Luminous glazing for vehicle, its manufacture, and vehicle comprising such luminous glazing

Abstract

The invention relates to a luminescent laminated glazing (100) for a vehicle, comprising an intermediate adhesive layer (3) made of a cross-linked polymer and forming a light guide between two glass sheets (1, 2).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a light-emitting glazing for a vehicle, in particular to a road vehicle glazing with light-emitting diodes.

[0002] Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used for many years to illuminate signal devices (traffic lights, etc.), turn signals or position lights of motor vehicles. The advantages of diodes are their long service life, their luminous efficacy, their reliability, their low energy consumption and their compactness, making the devices in which they are used more durable and requiring less maintenance.

[0003] Recently, LEDs have been used in motor vehicle roofs, in particular panoramic laminate roofs illuminated by LEDs. The light emitted by the diodes is introduced via an edge face into the inner glazing forming the guide, from which it is extracted by a scattering layer on the glazing.

[0004] Document WO2005054915 proposes, in its second embodiment, a light-emitting glazing for a passenger car, comprising two glass sheets and a central polymer interlayer made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) between the second and third inner faces, between two layers having a lower refractive index than the central layer, said layers being in particular MgF2 or Teflon. Scattering centers for light extraction are located on the central interlayer.

[0005] The present invention therefore seeks to develop an alternative illuminated vehicle glazing, in particular an optically simple and effective illuminated vehicle glazing.

[0006] To this end, the subject of the invention is an illuminated glazing for a vehicle, in particular for a road vehicle (car, truck, public transport: bus, coach, etc.) or rail vehicle (train, subway, tram), preferably curved, in particular a windshield, or a rear window, or even a side window, preferably a roof, including (curved) laminated glazing - transparent at least in the clear glass area - comprising:

[0007] a first sheet (curved, bent, transparent), made of mineral or organic (polymer) glass, possibly tinted or even overtinted, in particular grey or green, having a first main face and a second main face, said first and second main faces being bare or coated with a functional (transparent) coating (in particular up to 200 nm), (in particular the first face is facing the outside of the vehicle and is itself an exterior face, usually referred to as face F1, and the second face is face F2) or even the first sheet is intended to be an interior sheet, for example a first sheet having a refractive index of at least 1.5 in the visible range (nv or even corresponding to n1)

[0008] a second sheet (curved, bent, transparent), made of mineral or organic glass, preferably transparent or extra-transparent (colorless), having a third main face which is bare or coated with a functional (transparent) coating of up to 200 nm and a fourth main face which is bare or coated with a functional (transparent) coating of up to 200 nm, the second sheet being in particular intended to be an interior sheet (in particular, the third face facing the interior, usually called the F3 face of the vehicle, and the fourth face facing the passenger compartment, called the F4 face), or the second sheet being intended to be an exterior sheet, the second sheet having a refractive index n'v of at least 1.5 in the visible range (or even corresponding to n'1)

[0009] - a (transparent) polymer laminate interlayer in adhesive contact with the second (bare or coated) side and the third (bare or coated) side,

[0010] - a first upper layer having a refractive index n1 in the visible range, in particular forming part of an interlayer

[0011] - a first lower layer having a refractive index n'1 in the visible range, in particular forming part of an interlayer

[0012] - an interlayer having a refractive index n0 in the visible light range, between and in contact with the first lower layer and the first upper layer, wherein n0-n1 in the visible light range is at least 0.04 or at least 0.1 or at least 0.15 or 0.2 or 0.25, and n0-n'1 in the visible light range is at least 0.04 or at least 0.1 or at least 0.15 or 0.2 or 0.25,

[0013] a light source (in the visible range) optically coupled to an interlayer forming a light guide (preferably a single-layer light guide and the same film), in particular a transparent or even supertransparent interlayer,

[0014] - light extraction means for extracting the light guided in the interlayer,

[0015] The first upper layer is the first sheet or the first additional upper layer between the first sheet and the interlayer,

[0016] The first lower layer is the second sheet or a first additional lower layer between the second sheet and the interlayer.

[0017] According to the invention, the interlayer is an intermediate adhesive layer of a crosslinked polymer material having a thickness E0 of at most 2 mm (or even at most 1 mm) and at least 200 μm or even 400 μm, forming a full or partial lamination interlayer.

[0018] The invention consists in selecting a light guide having an adhesive layer made of a cross-linked polymer according to its mechanical properties and its ability to adhere to the glass sheet, etc., thereby bonding to the glass sheet and / or to other layers, adhesive interlayers if necessary. n0 can be selected based on n1 and n'1, or vice versa.

[0019] The first additional upper layer can optically isolate the intermediate adhesive layer from the first, in particular (over) colored sheet, and / or from possibly colored parts of the laminate interlayer, and / or from any elements (colored or absorbing, or which would interfere with the light or affect the light guiding).

[0020] The first additional lower layer may optically isolate the intermediate adhesive layer from the second sheet and / or from any elements that would interfere with or affect the light guide.

[0021] To facilitate guidance, the first upper layer (especially an additional adhesive layer, even a cross-linked polymer) is at least 500 nm thick, preferably at least 800 nm. Advantageously, the first additional upper layer is even at least 1 μm (especially if it is a coating, especially a cross-linked polymer) or 30 μm (especially if it is a film, especially a cross-linked polymer), and is preferably below the millimeter level.

[0022] To facilitate the guidance, the first lower layer (especially the additional adhesive layer, even the cross-linked polymer) is at least 500 nm thick, preferably at least 800 nm. Advantageously, the first additional lower layer is even at least 1 μm (especially if it is a coating, especially a cross-linked polymer) or 30 μm (especially if it is a film, especially a cross-linked polymer), and preferably below the millimeter level.

[0023] The thickness of the first additional upper layer and / or the lower layer may be adjusted (increased) to obtain a mechanical contribution.

[0024] In particular for the first additional upper layer, n1 is lower than the refractive index of any upper layer (transparent, tinted or clear) in contact with it opposite to the intermediate bonding layer: a crosslinked polymer (upper) bonding layer, a thermoplastic bonding film (PVB, EVA, etc.), a thermoplastic film, or even a first glass sheet, preferably mineral (with a refractive index nv of about 1.51 to 1.53) or organic (polycarbonate PC or poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA). This provides greater freedom in the choice of the light guide.

[0025] In particular for the first additional lower layer, n'1 is lower than the refractive index of the lower layer (transparent, preferably clear) in contact therewith opposite to the intermediate adhesive layer, said lower layer being selected from: a crosslinked polymer (lower) adhesive layer, a thermoplastic adhesive film (PVB or EVA or thermoplastic polyurethane (called TPU), especially if the second sheet is made of organic glass such as PC or PMMA), a thermoplastic film or a second sheet of mineral glass (usually with a refractive index of about 1.51 to 1.53) or organic glass (PC or PMMA). This provides greater freedom in the choice of the light guide.

[0026] Generally, the refractive index of PVB is 1.48, the refractive index of PC is about 1.56 to 1.59, or the refractive index of PMMA is about 1.47 to 1.49.

[0027] Preferably, at least one of the first and second glass panes intended for exterior glazing is made of mineral glass, in particular the first pane for the roof (in particular tinted) or the second pane for the rear window (in particular clear, colorless), the first or second pane for the windshield, the side windows (front or rear, including the rear window).

