High-pressure water jet scouring test system and method suitable for scouring shield mud cake

Abstract

The invention provides a high-pressure water jet scouring test system and method suitable for scouring a shield mud cake. The system comprises a mud cake generation module, a nozzle jet generation module and a support adjustment module. Generation of muck mud cakes in actual shield high-pressure and high-temperature environments can be simulated, the pressing state of the mud cakes is monitored in real time through pore pressure and displacement data, the actual shield mud cake forming environment is greatly restored, the nozzle structure, fluid pressure and flow, fluid materials and variable jet flow scouring distance and angle can be adjusted during high-pressure jet flow scouring, and the effect is good. Jet flow effect comparison in different states is realized, so that a basis is provided for shield performance optimization and evaluation; the jet flow characteristics are observed in real time through the PIV technology, and the development states and performance of jet flows under different working conditions are compared, so that the jet flow scouring effect is guaranteed; and the destroy characteristics of the washed mud cake can be obtained through a shape taking device or a three-dimensional scanning technology, so that the accurate evaluation on the destroy effect of the mud cake is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnels and underground engineering, and in particular to a high-pressure water jet flushing test system and method suitable for flushing shield mud cakes. Background Art

[0002] When excavating in cohesive strata, if the shield excavation system is set up or the slag improvement is unreasonable, mud cake phenomenon is likely to occur, that is, the cohesive slag forms mud cake under the action of shear friction, extrusion consolidation, etc., and adheres to the cutterhead and soil bin (air cushion bin), blocking the cutterhead opening and soil bin, seriously affecting the safety and construction period of the shield. Therefore, it is necessary to configure a jet flushing system to flush the shield mud cake to prevent or control the mud cake adhesion problem. When using a jet flushing system for mud cake prevention and control, different nozzle structures, fluid parameters and nozzle arrangements have different flushing effects. At present, there is still no systematic evaluation method for the corresponding effect. Therefore, designing a high-pressure water jet flushing test scheme suitable for flushing shield mud cake has important scientific significance and research value. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-pressure water jet scouring test scheme suitable for scouring shield mud cake in view of the shortcomings existing in the above-mentioned background technology, which can analyze the influence of jet scouring on mud cake destruction and study the influence of jet fluid pressure, flow rate, scouring angle, scouring distance, jet material or nozzle structure on jet generation or mud cake scouring destruction.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high-pressure water jet flushing test system suitable for flushing shield mud cake, including a mud cake generating module, a nozzle jet generating module and a support adjusting module; The mud cake generation module is used to pressurize the shield slag soil sample and control the generation temperature so that the slag soil sample is consolidated into a mud cake; The nozzle jet generation module forms high-speed jets under different fluid pressures and flow rates, and flushes the mud cake; The support adjustment module is used to support the nozzle jet generation module and adjust the nozzle jet generation module to flush the mud cake at different distances and angles; The three-dimensional model of mud cake destruction at the corresponding moment is obtained, the volume, width and depth development status of mud cake destruction at the corresponding moment are collected, and the mud cake scouring effect is evaluated.

[0005] Furthermore, the mud cake generating module comprises a supporting frame, a hydraulic cylinder, a constant temperature test chamber, a test chamber cover, a permeable stone and a drain pipe, the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the supporting frame, the test chamber cover is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder, the constant temperature test chamber is provided with a heating assembly, the permeable stone is arranged at the top and bottom of the constant temperature test chamber, the slag sample is loaded in the constant temperature test chamber, the top and bottom surfaces of the slag sample are in contact with the corresponding permeable stones, the permeable stones are respectively connected to the corresponding drain pipes, and the drain pipes are provided with drain valves.

[0006] Furthermore, a pressure sensor is provided at the connection between the test chamber cover plate and the hydraulic cylinder, a dial gauge is provided on the test chamber cover plate, and a pore pressure sensor and a lateral soil pressure sensor are provided on the side wall of the constant temperature test chamber.

[0007] Furthermore, the nozzle jet generating module includes a jet water supply pipeline with constant pressure or flow, a nozzle, a laser sight and a PIV fluid characteristic monitoring component. The jet water supply pipeline is connected to the nozzle to provide a fluid with constant pressure or flow. The nozzle is used to convert the pressure potential energy of the fluid into kinetic energy to form a high-speed jet. The laser sight is matched with the nozzle to determine the initial position of the injection for debugging. The PIV fluid characteristic monitoring component is used to obtain the high-speed jet characteristics so as to flush the mud cake in the jet core area of ​​the high-speed jet.

