A transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device and method, belong to electric power equipment technical field.The specific device includes transformer oil tank pressure relief module, on-load tap changer pressure relief module, oil and gas separation tank, gas discharge pipeline, nitrogen injection module, transformer protection control cabinet, oil-immersed cable oil tank pressure relief module and transformer module, specific method includes: collecting transformer data;According to the power factor / loss factor of transformer bushing current collected calculation;Set transformer capacitance, power factor / loss factor and the early warning threshold of partial discharge signal and judge whether data reaches corresponding early warning threshold;Any data reaches early warning threshold in judgment result, determine transformer fault, trigger early warning and carry out transformer pressure relief, realize transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring.The application realizes the pressure relief protection of transformer cable box, on-load tap changer module and main oil tank, and proposes online monitoring and fault diagnosis of key monitoring signals.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of power equipment, and particularly relates to a transformer explosion-proof technology, and more particularly to a transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, transformers are widely used in power transmission and distribution systems, but there is a risk of oil tank explosion and combustion during operation, especially under the condition of internal defects such as short circuit and arc fault.

[0003] In the prior art, transformer explosion is usually caused by low impedance fault and loss of oil insulation performance. The oil is vaporized, the gas generated increases in pressure due to liquid inertia, forms a pressure wave, and causes the transformer to explode. These explosions often result in expensive losses of power facilities. The prior art fails to effectively prevent transformer explosions and fires caused by internal faults, cannot realize real-time monitoring of transformer internal faults, and cannot timely relieve pressure after a fault.

[0004] The prior art does not explicitly provide pressure relief protection measures for the transformer oil tank, on-load tap changer, and oil-immersed cable oil tank pressure relief module in the key area of the transformer device, cannot realize online operation health state monitoring and diagnosis of transformer device data, and cannot timely know and obtain the direction of fault location after a transformer fault. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a transformer explosion-proof method, which can monitor multiple signals and prevent transformer explosion and fire through direct mechanical response once a transformer fault occurs.

[0006] The present application adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] The first aspect of the present application provides a transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device, comprising a transformer oil tank pressure relief module, an on-load tap changer pressure relief module, an oil and gas separation tank, a gas discharge pipeline, a nitrogen injection module, a transformer protection control cabinet, an oil-immersed cable oil tank pressure relief module, and a transformer module.

[0008] The transformer protection control cabinet is connected with the transformer module, used for monitoring faults of the transformer module and giving early warning, storing nitrogen, and triggering transformer pressure relief.

[0009] The nitrogen injection module is connected with the transformer module, used for injecting nitrogen into the transformer tank of the transformer module to cool the transformer and realize transformer explosion-proof.

[0010] The transformer module is connected to the transformer tank pressure reducing module, the on-load tap changer pressure reducing module, and the oil-immersed cable tank pressure reducing module to discharge oil and gas from the transformer tank, the on-load tap changer tank, and the cable box oil circuit of the transformer module.

[0011] The transformer tank pressure reducing module is connected to the oil and gas separator, and is used to transport the oil and gas in the transformer tank to the oil and gas separator;

[0012] The on-load tap changer pressure reducing module is connected to the oil and gas separator tank to transport the oil and gas in the on-load tap changer tank to the oil and gas separator tank.

[0013] The oil-immersed cable tank pressure reducing module is connected to the oil and gas separator to transport the oil and gas in the cable box oil circuit to the oil and gas separator.

[0014] The oil and gas separator is connected to a gas discharge line to separate gas from the oil.

[0015] Preferably, the transformer protection control cabinet includes a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a pressure relief control unit, and a nitrogen storage unit. The data acquisition unit is connected to the transformer module and is used for real-time monitoring of the transformer capacitance, transformer bushing current, and partial discharge signal. The data acquisition unit is also connected to the data processing unit and is used to transmit the acquired data to the data processing unit.

