Electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect self-adaptive regulation and control device

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic field-assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect self-adaptive regulation and control device. Magnetic poles of a magnetic field assembly are arranged on the upper surface of a box for bearing the magnetic field assembly, and air blowing openings of air guide pipes are formed in gaps of the magnetic poles; the blow-off nozzle is aligned with the bottom of the weld in the vertical direction, so that air from the blow-off nozzle is guided to two sides through the bottom of the weld metal bath to form lateral air; the gas-guide tube is connected with a high-pressure gas source; a gap between the upper surface of the box body on the two sides of the magnetic pole and the welding base material forms an air channel of the lateral air; second springs are supported by the bottom of the box. Lifting assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the magnetic pole, and each lifting assembly comprises a wind pressure transmission mechanism which is transversely and horizontally arranged and a mechanical transmission mechanism which drives the magnetic pole to vertically ascend and descend through transverse movement of the wind pressure transmission mechanism; the wind pressure transmission mechanisms of the two lifting assemblies are collinear in the transverse direction. The wind pressure is reflected on lifting of the magnetic pole, the distance between the magnetic pole and the welding seam is adjusted, and then the Lorentz force of the magnetic pole to a welding seam molten pool is adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and in particular relates to an electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device. Background Art

[0002] Welding is an indispensable processing technology in modern manufacturing and is widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding industry, energy equipment and other fields. Traditional welding methods include arc welding and laser welding. Arc welding uses an arc to generate high temperature to melt the parent material and filler material. It has the advantages of low equipment cost and wide applicability, but it has problems such as large heat input, large welding deformation, and slow welding speed. Laser welding uses a high-energy laser beam to melt materials. It has the advantages of high energy density, fast welding speed, and small heat-affected zone, but it has high requirements for workpiece assembly accuracy and is difficult to weld high-reflectivity materials. In order to overcome the limitations of a single welding method, laser arc hybrid welding technology came into being. This technology uses both laser beams and arcs as heat sources. The laser beam provides high energy density, and the arc provides greater penetration and filler materials. The two interact with each other to form a stable composite heat source.

[0003] In recent years, with the entry of 10,000-watt lasers into the market, the penetration depth of laser-arc hybrid welding for single-sided welding and double-sided forming has further increased. As the thickness of the welded plate increases, defects such as spatter, pores, undercuts, and collapse often occur. Among them, weld collapse defects are even more difficult to eliminate in thick plate welding, which seriously affects the performance and life of the joint.

[0004] In laser-arc hybrid welding, dual heat sources cause the welding base material to melt, gasify, and plasmatize. The molten metal is subjected to the recoil pressure of steam, arc pressure, and its own gravity. Studies have found that the imbalance between the molten pool gravity and the bottom tension is the main cause of the collapse of the weld bottom. The existing main way to control the collapse of the weld is through external support, base welding, etc. Although it can effectively control the formation of weld collapse, it puts higher requirements on the welding processing environment, processing cycle, and production cost.

[0005] In the academic paper “PA position full penetration highpower laser beam welding of up to 30 mm thick AlMg3 plates usingelectromagnetic weld pool support” written by German scholar VV Avilov, a technical solution was published to address the above-mentioned problem. This solution adds an oscillating electromagnetic field below the molten pool at the weld of the welding base material to provide an upward Lorentz force to the molten metal at the bottom of the weld. This support force slows down the downward flow of the molten metal and inhibits the formation of collapse at the bottom of the weld. However, when this solution is implemented, it is easy for the molten pool to be subjected to excessive or insufficient force due to changes in the magnetic field intensity, causing the final weld to be convex or concave, seriously affecting the quality of the welding base material. Therefore, it is necessary to install an external mechanism to adjust the magnitude of the Lorentz force on the molten pool of the welding base material. Several technical solutions have been disclosed to address this problem:

[0006] The Chinese patent application number 201811033087.7 ​​discloses an online detection method and device for laser welding hump defects. The device collects images by installing a high-speed camera on the side of the welding base material, analyzes the images and feeds the results back to the motion control unit, and changes the laser focus position to suppress the collapse of the weld bottom; however, the feedback system of the invention has high requirements for the precision of the high-speed camera, and the camera itself is easily affected by the strong light generated by welding, and the reliability is low.

[0007] The Chinese patent application number 201920521500.8 discloses an electromagnetic field assisted laser welding device. The device places the workpiece between two permanent magnets and clamps it, and provides current to the molten pool through a current generator. The current flows through the static magnetic field of the permanent magnet to generate a stable electromagnetic force, thereby ensuring the quality of the weld formation.

