Circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem and electromagnetic wave transceiver array system

Abstract

The present invention provides a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem and an electromagnetic wave transceiver array system. The subsystem includes a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer and a third metal layer stacked in sequence. A second feeding cavity is formed between the second metal layer and the third metal layer. The first metal layer includes a plurality of annularly arranged antenna structures. Each antenna structure is rotated in sequence along the arrangement direction by a predetermined angle. The antenna structure also has a feeding column and a feeding disk on the side facing the first dielectric layer. The feeding disk is located in the second feeding cavity. Through the setting of the feeding disk, phase differences are formed in sequence between each first feeding cavity, thereby forming the conditions for rotating feeding, reducing energy loss, and thus achieving good circular polarization characteristics. There is no need to use a "tree-shaped" structure such as a power divider, so that the distance between adjacent antenna structures can be reduced, the volume of the electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem can be reduced, and the aperture efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of air conditioning, and more specifically, relates to a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem and an electromagnetic wave transceiver array system. Background Art

[0002] Circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver systems can overcome the effects of multipath reflection in electromagnetic wave transmission, so circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver systems (antennas and arrays) have important applications in fields such as communications and radar. Among them, sequential rotation feeding (the feeding amplitudes of the four units are equal, the phase difference is 90 degrees in sequence, and they are rotated 90 degrees in space) is an effective method to realize 2×2 array antennas and larger antenna systems. However, when applying this sequential rotation feeding, it is generally necessary to design a microstrip or waveguide power divider and phase shifter structure. In order to achieve the corresponding phase difference, it is often necessary to occupy a large space, which often leads to a large volume of the overall feeding system, and then it is difficult to reduce the unit spacing in the 2×2 antenna system. The overall antenna array aperture is large, which greatly reduces the freedom of array layout, and there is inevitably loss in the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the feeding system. A larger feeding system often leads to greater energy loss. Therefore, the conventional sequential rotation feeding scheme will cause greater energy loss, and a larger antenna array aperture often leads to lower aperture utilization. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem and an electromagnetic wave transceiver array system to solve the technical problems of large volume, large energy loss and low aperture efficiency existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem, comprising a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer and a third metal layer which are stacked in sequence, a first metal sidewall is arranged in the first dielectric layer, a second metal sidewall is arranged in the second dielectric layer, the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the first metal sidewall form a plurality of first feeding cavities, the second metal layer, the third metal layer and the second metal sidewall form a second feeding cavity for feeding the first feeding cavity, the first metal layer comprises a plurality of annularly arranged antenna structures, each of the first feeding cavities is respectively used to feed the corresponding antenna structure, each of the antenna structures is arranged to be rotated in sequence by a predetermined angle along the arrangement direction, the product of the predetermined angle and the number of the antenna structures is 360 degrees, the antenna structure also has a feeding post on the side facing the first dielectric layer, one end of the feeding post is connected to the antenna structure, the other end of the feeding post extends into the second feeding cavity, and the feeding post is located at one end of the second feeding cavity and has a feeding disk.

[0005] Optionally, the antenna structure includes a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line and a third microstrip line arranged in sequence, and also includes a fourth microstrip line connecting the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line, a first gap is formed between the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line, and a second gap is formed between the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line; the feeding column is connected to the second microstrip line.

[0006] Optionally, both ends of the fourth microstrip line are connected to a short-circuit structure, and one end of the short-circuit structure away from the fourth microstrip line is connected to the second metal layer.

[0007] Optionally, the first microstrip line has a first cut-angle structure on a side away from the first gap, the fourth microstrip line has a second cut-angle structure, and the first cut-angle structure and the second cut-angle structure are arranged diagonally.

[0008] Optionally, the length of the first gap is smaller than the length of the second gap.

[0009] Optionally, the second metal layer is provided with a plurality of circular hole structures, each of the circular hole structures and each of the first feeding cavities are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and the circular hole structures, the feeding plate and the feeding column are coaxially arranged.

[0010] Optionally, the first metal layer also includes a metal base layer, which is provided with a plurality of first through holes, and each of the antenna structures is located in a corresponding first through hole, and the two ends of the first metal side wall are respectively connected to the metal base layer and the second metal layer, and the first metal side wall includes a plurality of first metal columns extending along the edge of the first through hole; the second metal side wall includes a plurality of second metal columns arranged at intervals and forming a rectangle.