[0016] Preferably, the data processing unit is connected to the pressure relief control unit for receiving data, calculating power factor / loss factor, fault diagnosis, early warning, and sending early warning signals.

[0017] Preferably, the pressure relief control unit of the transformer protection control cabinet is connected to the transformer module for receiving early warning signals from the data processing unit. By releasing the mechanical energy of pressurized oil and gas, it triggers the oil and gas to be discharged from the transformer oil tank of the transformer module.

[0018] Preferably, the nitrogen storage unit of the transformer protection control cabinet is connected to the pressure relief control unit. The nitrogen storage unit is used to store nitrogen and receive the pressure relief signal from the pressure relief control unit to discharge nitrogen.

[0019] The nitrogen storage unit of the transformer protection control cabinet is connected to the nitrogen injection module and is used to discharge nitrogen into the nitrogen injection module.

[0020] Preferably, the nitrogen storage unit of the transformer protection control cabinet is located in the safe area of ​​the transformer module. It is connected to the sensing devices and oil and gas separator circuit on the transformer box of the transformer module via cables to realize fault detection and oil and gas separation control, while storing explosion-proof nitrogen.

[0021] Preferably, the end of the gas discharge pipeline is located in the safety area of ​​the transformer module, and is used to discharge the gas after oil-gas separation in the oil and gas separator to a remote area.

[0022] The second aspect of this invention provides a method for transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring, which operates within the transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device described in the first aspect of this invention, comprising:

[0023] Collect transformer data, including transformer capacitance, transformer bushing current, and partial discharge signal;

[0024] Calculate the power factor / loss factor based on the collected transformer bushing current;

[0025] Set warning thresholds for transformer capacitance, power factor / loss factor, and partial discharge signal, and determine whether the transformer capacitance, power factor / loss factor, and partial discharge signal have reached the corresponding warning thresholds;

[0026] Once any data in the judgment result reaches the warning threshold, a transformer fault is determined, an early warning is triggered, and the transformer is depressurized to achieve transformer explosion protection and fault monitoring.

[0027] Preferably, the loss factor is obtained by comparing the transformer bushing current with the standard current when there is no fault.

[0028] The power factor is obtained by comparing the ratio of the transformer bushing current to the vector sum of the transformer bushing current and the standard current in the absence of a fault.

[0029] Preferably, when the partial discharge signal is greater than the set threshold, the location of the defect in the transformer tank is located based on the propagation time and speed of the acoustic signal from the partial discharge power source to the tank wall, and a fault warning is triggered.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following:

[0031] This invention provides pressure relief protection measures for cable boxes, on-load tap changer modules, and main oil tanks in key equipment areas of transformers. This invention proposes online monitoring status assessment and intelligent fault diagnosis of equipment in key areas of transformer equipment based on key monitoring signals of capacitance, power factor, and frequency response partial discharge. After a fault occurs, R&D personnel can further determine the cause of the fault based on the early warning information, which provides guidance for subsequent processing.

[0032] This invention can quickly respond to the increase in internal pressure of the transformer after an accident, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of equipment fault diagnosis and processing, and effectively preventing transformer explosions and fires.

[0033] It reduces the costly losses caused by transformer explosions, resulting in significant economic and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a transformer power factor calculation method provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of transformer partial discharge signal acquisition provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this invention. The described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device, including: a transformer oil tank pressure reducing module 1, an on-load tap changer pressure reducing module 2, an oil and gas separator 3, a gas emission pipeline 4, a nitrogen injection module 5, a transformer protection control cabinet 6, an oil-immersed cable tank pressure reducing module 7, and a transformer module 8.

[0039] The transformer protection control cabinet 6 is connected to the transformer module 8 and is used to monitor the faults of the transformer module 8 and provide early warnings, store nitrogen, and trigger transformer depressurization.

