Forming quality optical detection method in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming

Abstract

The invention discloses a forming quality optical detection method in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming, and relates to the technical field of optical detection. Comprising the steps that refracted light data in the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process are obtained on the basis of laser, the refracted light data are used for representing the forming quality of low-temperature supersonic metal, form data in the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process are obtained, the refracted light data are associated on the basis of the form data, and gas data in the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process are obtained. The metal forming quality is evaluated by monitoring refracted light data in real time and analyzing the relation between the refracted light data and the metal form and gas release, the detection precision is improved to a certain degree, meanwhile, parameters of optical detection methods such as laser are dynamically adjusted based on the data analysis result, the whole forming process is optimized, and the production efficiency is improved. Errors caused by gas interference are reduced, the stability and reliability of a detection system are enhanced, and the accuracy of a detection result is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of optical detection, and in particular to a forming quality optical detection method in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming. Background Art

[0002] Low-temperature supersonic metal forming technology is a manufacturing technology that uses supersonic airflow to heat metal materials to a plastic state and completes the forming in a very short time. In order to ensure the forming quality during the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process, an accurate detection method is required to monitor and evaluate the forming process in real time. The optical detection method of forming quality in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming is developed based on this demand.

[0003] After searching, the Chinese invention patent with publication number "CN113588566A" discloses "Laser spot welding micro-weld quality detection device and method based on laser ultrasound". This application uses the short impact of pulsed laser to excite ultrasonic waves to propagate on the surface and inside of the sample. In the standard welding process, the tight welds firmly connect two 304 stainless steel plates. In this case, ultrasonic energy can pass through the welds in large quantities and be transmitted to the other steel plate. On the contrary, if a cold weld occurs, because the weld is not tightly connected, there may be defects such as pores or impurities in the middle. These factors will hinder the transmission of sound waves and the corresponding Lamb wave mode. The propagation of ultrasonic waves will cause tiny vibrations on the surface of the sample. The laser Doppler vibrometer can detect ultrasonic signals related to the quality of the welds. By processing these signals, the quality of the welds can be inferred;

[0004] In addition, the Chinese invention patent with publication number "CN116297530A" discloses a "barrier film surface quality detection method based on optical technology". After analyzing the hyperspectral data of the barrier film surface, the application divides the different areas into detailed parts and determines the correction parameters of each band. Then, the data is adjusted to maintain the distribution characteristics, and the I MF obtained by EMD is used to accurately set the threshold, distinguish details from noise, and achieve accurate denoising, avoiding modal aliasing and ensuring that information is not lost during the denoising process. Finally, the denoised hyperspectral data is compared with the ideal data to accurately detect the surface quality of the barrier film.

[0005] In the actual preparation and forming process of low-temperature supersonic metal, along with the edge change of the low-temperature supersonic metal shape, the area where the low-temperature supersonic metal is prepared will also experience temperature changes due to the solidification reaction of the low-temperature supersonic metal, and the temperature change will be accompanied by the release of gas. In actual operation, the above two disclosed patents and similar patents will interfere with optical detection methods such as lasers during the gas release process, thereby affecting the detection accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a forming quality optical detection method in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a forming quality optical detection method in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming, comprising:

[0008] Obtaining refraction light data during low-temperature supersonic metal forming based on laser, the refraction light data is used to indicate the forming quality of low-temperature supersonic metal;

[0009] Acquire morphological data of a low temperature supersonic metal forming process, and correlate refraction light data based on the morphological data;

[0010] Acquire gas data during cryogenic supersonic metal forming;

[0011] Matching gas data and refracted light data based on morphological features;

[0012] Based on the refraction light data and gas data, a gas disturbance compensation rule is formulated, and the gas disturbance compensation rule is used to adjust the influence of the gas flow characteristics on the refraction light data during the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process;

[0013] Compare the refraction light data before and after the gas turbulence compensation rule is executed, and obtain the correction data;

[0014] Based on the correction data, the deviation adjustment coefficient is obtained, and the deviation adjustment coefficient is used to adjust the laser parameters in the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the method for acquiring the refracted light data includes:

[0016] A curtain is set based on the position of the low-temperature supersonic metal, and the curtain is used to map shadow data based on the laser irradiating the surface of the low-temperature supersonic metal and refracting on the curtain;

[0017] A two-dimensional coordinate system is constructed based on the position of the curtain, the two-dimensional coordinate system is used to locate the specific position of the refracted light data, the abscissa of the two-dimensional coordinate system is used to represent the width side of the low-temperature supersonic metal, and the coordinate of the two-dimensional coordinate system is used to represent the length side of the low-temperature supersonic metal;

[0018] A shadow data set of low-temperature supersonic metal with different morphological characteristics in a two-dimensional coordinate system is obtained based on a time series, and the shadow data set is used to represent the quality characteristics of the surface of the low-temperature supersonic metal with different morphological characteristics.

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the method for acquiring morphological data includes:

[0020] Acquire laser-based thermal energy data on low-temperature supersonic metal surfaces;

[0021] Correlate thermal energy data based on time series;

[0022] Obtaining material property data of low-temperature supersonic metal finished products, the material property data including: material mass, material density, material specific heat capacity and initial size of the material;

[0023] Construct the thermal expansion coefficient formula and obtain the thermal expansion coefficient of low-temperature supersonic metal based on thermal data and material data;

[0024] Retrieve the thermal expansion coefficient based on network interconnection and obtain the morphological data of low-temperature supersonic metals.

[0025] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thermal expansion coefficient formula is:

[0026] Where α is the thermal expansion coefficient, Q is the thermal energy data based on the laser, M is the material property data, L 0 is the initial size of the material, ΔT is the temperature difference over time, p is the material density, and c is the specific heat capacity of the material.

[0027] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the matching method of the morphological data and the refraction light data includes:

[0028] A matched set of morphological data and refraction light data acquired based on time series;

[0029] Constructing a similarity formula between the refraction light data and the morphological data, and applying the similarity formula to each matching set based on the time series;

[0030] The similarity formula is:

[0031] The S(t) is used to represent the similarity at time t, f shape( t i ) is used to represent the morphological data at time point t i The function value at F refract (t i ) is used to indicate the actual time of the refracted light at time point t i The function value at is obtained from the refraction light data, and N is used to represent the number of time series data.

[0032] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the method for acquiring gas data includes:

[0033] Obtaining the spatial region volume of low temperature supersonic metal forming, where the spatial region volume is used to represent the temperature diffusion range during the low temperature supersonic metal forming process;

[0034] Acquire temperature data of a low temperature supersonic metal forming process, where the temperature data is used to represent a temperature range of a spatial region during the low temperature supersonic metal forming process;

[0035] Obtaining the initial air flow velocity in the space region and the forming time of the low-temperature supersonic metal;

[0036] A gas data formation formula is constructed based on temperature data, spatial region volume, forming time of low-temperature supersonic metal, and initial gas flow velocity;

[0037] The gas data forming formula is:

[0038] Where T 0 It is used to indicate temperature data; T is used to indicate gas data, T max It is used to indicate the maximum temperature after laser irradiation, V is used to indicate the volume of the spatial region, u is used to indicate the initial airflow velocity, and t is used to indicate the forming time of low-temperature supersonic metal.

[0039] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the method for constructing the gas turbulence rule includes:

[0040] Constructing correlation functions based on the correlation data sets of gas data and refracted light acquired in time series;

[0041] Retrieve the refraction light data of different morphological characteristics of the finished product during the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process;

[0042] Based on the correlation function, the gas data matching the finished product low-temperature supersonic metal refraction light data is obtained;

[0043] Compare the gas data between the finished cryogenic supersonic metal and the tested cryogenic supersonic metal, and obtain the gas flow difference;

[0044] Adjusting the air flow characteristics during the low temperature supersonic metal forming process is performed based on the numerical value and the positive and negative value of the air flow difference.

[0045] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the correlation function is T=b 2 F 2 +b 1 F+b 0 ;

[0046] Where T is gas data, F is function light data b 2 ,b 1 ,b 0 They respectively represent the secondary influence, primary influence and reference value of the refracted light data F on the gas data T.