[0011] Optionally, the number of the antenna structures is four, and the phase difference between two adjacent antenna structures is 90 degrees.

[0012] The present invention also provides an electromagnetic wave transceiver array system, comprising the above-mentioned circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem.

[0013] Optionally, a power divider is also included, and an output end of the power divider is connected to each of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystems.

[0014] The circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem and the electromagnetic wave transceiver array system provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: compared with the prior art, the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem of the present invention comprises a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer and a third metal layer which are sequentially stacked, a plurality of first feeding cavities are formed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, a second feeding cavity is formed between the second metal layer and the third metal layer, the first metal layer comprises a plurality of antenna structures, each antenna structure is sequentially rotated by a predetermined angle along the annular arrangement direction, and a feed disk which is arranged in the second feeding cavity and is connected to the antenna structure can cause an electric field disturbance in the second feeding cavity, thereby causing two adjacent first feeding cavities to form a phase difference in sequence. In this way, by sequentially rotating and arranging each antenna structure, and by setting the feed disk, a phase difference is sequentially formed between each first feeding cavity, thereby forming the conditions for rotating feeding, reducing energy loss, and thus achieving good circular polarization characteristics. Without using a "tree-shaped" structure such as a power divider, the distance between adjacent antenna structures can be reduced, the volume of the electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem can be reduced, and the aperture efficiency can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 An exploded structural diagram of a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 A front view of a first metal layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 A front view of a second metal layer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 A front view of a third dielectric layer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 A front view of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention at a feed plate;

[0022] Figure 7 A curve showing the relationship between the circular polarization axial ratio characteristic of the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the length of the first gap and the length of the second gap;

[0023] Figure 8 A relationship curve between the circular polarization axial ratio characteristic, the resonant frequency and the distance between the first gap and the second gap of the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Fig. 9 (a) is a simulation diagram of the electric field at the second feeding cavity of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem (without a feeding plate) provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Fig. 9 (b) is a simulation diagram of the electric field at the feeding plate at time 0 of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Fig. 9 (c) is a simulation diagram of the electric field at the feeding plate at time T / 4 of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Fig.10 A simulation result diagram of the reflection coefficient of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.11 A simulation result diagram of the gain and axial ratio of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.12 A front view of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Among them, the reference numerals in the figure are:

[0031] 11-first metal layer; 111-antenna structure; 1111-first microstrip line; 1112-second microstrip line; 1113-third microstrip line; 1114-fourth microstrip line; 1115-first gap; 1116-second gap; 1117-first angle-cut structure; 1118-second angle-cut structure; 112-metal base layer; 1120-first through hole; 113-feeding post; 114-feeding plate; 115-short-circuit structure; 12-second metal layer; 121-circular hole structure; 13-third metal layer; 14-fourth metal layer; 21-first dielectric layer; 211-first metal side wall; 22-second dielectric layer; 221-second metal side wall; 23-third dielectric layer; 231-third metal side wall; 2311-side wall structure; 2312-side wall surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0034] It should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by terms such as "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0035] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0036] The circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention is now described.

[0037] Please also read Figures 1 to 4 The circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem includes a first metal layer 11, a first dielectric layer 21, a second metal layer 12, a second dielectric layer 22 and a third metal layer 13 which are stacked in sequence. A first metal sidewall 211 is arranged in the first dielectric layer 21, a second metal sidewall 221 is arranged in the second dielectric layer 22, the first metal layer 11, the second metal layer 12 and the first metal sidewall 211 form a plurality of first feeding cavities, the second metal layer 12, the third metal layer 13 and the second metal sidewall 221 form a second feeding cavity for feeding the first feeding cavity, and the first metal Layer 11 includes a plurality of annularly arranged antenna structures 111, each first feeding cavity is used to feed the corresponding antenna structure 111, each antenna structure 111 is rotated in sequence along the arrangement direction by a predetermined angle, the product of the predetermined angle and the number of antenna structures 111 is 360 degrees, and the antenna structure 111 also has a feeding post 113 on the side facing the first dielectric layer 21, one end of the feeding post 113 is connected to the antenna structure 111, and the other end of the feeding post 113 extends into the second feeding cavity, and the feeding post 113 is located at one end of the second feeding cavity and has a feeding disk 114.