[0040] The transformer protection control cabinet 6 includes a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a pressure relief control unit, and a nitrogen storage unit. The data acquisition unit is connected to the transformer module 8 and is used for real-time monitoring of the transformer capacitance, transformer bushing current, and partial discharge signal. The data acquisition unit is also connected to the data processing unit and is used to transmit the acquired data to the data processing unit.

[0041] The data processing unit is connected to the pressure relief control unit and is used for receiving data, calculating power factor / loss factor, fault diagnosis, early warning, and sending early warning signals.

[0042] The pressure relief control unit of the transformer protection control cabinet 6 is connected to the transformer module 8 and is used to receive the early warning signal of the data processing unit. By releasing the mechanical energy of the pressurized oil and gas, it triggers the oil and gas to be discharged from the transformer oil tank of the transformer module 8.

[0043] The nitrogen storage unit of transformer protection control cabinet 6 is connected to the pressure relief control unit. The nitrogen storage unit is used to store nitrogen and receive the pressure relief signal from the pressure relief control unit to release nitrogen.

[0044] The nitrogen storage unit of the transformer protection control cabinet 6 is connected to the nitrogen injection module 5 and is used to discharge nitrogen into the nitrogen injection module 5.

[0045] The nitrogen storage unit of the transformer protection control cabinet 6 is located in the safety area of ​​the transformer module 8. It is connected to the sensing equipment on the transformer box of the transformer module 8 and the oil and gas separator 3 via cable to realize fault detection and oil and gas separation control, while storing explosion-proof nitrogen.

[0046] Transformer module 8 is connected to transformer oil tank pressure reducing module 1, on-load tap changer pressure reducing module 2 and oil-immersed cable oil tank pressure reducing module 7, and is used to discharge oil and gas from the transformer oil tank, on-load tap changer oil tank and cable box oil circuit of transformer module 8 respectively.

[0047] The transformer oil tank pressure reducing module 1 is connected to the oil and gas separator 3 and is used to transport the main pressurized oil and gas in the transformer oil tank to the oil and gas separator 3.

[0048] The on-load tap changer pressure reducing module 2 is connected to the oil and gas separator tank and is used to transport the high-pressure oil and gas in the on-load tap changer oil tank to the oil and gas separator tank 3.

[0049] The oil-immersed cable tank pressure reducing module 7 is connected to the oil and gas separator 3 and is used to transport the high-pressure oil and gas in the transformer cable box oil circuit to the oil and gas separator 3 through the device.

[0050] Each branch pipeline of the oil and gas separator 3 is connected to the transformer oil tank pressure reducing module 1, the on-load tap changer pressure reducing module 2, and the oil-immersed cable oil tank pressure reducing module 7, for the absorption, storage, separation, and discharge of high-pressure oil and gas.

[0051] The oil and gas separator 3 is connected to the gas discharge pipeline 4. The end of the pipeline is located in the safety area of ​​the principle transformer and is connected to 3 for the discharge of high-pressure gas after oil and gas separation.

[0052] The end of the gas discharge pipeline 4 is located in the safety area of ​​the transformer module 8, and is used to discharge the gas after oil-gas separation in the oil and gas separator 3 to a remote area.

[0053] Nitrogen injection module 5 is connected to transformer module 8 and is used to inject nitrogen into the transformer tank of transformer module 8 to cool the transformer and achieve transformer explosion protection.

[0054] The nitrogen injection module 5 is connected to the transformer protection control cabinet 6. Once the module is activated due to an electrical fault, nitrogen is injected from the transformer protection control cabinet 6 into the transformer tank through the nitrogen injection module 5, which serves to cool and prevent explosions.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following:

[0056] This invention provides pressure relief protection measures for cable boxes, on-load tap changer modules, and main oil tanks in key equipment areas of transformers. This invention proposes online monitoring status assessment and intelligent fault diagnosis of equipment in key areas of transformer equipment based on key monitoring signals of capacitance, power factor, and frequency response partial discharge. After a fault occurs, R&D personnel can further determine the cause of the fault based on the early warning information, which provides guidance for subsequent processing.