[0028] The intermediate bonding layer does not significantly absorb the light from the light source. In particular, the intermediate bonding layer is transparent or super transparent. Preferably, the second glass sheet and / or any underlying layer between the extraction device and the observer of the extracted light is transparent and colorless (in the passenger compartment, or on the vehicle exterior) and not tinted (or even over-tinted). Any layer (monochromatic or polychromatic) that significantly absorbs the extracted light should be avoided.

[0029] In contrast, the first sheet and / or one or more upper layers may be pigmented (in particular overpigmented).

[0030] For simplicity, the first additional upper layer and the lower layer are made of the same polymer (possibly dyed with an added dye), or even have the same thickness. One and / or the other may be aligned with the edge of the sandwich or protrude beyond the edge of the sandwich (all or part of the perimeter), in particular to create a recess to accommodate all or part of a light source (preferably a diode).

[0031] Light sources (peripheral, preferably offset from the clear glass, preferably diodes) can be removed, added, sold individually or as a kit. Naturally, once their light sources are installed, the intermediate adhesive layer is an operational light guide.

[0032] The bonding interlayer is an optical adhesive (OCA is an optically clear adhesive, LOCA if it is a liquid coating) with an ad hoc index n0. The advantages of this layer are its transparency, low haze and the ability to choose its thickness and refractive index n0. The interlayer has a thickness E0 that is sufficient to facilitate light injection and guidance, but is limited to avoid excessive thickness that would complicate assembly. It does not require one or more additional layers for bonding.

[0033] The adhesive interlayer can be a single layer, a self-supporting film or a coating on the second and / or third side (bare or already coated with a functional coating) or an adhesive coating on a support (eg a thermoplastic, in particular non-adhesive to glass).

[0034] In the present invention, the expression "crosslinked polymer" relates in the broad sense (any type of crosslinking) to the family of thermosetting (also called heat-curing) polymers.

[0035] The adhesive interlayer is preferably a single layer (coating or film), or for simplicity even a film.

[0036] If desired, the middle bonding layer is a cross-linked polymer multilayer including bonding light-conducting layers all having a refractive index greater than n1 and n'1. The upper light-conducting bonding layer (in contact with the first upper layer) then has a refractive index n0a, wherein n0a-n1 is at least 0.04 in the visible range, and n0a-n'1 is at least 0.04 in the visible range.

[0037] The lower lightguide bonding layer (in contact with the first lower layer) has a refractive index n0b, wherein n0b-n1 is at least 0.04 in the visible range, and n0b-n'1 is at least 0.04 in the visible range. For example, one of the upper or lower bonding lightguide layers is a coating and the other is a film.

[0038] Preferably, the difference in refractive index between the bonding light-conducting layers forming the multi-layer bonding interlayer is less than 0.1 or even less than 0.04. For example, the intermediate light-conducting bonding layer between the upper light-conducting bonding layer and the lower light-conducting bonding layer has a refractive index n0c greater than n0a and / or n0b. For example, the interlayer is an adhesive film (PSA, etc.), and the upper and lower light-conducting bonding layers are coatings on the adhesive film.

[0039] The thickness E0 then corresponds to the total multilayer thickness of the lightguide. The film can be thicker than the coating. Alternatively, there can be one bonding film (one of the upper or lower lightguide layers) with two bonding lightguide coatings (the interlayer and the other of the upper or lower lightguide layers).

[0040] One or more alternative non-bonding and / or thermoplastic bonding lightguide layers may be inserted into the intermediate bonding layer to form a multilayer lightguide, all of which have a refractive index greater than n1 and n'1.

[0041] The thickness of the replacement light-conducting layer or layers is preferably smaller than E0, in particular even smaller than E0 / 2.

[0042] Preferably, the difference in refractive index between the bonded lightguide layers forming the multi-layer bonded interlayer is less than 0.1 or even less than 0.04, or even zero.

[0043] The single or multi-layer adhesive interlayer may itself form a laminate interlayer. Alternatively, there may be a laminate interlayer with one or more further thermoplastic and / or cross-linked polymer adhesive layers between the second and third sides, while keeping the laminate interlayer as compact, mechanically efficient and transparent as possible and, for example, as non-scattering as possible, if necessary, in particular:

[0044] - 1 or 2 or 3 upper adhesive layers (optionally pigmented) between the second (optionally coated) face and the intermediate adhesive layer, in particular the first additional upper layer is an upper adhesive layer (thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer)

[0045] - and / or 1 or 2 or 3 lower adhesive layers between the intermediate adhesive layer and the third (optionally coated) side, in particular the first additional lower layer is a lower adhesive layer (thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer).

[0046] Preferably, the refractive index of any layer according to the present invention is defined as a reference value in the range of 550 nm to 600 nm.

[0047] Preferably, any cross-linked polymer adhesive film according to the invention other than the intermediate adhesive layer is at least 30 μm and preferably below the millimeter scale.

[0048] Preferably, any thermoplastic adhesive layer according to the present invention is a film.

[0049] Preferably, any thermoplastic adhesive film according to the present invention is not thicker than 1 mm or even not thicker than 0.5 mm.

[0050] Preferably, any ultra-thin glass (UTG) film according to the present invention has a thickness of at most 0.6 mm, and in particular a thickness of at least 0.1 mm.

[0051] Preferably, any non-adhesive thermoplastic film according to the invention has a thickness of at most 1 mm or even at most 0.5 mm or at most 0.3 mm.

[0052] Preferably, any film according to the invention is flexible and thus bends along the curvature of the glazing.

[0053] Preferably, the absolute difference between n'1 and n1 is at most 0.04 or 0.02 or even zero.

[0054] Preferably, the so-called non-adhesive layer according to the invention is non-adhesive to the mineral glass, that is to say does not form part of the interlayer (connecting the first and second glass sheets, at least one of which is a mineral glass), has a peel strength of less than 1 N / cm or even 2 N / cm and even zero.

[0055] The upper layer (first upper layer or preferably additional upper layer) can be a PVB film (transparent, tinted) with UV and / or acoustic protection and / or even wedge-shaped (especially for windshields with head-up display function).

[0056] The lower layer (first lower layer or preferably additional lower layer) can be a PVB film (transparent) with UV and / or acoustic protection and / or even wedge-shaped (particularly for windshields with head-up display functionality).

[0057] Preferably, any PVB-based adhesive layer (lower layer and / or upper layer in sheet form, preferably additional lower layer and / or upper layer) contains 70% to 75% PVB, 20% or 25 to 30% plasticizer and less than 1% additive. There are also PVB sheets that contain almost no or no plasticizer (especially less than 10% or 5% or 1%), such as the "MOWITAL LP BF" film from KURARAY.

[0058] In this context, “coloration” refers to the colored appearance in transmission, characterized in particular by the L*a*b* chromaticity coordinates, which are calculated by considering the transmission spectrum from 380 nm to 780 nm for illuminant D65 and a CIE 1964 observer (10°).