[0038] The first metal layer 11, the second metal layer 12 and the third metal layer 13 are all made of metal, such as copper. The first dielectric layer 21 and the second dielectric layer 22 are both made of non-metallic materials, such as glass fiber materials or ceramic materials.

[0039] The first metal layer 11 includes a plurality of antenna structures 111, and the plurality of antenna structures 111 are arranged in a ring, and each antenna structure 111 is arranged in turn by a predetermined angle along the arrangement direction, and the product of the predetermined angle and the number of antenna structures 111 is 360 degrees. The number of antenna structures 111 is N, and the predetermined angle is 360 / N. It can be understood that the plurality of antenna structures 111 are arranged in a ring around the rotation center in turn, and in the clockwise direction or the counterclockwise direction, the first antenna structure 111 rotates 360 / N along the first direction to form the second antenna structure 111, and the second antenna structure 111 rotates 360 / N along the first direction to form the third antenna structure 111, and thus, antenna structures 111 with different placement directions are formed. Among them, the first direction is the clockwise direction or the counterclockwise direction.

[0040] A first metal sidewall 211 is provided in the first dielectric layer 21. The first metal sidewall 211 may be a solid metal sidewall or a metal sidewall formed by a plurality of metal pillars. The two ends of the first metal sidewall 211 are respectively connected to the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12, and the first metal sidewall 211 forms a first feeding cavity together with the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12. The number of first feeding cavities is N, and the number of first feeding cavities is the same as that of antenna structures 111, and each first feeding cavity feeds each antenna structure 111 one by one.

[0041] A second metal sidewall 221 is disposed in the second dielectric layer 22. The second metal sidewall 221 may be a solid metal sidewall or a metal sidewall formed by a plurality of metal pillars. Both ends of the second metal sidewall 221 are connected to the second metal layer 12 and the third metal layer 13, and the second metal sidewall 221, the second metal layer 12, and the third metal layer 13 together form a second feeding cavity.

[0042] The first feeding cavity and the second feeding cavity are interconnected. The second feeding cavity is used to feed the first feeding cavity. Each first feeding cavity is used to feed each antenna structure 111.

[0043] See also Figure 6 One end of the feed post 113 extends to the side of the antenna structure 111 facing the first dielectric layer 21, and the other end of the feed post 113 extends into the second feed cavity, and a feed plate 114 is provided at one end of the feed post 113 located in the second feed cavity. Each antenna structure 111 is correspondingly provided with a feed post 113 and a feed plate 114.

[0044] The aperture efficiency of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array system, η =G / (4πA / λ 2 ), where G is the system gain, A is the radiation aperture size, and λ corresponds to the wavelength of the corresponding operating frequency. Based on this formula, it can be seen that improving the aperture efficiency can be achieved by increasing the system gain and reducing the aperture size. The present invention starts with reducing the aperture size to achieve the improvement of the aperture efficiency. Specifically, by setting the feeding disk 114 in the second feeding cavity, the electric field distribution in the second feeding cavity can be disturbed, forming the conditions for rotary feeding, thereby achieving good left-hand circular polarization characteristics, without the need to set a power divider feeding network, and the required volume is small.

[0045] Specifically, when the feeding plate 114 is not provided, the resonance mode in the second feeding cavity is a standard TE410 mode (eg Fig. 9 (a) shows that this mode is not suitable for circular polarization rotation feeding. In order to realize circular polarization rotation feeding, the conventional feeding method is to set a feeding network such as a power divider to realize the amplitude and phase requirements of sequential rotation feeding. The power divider is a tree-branch structure, which requires a larger layout space. The more output ends of the power divider, the larger the required volume (a certain distance is required between adjacent antenna structures 111). Therefore, the feeding network of sequential rotation feeding will result in a larger volume and aperture.