[0047] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, b 2and F 2 It is used to indicate the secondary effect of the change of metal surface state on gas flow during low-temperature supersonic metal forming. 1 The value between F and F is used to represent the linear change of the refraction light data and the direct change of the gas flow. When the F value is 0, the reference value of the gas data T is b 0 Assigned to indicate the standard value of gas flow during low-temperature supersonic metal forming without laser interference.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] This optical detection method for forming quality in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming evaluates the metal forming quality by real-time monitoring of refracted light data and analyzing its relationship with metal morphology and gas release, thereby improving the detection accuracy to a certain extent. At the same time, based on the data analysis results, the parameters of optical detection methods such as laser are dynamically adjusted to optimize the entire forming process, reduce errors caused by gas interference, enhance the stability and reliability of the detection system, and improve the accuracy of the detection results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is the operation logic diagram of the method of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 A diagram showing a method for obtaining refracted light during a specific implementation of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Two-dimensional coordinate system diagram inside the center curtain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Before understanding the technical solution proposed in the present invention, it should be clear that in the prior art, a common technical means is to use laser as a light source and detect the surface and internal quality of metal materials in the forming process in a non-contact manner, and then obtain the temperature, stress distribution and microstructure change data of the material by analyzing the scattering, reflection and transmission signals generated by the interaction between the laser and the metal material, so as to achieve real-time evaluation and control of the forming quality. However, this method has certain limitations. For example, since metal materials may generate gases during the forming process, the presence of these gases will interfere with the laser signal, thereby affecting the accuracy of the detection. Specifically, in the technical solution proposed in this application, reference is made to FIG. Figure 1 It can be seen that it includes: step S100-step S700.

[0055] Step S100: obtaining refraction light data in a low-temperature supersonic metal forming process based on a laser.

[0056] It should be clear that the refracted light data in step S100 is used to indicate the forming quality of the low-temperature supersonic metal.

[0057] Specifically, the method for acquiring the refraction light data in step S100 includes: step S101 to step S103.

[0058] Step S101: setting a curtain based on the low-temperature supersonic metal position.

[0059] It should be clear that the curtain is used to map shadow data based on the laser irradiating the low-temperature supersonic metal surface and refracting on the curtain.

[0060] It should be added that during the forming process of low-temperature supersonic metal, the surface of the low-temperature supersonic metal will produce dynamically changing shadow patterns due to temperature changes and uneven stress distribution. Figure 3 It can be seen that, therefore, in the present application, the distribution of spots appearing in the shadow pattern on the curtain can be used as an indicator for evaluating the quality of metal forming.

[0061] Step S102: constructing a two-dimensional coordinate system based on the screen position.

[0062] It should be noted that in step S102, the two-dimensional coordinate system is used to locate the specific position of the refracted light data. Figure 3 It can be seen that the horizontal axis of the two-dimensional coordinate system is used to represent the width side of the low-temperature supersonic metal, and the coordinate of the two-dimensional coordinate system is used to represent the length side of the low-temperature supersonic metal.

[0063] Step S103: Obtaining a shadow data set of low-temperature supersonic metal in a two-dimensional coordinate system with different morphological characteristics based on the time series.

[0064] It should be clear that the shadow data set is used to represent the quality characteristics of the low-temperature supersonic metal surface under different morphological characteristics. Specifically, the shadow data set is obtained by continuously recording the shadow patterns formed on the low-temperature supersonic metal surface on the curtain at different time points. These shadow patterns reflect the dynamic changes of the metal surface, including the unevenness of temperature and stress distribution. By analyzing the characteristics of these shadow patterns changing over time, the quality of the metal forming process can be monitored and evaluated in real time. For example, if abnormal temperature rise or stress concentration occurs during the forming process, the shadow pattern formed on the curtain will show corresponding abnormal characteristics, such as the distribution and shape changes of spots. By comparing the shadow patterns under standard forming quality, the forming parameters can be discovered and adjusted in time to ensure the quality of the final product.

[0065] Step S200: Acquire morphological data of a low-temperature supersonic metal forming process, and associate refraction light data based on the morphological data.

[0066] It should be clear that, in step S200, the method for acquiring morphological data includes: steps S201 to S205.