[0059] Any thermoplastic polymer functional film according to the invention (polymer support, optical film: extractor, redirector, barrier film), in particular a thermoplastic polymer functional film which does not adhere to the glass (and therefore does not form part of the interlayer), is, for example: polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherimide (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyurethane (PU) or cellulose triacetate (TAC), acrylic, polyolefins including polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), PET-PMMA films (coextruded), poly(vinyl chloride) PVC.

[0060] For polymer functional films made of PC or PMMA, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is preferred (for greater chemical compatibility) as lower or upper thermoplastic adhesive layer, or even EVA. Either thermoplastic or thermosetting EVA can be chosen.

[0061] Regarding optical properties, the intermediate bonding layer may have a light transmittance of at least 85% or 90% and / or a haze of less than 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0.5%.

[0062] Any cross-linked polymer adhesive layer (lower and / or upper adhesive layer, in particular the first additional lower and / or upper layer) or stack of layers between the second side and the third side can have a transmittance of at least 85% or 90% (or lower if colored) and / or a haze of less than 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%.

[0063] The glazing may have a transparency suitable for its purpose and / or a haze of less than 6%, less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1%, less than 0.5%.

[0064] According to the invention, the upper layer is the layer between the second side (which is bare or has no functional coating) and the intermediate adhesive layer. This can be the first additional layer or one or more covering layers referred to as additional upper layers.

[0065] According to the invention, the lower layer is the layer between the intermediate adhesive layer and the third side (the third side is bare or has no functional coating). This can be the first additional layer or one or more underlying layers referred to as additional lower layers.

[0066] The term "film" refers to a self-supporting layer, whereas a "coating" is obtained by deposition (liquid deposition, especially for polymer layers, and / or physical or chemical vapor deposition).

[0067] For example, the refractive index n0 is greater than or equal to 1.41, 1.42, 1.43, 1.44, 1.45, 1.46, 1.47, 1.48, 1.49, 1.5, 1.51, 1.52, 1.53, 1.54, 1.55, 1.56, 1.57, 1.59, 1.6, 1.61, 1.62, 1.63, 1.64, 1.65.

[0068] In particular, the refractive index n1 (and / or n'1) in the visible light range, in particular at 550 nm and preferably 500 nm to 750 nm or even 380 nm to 750 nm, may be less than or equal to 1.51, 1.50, 1.49, 1.48, 1.47, 1.46, 1.45, 1.44, 1.43, 1.42, 1.41, 1.40, 1.39, 1.38, 1.37, 1.36, 1.35, 1.34, 1.33, 1.32, 1.31, 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26, 1.25, in particular at 550 nm and preferably 500 nm to 750 nm or even 380 nm to 750 nm.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, n1 is at most 1.48 (n1 is less than or equal to the refractive index of PVB) or even at most 1.45 or 1.4, and the first additional upper layer, preferably the first adhesive additional upper layer (especially a cross-linked polymer material), is a film or a coating, and n'1 is at most 1.48 (n'1 is at most or less than the refractive index of PVB) or even at most 1.45 or 1.4, and the first additional lower layer, preferably the first adhesive additional lower layer (especially a cross-linked polymer material) is a film or a coating.

[0070] Once again, if additional upper and lower bonding layers of the OCA type are chosen, there are more choices of refractive index n1 or n'1 and adding an interlayer is not mandatory for lamination to glass. A three-film OCA solution may be preferred. For simplicity, there may be additional upper and lower layers of the same material and thickness.

[0071] The adhesive interlayer may occupy at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% of the surface area of ​​the glazing.

[0072] The first additional upper layer (adhesive or non-adhesive) and / or the first additional lower layer (adhesive or non-adhesive) may occupy at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% of the glazing surface. The first additional upper layer (adhesive or non-adhesive) and the first additional lower layer (adhesive or non-adhesive) may occupy at least 90% or 95%, and better still 100%, of the surface area of ​​the intermediate adhesive layer.

[0073] There may be a first additional layer, in particular a colored layer (adhesive or non-adhesive coating, or adhesive or non-adhesive film) and a first underlying layer, which is the second glass sheet.

[0074] An additional, preferably colorless, second layer can be added to the first, lower layer, which is a second glass sheet, in particular a colored glass sheet.

[0075] The first glass sheet (preferably mineral) may have a refractive index nv of at most 1.55 or even 1.53, in particular 1.51 to 1.53. In this case, preference is given to having a first additional upper layer (in particular an adhesive layer) with a refractive index n1 lower than nv.

[0076] The second glass sheet, in particular a mineral glass sheet, may have a refractive index n'v of less than 1.55 or even at most 1.53, in particular 1.51 to 1.53 for mineral glass, and it may therefore preferably have a first additional underlying layer, in particular an adhesive layer, having a refractive index n1 less than n'v.

[0077] The second organic glass sheet (rigid, flexible) may have a refractive index n'v up to 1.52 or even form the first lower layer. The second organic glass sheet may be PC or PMMA.

[0078] It is preferred or even usually necessary that the glazing comprises at least one transparent area, called "transparent glass area" or transparent field of view, which is not covered by the peripheral (inner) opaque masking layer. The transparent glass area is thus the central area.

[0079] The transparent glass area may account for at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, and in particular at least 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% of the total surface area of ​​the glazing, including the area covered by the encapsulation or seal. In other words, the opaque layer covers an area that typically accounts for at most 80%, preferably at most 50%, and in particular at most 30% or 20% or 10% or 5% of the total surface area of ​​the glazing.

[0080] The optical density of the (inner) opaque layer is preferably at least 2 or even at most 5.

[0081] The crosslinked polymer material of the intermediate adhesive layer may (essentially) comprise a polymer selected from polyacrylate-based polymers, in particular polyurethane acrylate-based polymers, or epoxy polymers (resins etc.) or polyepoxides, polyesters, or even polyurethanes, polyvinyl acetates.

[0082] The polyacrylate of the cross-linked polymer material according to the present invention, whether a film or a coating, in particular an intermediate adhesive layer or an upper and / or lower adhesive layer, refers to any polymer containing repeating units derived from acrylate. Within the allowed valence range, the repeating units may be substituted or unsubstituted. The acrylate polymer may be a homopolymer and / or a copolymer. The polyacrylate may include one or more of polymethyl acrylate, polyvinyl acrylate, polypropyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polypropyl methacrylate.

[0083] The epoxy polymer of the cross-linked polymer material according to the present invention, the film or coating, in particular the middle adhesive layer or the upper or lower adhesive layer, refers to a polymer obtained after the polymerization of a substance containing an epoxy bond, for example. The epoxy polymer may include one or more of epoxy resin bisphenol A, bisphenol A epoxy resin, halogenated novolac epoxy resin, novolac epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, bisphenol S epoxy resin.

[0084] The cross-linked polymer material of the bonding interlayer may be loaded with nanoparticles having a (high) refractive index of at least 1.8 or at least 2 or 2.2, in particular metal oxides (eg titanium oxide), preferably with a size of up to 300 nm.

[0085] The limited size of the nanoparticles increases the refractive index n0 without increasing the haze.

[0086] The cross-linked polymer material of the intermediate adhesive layer can be chosen in particular from polymers whose n0 is at least 1.5 or even at least 1.53 or at least 1.55, or at least 1.58, based on polyfluorenes preferably having (secondary) acrylate functions and / or based on epoxy resins and / or polymers, preferably polyacrylates or silicone acrylates or polyurethane acrylates, which are filled with nanoparticles having a (high) refractive index of at least 1.8 or even at least 2 or 2.2, in particular metal oxides (e.g. titanium oxide) preferably with a size of up to 300 nm.

