Drive axle and forklift

Abstract

The invention discloses a drive axle and a forklift. The drive axle comprises a half shaft, a hub reduction gear, a hub assembly and a service brake assembly. The half shaft comprises a first end and a second end; the power input end of the hub reduction gear is in driving connection with the first end of the half shaft; the hub assembly is in driving connection with the power output end of the hub reduction gear; the service brake assembly is connected with the power input end of the hub reduction gear and can brake the hub reduction gear so as to brake the hub assembly. According to the invention, the hub assembly is braked by braking the hub reduction gear, so that the braking of the forklift in the running process is realized, the half shaft is not braked any more, the situation that the forklift loses braking force when the half shaft is broken is avoided, and the safety of the forklift is obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to the technical field of forklifts, and more particularly to a drive axle and a forklift. Background Art

[0002] The drive axle of an electric forklift in the prior art includes a differential and two half shafts, the two half shafts are distributed on both sides of the differential, and the two half shafts are respectively connected to the wheel hubs to transmit driving force to the wheels. The drive axle is also provided with a service brake for braking, which is usually provided at the shaft end of the differential and can brake the half shafts to achieve braking during driving.

[0003] However, when the forklift is climbing a slope or working under high load conditions, if the half-axle breaks, the entire vehicle will lose braking force, posing a safety hazard.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a drive axle and a forklift to at least partially solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] A series of simplified concepts are introduced in the Summary of the Invention, which will be further described in detail in the Detailed Description of the Invention. The Summary of the Invention does not mean to attempt to define the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor does it mean to attempt to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0006] To at least partially solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a drive axle, comprising:

[0007] a half shaft, the half shaft comprising a first end and a second end;

[0008] A wheel-side reducer, wherein a power input end of the wheel-side reducer is drivingly connected to the first end of the half shaft;

[0009] A wheel hub assembly, the wheel hub assembly being drivingly connected to a power output end of the wheel reducer;

[0010] A service brake assembly is connected to the power input end of the wheel-side reducer, and the service brake assembly can brake the wheel-side reducer to brake the wheel hub assembly.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes:

[0012] A differential is provided, and the second end of the half shaft is drivingly connected to the differential.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes:

[0014] a motor, including an output shaft;

[0015] A main reducer, wherein a power input end of the main reducer is drivingly connected to the output shaft, and a power output end of the main reducer is drivingly connected to the differential.

[0016] Optionally, it also includes:

[0017] Parking brake assembly;

[0018] The main reducer comprises:

[0019] A primary gear shaft, a first end of which is connected to the parking brake assembly, and a second end of which is drivingly connected to an output shaft of the motor;

[0020] The parking brake assembly can brake the primary gear shaft, and brake the wheel hub assembly in sequence through the main reducer, the differential, the half shaft, and the wheel-side reducer.

[0021] Optionally, the main reducer further includes:

[0022] A secondary gear shaft, the axial direction of the secondary gear shaft is parallel to the axial direction of the primary gear shaft and the axial direction of the half shaft;

[0023] A primary driven gear, the primary driven gear is arranged on the secondary gear shaft and is fixedly connected to the secondary gear shaft, the outer circle of the primary gear shaft is provided with transmission teeth, and the primary driven gear meshes with the primary gear shaft for transmission;

[0024] A secondary driven gear is arranged on the differential and fixedly connected to the differential. The outer circle of the secondary gear shaft is provided with transmission teeth. The secondary driven gear meshes with the secondary gear shaft for transmission.

[0025] Optionally, it also includes:

[0026] a first housing, wherein the motor is disposed in the first housing;

[0027] A second housing is detachably and fixedly connected to the first housing, and the main reducer and the differential are arranged inside a working chamber formed by the second housing and the first housing.

[0028] Optionally, the parking brake assembly comprises:

[0029] a parking brake housing, wherein the parking brake housing is fixedly connected to the second housing;

[0030] A spline sleeve, the spline sleeve is arranged at the end of the primary gear shaft and is fixedly connected to the primary gear shaft;

[0031] A friction plate, wherein the friction plate is arranged on the spline sleeve;

[0032] A steel sheet, the steel sheet is arranged inside the parking brake housing and is spaced apart from the friction sheet;

[0033] A piston, wherein the piston is disposed inside the parking brake housing,

[0034] A pressure plate, which is disposed between the piston and the steel sheet, is fixedly connected to the piston, and is in contact with the steel sheet;

[0035] A spring, wherein the spring is arranged inside the parking brake housing, the spring pushes the piston to move toward the friction plate, the piston pushes the pressure plate, and the pressure plate pushes the steel plate to contact the friction plate to brake the primary gear shaft;

[0036] Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the piston moves away from the friction plate and compresses the spring, and the piston drives the pressure plate away from the friction plate. In a pressure-free state, the steel plate moves away from the friction plate to cancel the braking of the primary gear shaft.

[0037] Optionally, the spring is a cylindrical spring or a butterfly spring.

[0038] Optionally, the parking brake assembly further includes:

[0039] A return spring is arranged between the two steel sheets, and in a pressure-free state, the return spring can drive the steel sheet away from the friction sheet.

[0040] Optionally, the wheel reducer comprises:

[0041] A wheel-side reducer housing, wherein a first end of the wheel-side reducer housing is fixedly connected to the first housing or the second housing, and a second end of the wheel-side reducer housing is connected to a wheel hub assembly;

[0042] The service brake assembly is arranged inside a working chamber formed by the wheel reducer housing and the first housing or the second housing.

[0043] Optionally, the wheel reducer further includes:

[0044] a sun gear shaft, the sun gear shaft being drivingly connected to the first end of the half shaft;

[0045] A gear ring, which is arranged inside the wheel-side reducer housing and is relatively fixed to the wheel-side reducer housing in the circumferential direction;

[0046] A planet carrier, the planet carrier is arranged in the inner ring space of the ring gear, and the planet carrier is fixedly connected to the wheel hub assembly;

[0047] A planetary gear is arranged on the planet carrier, and the planetary gear can be meshed and driven with the sun gear shaft and the ring gear at the same time.