[0067] Step S201: Acquire thermal energy data of a low-temperature supersonic metal surface due to laser.

[0068] It should be clear that reference Figure 2 It can be seen that the acquisition of thermal energy data in step S201 is achieved by installing a thermal energy sensor in the prior art at a position far away from the laser emitter. The brand of the thermal energy sensor is OMRON, and the model is D6T-44L-06 non-contact temperature sensor. Figure 2 It can be seen that the collection range of the thermal energy sensor covers the entire low-temperature supersonic metal.

[0069] Step S202: Correlate thermal energy data based on time series.

[0070] It should be clear that the correlation of thermal energy data based on time series in step S202 is achieved by adding a clock synchronization module in the prior art to the thermal energy sensor. It should be added that the clock synchronization module can ensure that the collection of thermal energy data corresponds accurately to the moment of laser emission, so that the thermal energy data and the morphological changes of the metal surface can be recorded synchronously. In this way, the relationship between temperature changes and morphological changes in the metal forming process can be accurately analyzed. In addition, it should be noted that the clock synchronization module is a common technical means in the prior art field. For example, the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) of the IEEE 1588 standard is used for synchronization.

[0071] Step S203: Acquire material property data of low-temperature supersonic metal finished products.

[0072] It should be noted that in step S203, the material property data includes: material mass, material density, material specific heat capacity and the initial size of the material.

[0073] Step S204: construct a thermal expansion coefficient formula, and obtain the thermal expansion coefficient of the low-temperature supersonic metal based on the heat data and the material data.

[0074] It should be added that in step S204, the thermal expansion coefficient formula is:

[0075] Where α is the thermal expansion coefficient, Q is the thermal energy data based on the laser, M is the material property data, L 0 is the initial size of the material, ΔT is the temperature difference over time, p is the material density, and c is the specific heat capacity of the material.

[0076] It should be further explained that when the thermal expansion coefficient formula proposed in this application is used in a specific application, the thermal energy data Q obtained by the thermal energy sensor is specifically 500 J / cm 2 ,M is 100g,L 0 is 10cm, ΔT is 100℃, and p is 8g / cm 3 , c is 0.5J / (g\cdotp℃).

[0077] at this time

[0078] Step S205: Retrieve the thermal expansion coefficient based on the network interconnection, and obtain the morphological data of the low-temperature supersonic metal.

[0079] It should be added that step S205 is used to determine the form of low-temperature supersonic metal, such as liquid or solid, by comparing the acquired thermal expansion coefficient with the thermal expansion coefficient in the prior art. Specifically, in the actual comparison process, there is a numerical deviation. Based on the numerical deviation, the technical solution proposed in this application makes a judgment by comparing the first three digits of the numerical value, and the judgment value is in the range of ±3.

[0080] Step S300: Acquire gas data during the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process.

[0081] It should be clear that in the technical solution proposed in this application, reference Figure 2 It can be seen that the method of obtaining gas data is to install a gas sensor outside the thermal energy sensor. The gas sensor can monitor and record the gas flow characteristics in real time, where the gas flow characteristics include: gas temperature, pressure, flow rate and composition. Through these data, the influence of gas on the metal forming process and the dynamic changes of gas in different forming stages can be analyzed.

[0082] Specifically, in step S300, the gas sensor is a gas sensor of brand FI GARO and model TGS2600, refer to Figure 2 It can be seen that the collection ranges of the gas sensor and the thermal energy sensor overlap.

[0083] In addition, it should be noted that the method for acquiring gas data in step S300 includes: steps S301 to S304.

[0084] Step S301: Obtain the spatial region volume of low-temperature supersonic metal forming.

[0085] It should be clear that the spatial area volume is used to represent the temperature diffusion range during the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process. In the technical solution proposed in this application, the diffusion range is obtained through a gas sensor, and the gas sensor indirectly calculates by measuring the temperature change of the gas. Specifically, the gas sensor will record the temperature data of the gas at different time points, and the spatial range of temperature diffusion during the metal forming process is inferred through the changing trend of these data.

[0086] Step S302: Acquire temperature data of a low temperature supersonic metal forming process.