[0046] Combination Fig. 9 , F1, F2, F3, and F4 are the corresponding positions of the four feeding plates 114, such as Fig. 9 (b) shows the electric field distribution in the second feeding cavity at t=0 in one cycle, as shown in Fig. 9 (c) shows the electric field distribution in the second feeding cavity at t=T / 4 in one cycle. Fig. 9 In (b), the field distribution at this time is TE410 mode, the electric field at F1 is reversed, and the feeding is canceled, which is equivalent to not feeding the antenna structure 111 corresponding to F1, the electric field at F2 is in the same direction, the feeding is superimposed, and the antenna structure 111 corresponding to F2 is fed, the electric field at F3 is reversed, and the feeding is canceled, which is equivalent to not feeding the antenna structure 111 corresponding to F3, the electric field at F4 is in the same direction, the feeding is superimposed, and the antenna structure 111 corresponding to F4 is fed. Fig. 9In (c), the field distribution at this time forms another resonance mode due to the disturbance of the feeding disk 114. The electric field at F1 presents an in-phase maximum value, and the antenna structure 111 at F1 is fed. The field near F2 presents a reverse feeding cancellation, and the corresponding antenna structure 111 at F2 is not fed. The electric field at F3 presents an in-phase maximum value, and the antenna structure 111 at F3 is fed. The field near F4 presents a reverse feeding cancellation, and the corresponding antenna structure 111 at F4 is not fed. In this way, after the feeding disk 114 is set, the feeding disk 114 is coupled with the second feeding cavity, forming a micro-disturbance to the electric field in the second feeding cavity, satisfying the conditions for rotational feeding, thereby achieving good circular polarization characteristics.

[0047] The circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem in the above embodiment includes a first metal layer 11, a first dielectric layer 21, a second metal layer 12, a second dielectric layer 22 and a third metal layer 13 which are stacked in sequence, a plurality of first feeding cavities are formed between the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12, a second feeding cavity is formed between the second metal layer 12 and the third metal layer 13, the first metal layer 11 includes a plurality of antenna structures 111, each antenna structure 111 is arranged to rotate in sequence at a predetermined angle along the annular arrangement direction, and a feeding disk 114 which is arranged in the second feeding cavity and is connected to the antenna structure 111 can cause an electric field disturbance in the second feeding cavity, thereby causing a phase difference to be formed in sequence between two adjacent first feeding cavities. In this way, by rotating and arranging each antenna structure 111 in sequence in the structure, and by setting the feeding disk 114, a phase difference is formed in sequence between each first feeding cavity, thereby forming a condition for rotating feeding, reducing energy loss, and achieving good circular polarization characteristics. There is no need to use a "tree-shaped" structure such as a power divider, so the distance between adjacent antenna structures 111 can be reduced, the volume of the electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem can be reduced, and the aperture efficiency can be improved.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the number of antenna structures 111 is four, and the phase difference between two adjacent antenna structures 111 is 90 degrees. For example, when the phase of the first antenna structure 111 is 0 degrees, the phase of the second antenna structure 111 is 90 degrees, the phase of the third antenna structure 111 is 180 degrees, and the phase of the third antenna structure 111 is 270 degrees, thereby realizing rotary feeding. When the number of antenna structures 111 is too large, the subsystem structure is complex, the space occupied is large, and the size of the antenna structure 111 will also be limited. When the number of antenna structures 111 is too small, the phase difference between adjacent antenna structures 111 is too large, which will affect the circular polarization characteristics of the subsystem. Therefore, the number of antenna structures 111 can be set to four.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 5 and Figure 6 The antenna structure 111 includes a first microstrip line 1111, a second microstrip line 1112, and a third microstrip line 1113 that are sequentially spaced apart, and also includes a fourth microstrip line 1114 that connects the first microstrip line 1111, the second microstrip line 1112, and the third microstrip line 1113. A first gap 1115 is formed between the first microstrip line 1111 and the second microstrip line 1112, and a second gap 1116 is formed between the second microstrip line 1112 and the third microstrip line 1113. The feeding column 113 is connected to the second microstrip line 1112. The first microstrip line 1111, the second microstrip line 1112, the third microstrip line 1113, and the fourth microstrip line 1114 are all long strip structures, and these four microstrip lines form an antenna structure 111. The first microstrip line 1111 , the second microstrip line 1112 , and the third microstrip line 1113 are connected to the same side of the fourth microstrip line 1114 , so that the antenna structure 111 is “E” shaped.

[0050] The first gap 1115 between the first microstrip line 1111 and the second microstrip line 1112 and the second gap 1116 between the second microstrip line 1112 and the third microstrip line 1113 are both for realizing circular polarization of the antenna structure 111. By adjusting the length of the first gap 1115 and the length of the second gap 1116, the axial ratio of the antenna structure 111 can be optimized and the circular polarization performance of the antenna structure 111 can be improved.