[0008] Furthermore, the nozzles include rectangular nozzles, straight nozzles, conical convergent nozzles, and rotating nozzles.

[0009] Furthermore, the PIV jet characteristic monitoring component includes a computer, a synchronizer, a laser and a CCD camera, the CCD camera and the laser aimer are arranged at a preset angle, the laser is used to make the tracer particles in the flow field visible, and the CCD camera is used to obtain the position of the tracer particles in real time, so as to obtain the flow velocity distribution information in the flow field through the computer.

[0010] Further, the support adjustment module includes a support base plate, a column arranged at a first end of the support base plate, and a test chamber base arranged at a second end of the support base plate, the column is detachably connected to the support base plate, and the distance between the column and the test chamber base can be adjusted; The column is provided with an adjustment shaft, the nozzle and the laser sight are both connected to the adjustment shaft, and the adjustment shaft is connected to an angle adjustment hand wheel; A plurality of clamps are arranged on the test chamber base, and the clamps are used to fix the constant temperature test chamber so that the constant temperature test chamber is aligned with the direction where the nozzle is located.

[0011] Furthermore, a baffle is provided on the test chamber base, and the baffle can shield the constant temperature test chamber to prevent the high-speed jet from being injected into the mud cake before it is fully formed.

[0012] The present invention also provides a high-pressure water jet scouring test method suitable for scouring shield mud cake, using the high-pressure water jet scouring test system suitable for scouring shield mud cake as described above, comprising the following steps: S1, debug the nozzle jet generation module to form high-speed jets with different characteristics, monitor the flow velocity of the high-speed jet at different positions through the PIV fluid characteristic monitoring component, obtain the core area length where the flow velocity remains unchanged after the high-speed jet is generated, and install the nozzle jet generation module at a preset position of the supporting base plate; S2, the shield soil sample obtained on site is configured according to the predetermined moisture content and loaded into the constant temperature test chamber, the temperature of the constant temperature test chamber is adjusted to the preset value, a constant pressure is applied to the soil sample through the hydraulic cylinder, the upper and lower drainage valves are opened or closed to consolidate the soil sample, and the displacement of the soil sample, the pore water pressure in the middle and the lateral soil pressure readings are monitored at the same time; S3, remove the constant temperature test chamber from the mud cake generation module and install it on the support adjustment module, fix it through the clamp on the test chamber base, and rotate the baffle to the front of the mud cake; S4, the mud cake is jet-flushed by the set distance, angle and jet material. After the flushing reaches the predetermined time, the nozzle jet generation module is closed to obtain the test flushing width, depth and volume of the broken mud cake, and evaluate the mud cake flushing effect.

[0013] Furthermore, in S4, when the degree of mud cake destruction does not meet the requirements, the fluid pressure, flow rate, flushing angle, flushing distance, jet material, or nozzle form when the high-speed jet is generated is adjusted, and S1 to S4 are repeated until the expected mud cake destruction effect is met. At this time, the jet parameters are the minimum values ​​set by the system parameters.

[0014] The above scheme of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The high-pressure water jet flushing test system and method for flushing shield mud cake provided by the present invention can simulate the generation of slag mud cake under the high-pressure and high-temperature environment of the actual shield through the settings of the mud cake generation module, the nozzle jet generation module and the support adjustment module, and monitor the suppression state of the mud cake in real time through the pore pressure and displacement data, which greatly restores the actual mud cake formation environment of the shield. During the high-pressure jet flushing, the nozzle structure, fluid pressure and flow rate, fluid material, and the jet flushing distance and angle can be adjusted to achieve the comparison of jet effects under different states, thereby providing a basis for shield performance optimization and evaluation; The present invention uses PIV technology to observe the jet characteristics in real time and compare the development status and performance of the jet under different working conditions, thereby ensuring the jet flushing effect; the mud cake after flushing can obtain the destruction characteristics through a shaper or three-dimensional scanning technology to achieve accurate evaluation of the mud cake destruction effect; Other beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a mud cake generation module of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the PIV jet characteristic monitoring component of the present invention.