[0087] It should be clear that the temperature data in step S302 is used to represent the temperature range of the spatial region during the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process. It should be supplemented that the temperature data is obtained through a thermal energy sensor.

[0088] Step S303: obtaining the initial air flow velocity in the space region and the forming time of the low-temperature supersonic metal.

[0089] Step S304: constructing a gas data forming formula based on the temperature data, the volume of the spatial region, the forming time of the low-temperature supersonic metal, and the initial gas flow velocity.

[0090] It should be clear that the gas data is formed by the formula:

[0091] Where T 0 It is used to indicate temperature data; T is used to indicate gas data, T max It is used to indicate the maximum temperature after laser irradiation, V is used to indicate the volume of the spatial region, u is used to indicate the initial airflow velocity, and t is used to indicate the forming time of low-temperature supersonic metal.

[0092] Specifically, when the gas data forming formula is used in low temperature supersonic metal forming, when the obtained T 0 The value is 300K, T max 3000K, V1m 3 , u is 10m / s, t is 0.1s at this time

[0093] Step S400: Matching gas data and refracted light data based on morphological features.

[0094] It should be clear that the matching method for the morphological data and the refraction light data in step S400 includes: step S401 - step S402.

[0095] Step S401: A matching set of morphological data and refraction light data acquired based on time series.

[0096] It should be clear that step S401 in the technical solution proposed in this application is used to arrange the morphological data and the refraction light data in chronological order to form a series of matching pairs. These matching pairs can reflect the corresponding relationship between the metal morphology and the refraction light data at a specific time point. By analyzing these matching pairs, we can further understand the impact of metal morphology changes on the refraction light characteristics.

[0097] Step S402: construct a similarity formula between the refraction light data and the morphological data, and the similarity formula is applied to each matching set based on the time series.

[0098] It should be noted that the similarity formula in step S402 is:

[0099] S(t) is used to represent the similarity at time t, f shape (t i ) is used to represent the morphological data at time point t i The function value at F refract (t i ) is used to indicate the actual time of the refracted light at time point t i The function value at is obtained from the refraction light data, and N is used to represent the number of time series data.

[0100] It should be added that when the similarity formula is used for specific calculation, f is set shape (t i ) has a function value of 2, F refract (t i ) has a function value of 4.3 and N is 5.

[0101] Step S500: formulating gas turbulence compensation rules based on the refracted light data and the gas data.

[0102] It should be understood that in step S500, the gas turbulence compensation rule is used to pre-adjust the influence of the gas flow characteristics in the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process on the refraction light data.

[0103] It should be further explained that the method for constructing the gas turbulence rules in step S500 includes: steps S501 to S505.

[0104] Step S501: constructing a correlation function based on a correlation data set of gas data and refracted light acquired in time series.

[0105] Step S502: Retrieving refraction light data of different morphological features of the finished product during the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process.

[0106] Step S503: Acquire gas data matching the finished product low-temperature supersonic metal refraction light data based on the correlation function.

[0107] Step S504: Compare the gas data between the finished low-temperature supersonic metal and the low-temperature supersonic metal with detection, and obtain the gas flow difference.

[0108] Step S505: adjusting the airflow characteristics during the low temperature supersonic metal forming process based on the numerical value and the positive and negative values ​​of the airflow difference.

[0109] It should be noted that the correlation function in step S501 is: T = b 2 F 2 +b 1 F+b 0 , where T is gas data and F is function light data b 2 ,b 1 ,b 0 They respectively represent the secondary influence, primary influence and reference value of the refracted light data F on the gas data T.

[0110] It should be further explained that b 2 and F 2 It is used to indicate the secondary effect of the change of metal surface state on gas flow during low-temperature supersonic metal forming. 1 The value between F and F is used to represent the linear change of the refraction light data and the direct change of the gas flow. When the F value is 0, the reference value of the gas data T is b 0 Assigned to indicate the standard value of gas flow during low-temperature supersonic metal forming without laser interference.

[0111] In addition, it should be further added that for the b in the correlation function 2 ,b 1 ,b 0 In actual operation, the refraction light data F and the corresponding gas data T in the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process are recorded, and specific reference is made to Table 1.