[0008] The Chinese patent application number 202210924200.0 discloses a magnetic field-assisted laser welding platform designed based on magnetic field morphology simulation. The platform consists of a magnetic field generating device and a welding tool. The alternating magnetic field concentrated under the weld is generated by winding a coil around the surface of the silicon steel sheet, thereby optimizing the welding quality. The simulation results show that when the distance between the iron core and the lower surface of the welding base material decreases, the magnetic field intensity at the center of the weld increases.

[0009] The above technical solution can already utilize the alternating magnetic field to avoid the formation of collapse at the bottom of the weld, and can even achieve a concave effect at the bottom of the weld. However, the control of the collapse effect is mainly achieved by adjusting the process parameters or the input power of the alternating magnetic field, and the adjustment method is manual adjustment with limited accuracy, and it is impossible to automatically adjust the Lorentz force on the molten metal at the weld by a purely mechanical method. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes an electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device.

[0011] The present invention blows air toward the lower end of the weld pool, and uses a windshield to bear the lateral wind guided by the lower end of the weld pool. The change in the shape of the lower end of the weld pool causes the wind direction of the lateral wind to change, and the wind pressure on the windshield changes accordingly, thereby collecting the shape information of the lower end of the weld pool. The present invention converts the wind pressure on the windshield into a vertical force acting on the magnetic field component where the magnetic pole is located through a lifting component, thereby realizing the adaptive adjustment of the Lorentz force, and finally eliminating the collapse defect of the weld bottom.

[0012] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0013] An electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device comprises a magnetic field component arranged on a welding tooling platform, wherein the magnetic pole of the magnetic field component is close to the weld of the welding parent material, and a Lorentz force is applied to the bottom of the weld pool to suppress the collapse of the weld. The welding parent material is horizontally placed, and the weld is longitudinally arranged. The horizontal plane perpendicular to the weld direction is the horizontal side, and the horizontal side close to the weld is the inner side.

[0014] The magnetic poles of the magnetic field assembly are arranged on the upper surface of the box body carrying the magnetic field assembly, and the blowing port of the air guide pipe is arranged in the gap between the magnetic poles; the blowing port is vertically aligned with the bottom of the weld, so that the air outlet of the blowing port is directed to both sides through the bottom of the weld metal molten pool to form lateral wind; the air guide pipe is connected to a high-pressure gas source;

[0015] The gap between the upper surface of the box body on both sides of the magnetic pole and the welding base material forms the wind channel for the lateral wind;

[0016] The bottom of the box supports the second spring;

[0017] Lifting assemblies are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the magnetic pole, and the lifting assemblies include a wind pressure transmission mechanism arranged horizontally and a mechanical transmission mechanism that drives the magnetic pole to lift vertically by the lateral movement of the wind pressure transmission mechanism; the wind pressure transmission mechanisms of the two lifting assemblies are in the same line in the lateral direction;

[0018] The wind pressure transmission mechanism includes a wind shield, which is arranged at the bottom of the wind duct and faces the magnetic pole. The outer side of the wind shield is connected to an upper wedge, the inclined surface of the upper wedge faces downward, and the inner side is higher than the outer side. The upper wedge is connected to a first spring pre-tensioned inwardly. The upper wedge and the lower wedge are fitted to each other through the inclined surface and can be slidably connected to each other.

[0019] One end of the mechanical transmission mechanism is connected to the lower wedge block, and the other end is connected to the box carrying the magnetic field assembly, so as to convert the vertical movement of the lower wedge block into the vertical movement of the magnetic pole assembly.

[0020] Preferably, the wind shield is arranged at the lower part of the air duct.

[0021] Preferably, the upper wedge block is connected to the windshield through an upper transmission bracket.

[0022] Preferably, in the mechanical transmission mechanism, the vertical connecting rod is arranged on the vertical guide rail, the upper end of the vertical connecting rod is connected to the bottom of the lower wedge block, the axle pin at the lower end is passed through the axial long hole at one end of the adjusting connecting rod, and the axle pin at the other end of the adjusting connecting rod is passed through the transverse long hole of the fixed angle piece, the fixed angle piece is fixedly installed on the box body, and the middle part of the adjusting connecting rod is hinged on the lower fixed bracket.

[0023] Furthermore, a plurality of adjustment through holes are provided in the middle of the adjustment connecting rod to change the relative positions of the lower fixed bracket and the adjustment bracket and adjust the lifting ratio of the magnetic field assembly.