[0016] [Description of Reference Numerals] 10-mud cake generation module; 11-soil sample; 12-support frame; 13-hydraulic cylinder; 14-constant temperature test chamber; 15-test chamber cover; 16-permeable stone; 17-drain pipe; 18-pressure sensor; 19-micrometer; 110-pore pressure sensor; 111-lateral soil pressure sensor; 20-nozzle jet generation module; 21-jet water supply pipeline; 22-nozzle; 23-laser aimer; 24-computer; 25-synchronizer; 26-laser; 27-CCD camera; 30-support adjustment module; 31-support bottom plate; 32-column; 33-test chamber base; 34-adjustment shaft; 35-angle adjustment handwheel; 36-hoop; 37-baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more comprehensively with reference to the relevant drawings below. The preferred embodiments of the present application are provided in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many other different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0018] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0019] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0020] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0021] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-pressure water jet scouring test system suitable for scouring shield mud cake, including a mud cake generating module 10, a nozzle jet generating module 20 and a support adjusting module 30. Among them, the mud cake generating module 10 pressurizes the shield slag sample 11 and controls the generating temperature to consolidate the slag sample 11 into a mud cake. The nozzle jet generating module 20 forms a high-speed jet under different fluid pressures and flow rates, and uses particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology to obtain high-speed jet characteristics to scour the mud cake through the high-speed jet. The support adjusting module 30 is used to support the nozzle jet generating module 20, and the mud cake is scoured at different distances and angles by adjusting the support adjusting module 30, and a shape extractor or a three-dimensional scanner is used to obtain a three-dimensional model of mud cake destruction at the corresponding moment, and the volume, width and depth development state of the mud cake destruction at the corresponding moment are collected to evaluate the mud cake scouring effect.

[0023] At the same time Figure 2As shown, the mud cake generation module 10 includes a support frame 12, a hydraulic cylinder 13, a constant temperature test chamber 14, a test chamber cover 15, a permeable stone 16 and a drain pipe 17. Among them, the hydraulic cylinder 13 is fixedly installed on the top of the support frame 12, the test chamber cover 15 is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 13, and a pressure sensor 18 is installed at the connection, and a micrometer 19 is also installed on the test chamber cover 15. A constant pressure is applied to the constant temperature test chamber 14 through the test chamber cover 15, and the pressure sensor 18 detects and feedbacks, and the travel of the test chamber cover 15 is confirmed by the micrometer 19. The permeable stone 16 is set at the top and bottom of the constant temperature test chamber 14, and the slag sample 11 is filled in the constant temperature test chamber 14, and the top and bottom surfaces are in contact with the permeable stone 16. Among them, the permeable stones 16 located on the top and bottom surfaces of the slag sample 11 are connected to the drain pipe 17, and are equipped with drainage valves to drain water to achieve the purpose of consolidation and compression of the slag sample 11.

[0024] In this embodiment, the constant temperature test chamber 14 controls the temperature of the slag sample 11 through a heating component in the chamber wall. At the same time, a pore pressure sensor 110 and a lateral soil pressure sensor 111 are installed on the side wall of the constant temperature test chamber 14 to respectively detect the pore pressure and lateral soil pressure to confirm whether a mud cake is generated.

[0025] In this embodiment, the nozzle jet generation module 20 includes a jet water supply pipeline 21 with constant pressure or flow, a nozzle 22, a laser sight 23, and a PIV fluid characteristic monitoring component. Among them, the jet water supply pipeline 21 is connected to the nozzle 22 to provide a fluid with constant pressure or flow. The fluid converts the pressure potential energy into kinetic energy through the nozzle 22 to form a high-speed jet. The nozzle 22 can replace a rectangular nozzle 22, a straight nozzle 22, a conical convergent nozzle 22, and a rotating nozzle 22, etc., to test the effects of nozzles 22 of different forms. The laser sight 23 is set in conjunction with the nozzle 22, and the approximate position of the injection can be determined by the laser sight 23, which is more convenient for debugging.

