Preparation device and method of aluminum-based composite material semi-continuous casting rod

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation device and method for an aluminum matrix composite semi-continuous casting rod. The preparation device comprises a wire feeder, a furnace body, a fluid bed and a plurality of casting machines. An induction heating coil is arranged between the furnace body and the wire feeder, a liquid outlet is formed in the side wall of the furnace body, and a stirring assembly is arranged in the furnace body. And a plurality of ultrasonic vibration assemblies are arranged on the fluid bed. Each casting machine comprises an electromagnetic stirring mechanism and a crystallizer which are sequentially arranged in the melt flowing direction, and the electromagnetic stirring mechanisms communicate with the fluid bed. According to the method, the stirring and mixing process of the aluminum-based composite material is combined with the crystallization rod casting process, the aluminum-based composite material melt is prepared through strong shear stirring under the protection of inert gas, and a reinforced phase is dispersed and distributed by applying ultrasonic vibration to a fluidized bed area and applying electromagnetic stirring in a casting machine; and the high-quality aluminum-based composite material casting rod which is uniform in reinforced phase dispersion and consistent in internal and external tissues is obtained through mold casting of a crystallizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of composite material production, and in particular relates to a device and a method for preparing a semi-continuous cast rod of an aluminum-based composite material. Background Art

[0002] Metal matrix composites are new materials proposed to meet the rapid development of the information age. Metal matrix composites not only have the excellent properties of the matrix material but also have the characteristics of other component materials, especially they can give full play to the synergistic effect of each component material. Particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites are a new type of high-performance material with broad application prospects in metal matrix composites. Due to its excellent high temperature performance, high wear resistance, high specific stiffness and other mechanical properties and good machinability, it has been widely used as structural materials or functional structural materials in industries such as aerospace, automobiles, military industry, electric power transportation, and machinery manufacturing. The casting molding process of the early casting rods or ingots of aluminum matrix composites determines the quality of the casting, which will have an important impact on the subsequent processing and final performance of the composite material.

[0003] With the deepening of research on aluminum-based composite materials and the expansion of their application fields, the demand for aluminum-based composite cast rods (ingots) is also increasing. At present, the relatively successful methods for preparing aluminum-based composite materials are powder metallurgy, aluminum liquid infiltration and stirring casting. The preparation of large-sized ingots by powder metallurgy of aluminum-based composite materials requires hot isostatic pressing equipment, which is expensive, has a complex production process and high cost. Aluminum liquid infiltration is a low-cost metal-based composite material method, but as the size of the ingot becomes larger, the adaptability of the method becomes difficult.

[0004] The patent with publication number CN1727505A provides a method for preparing an in-situ particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The method casts the in-situ particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material melt into a casting mold to obtain an aluminum-based composite material ingot. Due to the limitations of the casting mold size and the casting mold cooling capacity, it is difficult to prepare a large-sized ingot with fine grains and uniform particle distribution. The technical solution of this patent is difficult to promote production in large-scale industrial production.