[0024] Alternatively, in the mechanical transmission mechanism, the vertical connecting rod is arranged on the vertical guide rail, the upper end of the vertical connecting rod is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the lower wedge block, and a first rack is provided on the inner side of the vertical connecting rod. The first rack is meshed with the gear, and the other side of the gear is meshed with the second rack on the side of the box body.

[0025] Alternatively, in the mechanical transmission mechanism, the upper end of the first piston rod is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the lower wedge block, the lower end of the first piston rod is located in the first hydraulic cylinder, the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the second hydraulic cylinder through a hydraulic pipe, the lower end of the second piston rod is located in the second hydraulic cylinder, and the upper end of the second piston rod is fixedly connected to the fixing part on the side of the box body.

[0026] Preferably, the vertical guide rail is an upper fixed bracket with one end fixed to the box body, and the other end of the upper fixed bracket has a guide hole for the vertical connecting rod to pass through, so that the vertical connecting rod can only move in the vertical direction.

[0027] Preferably, the angle between the wind shield and the horizontal plane is 60°, and a plurality of ventilation holes are provided on the wind shield.

[0028] Preferably, the lower end of the blowing port is an isosceles trapezoidal structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom to increase the air flow velocity; the magnetic pole has a convex shape near the blowing port to change the direction of the air flow.

[0029] Furthermore, in the magnetic pole assembly, the U-shaped iron core is arranged inside the box through a fixed platform, and the bottom and two lateral sides of the U-shaped iron core are sleeved with an excitation coil.

[0030] The mechanism of the present invention is as follows: during use, the airflow enters the air guide tube through the airflow interface and is ejected from the air outlet to the bottom of the metal molten pool of the weld. The wind ejected from the air outlet is directed to both sides through the bottom of the weld to form lateral wind. The change in the shape of the bottom of the metal molten pool causes the lateral wind direction to change, thereby increasing or decreasing the wind pressure on the wind shield in the lifting assembly. The present invention reflects the wind pressure on the lifting of the magnetic pole, adjusts the distance between the magnetic pole and the weld, and thereby adjusts the magnitude of the Lorentz force of the magnetic pole on the weld molten pool.

[0031] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0032] When the bottom of the weld is flat (before welding begins), adjust the elastic force of the first spring connected to the outer side of the windshield to balance the wind pressure of the windshield with the tension of the first spring, and the lifting assembly reaches a balanced position. After calibrating the lifting assembly, the present invention is put into use.

[0033] When in use, when the magnetic pole is too far away from the weld, the Lorentz force it provides is insufficient to overcome the fall of the weld molten pool metal, causing the bottom of the weld to sag and bulge downward, directing the lateral wind to the upper edge of the air duct, that is, the wind is lifted upward and away from the wind shield, so the wind pressure on the wind shield is reduced, breaking the balance between the wind pressure on the wind shield and the tension of the first spring. The first spring pulls the upper wedge and the wind shield inward, and in this process the lower wedge is pressed downward, driving the mechanical transmission mechanism to lift the box, so that the magnetic pole is close to the weld, increasing the Lorentz force of the magnetic pole on the weld molten pool, and correcting the bulge of the weld molten pool.

[0034] When the magnetic pole is too close to the weld, the Lorentz force acting on the weld pool is too large, causing the weld pool to convex and the bottom of the weld pool to concave, directing the lateral wind to the lower edge of the wind duct, increasing the wind pressure on the wind shield, breaking the balance between the wind pressure on the wind shield and the tension of the first spring. The wind shield pushes the upper wedge and the wind shield outward, and during this process the lower wedge is lifted, driving the mechanical transmission mechanism to press the box down, so that the magnetic pole is away from the weld, reducing the Lorentz force of the magnetic pole on the weld pool, and correcting the concave weld pool.

[0035] The lifting assembly of the present invention swings between the positions where the Lorentz force is too large and too small for many times, and finally automatically reaches a balanced position, at which time the bottom of the weld does not sag or bulge.

[0036] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0037] 1. It can automatically adjust the size of the Lorentz force acting on the weld pool to achieve a smooth weld and avoid weld sagging.

[0038] 2. The present invention is light and flexible, the adjustment system is simple to operate, and can achieve high-precision weld seam control, which can meet the actual needs of industrial production and has broad application prospects.

[0039] 3. During the welding process, the device of the present invention performs adaptive adjustment in a purely mechanical manner, automatically raising and lowering the height of the magnetic field assembly to eliminate the collapse defect at the bottom of the weld, thereby ensuring accuracy and having high reliability.