[0051] In some embodiments, the antenna structure 111 is rectangular or roughly rectangular in shape, and the first gap 1115 and the second gap 1116 are opened on the long side of the rectangle, and the long side is the longer side of the rectangle. The length of the antenna structure 111 is 0.5mm to 0.7mm, and the width is 0.4mm to 0.5mm.

[0052] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 The length of the first gap 1115 is smaller than the length of the second gap 1116. When the lengths of the two gaps are different, the axial ratio of the antenna structure 111 is within a reasonable range. In other embodiments, the length of the first gap 1115 may also be greater than the length of the second gap 1116.

[0053] Optionally, the length of the first gap 1115 is 0.2 mm to 0.25 mm, and the length of the second gap 1116 is 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm.

[0054] Figure 7The relationship curve between the circular polarization axial ratio characteristics of the antenna structure 111 provided in the embodiment of the present invention and the length of the first gap 1115 and the length of the second gap 1116 is that the length of the antenna structure 111 used is 0.6 mm, the width is 0.44 mm, the distance between the first gap 1115 and the second gap 1116 is 0.16 mm, the lengths of the first gap 1115 are 0.21 mm, 0.23 mm, and 0.25 mm, respectively, and the lengths of the second gap 1116 are 0.24 mm, 0.36 mm, and 0.4 mm, respectively. Figure 7 It can be found that adjusting the length of the first gap 1115 and the second gap 1116 can optimize the axial ratio. An axial ratio less than 3 dB indicates that good circular polarization characteristics are achieved.

[0055] Figure 8 The relationship curve between the circular polarization axial ratio characteristic, the resonant frequency and the distance between the first gap 1115 and the second gap 1116 of the antenna structure 111 provided in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 , where the distance between the first gap 1115 and the second gap 1116 is WS0. Figure 8 It can be seen from the figure that when WS0 is 0.15 mm, 0.16 mm, and 0.17 mm, respectively, the relationship between the axial ratio and the frequency is such that the resonant frequency corresponding to the axial ratio of the antenna structure 111 can be adjusted by adjusting WS0.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 6 Both ends of the fourth microstrip line 1114 are connected to a short-circuit structure 115, and one end of the short-circuit structure 115 away from the fourth microstrip line 1114 is connected to the second metal layer 12. There are two short-circuit structures 115, one end of the short-circuit structure 115 is connected to one end of the fourth microstrip line 1114, and the other end of the short-circuit structure 115 is connected to the second metal layer 12.

[0057] In a conventional antenna structure, generally only one feeding post 113 is used to feed the antenna structure. However, in this embodiment, by providing two short-circuit structures 115, the reflection coefficient of the antenna structure 111 can be optimized without destroying the circular polarization performance.

[0058] In some embodiments, the short-circuit structure 115 is a metal column, which is convenient for manufacturing and forming.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 5, the first microstrip line 1111 has a first cut-corner structure 1117 on the side away from the first gap 1115, and the fourth microstrip line 1114 has a second cut-corner structure 1118, and the first cut-corner structure 1117 and the second cut-corner structure 1118 are arranged diagonally. The antenna structure 111 is arranged roughly in a rectangular shape, and the two diagonals of the rectangle are the first cut-corner structure 1117 and the second cut-corner structure 1118, respectively, and the first cut-corner structure 1117 and the second cut-corner structure 1118 are equivalent to the hypotenuse structure formed by cutting off the corners of the rectangle. One side of the first microstrip line 1111 is the edge of the first gap 1115, and the side of the first microstrip line 1111 away from the first gap 1115 is one of the short sides of the antenna structure 111.

[0060] The circular polarization performance of the antenna structure 111 can be improved by setting the first angle-cut structure 1117 and the second angle-cut structure 1118. The first gap 1115, the second gap 1116, the first angle-cut structure 1117 and the second angle-cut structure 1118 are set at the same time. Firstly, the circular polarization performance can be improved to a greater extent and the circular polarization bandwidth can be increased; secondly, the gap and the angle-cut structure are used together to optimize the radiation pattern. A single angle-cut structure or a gap will cause the radiation pattern of the antenna to be distorted (because of the introduction of structural asymmetry). When the two are used at the same time, this radiation pattern distortion can be corrected to ensure that the radiation pattern of the antenna remains unchanged compared to when there is no angle cut and gap.

