened by a centrifugal screening machine to obtain the screened and classified raw materials for recycling; the dismantled back panels 3 are collected and crushed, and the crushed back panels 3 are recycled as raw materials.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module resource recycling system, comprising a conveyor belt for conveying photovoltaic modules and a recycling component, characterized in that: The recycling component includes a first support frame, a first motor and a rotating motor. The first motor is installed on the top of the first support frame. A sleeve and a telescopic rod are installed at the output end of the first motor. The first motor controls the telescopic rod to extend and retract in the sleeve. A rotating motor is installed at one end of the telescopic rod. A rotating drum is installed at the output end of the rotating motor. Four groups of rotating rods are evenly arranged on both sides of the rotating drum. The rotating rods form an angle of 75° with the rotating drum. An arc plate is arranged at one end of the rotating rod. The photovoltaic components to be recycled are conveyed to the bottom of the recycling component by a conveyor belt. The rotating motor drives the rotating drum to rotate. The rotation of the rotating drum drives the rotating rod and the arc plate to rotate. The four groups of arc plates rotate to remove the frame from the photovoltaic components.

2. A photovoltaic module resource recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing block is installed at the lower side of the rotating drum, a ball bearing is arranged between the fixing block and the rotating drum, and the fixing block is used to fix the photovoltaic assembly.

3. A photovoltaic module resource recovery system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Four groups of mutually perpendicular pressure rods are installed on both sides of the bottom of the fixed block, and the pressure rods are used to fix the position of the photovoltaic module. Rigid parts are respectively set at one end of the four groups of pressure rods, and cutting knives are respectively set between the four groups of rigid parts. The bottom ends of the four groups of cutting knives extend out of the bottom ends of the rigid parts, and the four groups of cutting knives are respectively facing the four side edges of the frame. The cutting knives cut off the frame from the photovoltaic module as the telescopic rod is extended and retracted.

4. A photovoltaic module resource recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A recycling box is arranged at the bottom of the output end of the conveyor belt, and the recycling box is used to collect the dismantled photovoltaic components.

5. A photovoltaic module resource recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second support frame is installed at one end of the conveyor belt, and the second support frame is close to one end of the recycling component for supporting the conveyor belt. A third support frame is set at the other end of the conveyor belt, and the third support frame is close to the output end of the conveyor belt. The third support frame is used to support the conveyor belt. A multi-layer splitting component is installed on the third support frame, and the multi-layer splitting component includes a first splitting knife and a second splitting knife. The first splitting knife is located on the upper side of the second splitting knife. The conveyor belt drives the photovoltaic component through the multi-layer splitting component. The first splitting knife separates the glass and the battery cell in the photovoltaic component, and the second splitting knife separates the battery cell and the backplane in the photovoltaic component.

6. A photovoltaic module resource recovery system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first dividing knife and the second dividing knife are both provided with a first rotating shaft at one end, and the two sets of the first rotating shafts are respectively provided with a second motor and a third motor at one end, the second motor drives the first dividing knife to rotate, and the third motor drives the second dividing knife to rotate.

7. A photovoltaic module resource recovery system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A fixed component is arranged at the input end of the multi-layer splitting component, and the fixed component includes a fourth support frame and a pressure roller. A second rotating shaft and a connecting block are arranged at one end of the pressure roller. A connecting column is arranged at the upper end of the connecting block, and the connecting column is connected to the fourth support frame. The connecting column slides up and down at the upper end of the connecting block. The second rotating shaft is connected to the connecting block, and the pressure roller rotates around the second rotating shaft. The pressure roller is pressed on the surface of the photovoltaic component to control the photovoltaic component to be evenly and stably cut by the multi-layer splitting component along with the conveyor belt.

8. A photovoltaic module resource recycling system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A compression spring is installed on one side of the connection block, one end of the compression spring is connected to the connection block, and the compression spring is sleeved on the outside of the connection column.

9. A recycling method based on the photovoltaic module resource recycling system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Frame disassembly and recycling: The four groups of cutting knives are respectively facing the four sides of the frame, and the cutting knives cut the frame from the photovoltaic module as the telescopic rod is extended and retracted. After the frame is cut, the rotating motor drives the rotating drum to rotate, and the rotating drum rotates the rotating rod and the arc plate. The four groups of arc plates rotate to completely remove the frame from the photovoltaic module, and the removed frame is collected and crushed to obtain recyclable frame raw materials; S2. Separation of glass, cells and backsheet in photovoltaic modules: The two groups of the first and second splitting knives are controlled to rotate by a multi-layer splitting assembly, and the pressing roller is pressed on the surface of the photovoltaic module, so as to control the position of the photovoltaic module to move forward evenly and stably, and the glass, battery cells and backboard in the photovoltaic module are accurately separated; S3. Recycling of glass, cells and backsheets in photovoltaic modules: The dismantled glass is squeezed and crushed into powder as raw material for glass products, which are reprocessed into glass products; the dismantled battery cells are crushed into granules, and then the granular battery cells are screened by a centrifugal screening machine to obtain the screened and classified raw materials for recycling; the dismantled back panels are collected and crushed, and the crushed back panels are recycled as raw materials.

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