[0112] Table 1

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] Based on the contents of Table 1, we can know that we have obtained a data set about the time point i and the refraction light data F i And gas data T i The design matrix X, where one row represents the refraction light data F of a data point and its square term F 2 , and construct a constant term 1 to correspond to the coefficient b 0 .

[0116] At this time the matrix The corresponding column vector of gas data T is: At this time, b 0 ,b 1 ,b 2 Induction is set to β, construct β = (X T X) -1 X T T's correlation, at this time Therefore, the where b 1 is 1.1, b 2 is 0.2, b 0 is 1.2, and the correlation function is T = 0.2F 2 +1.1F+1.2.

[0117] Step S600: Compare the refraction light data before and after the gas turbulence compensation rule is executed, and obtain correction data.

[0118] It should be noted that the correction data in step S600 is the absolute value of the difference between the refracted light data before and after the execution of the gas turbulence compensation rule, which is used to represent the correction effect and reflects the influence of the gas turbulence compensation rule on the refracted light data.

[0119] Specifically, in the technical solution proposed in this application, the gas data before and after the execution of the gas disturbance compensation rule is obtained and Table 2 is constructed. i Indicates a time period.

[0120] Table 2

[0121] <![CDATA[F i Time period]]> <![CDATA[Gas data T before compensation i > <![CDATA[Compensated gas data T i > 1.0 2.5 2.5 1.5 3.8 3.3 2.0 4.0 4.2 2.5 5.1 5.2 3.0 6.5 6.3

[0122] Based on the content of Table 2, we can see that the fluctuation of the correction data in different time periods can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the gas disturbance compensation rule. By comparing the gas data before and after compensation, T i , we can clearly see the impact of the gas disturbance compensation rule on the gas data in each time period. For example, when the Fi time period is 1.0, the gas data T before and after compensation iThere is no change, indicating that the gas turbulence compensation rule has no significant effect during this period, and i When the time period is 1.5, the compensated gas data T i It decreases slightly, indicating that the gas turbulence compensation rule plays a certain role during this period. In this way, the performance of the gas turbulence compensation rule is quantitatively analyzed.

[0123] Step S700: Obtaining a deviation adjustment coefficient based on the correction data.

[0124] It should be noted that the deviation adjustment coefficient in step S700 is used to adjust the laser parameters in the low temperature supersonic metal forming process.

[0125] It should be added that the laser parameters in step S700 are adjusted by fine-tuning the power and focusing position of the laser beam to ensure that the metal material reaches ideal temperature and pressure conditions during the forming process. In this way, forming defects are effectively reduced and the stability of the forming quality is improved. In addition, it should be noted that the deviation adjustment coefficient is obtained by analyzing the deviation value in the correction data through an existing computer analysis program, combined with real-time feedback information during the forming process, and dynamically calculated, so that the adjustment of the laser parameters can more accurately adapt to changes in material properties and forming conditions, thereby achieving precise control of the forming quality.

[0126] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is limited by the attached embodiments and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for optical detection of forming quality in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming, characterized in that: include: Obtaining refraction light data during low-temperature supersonic metal forming based on laser, the refraction light data is used to indicate the forming quality of low-temperature supersonic metal; Acquire morphological data of a low temperature supersonic metal forming process, and correlate refraction light data based on the morphological data; Acquire gas data during cryogenic supersonic metal forming; Matching gas data and refracted light data based on morphological features; Based on the refraction light data and gas data, a gas disturbance compensation rule is formulated, and the gas disturbance compensation rule is used to adjust the influence of the gas flow characteristics on the refraction light data during the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process; Compare the refraction light data before and after the gas turbulence compensation rule is executed, and obtain the correction data; Based on the correction data, the deviation adjustment coefficient is obtained, and the deviation adjustment coefficient is used to adjust the laser parameters in the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process.

2. The optical detection method for forming quality in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: Methods for obtaining refraction light data include: A curtain is set based on the position of the low-temperature supersonic metal, and the curtain is used to map shadow data based on the laser irradiating the surface of the low-temperature supersonic metal and refracting on the curtain; A two-dimensional coordinate system is constructed based on the position of the curtain, the two-dimensional coordinate system is used to locate the specific position of the refracted light data, the abscissa of the two-dimensional coordinate system is used to represent the width side of the low-temperature supersonic metal, and the coordinate of the two-dimensional coordinate system is used to represent the length side of the low-temperature supersonic metal; A shadow data set of low-temperature supersonic metal with different morphological characteristics in a two-dimensional coordinate system is obtained based on a time series, and the shadow data set is used to represent the quality characteristics of the surface of the low-temperature supersonic metal with different morphological characteristics.