[0040] 4. The lifting ratio of the magnetic field assembly in the present invention is adjustable, which is applicable to a variety of materials and a larger process range, and can greatly reduce the previous debugging work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram from another perspective of the arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device provided by the present invention.

[0043] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting component of the arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 4a It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mechanical power transmission mechanism of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 4b It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mechanical power transmission mechanism of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4c It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mechanical power transmission mechanism of Example 3 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5a , Figure 5b and Figure 5c They are respectively working principle diagrams of the lifting assembly of the present invention feeding back airflow in different directions through different weld morphologies (i.e., the weld bottom is flat, the weld is convex downward, and the weld is concave upward).

[0048] Figure 6a , Figure 6b , Figure 6c and Figure 6d They are respectively flow charts of the adaptive control of the distance between the magnetic pole and the welding base material in different welding conditions (i.e., before welding, concave weld, convex weld, and good weld) of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the magnetic pole of the magnetic field assembly of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of local details of the wind shield of the lifting assembly of the present invention.

[0051] Fig. 9 It is the weld cross section corresponding to the single-sided welding and double-sided forming of the 6061 aluminum alloy constructed by the present invention without the assistance of electromagnetic field for high-power laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0052] Fig.10 It is a weld cross section corresponding to single-sided welding and double-sided forming of 6061 aluminum alloy constructed by the present invention using electromagnetic field-assisted high-power laser-arc hybrid welding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be pointed out that the embodiments described below are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention but do not have a limiting effect on the present invention.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4a , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device of the present invention comprises a magnetic field component 5 arranged on a welding tooling platform 8, the magnetic pole 53 of the magnetic field component 5 is close to the weld of the welding parent material 3, and the Lorentz force is applied to the bottom of the weld pool to suppress the collapse of the weld. The welding parent material 3 is horizontally placed, and the weld is arranged longitudinally. The horizontal plane perpendicular to the weld direction is the horizontal side, and the horizontal side close to the weld is the inner side.

[0056] The magnetic poles 53 of the magnetic field assembly 5 are arranged on the upper surface of the box 4 carrying the magnetic field assembly 5, and the gaps between the magnetic poles 53 are provided with the blowing ports 617 of the air guide pipe 616; the blowing ports 616 are vertically aligned with the bottom of the weld, so that the air outlets of the blowing ports 617 are directed to both sides through the bottom of the weld metal molten pool to form lateral wind; the air guide pipe 616 is connected to a high-pressure gas source;

[0057] The gap between the upper surface of the box body 4 and the welding base material 3 on both sides of the magnetic pole 53 forms the wind channel of the lateral wind;

[0058] The bottom of the box 4 supports the second spring 627a;

[0059] The lifting components 6 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the magnetic pole 53, and the lifting components 6 include a wind pressure transmission mechanism 61 arranged horizontally and a mechanical transmission mechanism 62 that drives the magnetic pole component 5 to lift vertically by the lateral movement of the wind pressure transmission mechanism 61; the wind pressure transmission mechanisms 61 of the two lifting components 6 are in the same line in the lateral direction;

[0060] The wind pressure transmission mechanism 61 includes a windshield 611, which is arranged in the wind duct and the inner side of the windshield 611 is arranged facing the magnetic pole, and the outer side of the windshield 611 is connected to an upper wedge block 612, the inclined surface of the upper wedge block 612 faces downward, and the inner side is higher than the outer side; the upper wedge block 612 is connected to a first spring 613 pre-tensioned inwardly; the upper wedge block 612 and the lower wedge block 614 are fitted to each other through the inclined surface, the angle between the inclined surface and the horizontal direction is 30°, and they are slidably connected to each other;

[0061] One end of the mechanical transmission mechanism 62 is connected to the lower wedge block 614 , and the other end is connected to the box 4 carrying the magnetic field assembly 5 , so as to convert the vertical movement of the lower wedge block 614 into the vertical movement of the magnetic pole assembly 5 .

[0062] In this embodiment, the wind shield 611 is arranged at the lower part of the air duct.

[0063] In this embodiment, in the mechanical transmission mechanism 62, the vertical connecting rod 621a is arranged on the vertical guide rail 622, the upper end of the vertical connecting rod 621a is connected to the bottom of the lower wedge block 614, the axle pin at the lower end is passed through the axial long hole at one end of the adjusting connecting rod 623a, and the axle pin at the other end of the adjusting connecting rod 623a is passed through the transverse long hole of the fixed angle piece 624a. The fixed angle piece 624a is fixedly installed on the box body 4, and the middle part of the adjusting connecting rod 623a is hinged on the lower fixed bracket 625a.