[0087] Polyfluorene-based materials with acrylate functionality are preferred, allowing the polyfluorene to be photocrosslinked (under UV light).

[0088] Advantageously, the intermediate adhesive layer is a self-supporting crosslinked polymer film which is in adhesive contact with the third face (or with the first additional lower layer, in particular a thermoplastic adhesive or a crosslinked polymer material) and is in particular chosen from:

[0089] - a pressure-sensitive film, preferably chosen from polymers with acrylates, optionally based on polyfluorenes with said acrylate functions, or films based on polyacrylates, silicone acrylates, polyurethane acrylates, optionally loaded with said high-refractive-index nanoparticles,

[0090] - or so-called post-adhesive films of polymers which are partially (photo)crosslinked before assembly and completely (photo)crosslinked after assembly, and preferably so-called post-adhesive films which preferably ((photo)crosslink and) contain acrylates, optionally based on polyfluorenes having said acrylate functions, or the above-mentioned films based on polyacrylates which are optionally loaded with said high refractive index nanoparticles.

[0091] As described below, the film (PSA or post-adhesive film) can be locally textured for extraction (extraction film).

[0092] Similarly, any cross-linked polymer adhesive layer according to the present invention may be a PSA or a post-adhesive film, preferably having secondary acrylate or polyacrylate functionality.

[0093] For the post-bonding film, the adhesive contact is produced by further photocrosslinking.Before crosslinking, the assembled glazing is placed under vacuum for degassing and subsequently placed in a pressurized autoclave with a positive pressure of, for example, 2 to 4 bar and optionally at a temperature above ambient temperature.

[0094] In particular, pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) bond by contact upon application of mechanical pressure.

[0095] The adhesive interlayer can be an adhesive coating (glue, liquid film deposition) on a non-adhesive backing (polymer or even ultra-thin glass), wherein the non-adhesive backing is the first additional upper or lower layer (bonded to the first or second glass sheet), and the backing preferably has another cross-linked polymer adhesive layer (of the laminating interlayer) on the opposite major side and / or is in adhesive contact with the thermoplastic adhesive layer of the laminating interlayer.

[0096] The support may be a first additional upper layer, for example pigmented.

[0097] This support may be a first additional lower layer, preferably colorless, in order to obtain more extracted visible light on the fourth face (F1 or F4, depending on the configuration of use).

[0098] The crosslinked polymer material of the crosslinked polymer adhesive layer (intermediate adhesive layer, adhesive lower layer or upper layer, in particular additional lower layer and / or upper layer or even frame layer) according to the present invention is based on a crosslinked polymer (one or more crosslinked polymers), in particular essentially consists of a crosslinked polymer. Preferred are crosslinked polymer materials that do not contain carcinogens, mutagens and reproductive toxicants (CMR).

[0099] The intermediate adhesive layer or any other adhesive lower or upper layer, in particular the first additional lower and / or upper adhesive layer, may have good adhesion to glass (mineral glass or even organic glass). For example, the intermediate adhesive layer or any other adhesive lower or upper layer reaches a peel strength of more than 2N / cm, 3N / cm, 4N / cm, 5N / cm, 6N / cm, 7N / cm, 8N / cm, 9N / cm, 10N / cm to mineral glass (or organic glass).

[0100] According to one feature, the intermediate adhesive layer alone (particularly a film) or in combination with a lower and / or upper crosslinked polymer adhesive layer has a hardness of 20 to 70 Shore A, most particularly if the lamination interlayer (preferably comprising at least one crosslinked polymer adhesive film, or even at least 30 μm or 40 or 50 μm) does not comprise a lower and / or upper thermoplastic adhesive layer. Thus, the crosslinked polymer adhesive layer is neither too soft nor too hard to prevent cracks from propagating from the glass of one or more sheets in the event of an accident, a break.

[0101] The hardness of the intermediate adhesive layer is measured according to standard ASTM-D2240 on a 10 mm thick reference sample consisting of a polymer adhesive material which is poured in liquid form into a hollow mold and then crosslinked, preferably with UVA light.

[0102] According to another feature which is preferably cumulative with the previous feature, the intermediate adhesive layer (in particular a film) or in combination with the lower and / or upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer (in particular a first additional lower layer and / or upper layer) has an elongation at break of 100% or 200% to 1000%, in particular 250% to 1000%, preferably 300% to 1000%.

[0103] The intermediate adhesive layer (deposited by liquid route on the first and / or second pane or on the support) can be completely or partially crosslinked before, during or after the lamination process between the first and second pane, in particular a mineral glass pane.

[0104] The intermediate adhesive layer (in the film) may be fully or partially crosslinked before, during or after the lamination process between the first and second glass sheets.

[0105] Lamination in the absence of thermoplastic material is performed under pressure by at least one vacuum.

[0106] In order to manufacture the crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention (intermediate adhesive layer or, in a broader sense, any other crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention, lower or upper adhesive layer, in particular the first additional lower and / or upper layer; frame layer, etc.), crosslinkable adhesives can be used that cure when their components react (in particular photocrosslinkable under UV light, heat crosslinkable, etc.) or when the solvent evaporates. In all cases, there is a chemical reaction to produce chemical bonds for crosslinking, in which case the crosslinked polymer is defined by forming a 3D network of polymer chains bonded by chemical bonds.

[0107] Thus, the manner in which crosslinkable adhesives cure depends on their nature, with some (photo) crosslinking taking place in particular by energy supply of the ultraviolet (UVA) or visible light range (400-405 nm) type, and others crosslinking taking place at ambient temperature by chemical reaction with the addition of curing agents. Other crosslinkable adhesives crosslink by chemical reaction which is initiated and accelerated by the supply of thermal energy.

[0108] Liquid deposition of the crosslinkable adhesive (intermediate adhesive layer or, in a broader sense, any other crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the present invention, lower or upper adhesive layer, especially the first additional lower and / or upper adhesive layer; frame layer, etc.) can be carried out by spraying, curtain coating, flow coating, roller coating, slot die, dip coating or casting, doctor blade coating, screen printing, ink jetting, drop casting or by filling a cavity.

[0109] Preferably, the intermediate adhesive layer or even more generally any other cross-linked polymer adhesive layer according to the present invention (lower or upper adhesive layer, in particular additional lower or upper layer, frame layer, etc.) can be photo-cross-linked preferably by UV light, for example comprising a polymer matrix that is photo-cross-linked by UV light.

[0110] The cross-linked polymer material according to the present invention (of the intermediate bonding layer or indeed any other cross-linked polymer bonding layer, lower and / or upper part, in particular the first additional lower and / or upper layer) may preferably be based on (or consist essentially of) a polymer associated with one or more other functionalities, such as:

[0111] - Acrylate functionality (primary or secondary) for photocrosslinking (crosslinked polymer materials based on polyurethane acrylates or silicone acrylates)

[0112] - and / or predominantly fluorinated (chemical) functionality for lowering the refractive index (crosslinked polymer materials based on fluorourethane acrylates or fluorosilicone acrylates) or predominantly fluorene (chemical) functionality for increasing the refractive index.