3. The optical detection method for forming quality in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: Methods for obtaining morphological data include: Acquire laser-based thermal energy data on low-temperature supersonic metal surfaces; Correlate thermal energy data based on time series; Obtaining material property data of low-temperature supersonic metal finished products, the material property data including: material mass, material density, material specific heat capacity and initial size of the material; Construct the thermal expansion coefficient formula and obtain the thermal expansion coefficient of low-temperature supersonic metal based on thermal data and material data; Retrieve the thermal expansion coefficient based on network interconnection and obtain the morphological data of low-temperature supersonic metals.

4. The optical detection method for forming quality in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The formula for the coefficient of thermal expansion is: Where α is the thermal expansion coefficient, Q is the thermal energy data based on the laser, M is the material property data, L0 is the initial size of the material, ΔT is the difference in temperature over time, p is the material density, and c is the specific heat capacity of the material.

5. The optical detection method for forming quality in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matching methods of morphological data and refraction light data include: A matched set of morphological data and refraction light data acquired based on time series; Constructing a similarity formula between the refraction light data and the morphological data, and applying the similarity formula to each matching set based on the time series; The similarity formula is: The S(t) is used to represent the similarity at time t, f shape( t i ) is used to represent the morphological data at time point t i The function value at F refract (t i ) is used to indicate the actual time of the refracted light at time point t i The function value at is obtained from the refraction light data, and N is used to represent the number of time series data.

6. The optical detection method for forming quality in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: Methods for obtaining gas data include: Obtaining the spatial region volume of low temperature supersonic metal forming, where the spatial region volume is used to represent the temperature diffusion range during the low temperature supersonic metal forming process; Acquire temperature data of a low temperature supersonic metal forming process, where the temperature data is used to represent a temperature range of a spatial region during the low temperature supersonic metal forming process; Obtaining the initial air flow velocity in the space region and the forming time of the low-temperature supersonic metal; A gas data formation formula is constructed based on temperature data, spatial region volume, forming time of low-temperature supersonic metal, and initial gas flow velocity; The gas data forming formula is: T0 is used to represent temperature data; T is used to represent gas data, T max It is used to indicate the maximum temperature after laser irradiation, V is used to indicate the volume of the spatial region, u is used to indicate the initial airflow velocity, and t is used to indicate the forming time of low-temperature supersonic metal.

7. The optical detection method for forming quality in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for constructing the gas turbulence rules includes: Constructing correlation functions based on the correlation data sets of gas data and refracted light acquired in time series; Retrieve the refraction light data of different morphological characteristics of the finished product during the low-temperature supersonic metal forming process; Based on the correlation function, the gas data matching the finished product low-temperature supersonic metal refraction light data is obtained; Compare the gas data between the finished cryogenic supersonic metal and the tested cryogenic supersonic metal, and obtain the gas flow difference; Adjusting the air flow characteristics during the low temperature supersonic metal forming process is performed based on the numerical value and the positive and negative value of the air flow difference.

8. The method for optical detection of forming quality in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming according to claim 7, characterized in that: The correlation function is T = b2F 2 +b1F+b0; Where T is the gas data, F is the function light data, and b2, b1, and b0 respectively represent the secondary influence, primary influence, and reference value of the refracted light data F on the gas data T.

9. The optical detection method for forming quality in laser-assisted low-temperature supersonic metal forming according to claim 8, characterized in that: b2 and F 2 The value between b1 and F represents the secondary effect of the change of metal surface state on gas flow during low-temperature supersonic metal forming. The value between b1 and F represents the effect of linear change of refracted light data and direct change of gas flow. When the F value is 0, the reference value of gas data T is given by b0, which is used to represent the standard value of gas flow during low-temperature supersonic metal forming without laser interference.

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