[0048] Optionally, the outer wall of the gear ring is provided with a keyway, and is circumferentially fixed relative to the wheel reducer housing by a flat key.

[0049] Optionally, the planet carrier comprises a drive shaft, and the drive shaft is provided with a first spline;

[0050] The wheel hub assembly comprises a wheel hub, the wheel hub is provided with an axial hole corresponding to the drive shaft, and the axial hole is provided with a second spline;

[0051] The drive shaft is inserted into the shaft hole, and the drive shaft is drivingly connected to the wheel hub assembly via the first spline and the second spline.

[0052] Optionally, the wheel hub assembly further includes:

[0053] A nut butt plate, wherein the nut butt plate is sleeved on the end of the drive shaft, and a sealing ring is provided between the nut butt plate and the wheel hub;

[0054] A nut is threadedly connected to the end of the drive shaft, and the nut is pressed against the wheel hub.

[0055] Optionally, the wheel hub assembly further includes:

[0056] An oil seal, the oil seal is arranged between the wheel hub and the wheel-side reducer housing, and is used to seal the gap between the wheel hub and the wheel-side reducer housing;

[0057] A bearing is arranged between the wheel hub and the wheel-side reducer housing, and / or the bearing is arranged between the drive shaft and the wheel-side reducer housing.

[0058] Optionally, the service brake assembly comprises:

[0059] A brake abutment plate, the brake abutment plate is arranged inside the wheel-side reducer housing and is fixedly connected to the wheel-side reducer housing;

[0060] a piston, wherein the piston is disposed in the second housing or the first housing;

[0061] A friction plate, wherein the friction plate is arranged on the sun gear shaft;

[0062] A steel sheet, the steel sheet is arranged on the brake plate and is spaced apart from the friction sheet;

[0063] Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the piston moves toward the friction plate, and the piston pushes the steel plate. The steel plate contacts the friction plate and can brake the sun gear shaft.

[0064] Optionally, a clamping groove is axially arranged on the brake abutment plate, and the steel sheet is clamped with the clamping groove and can move along the clamping groove.

[0065] Optionally, the service brake assembly further comprises:

[0066] A return spring is arranged between the two steel sheets and can drive the steel sheets away from the friction sheets in a pressure-free state.

[0067] Optionally, the service brake assembly further comprises:

[0068] A connecting pin is arranged in the slot and penetrates the steel sheet, and the return spring is sleeved on the connecting pin.

[0069] Optionally, the half shaft comprises:

[0070] a first half shaft, the first half shaft passing through the first housing and disposed on a first side of the differential, a second end of the first half shaft being drivingly connected to the differential;

[0071] A second half shaft, wherein the second half shaft passes through the second housing and is arranged on a second side of the differential, and a second end of the second half shaft is drivingly connected to the differential.

[0072] Optionally, the drive axle further comprises:

[0073] a third shell, the third shell being detachably fixedly connected to the first shell, the third shell being arranged on a first side of the first shell, and the second shell being arranged on a second side of the first shell;

[0074] The half shaft comprises:

[0075] a first half shaft, the first half shaft passing through the third housing and disposed on a first side of the differential, a second end of the first half shaft being drivingly connected to the differential;

[0076] A second half shaft, wherein the second half shaft passes through the second housing and is arranged on a second side of the differential, and a second end of the second half shaft is drivingly connected to the differential.

[0077] A second aspect of the present invention provides a forklift, comprising wheels, and also comprising a drive axle according to any one of the above technical solutions, wherein the wheels are connected to the drive axle.

[0078] According to a drive axle and forklift of the present invention, by connecting the service brake assembly to the power input end of the wheel-side reducer, the service brake assembly can brake the wheel-side reducer to brake the wheel hub assembly, thereby achieving braking during the driving of the forklift, and no longer braking on the half-axle, thereby avoiding the forklift from losing braking force when the half-axle breaks. After adopting the present invention, even if the half-axle breaks, it will not affect the service braking, which significantly improves the safety of the forklift. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0079] The following drawings of the embodiments of the present invention are used as part of the present invention for understanding the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention and their description are shown in the drawings to explain the principles of the present invention. In the drawings,

[0080] Figure 1 A perspective view of a drive axle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 2 A front view of a drive axle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a drive axle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 4 A sectional view of a parking brake according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 5 A three-dimensional diagram of a wheel reducer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a wheel reducer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 7 A front view of a planetary gear shifter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 8 A three-dimensional diagram of a gear ring according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0088] Fig. 9 A front view of a drive axle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] Fig.10 It is a cross-sectional view of a drive axle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] Description of reference numerals:

[0091] 1: Motor 2: Motor controller

[0092] 3: Oil filling port 4: First housing

[0093] 5: Vent port 6: Second shell

[0094] 7: Parking brake oil inlet 8: Service brake oil inlet

[0095] 9: Drive axle mounting plate 10: Wheel reducer housing

[0096] 11: Wheel hub assembly 12: Mast hanging point

[0097] 13: Primary gear shaft 14: Bolt

[0098] 15: Secondary gear shaft 16: Primary driven gear

[0099] 17: Parking brake assembly 18: Bearing

[0100] 19: Piston 20: Steel plate and friction plate assembly

[0101] 21: Brake plate 22: Sun gear shaft

[0102] 23: Bearing 24: Bolt

[0103] 25: Decorative cover 26: Nut against plate

[0104] 27: Nut 28: Hub

[0105] 29: Oil seal 30: Planet carrier

[0106] 31: Planetary gear 32: Ring gear

[0107] 33: Flat key 34: Bearing

[0108] 35: Planetary gear oil passage 36: Bearing

[0109] 37: Second half shaft 38: Secondary driven gear

[0110] 39: Differential 40: Bearing

[0111] 41: First half shaft 42: Connecting pin

[0112] 43: Steel plate 44: Friction plate

[0113] 45: slot 46: steel sheet

[0114] 47: Friction plate 48: Spline sleeve

[0115] 49: Pressure plate 50: Spring

[0116] 51: Parking brake housing 52: Piston

[0117] 53: Sealing ring 54: Return spring

[0118] 55: Bolt 56: Bolt

[0119] 57: Bearing 58: Circlip

[0120] 59: Bolt 60: Bolt

[0121] 61: Third housing 62: Positioning pin

[0122] 63: Keyway 67: Bolt

[0123] 68: Return spring 69: Drive shaft

[0124] 100: Wheel reducer 200: Service brake assembly

[0125] 300: Main reducer DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0126] In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, some technical features well known in the art are not described.