[0057] This invention can quickly respond to the increase in internal pressure of the transformer after an accident, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of equipment fault diagnosis and processing, and effectively preventing transformer explosions and fires.

[0058] It reduces the costly losses caused by transformer explosions, resulting in significant economic and social benefits.

[0059] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring method, which operates on the transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device described in Embodiment 1, and includes:

[0060] Step 1: Collect transformer data, including transformer capacitance, transformer bushing current, and partial discharge signal;

[0061] Data on partial discharge phenomena and discharge locations were collected and analyzed, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the control cabinet acquisition point 10 acquires the partial discharge signal from the partial discharge acquisition point 9.

[0062] Step 2: Calculate the power factor / loss factor based on the transformer bushing current collected in Step 1;

[0063] Solve for the transformer capacitance and power factor / loss factor (PF / DF), such as Figure 2 As shown: the loss factor, also known as tan(δ), is calculated by the tangent of the angle δ between the measured current and the ideal current that would occur without loss; the power factor is the cosine of the angle φ between the output voltage and the measured current, and is therefore also called cos(φ).

[0064] Through the transformer bushing current I R Compared with the standard current I of the non-faulty C The ratio tan(δ) is used to obtain the loss factor;

[0065] Through the transformer bushing current I RWith transformer bushing current I R and the standard current I without fault C The power factor is obtained by taking the ratio cos(φ) between the vector and I.

[0066] Step 3: Set warning thresholds for transformer capacitance, power factor / loss factor, and partial discharge signal, and determine whether the transformer capacitance, power factor / loss factor, and partial discharge signal have reached the corresponding warning thresholds;

[0067] Setting thresholds for capacitance and power factor / loss factor: Capacitance and power factor / loss factor measurements are used to inspect the insulation condition of power transformers and bushings. High oil conductivity, aging, and increased moisture content are symptoms of insulation aging, which also lead to increased losses. These losses can be quantified by measuring the power factor or loss factor. Capacitance exceeding the threshold indicates partial breakdown between the capacitive layers of the bushing. By measuring capacitance and losses, insulation problems can be detected before faults occur.

[0068] After the partial discharge signal is collected, it is analyzed and diagnosed at the control cabinet. It is compared with the set threshold for partial discharge phenomena and discharge locations. Once the partial discharge is abnormal, the control cabinet will give corresponding handling measures to avoid transformer explosion accidents caused by partial discharge.

[0069] Step 4: Once any data in the judgment results reaches the warning threshold, a transformer fault is determined, an early warning is triggered, and the transformer is depressurized to achieve transformer explosion protection and fault monitoring.

[0070] Based on the results of the determination of capacitance, power factor / loss factor and set threshold, determine whether the fault is an insulation aging fault.

[0071] Based on the partial discharge phenomenon and the determination results of the discharge location and the set threshold, it is determined whether the fault is due to aging, contamination or defects in the insulation material between different voltage potentials of the transformer.