[0005] The patent with publication number CN103240402A provides a method for producing particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite ingots. This method naturally accumulates small spherical porous bodies in the inner cavity of a casting mold, and produces ingots by vacuum-pressure infiltration of molten metal. The particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite ingots prepared by this method have low density, resulting in low performance of subsequent processed products of the material. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for preparing semi-continuous cast rods of aluminum-based composite materials to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] Provided is a device for preparing a semi-continuous cast rod of an aluminum-based composite material, comprising: Wire feeder; A furnace body, wherein an induction heating coil is arranged between the furnace body and the wire feeder, and a stirring assembly is arranged inside the furnace body; A fluid bed, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic vibration components are arranged on the fluid bed; A plurality of casting machines, comprising an electromagnetic stirring mechanism and a crystallizer sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the melt, wherein the electromagnetic stirring mechanism is connected to the fluid bed; the crystallizer comprises a plastic graphite ring and a porous graphite ring sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the melt, wherein a connecting channel is formed inside the porous graphite ring for circulating and outputting a medium so as to form a film-like medium layer for constraining the melt on the inner ring surface of the porous graphite ring.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: a liquid outlet is provided on the side wall of the furnace body.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the wire feeder includes a motor and a transmission shaft, the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the wire is wound on the transmission shaft. When the wire feeder feeds wire, the motor drives the transmission shaft to rotate, and the wire wound on the transmission shaft naturally falls, so as to achieve uniform wire feeding and accurately control the feeding amount.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the furnace body is connected to an inert gas delivery assembly, so that the aluminum alloy melt and the aluminum-based composite material wire in the furnace body are mixed and stirred in an inert gas atmosphere to form an aluminum-based composite material melt, thereby preventing the melt from being oxidized.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the fluid bed includes a confluence plate and a diverter plate, and the bottom wall depth of the confluence plate is greater than the bottom wall depth of the diverter plate. The melt accumulated on the confluence plate is deep, and after the liquid outlet on the furnace body is opened, the melt is poured on the confluence plate to obtain a buffer to avoid melt splashing. The melt on the diverter plate is shallow to avoid the ultrasonic attenuation of the ultrasonic vibration component, which causes the surface melt to be unable to vibrate and stir.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the ultrasonic vibration assembly includes a first ultrasonic probe and a second ultrasonic probe, wherein a plurality of the first ultrasonic probes are arranged on the bottom wall of the fluidized bed, and the second ultrasonic probes extend from the top of the casting machine into the melt to the electromagnetic stirring mechanism. The first ultrasonic probe performs ultrasonic vibration on the melt in the fluidized bed area, and the second ultrasonic probe performs ultrasonic vibration on the melt in the electromagnetic stirring area in the casting machine, effectively avoiding the violent agglomeration of the reinforcement phase in this area.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the electromagnetic stirring mechanism includes a graphite flow guide tube and an electromagnetic stirring coil, the graphite flow guide tube is connected to the fluid bed, and the electromagnetic stirring coil is arranged on the periphery of the graphite flow guide tube. The graphite material used in the graphite flow guide tube is stable in nature, and a stirring area is formed before cooling and casting, and a preliminary casting is performed. The electromagnetic stirring coil electromagnetically stirs the melt through electromagnetic induction, so that the reinforcing phase and the aluminum alloy melt are evenly dispersed before entering the crystallizer. In addition, the heat of the melt can be compensated during the electromagnetic stirring process, and the casting temperature of the melt can be controlled within an appropriate range.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the porous graphite ring includes a water inlet and a ventilation inlet, and the water inlet and the ventilation inlet are both connected to the communication channel inside the porous graphite ring. The water inlet inputs cooling water into the porous graphite ring, and the ventilation inlet inputs gas into the porous graphite ring. The cooling water and the gas are mixed in the porous graphite ring and then output to form a "steam film". The gas constrains the melt through air pressure, and the cooling water cools the melt, thereby realizing non-contact casting of rods.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: the plastic graphite ring forms a necking structure with a gradually decreasing diameter along the melt flow direction. After the melt is initially cooled by the plastic graphite ring, a solidified shell is formed. At this time, the melt in this area is in a semi-liquid and semi-solid state and has a certain strength. The connection strength of the transition area between the melt and the cast rod is enhanced through the limiting and diameter transition of the necking structure, so as to avoid the fracture of the transition area after the cast rod is continuously generated, which affects the quality of the finished product.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the fluidized bed is provided with a heating component, which is used to preheat the fluidized bed before the melt is input into the fluidized bed, so as to avoid the melt from cooling down quickly and causing solidification.