[0127] In order to fully understand the present invention, a detailed description will be provided in the following description. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present invention thorough and complete, and to fully convey the concepts of these exemplary embodiments to those of ordinary skill in the art. Obviously, the implementation of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the specific details familiar to those skilled in the art. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present invention may also have other embodiments.

[0128] Ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" cited in the present invention are merely identifications and do not have any other meanings, such as a specific order, etc. Moreover, for example, the term "first component" itself does not imply the existence of the "second component", and the term "second component" itself does not imply the existence of the "first component".

[0129] It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside" and similar expressions used in the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting.

[0130] The invention discloses a drive axle and a forklift.

[0131] Now, exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0132] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, a drive axle includes: a half-axle, a wheel-side reducer 100, a wheel hub assembly 11 and a service brake assembly 200.

[0133] The half shaft includes a first end and a second end;

[0134] The power input end of the wheel reducer 100 is drivingly connected to the first end of the half shaft, and the driving force is transmitted from the half shaft to the wheel reducer 100;

[0135] The wheel hub assembly 11 is drivingly connected to the power output end of the wheel side reducer 100. After deceleration, the driving force is transmitted from the wheel side reducer 100 to the wheel hub assembly 11, which can drive the wheel to rotate;

[0136] The service brake assembly 200 is connected to the power input end of the wheel-side reducer 100 , and the service brake assembly 200 can brake the wheel-side reducer 100 to brake the wheel hub assembly 11 .

[0137] The wheel hub assembly 11 is used to mount the wheel. When the wheel hub assembly 11 is braked, the wheel also stops rotating, thereby achieving braking during driving.

[0138] The driving axle in this embodiment connects the service brake assembly to the power input end of the wheel-side reducer. The service brake assembly can brake the wheel-side reducer to brake the wheel hub assembly, thereby achieving braking during the travel of the forklift, and no longer braking the half-axle, thereby avoiding the forklift from losing braking force when the half-axle breaks. After adopting the present invention, even if the half-axle breaks, it will not affect the service braking, which significantly improves the safety of the forklift.

[0139] The drive axle in this embodiment includes two half-axles, two sets of wheel-side reducers 100, two sets of service brake assemblies 200 and two sets of wheel hub assemblies 11, which are arranged on two sides. The connection method of the half-axles, wheel-side reducers 100, service brake assemblies 200 and wheel hub assemblies 11 on each side is the same, which is described in detail below.

[0140] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the drive axle also includes:

[0141] Differential 39, the second end of the half shaft is drivingly connected to the differential 39, a transmission gear is arranged inside the differential 39, and the second end of the half shaft can be spline-connected to the transmission gear. The specific structure and working principle of the differential 39 can refer to the prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0142] The two half shafts are the first half shaft 41 and the second half shaft 37, both of which are drivingly connected to the differential 39 at the second end. The first half shaft 41 and the second half shaft 37 have different lengths, and the differential 39 is not arranged in the center. This design is to reserve space for installing the main reducer 300 and the motor 1.

[0143] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the drive axle also includes:

[0144] Motor 1, including an output shaft;

[0145] The main reducer 300 has a power input end drivingly connected to the output shaft, and a power output end drivingly connected to the differential 39 .

[0146] The motor 1 can be a permanent magnet motor, including a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor is provided with magnetic steel. The output shaft is connected to the rotor, and the rotation of the rotor can drive the output shaft to rotate synchronously.

[0147] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the drive axle also includes:

[0148] Parking brake assembly 17;

[0149] The main reducer 300 includes:

[0150] A primary gear shaft 13, wherein a first end of the primary gear shaft 13 is connected to a parking brake assembly 17, and a second end of the primary gear shaft 13 is drivingly connected to an output shaft of the motor 1;

[0151] The parking brake assembly 17 can brake the primary gear shaft 13 and brake the wheel hub assembly 11 in sequence through the main reducer 300, the differential 39, the half shaft, and the wheel-side reducer 100.

[0152] The second end of the first-stage gear shaft 13 can be connected to the output shaft of the motor 1 through a spline drive. For example, the second end of the first-stage gear shaft 13 is provided with an internal spline, and the output shaft of the motor 1 is provided with an external spline.

[0153] The wheel hub assembly 11 is used to mount the wheel. When the wheel hub assembly 11 is braked, the wheel also stops rotating, thereby achieving braking during parking. The parking brake assembly 17 in this embodiment is an automatic brake that can be driven by hydraulic pressure. The specific structure and working principle will be described in detail below.

[0154] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the main reducer 300 also includes:

[0155] A secondary gear shaft 15, the axial direction of the secondary gear shaft 15 is parallel to the axial direction of the primary gear shaft 13 and the axial direction of the half shaft;

[0156] The primary driven gear 16 is disposed on the secondary gear shaft 15 and is fixedly connected to the secondary gear shaft 15. The outer circle of the primary gear shaft 13 is provided with transmission teeth. The primary driven gear 16 meshes with the primary gear shaft 13 for transmission.