[0026] At the same time Figure 3 As shown, the PIV jet characteristic monitoring component includes a computer 24, a synchronizer 25, a laser 26 and a CCD camera 27. The CCD camera 27 is arranged at 90 degrees with the laser sight 23, and the tracer particles in the flow field are visualized by the laser 26, and the position of the tracer particles is obtained in real time by the CCD camera 27, and then the flow velocity distribution information in the flow field is obtained by the computer 24. This information can further reflect the characteristics of the high-speed jet, so as to facilitate accurate debugging of the nozzle jet generation module 20.

[0027] In this embodiment, the support adjustment module 30 includes a support base plate 31, a column 32 arranged at the first end of the support base plate 31, and a test chamber base 33 arranged at the second end of the support base plate 31. The column 32 is connected to the support base plate 31 by bolts, and a plurality of bolt holes are provided on the support base plate 31 along the length direction. By installing the column 32 at different positions, the distance between the column 32 and the test chamber base 33 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the distance between the nozzle 22 and the mud cake. Among them, an adjustment shaft 34 is provided on the column 32, and the nozzle 22 and the laser sight 23 are both connected to the adjustment shaft 34. An angle adjustment hand wheel 35 is provided at the end of the adjustment shaft 34. The adjustment shaft 34 is rotated by rotating the angle adjustment hand wheel 35 to adjust the angle of the nozzle 22 to achieve flushing at different angles. It can be understood that a holding structure is provided between the adjustment shaft 34 and the column 32 to provide a certain holding force, so that the nozzle 22 can be maintained after being adjusted to the corresponding angle, or locked by a locking structure.

[0028] In this embodiment, a plurality of clamps 36 are provided on the test chamber base 33, and the clamps 36 are used to fix the constant temperature test chamber 14 so that the horizontally laid posture of the constant temperature test chamber 14 is aligned with the first end of the support bottom plate 31, that is, the direction where the nozzle 22 is located. As a preferred embodiment, in this embodiment, a baffle 37 is also provided on the test chamber base 33, and the baffle 37 can rotate relative to the test chamber base 33 to rotate to the front of the constant temperature test chamber 14 for shielding, so as to prevent the high-speed jet from being injected into the mud cake before it is fully formed and affecting the test effect.

[0029] Therefore, in the high-pressure water jet scouring test system for scouring shield mud cake provided in this embodiment, the constant temperature test chamber 14 is also detachably arranged, and it can be used as a unit. After it is installed in the mud cake generation module 10 to generate mud cake, it can be removed and installed on the test chamber base 33 for testing. At this time, the mud cake generation module 10 can generate another mud cake of different specifications. In this way, the test efficiency can be significantly improved, and the scouring test and evaluation of mud cake generation in different situations are guaranteed, further improving the reliability of the test.

[0030] Based on the same concept, this embodiment also provides a high-pressure water jet flushing test method suitable for flushing shield mud cake, which specifically includes the following steps: S1, debug the nozzle jet generation module 20, form high-speed jets with different characteristics by changing jet parameters and materials, monitor the flow velocity of high-speed jets at different positions through the PIV fluid characteristic monitoring component, obtain the core area length where the flow velocity remains unchanged after the high-speed jet is generated, and install the nozzle jet generation module 20 at a preset position of the support base plate 31, It should be noted that for the same nozzle 22, the jet formed under a certain pressure corresponds to a certain flow rate. Therefore, the jet pressure is gradually increased to form different jet characteristics, and the length of the jet core area, that is, the jet convergence, is observed. When the jet core area is short, the jet scatters at a shorter distance, the impact area of ​​the jet on the mud cake is larger, and the destructive effect is poor. At this time, the jet pressure or flow rate should be increased to make the jet have greater kinetic energy and a longer jet core area. If a more obvious scattering phenomenon still occurs after increasing to the pressure limit, it indicates that the nozzle 22 form or fluid material is unreasonable, and the nozzle 22 or fluid material should be replaced and retested.

[0031] S2, the shield slag sample 11 obtained on site is configured according to a predetermined moisture content and loaded into the constant temperature test chamber 14, the temperature of the constant temperature test chamber 14 is adjusted to a preset value, and a constant pressure is applied to the slag sample 11 through the hydraulic cylinder 13, and the upper and lower drainage valves are opened or closed to consolidate the slag sample 11, and at the same time, the displacement of the slag sample 11, the middle pore water pressure and the lateral soil pressure readings are monitored.