[0017] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a semi-continuous cast rod of an aluminum-based composite material, which is prepared using the above-mentioned preparation device and comprises the following steps: S1. The aluminum alloy melt in the furnace is heated to 20°C~50°C above the liquidus under an inert gas atmosphere, and the wire feeder is started to heat the aluminum-based composite wire to 480°C~520°C through an induction heating coil and feed it into the melt for stirring; S2. Open the liquid outlet of the furnace body. Start the ultrasonic vibration component when the melt flows into the casting machine through the fluid bed. The vibration frequency is 25kHz~34kHz and the power density is 0.3W / cm 2 ~0.35W / cm 2 ; S3, the melt enters the casting machine and starts casting, the electromagnetic stirring mechanism is started to put the melt in a rotating stirring state, and the melt is initially cooled and solidified in the plastic graphite ring area; S4, when the casting length is 200mm~400mm, the porous graphite ring is turned on to supply water and ventilation and a dielectric film is formed on the inner ring, the air pressure is controlled at 0.4MPa~0.6MPa, the cooling water flow is controlled at 450L / min~550L / min, and the continuous casting speed is controlled at 190mm / min~260mm / min; S5. Continuously cool the mixture under the action of secondary cooling water, and the casting process is completed to obtain an aluminum-based composite material cast rod.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S2, before the furnace outlet is opened, the fluid bed is preheated to 300° C. to 500° C. by a heating assembly. At this temperature, the melt will not drop rapidly after contacting the fluid bed, and the melt temperature is effectively maintained before the melt is transported to the casting machine.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: the casting temperature of the melt is controlled at 630° C. to 650° C. during the stirring process in the electromagnetic stirring mechanism area.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention designs a set of melt-multi-stage stirring and dispersing-crystallization preparation equipment, combines the stirring and mixing process of aluminum-based composite materials with the crystallization casting process, realizes the preparation of aluminum-based composite material melt by strong shear stirring under the protection of inert gas, and disperses the reinforcement phase by applying ultrasonic vibration in the fluidized bed area and electromagnetic stirring in the casting machine. Through crystallizer casting, high-quality aluminum-based composite material cast rods with uniformly dispersed reinforcement phases and consistent internal and external structures of the composite material cast rods are obtained.

[0021] 2. After being stirred, the melt first passes through the plastic graphite ring for preliminary cooling and solidification. The film-like medium layer formed by the output of the porous graphite ring shapes and continuously cools the melt to form an aluminum-based composite material casting rod. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present drawings or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present drawings. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for preparing semi-continuous casting rods of aluminum-based composite materials; Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a casting machine provided by the present invention; Figure 3The microstructure of the 3wt% CNTs / 6061 aluminum-based composite material cast rod prepared in Example 1; Figure 4 This is the microstructure of 3wt% CNTs / 6061 aluminum-based composite cast rod prepared by conventional continuous casting process.

[0024] In the figure: 1. wire feeder; 11. induction heating coil; 12. motor; 13. transmission shaft; 2. furnace body; 21. liquid outlet; 22. stirring assembly; 3. fluid bed; 31. ultrasonic vibration assembly; 311. first ultrasonic probe; 312. second ultrasonic probe; 32. conduit; 33. diverter; 34. heating assembly; 4. casting machine; 41. electromagnetic stirring mechanism; 411. graphite flow guide tube; 412. electromagnetic stirring coil; 42. crystallizer; 421. plastic graphite ring; 422. porous graphite ring; 5. inert gas delivery assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is described and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments provided by the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Obviously, the drawings described below are only some examples or embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the present invention can also be applied to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without creative work. In addition, it can also be understood that although the efforts made in this development process may be complicated and lengthy, for ordinary technicians in this field related to the content disclosed by the present invention, some changes in design, manufacturing or production based on the technical content disclosed by the present invention are just conventional technical means, and should not be understood as insufficient content disclosed by the present invention.