[0157] The secondary driven gear 38 is arranged on the differential 39 and is fixedly connected to the differential 39 . The outer circle of the secondary gear shaft 15 is provided with transmission teeth. The secondary driven gear 38 is meshed with the secondary gear shaft 15 for transmission.

[0158] Two sets of bearings 57 are provided in the first shell 4 and the second shell 6 to support the rotation of the first-stage gear shaft 13, and the bearings 57 are supported close to the end of the first-stage gear shaft 13. Two sets of bearings 18 are provided in the first shell 4 and the second shell 6 to support the rotation of the second-stage gear shaft 15, and the bearings 18 are supported close to the end of the second-stage gear shaft 15. Bearing seats are correspondingly provided in the first shell 4 and the second shell 6 for installing and fixing the bearings 57 and 18.

[0159] The primary driven gear 16 and the secondary gear shaft 15 can be fixedly connected by splines, and the secondary driven gear 38 and the housing of the differential 39 are fixedly connected by bolts. Two sets of bearings 40 are provided in the first housing 4 and the second housing 6 to support the housing of the differential 39, so that the housing of the differential 39 can rotate relative to the first housing 4 and the second housing 6.

[0160] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the drive axle also includes:

[0161] A first housing 4, wherein the motor 1 is disposed in the first housing 4;

[0162] The second housing 6 is detachably fixedly connected to the first housing 4 , and the main reducer 300 and the differential 39 are arranged inside the working chamber formed by the second housing 6 and the first housing 4 .

[0163] The housing of the motor 1 can be detachably fixedly connected to the first housing 4 by bolts. The second housing 6 can be detachably fixedly connected to the first housing 4 by bolts 59.

[0164] The first housing 4 and the second housing 6 are detachably fixedly connected by bolts 14 , and the connection position is exactly at the position of the main reducer 300 , which is convenient for installing the main reducer 300 .

[0165] The first housing 4 or the second housing 6 is provided with an oil filling port 3, through which lubricating oil is input into the main reducer 300, and the bottom of the first housing 4 or the second housing 6 is also provided with an oil drain port. The first housing 4 or the second housing 6 is also provided with an air release port 5, which is used to release the gas in the housing, for example, when the lubricating oil is input for the first time, the gas in the housing needs to be released. Here, the oil filling port 3, the air release port 5 and the oil drain port at the bottom are all on the same plane, which is convenient for mold opening.

[0166] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the parking brake assembly 17 includes:

[0167] A parking brake housing 51, wherein the parking brake housing 51 is fixedly connected to the second housing 6;

[0168] A spline sleeve 48, which is disposed at the end of the primary gear shaft 13 and is fixedly connected to the primary gear shaft 13;

[0169] A friction plate 47, wherein the friction plate 47 is disposed on a spline sleeve 48;

[0170] The steel plate 46 is disposed inside the parking brake housing 51 and is spaced apart from the friction plate 47;

[0171] The piston 52 is disposed inside the parking brake housing 51.

[0172] The pressure plate 49 is disposed between the piston 52 and the steel sheet 46 . The pressure plate 49 is fixedly connected to the piston 52 and in contact with the steel sheet 46 .

[0173] Spring 50, spring 50 is arranged inside parking brake housing 51, spring 50 pushes piston 52 to move toward friction plate 47, piston 52 pushes pressure plate 49, pressure plate 49 pushes steel plate 46 to contact with friction plate 47 to brake primary gear shaft 13;

[0174] Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the piston 52 moves away from the friction plate 47 and compresses the spring 50. The piston 52 drives the pressure plate 49 away from the friction plate 47. In a pressure-free state, the steel plate 46 moves away from the friction plate 47 to cancel the braking of the first-stage gear shaft 13.

[0175] The parking brake assembly 17 is a normally closed brake. When no hydraulic control is applied, the parking brake assembly 17 is always in a braking state on the primary gear shaft 13. When the vehicle needs to drive, the parking brake assembly 17 is hydraulically controlled to release the braking state. The parking brake housing 51 is provided with a parking brake oil inlet 7 for inputting hydraulic oil. The parking brake oil inlet 7 is arranged at a vertically upward position of the drive axle to facilitate the arrangement and inspection of the pipeline.

[0176] The inner wall of the parking brake housing 51 may be provided with a spline mounted steel sheet 46, which is connected to the spline and can move along the spline, but is relatively fixed to the parking brake housing 51 in the circumferential direction. The inner wall of the parking brake housing 51 is also provided with a retaining ring 58 to limit the steel sheet 46, and the retaining ring 58 and the pressure plate 49 are respectively provided on both sides of the steel sheet 46.

[0177] The spline sleeve 48 is fixedly connected to the end of the primary gear shaft 13 by a bolt 56. The spline sleeve 48 and the end of the primary gear shaft 13 are also connected by a spline, and can rotate synchronously with the primary gear shaft 13. The outer circle of the spline sleeve 48 is provided with a spline, and the friction plate 47 is connected to the spline, and can also rotate synchronously with the primary gear shaft 13.

[0178] The pressure plate 49 is fixedly connected to the piston 52 by bolts 55. A sealing ring 53 is provided between the piston 52 and the inner wall of the parking brake housing 51 to ensure that the piston 52 can be effectively driven by hydraulic pressure.

[0179] In one embodiment, the spring 50 is a cylindrical spring or a butterfly spring, preferably a butterfly spring, which has a stronger elastic force.

[0180] In one embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, the parking brake assembly 17 also includes:

[0181] The return spring 54 is arranged between the two steel sheets 46. In a pressure-free state, the return spring 54 can drive the steel sheet 46 away from the friction sheet 47. The return spring 54 is a cylindrical spring and can be installed by a connecting pin, which is penetrated by the steel sheet 46.