[0113] Depending on the desired properties, the acrylate functionality can be used for photocrosslinking (for polyurethane acrylates or silicone acrylates, etc.). The acrylate functionality allows photocrosslinking of polymers, the backbone of which may consist of other functionalities such as carbamates or fluorenes. In particular, any crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention has acrylate functionality, or is a polyacrylate.

[0114] In the first example of a lower adhesive layer or an upper adhesive layer (first additional layer or additional adhesive layer) in the form of a coating, respectively, a crosslinkable UV resin is applied to the second or first sheet (inorganic or organic glass). One or both layers can be deposited on a polymer or ultra-thin glass substrate.

[0115] The UV curable resin may include acrylate-based, urethane acrylate-based, silicone-based, and fluorinated urethane acrylate-based resins.

[0116] Low refractive index cross-linkable liquid adhesives (for the first additional lower and / or upper layer or even the intermediate adhesive layer) include the following resins:

[0117] - based on polyurethane acrylates, for example from Norland, in particular the product known as LOCANorland NOA 1315 (refractive index 1.315), which is an aliphatic polyurethane acrylate,

[0118] - based on fluorinated polyurethane acrylates, for example from Shin-A, in particular the products known as SFA 335 (refractive index 1.335-1.339) or SFA 387 (refractive index 1.385-1.389),

[0119] Based on acrylates, such as, in particular, the product known as UZ 181A from AKChemTeck (refractive index 1.47) or the product known as UVEKOL S15 from Allnex (refractive index 1.44).

[0120] Mention may be made of LOCAs based on fluorinated polyurethane acrylates, for example from Shin-A, in particular the products known as LOCA Shin-A 335 (refractive index 1.335-1.339) or 387 (refractive index 1.385-1.389).

[0121] Pressure sensitive adhesive, abbreviated as PSA and commonly known as self-adhesive, is an adhesive that forms a mechanical bond when pressure is applied to it so that the adhesive becomes integral to the surface to be bonded. No solvent or water or heat is required to activate the adhesive.

[0122] As its name suggests, it is "pressure sensitive" and the degree of bond between a given surface and the self-adhesive adhesive is affected by the amount of pressure used to apply the adhesive to the target surface and the nature and density of the physical bond formed between the adhesive and the substrate (mineral or organic glass sheet).

[0123] PSAs are generally designed to form a bond and maintain that bond at ambient temperature.

[0124] PSAs can be made from rubber, polyurethane, acrylate polymers, and polysiloxanes.

[0125] PSAs are generally based on elastomers coupled with a suitable additional adhesive or "tackifying" agent, such as an ester resin.

[0126] The elastomer may preferably be based on:

[0127] - Acrylates, which may be sufficiently tacky that no additional tackifiers are required.

[0128] - Silicones, which require special tackifiers such as "MQ" type silicate resins, composed of monofunctional ("M") trimethylsilane that has been reacted with tetrafunctional ("Q") silicon tetrachloride, - Silicone-based PSAs such as glues and resins of polydimethylsiloxane dispersed in xylene or in a mixture of xylene and toluene

[0129] or optionally:

[0130] - block copolymers based on styrene, such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene / propylene (SEP) or styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) block copolymers,

[0131] - vinyl ether,

[0132] -Nitrile.

[0133] PSA adhesives are sold in rolls of double-sided tape with a liner on each side to protect the PSA film.

[0134] As silicone-based PSA (for the first lower or upper layer) there may be mentioned Dow Adhesives such as 2013 adhesive, 7657 adhesive, Q2-7735 adhesive, Q2-7406 adhesive, Q2-7566 adhesive, 7355 adhesive, 7358 adhesive, 280A adhesive, 282 adhesive, 7651 adhesive, 7652 adhesive, 7356 adhesive, or Taica adhesives such as OPT alpha Such as K120E, K90E, or MRK adhesives such as MR3050, MR3080.

[0135] As acrylate-based PSA, there may be mentioned Nitto adhesives such as CS98210U, CS98210UK, or Adhesives such as OCA 69206, OCA 69208, OCA 69405.

[0136] As PSA film based on acrylate, mention may be made of the product CS986 from Nitto (refractive index 1.47).

[0137] As silicone-based PSA film (for the first additional lower and / or upper layer, preferred due to its low refractive index), mention may be made of Opt Alpha Gel from Taica (refractive index 1.41).

[0138] As silicone, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or polydimethylsiloxane, which is an organometallic polymer of the siloxane family, is preferred.

[0139] In one example of a crosslinked polymer adhesive layer, preferably for the intermediate adhesive layer (or any other additional upper or lower adhesive layer, frame layer, etc.) in the form of an acrylate-based PSA film, there can be mentioned a product called CS986 from Nitto having a refractive index of 1.49.

[0140] In one example of a crosslinked polymer adhesive layer in coating form, preferably for an intermediate adhesive layer (or any other additional upper or lower adhesive layer, frame layer, etc.), a mercapto-based UV crosslinkable resin ester is deposited, a product from Norland called NOA 65 with a refractive index equal to 1.524.

[0141] In one example of a cross-linked polymer adhesive layer in the form of a coating, preferably for an intermediate adhesive layer (or any other additional upper or lower adhesive layer, frame layer, etc.), a one-component UV cross-linkable resin ester based on polyurethane with acrylate functionality, a product called ShinA SBPF-022 with a refractive index n2 equal to 1.60 is deposited.

[0142] In one embodiment, the first additional upper layer is a coating on the second side, in particular porous silica (in contact with the intermediate bonding layer) or MgF2, and / or the first additional lower layer is a coating on the first side, in particular porous silica or MgF2 (in bonding contact with the interlayer). Porous silica is particularly preferred, in particular with an n1 (n'1) of at most 1.4 or 1.3.

[0143] In one embodiment, the first additional upper layer is an upper adhesive layer of a thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer material, or a thermoplastic (non-adhesive) film, and / or the first additional lower layer is a lower adhesive layer of a thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer material, or a thermoplastic (non-adhesive) film with a thickness of at least 30 μm and below the millimeter level.

[0144] For example, if the second glass sheet is organic (PC, PMMA), then TPU or EVA (thermoset or thermoplastic) is selected.

[0145] Thermoplastic films can be used as a backing for an intermediate adhesive layer (coating) or as a barrier film with a first additional adhesive layer if there is a lack of chemical compatibility between the intermediate adhesive layer and the first additional adhesive layer.

[0146] The upper (or lower) adhesive layer may be a selected low refractive index optical adhesive (OCA for optically clear adhesive, LOCA if liquid).

[0147] In one embodiment, the first additional upper layer is a crosslinked polymer binder, for example having a refractive index n1 of at most 1.46 or 1.4 or 1.35 or 1.3, and / or the first additional lower layer is a crosslinked polymer binder, for example having a refractive index n'1 of at most 1.46 or 1.4 or 1.35 or 1.3.