[0064] In this embodiment, a plurality of adjustment through holes 626a are provided in the middle of the adjustment connecting rod 623a to change the relative positions of the lower fixed bracket 625a and the adjustment bracket 623a and adjust the lifting ratio of the magnetic field assembly 5.

[0065] Specifically, in this embodiment, the length of the force arms at both ends is changed by adjusting the fulcrum position of the adjusting bracket 623a and the lower fixed bracket 625a: when the fulcrum position is close to the lower transmission bracket 625a, the lifting range is large, and when the fulcrum position is close to the fixed angle piece 624a, the lifting range is small. This measure can change the lifting ratio of the magnetic field assembly 5 during the welding process, and can accurately control the collapse of the weld bottom according to different welding materials and different welding process parameters.

[0066] In this embodiment, the vertical guide rail 622 is an upper fixed bracket with one end fixed to the box body 4, and the other end of the upper fixed bracket has a guide hole for the vertical connecting rod 621a to pass through, which limits the vertical connecting rod 621a to move only in the vertical direction.

[0067] In this embodiment, the width of the windshield 611 is the same as the width of the magnetic pole 53, which is 36 mm, the thickness is 1 mm, and the vertical height is 2 mm. Through simulation calculation, the airflow pressure on the windshield 611 is the largest when the angle between the windshield 611 and the horizontal plane is 60°; in order to increase the pressure difference between the two ends of the windshield 611 when it needs to move, 3×8 uniformly arranged ventilation holes are designed on the inclined surface of the windshield 611 at 60° to the horizontal plane. Simulation found that the ventilation holes with smaller apertures can form a lower pressure area behind them under the condition of high gas flow rate, so as to increase the wind pressure on the windshield 611, wherein the diameter of the ventilation holes is 1 mm, and the spacing between the centers of each ventilation hole is 8 mm.

[0068] In this embodiment, the lower end of the blowing port 617 is an isosceles trapezoidal structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom to increase the air flow velocity; the magnetic pole 53 has a convex shape near the blowing port to change the air flow direction.

[0069] Specifically, ceramic windshield plates 615 are added to the front and rear sides of the air outlet 617, which can effectively increase the flow rate of the ejected air flow, thereby increasing its pressure on the upper windshield plate. The bottom shape of the air outlet 617 is the same as the air outlet of the air guide tube 616, which is a circle with a diameter of 24 mm. The magnetic pole 53 is located at the two ports of the U-shaped iron core 51, and the maximum protrusion height of the protrusion shape of the magnetic pole 53 is 3 mm, the arc radius of the protrusion end is 2 mm, and the angle between the inclined part and the horizontal direction is 30°. This structural setting can increase the flow rate of the protective gas blown to the windshield plate 611, and can also effectively increase the Lorentz force on the bottom of the molten pool.

[0070] More specifically, the diameter of the air duct 616 is 28 mm, and the air outlet is bonded to the ceramic wind shield 615 and the magnetic pole to reduce the leakage of the protective gas flow in other directions. To avoid oxidation of the air, the air flow input into the air duct 616 is argon gas, and the gas flow rate is 50 L / min. The argon gas can protect the back weld. At the same time, the upward air flow will also provide an upward support force for the bottom of the molten pool during the welding process, thereby inhibiting the formation of weld collapse defects.

[0071] In this embodiment, in the magnetic pole assembly 5, the U-shaped iron core 51 is arranged inside the box body 4 through the fixed platform 52, and the bottom and two lateral sides of the U-shaped iron core 51 are sleeved with an excitation coil 54. The box body 4 is provided with an excitation power interface 41 and an air pipe interface 42, wherein the excitation power interface 41 is electrically connected to the excitation coil 54, and the air pipe interface 42 is connected to the air guide pipe 616.

[0072] In this embodiment, the distance between the magnetic pole 53 of the U-shaped core 51 and the lower surface of the welding base material 3 before adjustment is 4 mm, and the adjustable range is 4 mm to 10 mm.