[0182] During the parking brake operation, the spring 50 pushes the piston 52, and the spring force compresses the friction plate 47 and the steel plate 46 through the pressure plate 49. The braking force of the spring 50 pressing the friction plate 47 is transmitted to the first-stage gear shaft 13 through the spline sleeve 48, thereby braking the first-stage gear shaft 13. The first-stage gear shaft 13 brakes the wheels through the main reducer 300 and the wheel-side reducer 100. Since the braking force of the first-stage gear shaft 13 needs to be multiplied by the reduction ratio when being transmitted to the wheels, the braking force required by the first-stage gear shaft 13 is relatively small and can be provided by the spring. When the parking brake is released, the hydraulic oil of the accumulator enters the hydraulic chamber formed by the piston 52 and the parking plate through the parking brake oil inlet 7. The parking plate is fixed to the parking brake housing 51 by the plate mounting bolts. Therefore, after the hydraulic pressure comes in, it will push the piston 52 to move in the direction of the extrusion spring 50. At the same time, the pressure plate 49 also moves with the piston 52 to release the extrusion force between the friction plate 47 and the steel plate 46. After complete release, the return spring 54 located between the friction plate 47 and the steel plate 46 maintains a gap between the friction plate 47 and the steel plate 46 to prevent wear of the two and reduce noise.

[0183] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the wheel reducer 100 includes:

[0184] A wheel-side reducer housing 10, wherein a first end of the wheel-side reducer housing 10 is fixedly connected to the first housing 4 or the second housing 6, and a second end of the wheel-side reducer housing 10 is connected to the wheel hub assembly 11;

[0185] The service brake assembly 200 is arranged inside the working chamber formed by the wheel-side reducer housing 10 and the first housing 4 or the second housing 6 .

[0186] The first end of the wheel reducer housing 10 can be detachably fixedly connected to the first housing 4 or the second housing 6 by bolts.

[0187] In one embodiment, if Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the wheel reducer 100 also includes:

[0188] A sun gear shaft 22, the sun gear shaft 22 is drivingly connected to the first end of the half shaft;

[0189] The gear ring 32 is disposed inside the wheel-side reducer housing 10 and is relatively fixed to the wheel-side reducer housing 10 in the circumferential direction;

[0190] A planet carrier 30, which is disposed in the inner ring space of the ring gear 32 and is fixedly connected to the wheel hub assembly 11;

[0191] The planetary gear 31 is disposed on the planetary carrier 30 , and the planetary gear 31 can mesh with the sun gear shaft 22 and the ring gear 32 for transmission at the same time.

[0192] The sun gear shaft 22 can be connected to the first end of the half shaft by spline driving. The outer circle of the sun gear shaft 22 is provided with transmission teeth, which are meshed with the planetary gear 31 for transmission.

[0193] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, there are multiple, for example, three planetary gears 31, all of which are meshed with the sun gear shaft 22 and the ring gear 32 for transmission. A planetary gear shaft is provided on the planetary carrier 30 to mount the planetary gear 31. A planetary gear bearing can be provided on the planetary gear shaft to support the rotation of the planetary gear 31. The planetary gear bearing can be a needle bearing or a sliding bearing. A planetary gear oil passage 35 is provided on the planetary carrier 30 corresponding to the planetary gear 31. The lubricating oil inside the planetary gear 31 can enter through the planetary gear oil passage 35 to reduce the friction of the mechanism.

[0194] Because of the connection between the sun gear shaft 22, the planetary gears 31, and the planetary carrier 30, braking the sun gear shaft 22 will cause the planetary gears 31 and the planetary carrier 30 to be unable to rotate, and the hub assembly 11 will also be unable to rotate.

[0195] The wheel-side reducers 100 on both sides of the drive axle have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged, and will not be described again here.

[0196] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 , Figure 8 As shown, the outer wall of the ring gear 32 is provided with a keyway 63, and is fixed relative to the wheel reducer housing 10 in the circumferential direction via a flat key 33.

[0197] The keyway 63 and the flat key 33 can be provided in multiple groups, evenly distributed on the outer wall of the gear ring 32. The gear ring 32 can be fixed inside the wheel reducer housing 10 and retain a certain amount of floating volume, so that the design has better noise performance, low assembly cost and high reliability.

[0198] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown, the planet carrier 30 includes a drive shaft 69, and the drive shaft 69 is provided with a first spline;

[0199] The wheel hub assembly 11 includes a wheel hub 28, the wheel hub 28 is provided with an axial hole corresponding to the drive shaft 69, and the axial hole is provided with a second spline;

[0200] The drive shaft 69 is inserted into the shaft hole, and the drive shaft 69 is drivingly connected to the wheel hub assembly 11 through a first spline and a second spline.

[0201] A plurality of bolts 24 are provided on the wheel hub 28, and the bolts 24 are used to install the wheel.

[0202] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown, the wheel hub assembly 11 also includes:

[0203] The nut butt plate 26 is sleeved on the end of the drive shaft 69, and a sealing ring is provided between the nut butt plate 26 and the wheel hub 28;

[0204] The nut 27 is threadedly connected to the end of the drive shaft 69 to press the nut against the plate 26 onto the wheel hub 28 .

[0205] Nuts 27 can be provided in multiple numbers, for example, double nuts are used to prevent loosening, and a nut plate 26 is provided at the bottom of the nut 27 to increase the contact area of ​​the nut 27 and provide a greater pre-tightening force. In addition, a decorative cover 25 is provided to cover the nut 27 to improve the aesthetics of the vehicle. The external nut 27 has the characteristics of easy disassembly and assembly, large pre-tightening force, low cost and high reliability.

[0206] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown, the wheel hub assembly 11 also includes:

[0207] The oil seal 29 is disposed between the wheel hub 28 and the wheel reducer housing 10 and is used to seal the gap between the wheel hub 28 and the wheel reducer housing 10;

[0208] The bearing 23 is disposed between the wheel hub 28 and the wheel-side reducer housing 10 , and / or the bearing 23 is disposed between the drive shaft 69 and the wheel-side reducer housing 10 .