[0061] In some embodiments, the oblique sides formed by the first cut-angle structure 1117 and the second cut-angle structure 1118 are arranged parallel to each other, which can improve the circular polarization performance of the antenna structure 111.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 3 The second metal layer 12 is provided with a plurality of circular hole structures 121, each of which corresponds to each first feeding cavity, and the circular hole structure 121, the feeding plate 114 and the feeding column 113 are coaxially arranged. The circular hole structure 121 is used to connect the first feeding cavity and the second feeding cavity, and the second feeding cavity feeds each first feeding cavity through each circular hole structure 121.

[0063] By coaxially arranging the circular hole structure 121, the feeding plate 114 and the feeding pole 113, the distances between various circumferential parts of the feeding plate 114 and various parts of the inner wall of the circular hole structure 121 can be made the same, so that the disturbances in various directions of the second feeding cavity are balanced and the amplitudes of various antenna structures 111 are kept consistent.

[0064] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 2 and Figure 3, the first metal layer 11 also includes a metal base layer 112, the metal base layer 112 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 1120, each antenna structure 111 is respectively located in the corresponding first through hole 1120, the two ends of the first metal side wall 211 are respectively connected to the metal base layer 112 and the second metal layer 12, the first metal side wall 211 includes a plurality of first metal pillars extending and distributed along the edge of the first through hole 1120; the second metal side wall 221 includes a plurality of second metal pillars arranged at intervals and enclosed in a rectangular shape. The number of the first through holes 1120 is the same as the number of the antenna structures 111, and one antenna structure 111 is correspondingly arranged in each first through hole 1120. For example, when the number of the antenna structures 111 is four, the structure of the first through holes 1120 is also four, so that the metal base layer 112 is in a field shape. The first metal side wall 211 is extended and distributed along the edge of each first through hole 1120, and the first metal side wall 211 formed by the arrangement of the plurality of first metal pillars is also in a field shape. The structure surrounded by the first metal sidewall 211 is a first substrate integrated waveguide, and the structure surrounded by the second metal sidewall 221 is a second substrate integrated waveguide. The plurality of first through holes 1120 are all located in the area surrounded by the second metal sidewall 221 .

[0065] A plurality of first metal pillars surround the first metal sidewall 211, and a plurality of second metal pillars surround the second metal sidewall 221, so that the first feeding cavity and the second feeding cavity are formed by substrate integrated waveguide, the processing technology is mature, and the processing cost is low. In other embodiments, the first metal sidewall 211 and the second metal sidewall 221 can also be formed by other methods.

[0066] In some embodiments, the third metal layer 13 is provided with a second through hole, which is rectangular and has a center facing the center of the structure surrounded by the second metal sidewall 221. The second through hole is provided to feed power to the second feeding cavity.

[0067] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 and Figure 4 The circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem further includes a third dielectric layer 23 and a fourth metal layer 14, wherein the third dielectric layer 23 is located between the third metal layer 13 and the fourth metal layer 14. A third metal sidewall 231 is disposed inside the third dielectric layer 23, and the third metal sidewall 231 is disposed in a rectangular shape. The third metal sidewall 231 may include a sidewall surface 2312 located at the sidewall of the third dielectric layer 23 and three sidewall structures 2311 each consisting of metal pillars, wherein the sidewall structure 2311 consisting of three metal pillars and the sidewall surface 2312 together form a rectangular structure.

[0068] Fig.10 A simulation result diagram of the reflection coefficient of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11A diagram showing simulation results of the gain and axial ratio of a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.10 and Fig.11 The antenna structure 111 used is Figure 2 The antenna structure 111 has a length of 0.6 mm and a width of 0.44 mm. The distance between the first gap 1115 and the second gap 1116 is 0.16 mm. The length of the first gap 1115 is 0.23 mm, and the length of the second gap 1116 is 0.36 mm. Fig.10 and Fig.11 It can be seen that the S11 of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem is less than -10dB in the range of 145-158GHz; the axial ratio of the subsystem is less than 3dB; and the system gain is greater than 10dB. According to the formula of the aperture efficiency, it is calculated that the aperture efficiency at this time reaches 96%, which is much higher than the aperture efficiency of the conventional circularly polarized transceiver system.