[0027] However, unnecessary detailed descriptions may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repeated descriptions of substantially the same structures may be omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. In addition, the drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0028] See also Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, a preparation device for semi-continuous cast rods of aluminum-based composite materials includes a wire feeder 1, a furnace body 2, a fluid bed 3, and a plurality of casting machines 4. An induction heating coil 11 is arranged between the furnace body 2 and the wire feeder 1, a liquid outlet 21 is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 2, and a stirring component 22 is arranged inside the furnace body 2. A plurality of ultrasonic vibration components 31 are arranged on the fluid bed 3. The plurality of casting machines 4 include an electromagnetic stirring mechanism 41 and a crystallizer 42 arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the melt, and the electromagnetic stirring mechanism 41 is connected to the fluid bed 3.

[0029] During preparation, the wire feeder 1 is turned on to feed the high volume fraction aluminum-based composite material wire into the induction heating coil 11 for induction heating. After the wire is fed out of the induction heating coil 11, it enters the furnace body 2 to mix with the melt, and the stirring assembly 22 is turned on at the same time for strong shear stirring. The furnace body 2 is connected to an inert gas delivery assembly 5, and the wire and the aluminum alloy melt are mixed under an inert gas atmosphere to avoid oxidation. The wire feeder 1 includes a motor 12 and a transmission shaft 13. When the motor 12 is started, the transmission shaft 13 is driven to rotate so that the wire wound on the transmission shaft 13 is transported at a constant speed. The mechanism can control the speed at which the high volume fraction aluminum-based composite material wire is added to the melt according to the proportion of reinforcement in the produced composite material cast rod.

[0030] After the preparation of the composite material melt is completed, the fluid bed 3 is preheated to 300°C~500°C in advance by the heating component 34, and the liquid outlet 21 is opened to allow the melt to be poured onto the fluid bed 3. The preheated fluid bed 3 keeps the melt warm and prevents the melt from initial solidification. The heating component 34 can be heated from the bottom of the fluid bed 3 by resistance heating. The fluid bed 3 includes a confluence plate 32 and a diversion plate 33. The confluence plate 32 with a deeper bottom wall acts as a buffer for the poured melt to prevent the melt from splashing. The diversion plate 33 with a shallower bottom wall can have an inclination angle of 0.5°~3° to guide the melt toward each casting machine 4.

[0031] A plurality of ultrasonic vibration components 31 are arranged in the flow area of ​​the melt on the fluidized bed 3, which exert a strong vibration on the melt in the region, effectively preventing the reinforcement phase from agglomerating violently in the region. After the melt enters the casting machine 4, it is first electromagnetically stirred by an electromagnetic stirring mechanism 41, so that the reinforcement phase and the aluminum alloy melt are evenly dispersed before entering the crystallizer 42, and the heat compensation of the melt is realized by electromagnetic induction.

[0032] Furthermore, the ultrasonic vibration assembly 31 includes a first ultrasonic probe 311 and a second ultrasonic probe 312. A plurality of first ultrasonic probes 311 are arranged on the bottom wall of the fluidized bed 3, and the second ultrasonic probes 312 extend from the top of the casting machine 4 into the melt to the electromagnetic stirring mechanism 41. The first ultrasonic probe 311 performs ultrasonic vibration on the melt in the fluidized bed 3 region, and the second ultrasonic probe 312 performs ultrasonic vibration on the melt in the electromagnetic stirring region in the casting machine 4, so that the melt is always prevented from agglomerating before casting to maintain a uniform dispersion state.

[0033] The electromagnetic stirring mechanism 41 is composed of a graphite flow guide tube 411 and an electromagnetic stirring coil 412 . The graphite flow guide tube 411 is made of graphite material, which does not react with the melt and is not easy to adhere to, and will not interfere with the electromagnetic stirring effect of the electromagnetic stirring coil 412 .

[0034] After being stirred by the electromagnetic stirring mechanism 41, the melt enters the crystallizer 42 for cooling and casting. The crystallizer 42 includes a plastic graphite ring 421 and a porous graphite ring 422, both of which are made of graphite material. The melt first passes through the plastic graphite ring 421 for preliminary cooling and solidification, and then passes through the porous graphite ring 422 for continuous cooling and casting. The porous graphite ring 422 has a multi-channel structure inside and a plurality of output holes on the inner ring. The film-like medium layer formed by the output medium on the inner ring can constrain the melt and prevent the melt from contacting the porous graphite ring 422. At the same time, the continuously output medium can take away the heat on the surface of the melt and continuously cool the melt.