[0209] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown, the service brake assembly 200 includes:

[0210] A brake plate 21, which is disposed inside the wheel-side reducer housing 10 and is fixedly connected to the wheel-side reducer housing 10;

[0211] A piston 19, wherein the piston 19 is disposed in the second housing 6 or the first housing 4;

[0212] The friction plate 44 is disposed on the sun gear shaft 22; the sun gear shaft 22 is correspondingly provided with a spline mounted friction plate 44, and the friction plate 44 can be driven by the sun gear shaft 22 to rotate synchronously;

[0213] The steel sheet 43 is disposed on the brake plate 21 and is spaced apart from the friction sheet 44;

[0214] Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the piston 19 moves toward the friction plate 44, and the piston 19 pushes the steel plate 43. The steel plate 43 contacts the friction plate 44 and can brake the sun gear shaft 22. The second housing 6 and the first housing 4 are both provided with a service brake oil inlet 8 for inputting hydraulic oil.

[0215] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the brake plate 21 is fixedly connected to the wheel-side reducer housing 10 by bolts 67, and a plurality of connection holes are correspondingly arranged on the edge of the brake plate 21.

[0216] like Figure 6 As shown, a shaft hole is provided in the middle of the brake plate 21 for the sun gear shaft 22 to pass through, and a bearing 36 is provided in the shaft hole to support the rotation of the sun gear shaft 22. A bearing 34 is also provided between the end of the sun gear shaft 22 and the planet carrier 30 to support the rotation of the sun gear shaft 22, and the sun gear shaft 22 can be installed through the support of the bearings 34 and 36.

[0217] In one embodiment, if Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, a clamping groove 45 is provided in the axial direction of the brake abutment plate 21 , and the steel sheet 43 is clamped with the clamping groove 45 and can move along the clamping groove 45 but cannot rotate.

[0218] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown, the service brake assembly 200 further includes:

[0219] The return spring 68 is disposed between the two steel sheets 43 and can drive the steel sheets 43 away from the friction sheet 44 in a pressure-free state.

[0220] During the service brake operation, the brake fluid enters the service brake hydraulic chamber from the service brake oil inlet 8, pushing the piston 19 to compress the steel plate and the friction plate assembly 20. The inner spline of the friction plate 44 cooperates with the spline hub of the sun gear shaft 22. After being compressed, the sun gear shaft 22 will be provided with a braking force. The steel plates 43 are connected in series with the steel plate connecting pins and installed on the brake plate 21. The braking force has a braking effect on the wheel through the planetary gear reducer. After the brake is released, the hydraulic pressure of the brake hydraulic chamber is released, and the return spring 68 between the friction plate 44 and the steel plate 43 pushes the piston 19 to return. At the same time, the steel plate 43 and the friction plate 44 are no longer in contact, and the braking force is released. The outer edge of the steel plate 43 cooperates with the slot 45 of the brake plate 21, and the braking reaction force is transmitted to the brake plate 21 through the slot 45, and then the brake plate 21 transmits the braking reaction force to the wheel side reducer housing 10 through the bolt 67.

[0221] In one embodiment, if Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the service brake assembly also includes:

[0222] The connecting pin 42 is disposed in the slot 45 and penetrates the steel sheet 43 , and the return spring 68 is sleeved on the connecting pin 42 .

[0223] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the half shaft includes:

[0224] A first half shaft 41, the first half shaft 41 is passed through the first housing 4 and is arranged on a first side of the differential 39, and a second end of the first half shaft 41 is drivingly connected to the differential 39;

[0225] The second half shaft 37 passes through the second housing 6 and is disposed on a second side of the differential 39 . The second end of the second half shaft 37 is drivingly connected to the differential 39 .

[0226] Since the first housing 4 is relatively large in size and irregular in structure, the mold opening cost is relatively high, and there is a risk of tool vibration during the processing, such as Fig. 9 , Fig.10Shown is the exploded view of the bridge housing.

[0227] In one embodiment, if Fig. 9 , Fig.10 As shown, the drive axle also includes:

[0228] The third shell 61 is detachably fixedly connected to the first shell 4 . The third shell 61 is disposed on a first side of the first shell 4 , and the second shell 6 is disposed on a second side of the first shell 4 .

[0229] By disposing the first housing 4 as a separate body, the first housing 4 is connected to the third housing 61 by bolts 60. In order to ensure the connection accuracy, a positioning pin 62 is also installed on the bolt connection surface.

[0230] Correspondingly, the half shaft includes:

[0231] A first half shaft 41, the first half shaft 41 is passed through the third housing 61 and is disposed on a first side of the differential 39, and a second end of the first half shaft 41 is drivingly connected to the differential 39;

[0232] The second half shaft 37 passes through the second housing 6 and is disposed on a second side of the differential 39 . The second end of the second half shaft 37 is drivingly connected to the differential 39 .

[0233] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the drive axle also includes:

[0234] The motor controller 2 is used to control the operation of the motor 1. The motor controller 2 and the housing of the motor 1 can be detachably fixedly connected by bolts.

[0235] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the drive axle also includes:

[0236] The drive axle mounting plate 9 is arranged on the first housing 4 and the second housing 6, and can be used to connect the drive axle and the frame. The drive axle mounting plate 9 is composed of two sets of upper and lower connecting plates.

[0237] The service brake oil inlet 8 is arranged on the inner side of the drive axle mounting plate 9 to facilitate the installation of pipelines.

[0238] The mast hanging point 12 is provided on the first shell 4 and the second shell 6 and can be used for installing the forklift mast.

[0239] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a forklift, comprising wheels and a drive axle according to any one of the above embodiments, wherein the wheels are connected to the drive axle, and specifically may be connected to a wheel hub 28 .

[0240] The wheels can be front wheels or rear wheels.