[0072] Multiple acoustic wave sensors are magnetically mounted on the surface of the power transformer tank. Each sensor measures the propagation time of the acoustic signal from the partial discharge source to the tank wall. Through acoustic partial discharge measurement, weaknesses or defects in the insulation can be accurately located. The data collected by these sensors are compared simultaneously to accurately identify the defect location. When the partial discharge signal exceeds a set threshold, the location of the defect inside the transformer tank is located based on the propagation time and speed of the acoustic signal from the partial discharge source to the tank wall, triggering a fault warning.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device, comprising a transformer tank pressure reducing module (1), an on-load tap changer pressure reducing module (2), an oil and gas separator (3), a gas emission pipeline (4), a nitrogen injection module (5), a transformer protection control cabinet (6), an oil-immersed cable tank pressure reducing module (7), and a transformer module (8), characterized in that: The transformer protection control cabinet (6) is connected to the transformer module (8) and is used to monitor the faults of the transformer module (8) and provide early warning, store nitrogen, and trigger transformer depressurization. The nitrogen injection module (5) is connected to the transformer module (8) and is used to inject nitrogen into the transformer box of the transformer module (8) to cool the transformer and achieve transformer explosion protection. The transformer module (8) is connected to the transformer tank pressure reducing module (1), the on-load tap changer pressure reducing module (2) and the oil-immersed cable tank pressure reducing module (7) to discharge oil and gas from the transformer tank, the on-load tap changer tank and the cable box oil circuit of the transformer module (8). The transformer tank pressure reducing module (1) is connected to the oil and gas separator (3) to transport the oil and gas in the transformer tank to the oil and gas separator (3); The on-load tap changer pressure reducing module (2) is connected to the oil and gas separator (3) to transport the oil and gas in the on-load tap changer oil tank to the oil and gas separator (3); The oil-immersed cable tank pressure reducing module (7) is connected to the oil and gas separator (3) to transport the oil and gas in the cable box oil circuit to the oil and gas separator (3); The oil and gas separator (3) is connected to the gas discharge line (4) for separating the gas from the oil.

2. The transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transformer protection control cabinet (6) includes a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a pressure relief control unit and a nitrogen storage unit. The data acquisition unit is connected to the transformer module (8) and is used for real-time monitoring of transformer capacitance, transformer bushing current and partial discharge signal. The data acquisition unit is connected to the data processing unit and is used to transmit the acquired data to the data processing unit.

3. The transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The data processing unit is connected to the pressure relief control unit and is used for receiving data, calculating power factor / loss factor, fault diagnosis, early warning, and sending early warning signals.

4. The transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure relief control unit of the transformer protection control cabinet (6) is connected to the transformer module (8) for receiving the early warning signal of the data processing unit. By releasing the pressurized oil and gas mechanical energy, it triggers the oil and gas to be discharged from the transformer oil tank of the transformer module (8).

5. The transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrogen storage unit of the transformer protection control cabinet (6) is connected to the pressure relief control unit. The nitrogen storage unit is used to store nitrogen and receive the pressure relief signal from the pressure relief control unit to discharge nitrogen. The nitrogen storage unit of the transformer protection control cabinet (6) is connected to the nitrogen injection module (5) to discharge nitrogen into the nitrogen injection module (5).

6. The transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nitrogen storage unit of the transformer protection control cabinet (6) is located in the safe area of ​​the transformer module (8). It is connected to the sensing device and oil and gas separator (3) on the transformer box of the transformer module (8) by cable to realize fault detection and oil and gas separation control, and at the same time store explosion-proof nitrogen.

7. The transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the gas discharge pipeline (4) is located in the safe area of ​​the transformer module (8) and is used to discharge the gas after oil and gas separation in the oil and gas separator (3) to a remote area.

8. A method for transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring, operating within the transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Collect transformer data, including transformer capacitance, transformer bushing current, and partial discharge signal; Calculate the power factor / loss factor based on the collected transformer bushing current; Set warning thresholds for transformer capacitance, power factor / loss factor, and partial discharge signal, and determine whether the transformer capacitance, power factor / loss factor, and partial discharge signal have reached the corresponding warning thresholds; Once any data in the judgment result reaches the warning threshold, a transformer fault is determined, an early warning is triggered, and the transformer is depressurized to achieve transformer explosion protection and fault monitoring.

9. A transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The loss factor is obtained by comparing the transformer bushing current with the standard current when there is no fault. The power factor is obtained by comparing the ratio of the transformer bushing current to the vector sum of the transformer bushing current and the standard current in the absence of a fault.

10. A transformer explosion-proof and fault monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the partial discharge signal exceeds the set threshold, the location of the defect inside the transformer tank is located based on the propagation time and speed of the acoustic signal from the partial discharge power source to the tank wall, and a fault warning is triggered.

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