[0035] In another embodiment, the crystallizer 42 may be composed of two graphite rings, the upper graphite ring has the same function as the plastic graphite ring 421, and a through hole is provided between the two graphite rings, and the through hole guides the output direction of the medium along the surface of the lower graphite ring and forms a vapor film on the inner ring surface of the lower graphite ring. The graphite ring used in this medium output method has a simple structure and more stable air pressure control, but due to the lack of mixing of cooling water and gas in a porous structure, the mixing uniformity is poor, and the vapor film state formed is unstable, and the cooling uniformity of the melt is poor compared to the porous graphite ring 422.

[0036] Specifically, the medium includes gas and cooling water. The gas enters through the air inlet on the porous graphite ring 422, and the cooling water enters through the water inlet on the porous graphite ring 422. The gas and the cooling water are mixed under the porous structure inside the porous graphite ring 422, and are output from the output holes on the inner ring wall of the porous graphite ring 422 to form a vapor film. The gas constrains the melt through air pressure, and the cooling water cools the melt, thereby realizing non-contact casting of rods.

[0037] Furthermore, the plastic graphite ring 421 forms a constriction-shaped structure with a gradually decreasing diameter along the melt flow direction. After the melt is initially cooled by the plastic graphite ring 421, a solidified shell is formed. At this time, the melt in this area is in a semi-liquid and semi-solid state and has a certain strength. The connection strength of the transition area between the melt and the cast rod is enhanced through the limiting and diameter transition of the constriction structure, so as to avoid the fracture of the transition area after the cast rod is continuously generated, which affects the quality of the finished product.

[0038] Example 1 Step S1: The 6061 aluminum alloy melt in the furnace body 2 is heated to 640°C under an inert gas atmosphere, the wire feeder 1 is turned on to feed the 10wt% CNTs / Al aluminum-based composite material wire into the induction heating coil 11, and the wire is heated to 500°C and then fed into the melt, and at the same time, the stirring assembly 22 on the side wall of the furnace body 2 is turned on for sufficient mixing to obtain a 3wt% CNTs / 6061 aluminum-based composite material melt.

[0039] Step S2: Open the liquid outlet 21 for continuous casting. When the melt flows through the fluid bed 3 into the casting machine 4, the first ultrasonic probe 311 and the second ultrasonic probe 312 are activated. The vibration frequency is 30 kHz and the power density is 0.3 W / cm 2 .

[0040] Step S3: The melt enters the casting machine 4 to start casting, and the electromagnetic stirring mechanism 41 is started to put the melt in a rotating stirring state. The temperature of the melt is controlled at 630°C before entering the crystallizer 42, and then the melt enters the plastic graphite ring 421 area for preliminary cooling and solidification.

[0041] Step S4: When the casting length is 300 mm, cooling water and gas are introduced into the porous graphite ring 422 to form a steam film on the inner ring of the porous graphite ring 422. The air pressure is controlled at 0.5 MPa, the cooling water flow rate is controlled at 550 L / min, and the continuous casting speed is controlled at 200 mm / min.

[0042] Step S5: Continuously cool the aluminum-based composite material under the action of secondary cooling water, and obtain a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum-based composite material cast rod with uniformly dispersed carbon nanotubes after the casting process.

[0043] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, Figure 3 The microstructure of a 3wt% CNTs / 6061 aluminum-based composite material cast rod prepared by the preparation device and preparation method of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 4 The microstructure of 3wt% CNTs / 6061 aluminum matrix composite rod prepared by ordinary continuous casting process is shown in Figure 2. Figure 4 In the microstructural state, the reinforcement phase of the aluminum-based composite material cast rod obtained by the present invention is evenly dispersed and the structure is significantly improved.