[0241] A driving axle and a forklift of the present invention, by connecting the service brake assembly to the power input end of the wheel-side reducer, the service brake assembly can brake the wheel-side reducer to brake the wheel hub assembly, thereby achieving braking during the driving of the forklift, and no longer braking on the half-axle, thereby avoiding the forklift from losing braking force when the half-axle breaks. After adopting the present invention, even if the half-axle breaks, it will not affect the service braking, thereby significantly improving the safety of the forklift.

[0242] The drive axle of the present invention adopts three-stage reduction, the reduction ratio matching range of the drive axle is large, and the versatility of various materials of the drive axle is strong. Since the output of large-tonnage forklifts is small, as many different reduction ratios as possible can be matched with forklifts of different tonnages, and the development cost and maintenance cost of the drive axle are reduced.

[0243] The processes and steps described in all the above preferred embodiments are only examples. Unless adverse effects occur, various processing operations can be performed in a sequence different from the sequence of the above processes. The sequence of steps in the above processes can also be increased, merged or deleted according to actual needs.

[0244] In understanding the scope of the present invention, the term "comprise" and its derivatives as used herein are intended to be open terms, which specify the existence of recorded features, elements, components, groups, wholes and / or steps, but do not exclude the existence of other unrecorded features, elements, components, groups, wholes and / or steps. This concept also applies to words with similar meanings, such as the terms "include", "have" and their derivatives.

[0245] The terms "attached" or "attached" as used herein include: a configuration where an element is directly secured to another element by directly securing the element to the other element; a configuration where an element is indirectly secured to another element by securing the element to an intermediate member which in turn is secured to the other element; and a configuration where one element is integral with the other element, i.e., one element is substantially a part of the other element. This definition also applies to words with similar meanings such as "connect," "connect," "couple," "mount," "bond," "fix," and their derivatives. Finally, terms of degree such as "substantially," "approximately," and "approximately" as used herein represent the amount of deviation that modifies the term such that the end result will not be significantly changed.

[0246] Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used herein are only for describing specific implementation purposes and are not intended to limit the present invention. The features described herein in one embodiment may be applied to another embodiment individually or in combination with other features, unless the feature is not applicable or otherwise specified in the other embodiment.

[0247] The present invention has been described through the above-mentioned embodiments, but it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for the purpose of example and description, and are not intended to limit the present invention to the described embodiments. In addition, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and more variations and modifications can be made according to the teachings of the present invention, and these variations and modifications all fall within the scope of the protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A drive axle, characterized in that: include: a half shaft, the half shaft comprising a first end and a second end; A wheel-side reducer (100), wherein a power input end of the wheel-side reducer (100) is drivingly connected to the first end of the half shaft; A wheel hub assembly (11), the wheel hub assembly (11) being drivingly connected to a power output end of the wheel-side reducer (100); A service brake assembly (200), the service brake assembly (200) being connected to the power input end of the wheel-side reducer (100), and the service brake assembly (200) being capable of braking the wheel-side reducer (100) to brake the wheel hub assembly (11).

2. The drive axle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A differential (39), the second end of the half shaft being drivingly connected to the differential (39).

3. The drive axle according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A motor (1) comprising an output shaft; A main reducer (300), wherein a power input end of the main reducer (300) is drivingly connected to the output shaft, and a power output end of the main reducer (300) is drivingly connected to the differential (39).

4. The drive axle according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: Parking brake assembly (17); The main reducer (300) comprises: A primary gear shaft (13), wherein a first end of the primary gear shaft (13) is connected to the parking brake assembly (17), and a second end of the primary gear shaft (13) is drivingly connected to an output shaft of the motor (1); The parking brake assembly (17) is capable of braking the primary gear shaft (13), and sequentially braking the wheel hub assembly (11) through the main reducer (300), the differential (39), the half shaft, and the wheel-side reducer (100).

5. The drive axle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main reducer (300) further includes: A secondary gear shaft (15), wherein the axial direction of the secondary gear shaft (15) is parallel to the axial direction of the primary gear shaft (13) and the axial direction of the half shaft; a primary driven gear (16), the primary driven gear (16) being arranged on the secondary gear shaft (15) and being fixedly connected to the secondary gear shaft (15); the outer circle of the primary gear shaft (13) being provided with transmission teeth; the primary driven gear (16) being meshed with the primary gear shaft (13) for transmission; A secondary driven gear (38), the secondary driven gear (38) is arranged on the differential (39) and is fixedly connected to the differential (39), the outer circle of the secondary gear shaft (15) is provided with transmission teeth, and the secondary driven gear (38) is meshed with the secondary gear shaft (15) for transmission.

6. The drive axle according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: A first housing (4), wherein the motor (1) is arranged in the first housing (4); A second housing (6), wherein the second housing (6) is detachably fixedly connected to the first housing (4), and the main reducer (300) and the differential (39) are arranged inside a working chamber formed by the second housing (6) and the first housing (4).

7. The drive axle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The parking brake assembly (17) comprises: A parking brake housing (51), wherein the parking brake housing (51) is fixedly connected to the second housing (6); A spline sleeve (48), the spline sleeve (48) being arranged at an end of the primary gear shaft (13) and being fixedly connected to the primary gear shaft (13); A friction plate (47), wherein the friction plate (47) is arranged on the spline sleeve (48); A steel plate (46), wherein the steel plate (46) is arranged inside the parking brake housing (51) and is spaced apart from the friction plate (47); a piston (52), wherein the piston (52) is disposed inside the parking brake housing (51), A pressure plate (49), the pressure plate (49) being disposed between the piston (52) and the steel sheet (46), the pressure plate (49) being fixedly connected to the piston (52) and in contact with the steel sheet (46); A spring (50), wherein the spring (50) is arranged inside the parking brake housing (51), wherein the spring (50) pushes the piston (52) to move toward the friction plate (47), wherein the piston (52) pushes the pressure plate (49), and wherein the pressure plate (49) pushes the steel plate (46) to contact the friction plate (47) so as to brake the primary gear shaft (13); Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the piston (52) moves away from the friction plate (47) and the piston (52) compresses the spring (50), and the piston (52) drives the pressure plate (49) away from the friction plate (47). In a pressure-free state, the steel plate (46) moves away from the friction plate (47) to cancel the braking of the first-stage gear shaft (13).