[0148] The cross-linked polymer material of the first additional lower and / or upper layer (or even any other additional lower and / or upper adhesive layer) may preferably be chosen from polymers based on (or essentially consisting of) polyacrylates (e.g. having a refractive index n1 or n'1 of at most 1.46 or 1.4), in particular fluorinated polyurethane acrylates (to have the lowest possible refractive index n1 or n'1) or polyurethane acrylates or fluorosilicone acrylates, polysiloxanes or silicones (e.g. having a refractive index n1 or n'1 of at most 1.4 or 1.3), in particular polydimethylsiloxanes, polyurethanes, polyvinyl acetates, polyesters or even epoxy polymers, polyepoxides.

[0149] In particular, the crosslinked polymer material of the first additional upper and / or lower adhesive layer is selected from acrylate-based polymers, in particular polyurethane acrylate-based or silicone acrylate-based or silicone-based polymers, and the polymer additionally has fluorine functionality.

[0150] The cross-linked polymer adhesive layer according to the present invention (intermediate adhesive layer, lower and / or upper adhesive layer, in particular additional adhesive layer, etc.) may contain at least 50 wt.%, 60 wt.%, 70 wt.%, 80 wt.%, 90 wt.%, 95 wt.% of one or more polymers or even up to 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1% of additives.

[0151] According to the present invention, the cross-linked polymer adhesive layer (middle adhesive layer, lower and / or upper adhesive layer, especially additional adhesive layer, etc.) can contain at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% of the main polymer (or base polymer) by weight of one or more polymers.

[0152] The crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention (intermediate adhesive layer, lower and / or upper adhesive layer, in particular additional adhesive layer) may contain other additives (preferably less than 1% by weight of the layer 0 or 5% by weight or 1% by weight), such as at least one of the following:

[0153] - crosslinkers, such as photoinitiators (residues),

[0154] -Plasticizers (for greater flexibility),

[0155] - tackifiers,

[0156] -Durability additives.

[0157] The degree of polymerization or even the degree of crosslinking of the crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention is not necessarily 100%; the material according to the invention may therefore contain residual prepolymers, monomers, oligomers. NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) can be used to analyze the crosslinked layer to determine the degree of polymerization. There may be mixtures of polymers.

[0158] Independent of the intermediate adhesive layer, the total thickness of the one or more crosslinked polymer adhesive layers according to the present invention is preferably at least 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, and at most 1100 (in micrometers).

[0159] Independently of the intermediate adhesive layer, the total thickness of the thermoplastic adhesive layer or layers according to the invention is preferably at most 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350 (in micrometers).

[0160] The intermediate bonding layer in the form of a film (preferred) or coating may have a thickness (in micrometers) of at least 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000 and up to 1100.

[0161] The first additional upper (and / or lower) layer in the form of a coating on the first curved glass sheet (on the second curved glass sheet) may have a thickness (in micrometers) of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000 μm and at most 1100 μm.

[0162] A peripheral frame adhesive layer, in particular a thermoplastic adhesive film made of a first additional upper and / or lower adhesive layer (thermoplastic PVB, EVA, etc.) may be applied on the periphery of (the edge of) the intermediate adhesive layer.

[0163] The laminate interlayer preferably consists essentially of or even of the following adhesive layer sequence between the second and third side (with or without functional elements above the first additional upper layer):

[0164] - first additional upper PVB adhesive layer (or PVB / functional element / PVB) / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower PVB adhesive layer

[0165] - or first additional upper PVB (or PVB / functional element / PVB) adhesive layer / intermediate adhesive layer / first additional lower adhesive layer, preferably thermoplastic polyurethane, TPU or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting), in particular if a second sheet made of organic glass is present

[0166] - or first additional upper PVB (or PVB / functional element / PVB) adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer

[0167] - or first additional upper adhesive layer cross-linked polymer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower PVB adhesive layer

[0168] - or first additional upper adhesive layer cross-linked polymer / intermediate adhesive layer / first additional lower TPU or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting) adhesive layer (if it is a second organic glass sheet)

[0169] - or first additional upper bonding layer cross-linked polymer / middle bonding layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer bonding layer.

[0170] More simply, the interlayer may consist essentially of an intermediate adhesive layer (preferably a film or layer on a polymer support) between the second and third surfaces and at most one thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer adhesive layer (preferably one or more films), in particular PVB or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting). The laminate interlayer preferably consists essentially of or even of the following adhesive layer sequence between the second and third faces (with or without functional elements above the first additional upper layer):

[0171] - First additional upper PVB adhesive (or PVB / functional element / PVB) layer / intermediate adhesive layer

[0172] - First additional upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / intermediate adhesive layer

[0173] - Middle adhesive layer / first additional lower TPU or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting) adhesive layer (if plexiglass)

[0174] - Middle adhesive layer / first additional lower PVB adhesive layer

[0175] - Intermediate bonding layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer bonding layer.

[0176] The laminated interlayer may be free of thermoplastic adhesive layers (over the entire surface), such as PVB or EVA or even TPU, in particular thermoplastic adhesive layers in adhesive contact with the second and / or third side. In particular, the laminated interlayer comprises the following adhesive layer sequence between the second and third sides:

[0177] - First additional upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / intermediate adhesive layer

[0178] - or intermediate adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer

[0179] - first additional upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer.

[0180] The (single or multi-layer) laminate interlayer may have a thickness (in micrometers) of at least 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000 and at most 1100.

[0181] In one construction, the glazing comprises on the second side a thermoplastic adhesive layer (in particular tinted PVB), which is the first additional upper layer or an additional layer between the second side and the first additional upper layer (which is in particular a non-adhesive thermoplastic film (PET, etc.) or ultra-thin glass), and preferably on the third side, below the intermediate adhesive layer, the glazing does not contain any thermoplastic adhesive layer, or the first additional lower layer is a second glass sheet (in particular organic glass), such as PC, having an n1 of preferably at least 1.55.

[0182] In one embodiment, the glazing comprises, starting from the second side, an additional upper thermoplastic adhesive layer (PVB, EVA, TPU) (which is optionally tinted), a thermoplastic film, in particular forming a barrier film (optionally tinted) and / or a athermal film, a first additional upper layer made of a cross-linked polymer material (optionally tinted) and / or it comprises, starting from the third side, an additional lower thermoplastic adhesive layer, a thermoplastic film, a first additional lower layer made of a cross-linked polymer material.

[0183] The same material (and thickness) may be chosen on both sides of the intermediate bonding layer, or may be asymmetric if desired, for example if a second organic film and a first mineral film are used, or if only one PVB is desired in addition to an additional lower or upper layer.

[0184] In particular, in one embodiment, the glazing according to the invention comprises between the second side (bare or coated) and the third side (bare or coated) a stack which may be strictly selected from:

[0185] - (first PVB or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting) sheet) / first additional upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / (second PVB or TPU or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting) sheet)

[0186] - or first PVB or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting) sheet / first additional upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer

[0187] - or first PVB adhesive sheet / (thermoplastic film) / first additional upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / (thermoplastic film) / (second PVB adhesive sheet)

[0188] - or first PVB or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting) adhesive film / (thermoplastic film) / first additional upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / (thermoplastic film) / (second PVB or EVA adhesive film)

[0189] - or first EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting) adhesive film / (thermoplastic film) / first additional upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / (thermoplastic film) / (second adhesive or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting) sheet).