[0044] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention are all included in the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present invention, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preparing semi-continuous casting rods of aluminum-based composite materials, characterized in that: include: Wire feeder (1); A furnace body (2), wherein an induction heating coil (11) is arranged between the furnace body (2) and the wire feeder (1), and a stirring assembly (22) is arranged inside the furnace body (2); A fluidized bed (3), wherein a plurality of ultrasonic vibration components (31) are arranged on the fluidized bed (3); A plurality of casting machines (4), comprising an electromagnetic stirring mechanism (41) and a crystallizer (42) arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the melt, wherein the electromagnetic stirring mechanism (41) is connected to the fluid bed (3); The crystallizer (42) comprises a plastic graphite ring (421) and a porous graphite ring (422) arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the melt, wherein a connecting channel is formed inside the porous graphite ring (422) for circulating and outputting a medium so as to form a film-like medium layer on the inner ring surface of the porous graphite ring (422) to constrain the melt.

2. The device for preparing semi-continuous cast rods of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire feeder (1) comprises a motor (12) and a transmission shaft (13); the transmission shaft (13) is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the motor (12), and the wire is wound on the transmission shaft (13).

3. The device for preparing semi-continuous cast rods of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow bed (3) comprises a flow collecting plate (32) and a flow dividing plate (33), and the bottom wall depth of the flow collecting plate (32) is greater than the bottom wall depth of the flow dividing plate (33).

4. The device for preparing semi-continuous cast rods of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration component (31) comprises a first ultrasonic probe (311) and a second ultrasonic probe (312), wherein a plurality of the first ultrasonic probes (311) are arranged on the bottom wall of the fluid bed (3), and the second ultrasonic probes (312) extend from the top of the casting machine (4) into the melt to the electromagnetic stirring mechanism (41).

5. The device for preparing semi-continuous cast rods of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic stirring mechanism (41) comprises a graphite flow guide tube (411) and an electromagnetic stirring coil (412); the graphite flow guide tube (411) is in communication with the fluid bed (3); and the electromagnetic stirring coil (412) is arranged on the periphery of the graphite flow guide tube (411).

6. The device for preparing semi-continuous cast rods of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous graphite ring (422) comprises a water inlet and a ventilation inlet, and both the water inlet and the ventilation inlet are connected to the communication channel inside the porous graphite ring (422).

7. The device for preparing semi-continuous cast rods of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plastic graphite ring (421) forms a shrinking structure with a gradually decreasing diameter along the melt flow direction.

8. The device for preparing semi-continuous cast rods of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluid bed (3) is provided with a heating component (34).

9. A method for preparing a semi-continuous cast rod of an aluminum-based composite material, using the preparation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The aluminum alloy melt is heated to 20°C~50°C above the liquidus under an inert gas atmosphere, and the aluminum-based composite wire is heated to 480°C~520°C and fed into the melt and stirred; S2. The stirred melt is subjected to ultrasonic vibration treatment during the process of flowing into the casting machine (4), with the vibration frequency being 25kHz~34kHz and the power density being 0.3W / cm 2 ~0.35W / cm 2 ; S3, the melt enters the casting machine (4) and starts casting, the electromagnetic stirring mechanism (41) is started to put the melt into a rotating stirring state, and the melt is initially cooled and solidified in the plastic graphite ring (421) area; S4, when the casting length is between 200 mm and 400 mm, the porous graphite ring (422) is turned on to supply water and ventilation and form a dielectric film on the inner ring, the air pressure is controlled at 0.4 MPa to 0.6 MPa, the cooling water flow rate is controlled at 450 L / min to 550 L / min, and the continuous casting speed is controlled at 190 mm / min to 260 mm / min; S5. Continuously cool the mixture under the action of secondary cooling water, and the casting process is completed to obtain an aluminum-based composite material cast rod.

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