8. The drive axle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spring (50) is a columnar spring or a butterfly spring.

9. The drive axle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The parking brake assembly (17) further comprises: A return spring (54) is arranged between the two steel sheets (46). In a pressure-free state, the return spring (54) can drive the steel sheet (46) away from the friction sheet (47).

10. The drive axle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wheel reducer (100) comprises: A wheel-side reducer housing (10), wherein a first end of the wheel-side reducer housing (10) is fixedly connected to the first housing (4) or the second housing (6), and a second end of the wheel-side reducer housing (10) is connected to a wheel hub assembly (11); The service brake assembly (200) is arranged inside a working chamber formed by the wheel-side reducer housing (10) and the first housing (4) or the second housing (6).

11. The drive axle according to claim 10, characterized in that: The wheel reducer (100) further comprises: A sun gear shaft (22), the sun gear shaft (22) being drivingly connected to the first end of the half shaft; A gear ring (32), the gear ring (32) being arranged inside the wheel-side reducer housing (10) and being relatively fixed to the wheel-side reducer housing (10) in the circumferential direction; A planet carrier (30), the planet carrier (30) being arranged in the inner ring space of the ring gear (32), and the planet carrier (30) being fixedly connected to the wheel hub assembly (11); A planetary gear (31), wherein the planetary gear (31) is arranged on the planetary carrier (30), and the planetary gear (31) can be meshed with the sun gear shaft (22) and the ring gear (32) for transmission at the same time.

12. The drive axle according to claim 11, characterized in that: The outer wall of the gear ring (32) is provided with a keyway (63) and is relatively fixed to the wheel-side reducer housing (10) in the circumferential direction via a flat key (33).

13. The drive axle according to claim 11, characterized in that: The planet carrier (30) comprises a drive shaft (69), and the drive shaft (69) is provided with a first spline; The wheel hub assembly (11) comprises a wheel hub (28), the wheel hub (28) is provided with an axial hole corresponding to the drive shaft (69), and the axial hole is provided with a second spline; The drive shaft (69) is inserted into the shaft hole, and the drive shaft (69) is drivingly connected to the wheel hub assembly (11) via the first spline and the second spline.

14. The drive axle according to claim 13, characterized in that: The wheel hub assembly (11) further comprises: A nut abutment plate (26), wherein the nut abutment plate (26) is sleeved on the end of the drive shaft (69), and a sealing ring is provided between the nut abutment plate (26) and the wheel hub (28); A nut (27) is threadedly connected to the end of the drive shaft (69) to press the nut against the plate (26) onto the wheel hub (28).

15. The drive axle according to claim 13, characterized in that: The wheel hub assembly (11) further comprises: An oil seal (29), the oil seal (29) being arranged between the wheel hub (28) and the wheel-side reducer housing (10) and used for sealing a gap between the wheel hub (28) and the wheel-side reducer housing (10); A bearing (23), wherein the bearing (23) is arranged between the wheel hub (28) and the wheel-side reducer housing (10), and / or the bearing (23) is arranged between the drive shaft (69) and the wheel-side reducer housing (10).

16. The drive axle according to claim 11, characterized in that: The service brake assembly (200) comprises: A brake abutment plate (21), the brake abutment plate (21) being arranged inside the wheel-side reducer housing (10) and fixedly connected to the wheel-side reducer housing (10); a piston (19), wherein the piston (19) is disposed in the second housing (6) or the first housing (4); A friction plate (44), wherein the friction plate (44) is disposed on the sun gear shaft (22); A steel sheet (43), wherein the steel sheet (43) is arranged on the brake plate (21) and is spaced apart from the friction sheet (44); Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the piston (19) moves toward the friction plate (44), and the piston (19) pushes the steel plate (43). The steel plate (43) contacts the friction plate (44) to brake the sun gear shaft (22).

17. The drive axle according to claim 16, characterized in that: The braking plate (21) is provided with a clamping groove (45) in the axial direction, and the steel sheet (43) is clamped with the clamping groove (45) and can move along the clamping groove (45).

18. The drive axle according to claim 17, characterized in that: The service brake assembly (200) further includes: A return spring (68), wherein the return spring (68) is arranged between the two steel sheets (43) and can drive the steel sheets (43) away from the friction sheet (44) in a pressure-free state.

19. The drive axle according to claim 18, characterized in that: The service brake assembly (200) further includes: A connecting pin (42), wherein the connecting pin (42) is arranged in the clamping groove (45) and penetrates the steel sheet (43), and the return spring (68) is sleeved on the connecting pin (42).

20. The drive axle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The half shaft comprises: a first half shaft (41), the first half shaft (41) passing through the first housing (4) and arranged on a first side of the differential (39), the second end of the first half shaft (41) being drivingly connected to the differential (39); A second half shaft (37), the second half shaft (37) is passed through the second housing (6) and is arranged on a second side of the differential (39), and a second end of the second half shaft (37) is drivingly connected to the differential (39).

21. The drive axle according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: a third shell (61), the third shell (61) being detachably fixedly connected to the first shell (4), the third shell (61) being arranged on a first side of the first shell (4), and the second shell (6) being arranged on a second side of the first shell (4); The half shaft comprises: a first half shaft (41), the first half shaft (41) passing through the third housing (61) and arranged on a first side of the differential (39), the second end of the first half shaft (41) being drivingly connected to the differential (39); A second half shaft (37), the second half shaft (37) is passed through the second housing (6) and is arranged on a second side of the differential (39), and a second end of the second half shaft (37) is drivingly connected to the differential (39).

22. A forklift, comprising wheels, characterized in that: It also includes a drive axle according to any one of claims 1 to 21, and the wheels are connected to the drive axle.

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