[0032] It should be noted that in this step, all drainage valves must be closed before the slag sample 11 is pressurized by the hydraulic cylinder 13, and the displacement, lateral soil pressure and pore water pressure of the slag sample 11 are recorded during the pressurization process. After reaching a certain level, all drainage valves are opened to allow the slag sample 11 to begin drainage and consolidation, and the changes in sample size and pore water pressure are recorded. When the pore water pressure in the middle of the slag sample 11 is 0 and the displacement reading change per hour is less than 0.01 mm, the mud cake is considered to be pressed.

[0033] S3, the constant temperature test chamber 14 is removed from the mud cake generating module 10 and installed on the supporting and adjusting module 30, fixed by the clamp 36 on the test chamber base 33, and the baffle 37 is rotated to the front of the mud cake.

[0034] S4, the nozzle jet generating module 20 is installed at a preset position of the supporting base plate 31, and the mud cake is jet-flushed by the set distance, angle and jet material. After the flushing reaches a predetermined time, the nozzle jet generating module 20 is turned off, and a shape detector or a three-dimensional scanner is used to obtain the test flushing width, depth and volume of the broken mud cake.

[0035] In this step, the flushing angle of the nozzle 22 is adjusted to a predetermined value by the angle adjustment hand wheel 35, the jet water supply pipeline 21 is opened to generate a jet, and after the high-speed jet is fully formed, the baffle 37 is rotated out of the way so that the high-speed jet flushes and destroys the mud cake.

[0036] It should be noted that when the degree of mud cake destruction does not meet the requirements, you can choose to adjust the fluid pressure, flow rate, flushing angle, flushing distance, jet material or replace the nozzle 22 form when generating the high-speed jet, and repeat the above steps until the expected mud cake destruction effect is met. At this time, the jet parameters are the minimum values ​​set by the system parameters.

[0037] It should also be noted that when it is necessary to test the flushing effect of nozzles 22 of different forms, nozzles 22 of different forms can be replaced, such as rectangular nozzles 22, straight nozzles 22, conical convergent nozzles 22, and rotating nozzles 22.

[0038] The high-pressure water jet flushing test method for flushing shield mud cake provided by the present invention has the same inventive concept and friendly effect as the aforementioned system, and will not be repeated here.

[0039] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0040] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A high-pressure water jet scouring test system suitable for scouring shield mud cake, characterized in that: It comprises a mud cake generating module (10), a nozzle jet generating module (20) and a supporting and adjusting module (30); The mud cake generation module (10) is used to pressurize the shield slag sample (11) and control the generation temperature so that the slag sample (11) is consolidated into a mud cake; The nozzle jet generation module (20) forms high-speed jets under different fluid pressures and flow rates, and flushes the mud cake; The support adjustment module (30) is used to support the nozzle jet generation module (20), and simultaneously adjust the nozzle jet generation module (20) to flush the mud cake at different distances and angles; The three-dimensional model of mud cake destruction at the corresponding moment is obtained, the volume, width and depth development status of mud cake destruction at the corresponding moment are collected, and the mud cake scouring effect is evaluated.

2. The high-pressure water jet scouring test system suitable for scouring shield mud cake according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mud cake generation module (10) comprises a support frame (12), a hydraulic cylinder (13), a constant temperature test chamber (14), a test chamber cover plate (15), a permeable stone (16) and a drainage pipe (17); the hydraulic cylinder (13) is connected to the support frame (12); the test chamber cover plate (15) is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (13); the constant temperature test chamber (14) is provided with a heating component; the permeable stone (16) is provided at the top and bottom of the constant temperature test chamber (14); the slag sample (11) is loaded in the constant temperature test chamber (14); the top surface and the bottom surface of the slag sample (11) are in contact with the corresponding permeable stone (16); the permeable stone (16) is respectively connected to the corresponding drainage pipe (17); and the drainage pipe (17) is provided with a drainage valve.

3. The high-pressure water jet scouring test system suitable for scouring shield mud cake according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A pressure sensor (18) is provided at the connection between the test chamber cover plate (15) and the hydraulic cylinder (13), a dial gauge (19) is provided on the test chamber cover plate (15), and a pore pressure sensor (110) and a lateral soil pressure sensor (111) are provided on the side wall of the constant temperature test chamber (14).