[0073] In this embodiment, the first spring 613 is used to buffer the thrust of the wind pressure transmission mechanism 61 on the upper wedge 612 during operation. The upper wedge 612 will move horizontally outward due to the thrust of the wind pressure transmission mechanism 61, but when the thrust is reduced, it can move inward by relying on the tension generated by the deformation of the first spring 613. The second spring 627a is used to support the gravity of the magnetic field assembly 5 and the box body 4. The downward gravity of the box body 4 during operation is affected by the force of the lifting assembly 6. The stiffness of the second spring 627a is precisely designed to achieve accurate matching of the force of the lifting assembly 6 and the height of the magnetic field assembly 5. The lifting distance of the magnetic field assembly 5 is related to the deformation coefficient of the second spring 627a, and the upward pulling force provided by the fixed angle piece can be accurately converted into the displacement of the magnetic field assembly in the vertical direction.

[0074] Specifically, the first spring 613 and the second spring 627a are different cylindrical helical springs. The first spring 613 has a smaller stiffness, a preload force of 0 N, a free length of 60 mm, a load range of 0 N to 5 N, an outer diameter of 10 mm, and a stiffness of 0.1 N / mm. The magnetic field assembly 5 and the box 4 weigh about 5 kg. Considering the external force brought by the magnetic field assembly 5 when rising and falling, the preload force of each second spring 627a is designed to be 12.5 N, the free length is 40 mm, the load range is 12.5 N to 18N, and the outer diameter is 20 mm. Considering different application requirements, the stiffness range can be selected from 0.8-1.2 N / mm.

[0075] In this embodiment, the welding tooling platform 8 includes four vertical support brackets 83, and the support brackets 83 are divided into two groups. The support brackets 83 in each group are connected to each other through two upper and lower transverse connecting rods 81. A transmission roller 84 is provided in the middle of the connecting rod 81, and a gap is left between the upper and lower adjacent transmission rollers 84 to allow the external welding base material 3 to pass. A transmission motor 82 is provided on the support bracket 83, and the transmission motor 82 is connected to the connecting rod 81 and can drive the transmission roller 84 to longitudinally transport the welding base material 3. The external welding gun 1 and the laser head 2 are aligned with the weld of the welding base material 3. In this embodiment, the lifting assembly 6 and the brackets and connectors of the welding tooling platform 8 are made of aluminum alloy material, the ceramic windshield is made of high-temperature resistant ceramic sheets, the magnetic poles are made of iron-based amorphous alloy materials, and the box is made of POM material. In this embodiment, the end face of the U-shaped core 51 is 36 mm×36 mm, symmetrical along the pole gap, with an overall width of 258 mm, a height of 218 mm, a radius of 56 mm at the outer bending point, a horizontal spacing of 10 mm between the poles at both ends, and the center of the pole is directly opposite to the weld position, which can generate a concentrated strong alternating magnetic field at the lower end of the weld.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] refer to Figure 4b In this embodiment, in the mechanical transmission mechanism, the vertical connecting rod 621a is arranged on the vertical guide rail 622, the upper end of the vertical connecting rod 621a is fixedly installed on the bottom of the lower wedge block 614, and the inner side of the vertical connecting rod 621a is provided with a first rack 622b, the first rack 622b is meshed with the gear 623b, the gear 623b is meshed with the second rack 625b on the side of the box body 4, and the center of the gear 623b is hinged to the lower fixed bracket 624b.

[0078] The remaining implementations are the same as those in Example 1.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] refer to Figure 4c In this embodiment, in the mechanical transmission mechanism, the first piston rod 621c is arranged in the first hydraulic cylinder 622c, the upper end of the first piston rod 621c is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the lower wedge block 614, the first hydraulic cylinder 622c is connected to the second hydraulic cylinder 625c through a hydraulic pipe 624c, the second piston rod 626c is arranged in the second hydraulic cylinder 625c and the upper end of the second piston rod 626c is fixedly connected to the fixing member on the side of the box. The first and second hydraulic cylinders transmit pressure through the hydraulic pipe.

[0081] The remaining implementations are the same as those in Example 1.

[0082] The steps of using the adjusting device of the present invention to eliminate the weld bottom collapse defect are as follows:

[0083] S1. Before welding begins, an external worker places the welding base material 3 on the welding tooling platform 8, connects the excitation power supply interface 41, modulates the AC frequency to a preset frequency, and checks the integrity of the circuit. Figure 6a As shown, the bottom of the weld is in a flat state at this time;

[0084] S2, adjusting the relative position of the lower fixed bracket 610 and the adjusting bracket 69, so as to adjust the lifting ratio of the magnetic field assembly;

[0085] S3, air is introduced into the air guide pipe 7, and the air is blown toward the weld of the welding base material through the air blowing port. After the air flow above the magnetic pole 53 is normal, the transmission motor 82 is turned on, and the transmission roller 84 longitudinally transports the welding base material 3, and the welding gun 1 and the laser head 2 start composite welding;