[0190] And preferably, the first additional upper layer and / or the first additional lower layer is a crosslinked polymer film, in particular a PSA, or even the stack consists of a plurality of films (at least 2, 3 or 4, 5 or 6 films).

[0191] The first additional upper layer can be a thermoplastic (in particular non-adhesive) film, at least 30 μm thick and below the millimeter level, bonded to the second side by: at least one upper adhesive (bonding) layer of a cross-linked polymer or thermoplastic material (for example PVB) or two upper adhesive (bonding) layers - a first layer of a cross-linked polymer material and a second layer of a thermoplastic polymer material (for example PVB) bonded to the second side.

[0192] Preferably, the thermoplastic film is selected from:

[0193] - Local scattering films, especially textured on one side of the adhesive interlayer

[0194] - Functional films: athermal or heated, with conductive coating, low-e heating conductive coating on second side

[0195] - Fluoropolymer membranes having an n1 not exceeding 1.5 or not exceeding 1.45, 1.4 or 1.3

[0196] -Colored films (mass production, etc.)

[0197] The film, possibly in the form of a coating, supports an intermediate adhesive layer.

[0198] As low-refractive-index film (low-refractive-index support), in particular a low-refractive-index film having a refractive index of at most 1.45 in the visible range, a (thermoplastic) fluoropolymer film may therefore be chosen.

[0199] Fluoropolymer membranes can be based on or even made from one of the following materials:

[0200] - Perfluoroalkoxy PFA, in particular with a refractive index of approximately 1.3

[0201] - Polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF, in particular having a refractive index of approximately 1.4

[0202] -Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene ECTFE

[0203] - Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene ETFE, more specifically poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene), in particular having a refractive index of about 1.4

[0204] - Ethylene perfluoropropylene copolymer FEP or (fluorinated ethylene propylene), in particular having a refractive index of about 1.3

[0205] - Polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, in particular has an n2 of about 1.3, but is the most difficult to laminate - Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF).

[0206] Preferably its haze is at most 2%. Fluoropolymer films can be easily obtained from 30 or 50 μm. For better assembly, the fluoropolymer film may have one or both major surfaces treated by an adhesion-promoting surface treatment, preferably a corona treatment.

[0207] The glazing may incorporate one or more functional (non-adhesive) elements which do not (significantly) contribute to the "cohesion" of the glazing.

[0208] One or more functional elements may be located between the second face and the intermediate adhesive layer or in the first additional upper layer or in additional layers, in particular in thermoplastic or cross-linked adhesive layers.

[0209] For example, the glazing (single or multi-layer) may incorporate one or more functional elements (preferably functional films), in particular having a thickness of sub-centimeter size, or even up to 0.6 mm or 0.5 mm or 0.3 or 0.2 mm, and preferably at least 30 or 40 or 50 μm, preferably selected from at least one of the following functional films:

[0210] - functional films (transparent, flexible, colorless or colored), in particular polymer films, selected from:

[0211] a athermal film, an infrared-reflecting film and / or a heating film, for example a polymer substrate with an electrically conductive (transparent) coating, in particular with a thickness of at most 0.4 mm, in particular extending locally or almost over the entire glazing, optionally different from the first additional lower adhesive layer or the first additional lower adhesive layer supporting an intermediate adhesive layer as a coating, wherein the electrically conductive coating is on the side opposite to the intermediate adhesive layer (on the side of the second face),

[0212] - electronic devices (to a greater or lesser extent) selected from at least one of the following: sensors; electrically controllable devices with variable tint and / or scattering; additional diodes (emitting towards the first or second sheet), in particular locally or extending almost over the entire glazing, in particular facing towards or away from the guided light propagation zone, light extraction devices, between the second face and the first additional upper layer.

[0213] In particular, the upper adhesive layer according to the invention may comprise two adhesive thermoplastic films or sheets, for example based on PVB (or a heat-crosslinking adhesive, such as a pressure-sensitive adhesive) and larger than the functional element (especially an electronic device or a pyrolytic film), with the functional element between the two sheets. In particular, for a functional element (polymer film, electronic device, etc.) having a thickness of at least 0.4 mm, a peripheral intermediate sheet (frame) of the same nature as the two sheets, in particular a peripheral intermediate sheet based on PVB (or a heat-crosslinking adhesive, such as a pressure-sensitive adhesive), surrounds and contacts the edge face of the functional element and between the two sheets, protruding and in contact with it. The peripheral intermediate sheet forms part of the laminated interlayer. For a functional element having a thickness less than or equal to 0.4 mm or even 0.3 mm or 0.2 mm, the thermoplastic material can creep sufficiently so as not to increase the peripheral intermediate sheet.

[0214] Preferably, for any functional element according to the invention, in particular the polymer film, the thickness is preferably at least 30 or 40 μm or 50 μm, and preferably at most 500 μm or 400 μm or 300 μm, for ease of handling during assembly.

[0215] In particular, functional elements (films, in particular polymers, electronics) having a thickness of at most 0.4 mm or 0.3 mm or 0.2 mm do not require a peripheral intermediate sheet.

[0216] For athermal films, for example clear coated PET films such as XIR from Eastman, coextruded PET-PMMA films such as SRF type.

[0217] Naturally, polymer functional films can be multifunctional (support, barrier, optics, etc.).

[0218] The extraction film can have a customized range. It can be localized or cover at least 50% of the clear glass area. The extraction film can have one or more localized extraction areas (textured, etc.).

[0219] In one configuration, the first sheet, preferably mineral glass, is tinted and / or the first additional upper layer, in particular an upper adhesive layer made of a thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer, is tinted. And the second sheet of glass (organic or inorganic) may be transparent and / or the first additional lower layer is transparent.

[0220] Furthermore, the first sheet may be pigmented and / or one or any layer above the intermediate adhesive layer (particularly the athermal film, the polymer support, the barrier film, the upper adhesive layer) may be pigmented.

[0221] For this purpose, any pigmented polymer layer may comprise (in a polymer matrix) a colorant (organic or inorganic), in particular a molecular dye or an inorganic pigment.

[0222] The tinted film (athermal film, polymer support, barrier film, upper adhesive layer) may have a light transmittance of at most 50% or 40% or 30% or 20% and at least 5%.

[0223] The first additional upper layer, in particular an adhesive or even a cross-linked polymer, may have a light transmittance of at most 50% or 40% or 30% or 20% and at least 5% when pigmented. The first sheet may subsequently be pigmented or colorless, and / or any further upper adhesive layer may be pigmented or colorless.

[0224] For a motor vehicle roof, for example, the first upper layer (eg, tinted PVB film) and any additional upper adhesive layers (eg, tinted PVB film) are selected to have a light transmittance of less than 100% to 2%, preferably 28% to 8%.

[0225] The outer edge face or edge of the intermediate adhesive layer or even the laminating interlayer or the like is offset from the transparent glass area, in particular the intermediate adhesive layer extends below the inner peripheral masking layer between the second face and the intermediate adhesive layer.