4. The high-pressure water jet scouring test system suitable for scouring shield mud cake according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The nozzle jet generation module (20) comprises a jet water supply pipeline (21) with a constant pressure or flow rate, a nozzle (22), a laser sight (23) and a PIV fluid characteristic monitoring component. The jet water supply pipeline (21) is connected to the nozzle (22) and is used to provide a fluid with a constant pressure or flow rate. The nozzle (22) is used to convert the pressure potential energy of the fluid into kinetic energy to form a high-speed jet. The laser sight (23) is provided in conjunction with the nozzle (22) and is used to determine the initial position of the high-speed jet for debugging. The PIV fluid characteristic monitoring component is used to obtain the characteristics of the high-speed jet so as to flush the mud cake in the jet core area of ​​the high-speed jet.

5. The high-pressure water jet scouring test system for scouring shield mud cake according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The nozzle (22) includes a rectangular nozzle (22), a straight nozzle (22), a conical convergent nozzle (22), and a rotating nozzle (22).

6. The high-pressure water jet scouring test system for scouring shield mud cake according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The PIV jet characteristic monitoring component comprises a computer (24), a synchronizer (25), a laser (26) and a CCD camera (27); the CCD camera (27) and the laser sight (23) are arranged at a preset angle; the laser (26) is used to visualize tracer particles in the flow field; and the CCD camera (27) is used to obtain the position of the tracer particles in real time, so as to obtain flow velocity distribution information in the flow field through the computer (24).

7. The high-pressure water jet scouring test system for scouring shield mud cake according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The support adjustment module (30) comprises a support base plate (31), a column (32) arranged at a first end of the support base plate (31), and a test chamber base (33) arranged at a second end of the support base plate (31), wherein the column (32) is detachably connected to the support base plate (31), and a distance between the column (32) and the test chamber base (33) is adjustable; The column (32) is provided with an adjustment shaft (34), the nozzle (22) and the laser sight (23) are both connected to the adjustment shaft (34), and the adjustment shaft (34) is connected to an angle adjustment hand wheel (35); A plurality of clamps (36) are provided on the test chamber base (33), and the clamps (36) are used to fix the constant temperature test chamber (14) so ​​that the constant temperature test chamber (14) is aligned with the direction where the nozzle (22) is located.

8. The high-pressure water jet scouring test system for scouring shield mud cake according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A baffle (37) is also provided on the test chamber base (33), and the baffle (37) can shield the constant temperature test chamber (14) to prevent the high-speed jet from being injected into the mud cake before it is fully formed.

9. A high-pressure water jet flushing test method suitable for flushing shield mud cake, using a high-pressure water jet flushing test system suitable for flushing shield mud cake as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, debugging the nozzle jet generation module (20) to form high-speed jets with different characteristics, monitoring the flow velocity at different positions of the high-speed jet through a PIV fluid characteristic monitoring component, obtaining the length of the core area where the flow velocity remains unchanged after the high-speed jet is generated, and installing the nozzle jet generation module (20) at a preset position of the supporting base plate (31); S2, the shield slag sample (11) obtained on site is configured according to a predetermined moisture content and loaded into a constant temperature test chamber (14), the temperature of the constant temperature test chamber (14) is adjusted to a preset value, a constant pressure is applied to the slag sample (11) through a hydraulic cylinder (13), and the upper and lower drainage valves are opened or closed to consolidate the slag sample (11), while monitoring the displacement of the slag sample (11), the middle pore water pressure, and the lateral earth pressure readings; S3, removing the constant temperature test chamber (14) from the mud cake generation module (10) and installing it on the support adjustment module (30), fixing it via the clamp (36) on the test chamber base (33), and rotating the baffle (37) to the front of the mud cake; S4, jet flushing the mud cake using a set distance, angle and jet material, after flushing for a predetermined time, closing the nozzle jet generation module (20), obtaining a test flushing width, depth and volume of the broken mud cake, and evaluating the flushing effect of the mud cake.

10. The high-pressure water jet flushing test method for flushing shield mud cake according to claim 9 is characterized in that: In S4, when the degree of mud cake destruction does not meet the requirements, the fluid pressure, flow rate, flushing angle, flushing distance, jet material, or nozzle type when the high-speed jet is generated is adjusted, and S1 to S4 are repeated until the expected mud cake destruction effect is met. At this time, the jet parameters are the minimum values ​​set by the system parameters.

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