[0069] See also Fig.12 The present invention further provides an electromagnetic wave transceiver array system, the electromagnetic wave transceiver array system comprising the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem in any of the above embodiments. The number of subsystems may be four, eight, etc., and the specific number is not limited here. Multiple circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystems may be arranged in a rectangular array.

[0070] The electromagnetic wave transceiver array system provided by the present invention adopts the above-mentioned circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem, including a first metal layer 11, a first dielectric layer 21, a second metal layer 12, a second dielectric layer 22 and a third metal layer 13 which are stacked in sequence, a plurality of first feeding cavities are formed between the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12, a second feeding cavity is formed between the second metal layer 12 and the third metal layer 13, the first metal layer 11 includes a plurality of antenna structures 111, each antenna structure 111 is arranged to rotate in sequence by a predetermined angle along the annular arrangement direction, and a feeding disk 114 which is arranged in the second feeding cavity and is connected to the antenna structure 111 can cause an electric field disturbance in the second feeding cavity, thereby causing a phase difference to be formed in sequence between two adjacent first feeding cavities. In this way, by rotating and arranging each antenna structure 111 in sequence, and by setting the feeding disk 114, a phase difference is formed in sequence between each first feeding cavity, thereby forming the conditions for rotating feeding, thereby achieving good circular polarization characteristics. There is no need to use a "tree-shaped" structure such as a power divider, so the distance between adjacent antenna structures 111 can be reduced, the volume of the electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem can be reduced, and the aperture efficiency can be improved.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Fig.12The electromagnetic wave transceiver array system also includes a power divider, and the output end of the power divider is connected to each circular polarization electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem. The power divider feeding network is a prior art, and its specific structure will not be described here.

[0072] In some embodiments, the number of circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystems is four, i.e., a 4×4 array, the number of antenna structures 111 in the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem is 16, and they share the first dielectric plate, the second metal layer 12, the second dielectric plate, the third metal layer 13, etc.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer and a third metal layer which are stacked in sequence, a first metal sidewall is arranged in the first dielectric layer, a second metal sidewall is arranged in the second dielectric layer, the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the first metal sidewall form a plurality of first feeding cavities, the second metal layer, the third metal layer and the second metal sidewall form a second feeding cavity for feeding the first feeding cavity, the first metal layer comprises a plurality of annularly arranged antenna structures, each of the first feeding cavities is respectively used to feed the corresponding antenna structure, each of the antenna structures is arranged to be rotated in sequence by a predetermined angle along the arrangement direction, the product of the predetermined angle and the number of the antenna structures is 360 degrees, the antenna structure further comprises a feeding post on the side facing the first dielectric layer, one end of the feeding post is connected to the antenna structure, the other end of the feeding post extends into the second feeding cavity, and the feeding post is provided with a feeding plate at one end of the second feeding cavity; The antenna structure comprises a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line and a third microstrip line which are arranged in sequence and spaced apart from each other, and further comprises a fourth microstrip line connecting the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line, a first gap is formed between the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line, and a second gap is formed between the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line; the feeding post is connected to the second microstrip line; Both ends of the fourth microstrip line are connected to a short-circuit structure, and one end of the short-circuit structure away from the fourth microstrip line is connected to the second metal layer; The first microstrip line has a first cut-angle structure on a side away from the first gap, the fourth microstrip line has a second cut-angle structure, and the first cut-angle structure and the second cut-angle structure are arranged diagonally; The length of the first gap is smaller than the length of the second gap.

2. The circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second metal layer is provided with a plurality of circular hole structures, each of the circular hole structures is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each of the first feeding cavities, and the circular hole structures, the feeding plate and the feeding column are coaxially arranged.

3. The circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal layer also includes a metal base layer, which is provided with a plurality of first through holes, and each of the antenna structures is located in a corresponding first through hole. The two ends of the first metal side wall are respectively connected to the metal base layer and the second metal layer. The first metal side wall includes a plurality of first metal columns extending along the edge of the first through hole; the second metal side wall includes a plurality of second metal columns arranged at intervals and forming a rectangle.

4. The circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the antenna structures is four, and the phase difference between two adjacent antenna structures is 90 degrees.

5. An electromagnetic wave transceiver array system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystems as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The electromagnetic wave transceiver array system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a power divider, and the output end of the power divider is connected to each of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transceiver subsystems.

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