[0086] S4. The electromagnetic field generates a Lorentz force on the molten metal at the weld due to the longitudinal movement of the welding base material 3, such as Figure 6bAs shown in the figure, at this time, the Lorentz force is greater than the gravity of the molten pool, causing the bottom of the weld molten pool to be concave. At this time, the airflow ejected from the air outlet is directed to the lower edge of the air duct, and the wind pressure on the wind shield increases, breaking the relationship between the wind pressure F on the wind shield and the first spring tension. The balance of The windshield pushes the upper wedge and the windshield outwards. During this process, the lower wedge is lifted up, driving the mechanical transmission mechanism to press the box down, so that the magnetic pole is away from the weld, the Lorentz force of the magnetic pole on the weld pool is reduced, and the concave of the weld pool is corrected;

[0087] S5, when the magnetic pole 53 is away from the weld, the magnetic field strength at the weld will also weaken, and the Lorentz force on the molten metal will also decrease accordingly. Figure 6c As shown in the figure, when the magnetic pole is too far away from the weld, the Lorentz force it provides is not enough to overcome the fall of the weld molten pool metal, causing the bottom of the weld to sag, that is, the bottom of the weld to bulge. At this time, the airflow ejected from the air outlet is directed to the upper edge of the air duct, that is, the wind is lifted up and away from the wind shield, so the wind pressure on the wind shield is reduced, breaking the wind pressure F on the wind shield and the first spring tension The balance of The first spring pulls the upper wedge and the windshield inwards. During this process, the lower wedge is pressed downward, driving the mechanical transmission mechanism to lift the box upward, so that the magnetic pole is close to the weld. The Lorentz force of the magnetic pole on the weld pool increases, and the convexity of the weld pool is corrected.

[0088] S6, step S4 and step S5 are repeated repeatedly, and after multiple cycles, the lifting assembly swings multiple times between the position where the Lorentz force is too large and too small, and finally automatically reaches the equilibrium position. .like Figure 6d As shown, at this time, the bottom of the weld is neither sagging nor convex, and the morphology of the weld reaches the expected shape.

[0089] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0090] like Figure 5a As shown, when the bottom of the weld is flat (before welding begins), the elastic force of the first spring connected to the outer side of the wind shield is adjusted so that the wind pressure of the wind shield and the tension of the first spring are balanced, and the lifting assembly reaches a balanced position. After the lifting assembly is calibrated, the present invention is put into use.

[0091] When using, Figure 5bAs shown, when the magnetic pole is too far away from the weld, the Lorentz force it provides is insufficient to overcome the fall of the weld molten pool metal, causing the weld bottom to sag and bulge downward, directing the lateral wind to the upper edge of the wind duct, that is, the wind is lifted upward and away from the wind shield, so the wind pressure on the wind shield is reduced, breaking the balance between the wind pressure on the wind shield and the tension of the first spring. The first spring pulls the upper wedge and the wind shield inward, and in this process the lower wedge is pressed downward, driving the mechanical transmission mechanism to lift the box, so that the magnetic pole is close to the weld, increasing the Lorentz force of the magnetic pole on the weld molten pool, and correcting the bulge of the weld molten pool.

[0092] like Figure 5c As shown in the figure, when the magnetic pole is too close to the weld, the Lorentz force acting on the weld pool is too large, causing the weld pool to convex and the bottom of the weld pool to concave, directing the lateral wind to the lower edge of the wind duct, increasing the wind pressure on the wind shield, breaking the balance between the wind pressure on the wind shield and the tension of the first spring. The wind shield pushes the upper wedge and the wind shield outward, and during this process the lower wedge is lifted, driving the mechanical transmission mechanism to press the box down, so that the magnetic pole is away from the weld, reducing the Lorentz force of the magnetic pole on the weld pool, and correcting the concave weld pool.

[0093] The lifting assembly of the present invention swings between the positions where the Lorentz force is too large and too small for many times, and finally automatically reaches a balanced position, at which time the bottom of the weld does not sag or bulge.

[0094] refer to Fig. 9 and Fig.10 When no electromagnetic field is added to regulate weld defects, the weld pool often produces collapse defects due to excessive heat input. When an electromagnetic field is added below to assist welding, the change in weld morphology is very sensitive to the intensity of the alternating magnetic field. When the magnetic field intensity is too small, the change in weld collapse height is small. When the magnetic field intensity is too large, the weld is prone to bulge upward. Therefore, it is very necessary to adjust the upward Lorentz force generated by the electromagnetic field in an adaptive way.

[0095] The embodiments described above provide a detailed description of the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, supplements and equivalent substitutions made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device, comprising a magnetic field component arranged on a welding tooling platform, the magnetic pole of the magnetic field component is close to the weld of the welding parent material, and the Lorentz force is applied to the bottom of the weld pool to suppress the collapse of the weld. The welding parent material is horizontally placed, the weld is longitudinally arranged, the horizontal plane is perpendicular to the weld direction is the horizontal side, and the horizontal side close to the weld is the inner side, characterized in that: The magnetic poles of the magnetic field assembly are arranged on the upper surface of the box body carrying the magnetic field assembly, and the gap between the magnetic poles is provided with the blowing port of the air guide pipe; the blowing port is vertically aligned with the bottom of the weld, so that the air outlet of the blowing port is directed to both sides through the bottom of the weld metal molten pool to form lateral wind; the air guide pipe is connected to the high-pressure gas source; The gap between the upper surface of the box body on both sides of the magnetic pole and the welding base material forms the wind channel for the lateral wind; The bottom of the box supports the second spring; Lifting assemblies are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the magnetic pole, and the lifting assemblies include a wind pressure transmission mechanism arranged horizontally and a mechanical transmission mechanism that drives the magnetic pole to lift vertically by the lateral movement of the wind pressure transmission mechanism; the wind pressure transmission mechanisms of the two lifting assemblies are in the same line in the lateral direction; The wind pressure transmission mechanism includes a wind shield, which is arranged at the bottom of the wind duct and faces the magnetic pole. The outer side of the wind shield is connected to an upper wedge, the inclined surface of the upper wedge faces downward, and the inner side is higher than the outer side. The upper wedge is connected to a first spring pre-tensioned inwardly. The upper wedge and the lower wedge are fitted to each other through the inclined surface and can be slidably connected to each other. One end of the mechanical transmission mechanism is connected to the lower wedge block, and the other end is connected to the box carrying the magnetic field assembly, so as to convert the vertical movement of the lower wedge block into the vertical movement of the magnetic pole assembly.

2. The electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind shield is arranged at the lower part of the air duct.

3. The electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the mechanical transmission mechanism, a vertical connecting rod is arranged on a vertical guide rail, the upper end of the vertical connecting rod is connected to the bottom of the lower wedge block, the axle pin at the lower end is passed through an axial long hole at one end of the adjusting connecting rod, and the axle pin at the other end of the adjusting connecting rod is passed through a transverse long hole of a fixed angle piece, the fixed angle piece is fixedly mounted on the box body, and the middle part of the adjusting connecting rod is hinged on the lower fixed bracket.

4. The electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of adjustment through holes are provided in the middle of the adjustment connecting rod to change the relative positions of the lower fixed bracket and the adjustment bracket and adjust the lifting ratio of the magnetic field assembly.

5. The electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the mechanical transmission mechanism, the vertical connecting rod is arranged on the vertical guide rail, the upper end of the vertical connecting rod is fixedly installed on the bottom of the lower wedge block, and a first rack is arranged on the inner side of the vertical connecting rod. The first rack is meshed with the gear, and the gear is meshed with the second rack on the side of the box body.

6. The electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the mechanical transmission mechanism, the upper end of the first piston rod is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the lower wedge block, the lower end of the first piston rod is located in the first hydraulic cylinder, the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the second hydraulic cylinder through a hydraulic pipe, the lower end of the second piston rod is located in the second hydraulic cylinder, and the upper end of the second piston rod is fixedly connected to the fixing part on the side of the box body.

7. The electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device according to claim 3, 5 or 6, characterized in that: The vertical guide rail is an upper fixed bracket fixed on the box body at one end, and the other end of the upper fixed bracket is provided with a guide hole for the vertical connecting rod to pass through, so that the vertical connecting rod can only move in the vertical direction.

8. The electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the wind shield and the horizontal plane is 60°, and a plurality of ventilation holes are provided on the wind shield.

9. The electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the blowing port is an isosceles trapezoidal structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom to increase the air flow velocity; the magnetic pole has a convex shape near the blowing port to change the air flow direction.

10. The electromagnetic field assisted laser-arc hybrid welding collapse defect adaptive control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the magnetic pole assembly, a U-shaped iron core is arranged inside the box body through a fixed platform, and an excitation coil is sleeved on the bottom and two lateral sides of the U-shaped iron core.

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