[0226] In one embodiment, at least one optical film is within the intermediate bonding layer, or better, between the intermediate bonding layer and one of the first upper layer or the first lower layer, or even in contact with the intermediate bonding layer, and wherein the optical film, in particular a polymeric optical film, is selected from:

[0227] - Extraction film, forming a means for extracting the guided light (in the interlayer)

[0228] - and / or a local redirecting film, in particular a prismatic film, in particular a reflector between the intermediate adhesive layer and the first upper (additional) layer, or a transparent prismatic film between the intermediate adhesive layer and the first lower (additional) layer, forming a device for redirecting light from a light source on a fourth or deviating face of the assembled glass into the intermediate adhesive layer.

[0229] A plurality of different extraction films (distributed in the clear glass area and / or offset from the clear glass area, etc.) can be used on the sides of the third face and / or on the sides of the second face.The extraction film can be a thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer (thermoset) film.

[0230] It is preferred that the optical film (extraction or redirection) according to the present invention is localized to increase the adhesive contact surface of the intermediate adhesive layer.

[0231] Preferably, the local optical redirecting film (prismatic film, preferably reflective film and between the first (additional) upper layer and the interlayer, or transparent prismatic film, preferably between the first (additional) lower layer and the interlayer) is at most 10 cm or at most 5 cm or even at most 2 cm wide and in particular has a length similar to that of the linear (custom) light source. The linear light source can be, for example, a rectangular strip with rounded corners.

[0232] The extent of the (partial) extraction film can be significantly smaller than that of the intermediate adhesive layer. It advantageously accounts for less than 30%, preferably at most 25%, in particular 1 to 10% of the intermediate adhesive layer.

[0233] The extraction membrane may have any shape. The plurality of extraction membranes may have different shapes.

[0234] The optical film (local, extraction or redirecting) may be in adhesive contact with the intermediate adhesive layer and with the first additional lower or upper layer (particularly the adhesive layer).

[0235] It is also possible to use a thermoplastic polymer for the extraction film and to heat this polymer at least partially to its softening point before contact with the intermediate adhesive layer in order to position it on the first lower additional layer, which is selected as a thermoplastic adhesive layer.

[0236] Another possibility is to form the extraction membrane by reaction injection molding (RIM) of the monomer mixture, ultimately forming a polymer thermoset in situ.

[0237] In one embodiment, the light extraction means (preferably local, in the transparent glass area or not in the transparent glass area (under an internal masking layer), depending on the requirements) comprises:

[0238] - texturing of an element selected from the group consisting of the intermediate adhesive layer, or at least one of the first upper layer and the first lower layer, in particular at least one of the first additional upper layer and the first additional lower layer, or at least one of the second face and the third face

[0239] - or an extraction film inserted between one of the first upper layer and the lower layer, in particular at least one of the first additional upper layer and the lower layer or at least one of the second face and the third face and the intermediate adhesive layer

[0240] - or a scattering layer comprising a binder and scattering particles and / or voids, which is interposed between any one of the first upper layer and the lower layer and the intermediate adhesive layer.

[0241] The light extraction means (for extracting the light guided in the intermediate bonding layer) may comprise an extraction film which is an optical film with a reflective relief.

[0242] It is possible to use films with a reflective relief, in particular plastic films with a refractive index greater than or equal to n0, which have a reflective relief (prisms) forming a light extraction, such as the reflective relief described in patent WO 2013 / 167832.

[0243] The reflective relief preferably has a low roughness so that the reflection is essentially of the mirror type.The relief and roughness of the reflective interface are chosen in such a way that the total width at mid-height of the angular distribution of the light intensity emitted by the system is preferably between 30° and 60°.

[0244] Independently of the roughness of the reflective interface, a height or depth of the relief can be defined which is equal to the distance between the highest and lowest points of the relief. The height of the reflective relief is 5 μm to 1 mm, preferably 10 μm to 500 μm, in particular 20 to 100 μm.

[0245] Such polymer films textured by embossing are commercially available and mention may be made, for example, of the films sold by 3M. Image Directing Film II.

[0246] The optical extraction film may comprise a plurality of individual prisms, each prism consisting of an inclined surface and a surface substantially perpendicular to the general plane of the second sheet.

[0247] Examples of regular reliefs that may be mentioned are reliefs of the Fresnel lens type or reliefs of the Fresnel prism type.

[0248] The relief can be reflected by a layer having a refractive index which is at least 0.04, preferably at least 0.1, lower than the refractive index n0 (e.g. n1) or the refractive index of the optical film having the relief. The relief can thus be reflected by a first additional upper or lower layer, which is particularly adhesive. The recesses of the relief can be filled by the first additional upper or lower layer, particularly the adhesive layer.

[0249] Alternatively or in addition, the light extraction device may comprise a scattering layer comprising scattering elements (transparent or homogeneously scattering) in a binder or matrix, in particular defining at least one first scattering area, for example having a width of at least 0.5 mm, in particular a first solid scattering area and / or comprising a set of discontinuous patterns.

[0250] The light extraction means may also be a textured area of ​​the first upper or lower layer, whether additional (second or third face if required), or a scattering coating.

[0251] In an organic or inorganic binder, the scattering particles may be micrometer-sized, in particular at least 600 nm. The particles may be made of metal or metal oxide.

[0252] On the second side, the extraction means may be completely opaque or transparent.On the third side, the extraction means has a non-zero light transmission.

[0253] The light source preferably comprises a group of light emitting diodes on a diode support, for example a flexible support, in particular a printed circuit support (such as a PCB—printed circuit board), in particular an elongated linear support, a straight or curved strip. A plurality of strips can be connected to each other along edges or the like.

[0254] The light source may be located between the second and third faces. The diode support may be completely or partially between the second and third faces, curved (flexible) to adapt to the curvature of the glazing, or even the diode support (especially if the diode has a side emission and / or a support along the second or third face) may protrude beyond the edge of the glazing.

[0255] The diode carrier and the diode may be an L-shaped or U-shaped profile, which is completely or partially between the second and third faces (in the groove, in the frame layer tc), in particular curved (flexible) to adapt to the curvature of the glazing.

[0256] The light source may include an extraction fiber coupled to a primary light source (one or more light emitting diodes, etc.).

[0257] Preferably, the diode is a component which is surface mounted on the front side of a diode carrier, which is a printed circuit board known as a PCB (with conductive tracks).

[0258] The diode has, for example, Lambertian emission or quasi-Lambertian emission.

[0259] The width (or length) of a diode (usually a square diode) having a single semiconductor chip is preferably at most 5 mm.

[0260] The width of the diode support (PCB board), preferably in the form of a strip, is preferably at most 5 cm, better at most 2 cm or even at most 1 cm.

[0261] There can be one or more light sources (peripheral, preferably offset from the transparent glass area), several groups of diodes. One or more light sources are elongated, linear over at least 10 cm and / or more localized, in particular in one hole or several separate holes in the intermediate adhesive layer or in holes in the peripheral layer (frame layer).

[0262] One or more (same or different) light sources may be used, for example electric light sources and / or consisting of light emitting devices (LEDs, etc.). The one or more light sources may be monochromatic (emitting in the blue, green, red, etc. domain) or polychromatic, or may be adapted or combined to produce, for example, white light, etc.; they may be continuous or discontinuous, etc.

[0263] The light source may extend linearly along one side (longitudinal edge) of the glazing (rectangular strip like a diode array) or be replicated along both sides (with similar or different light, e.g. other colors, intensities, independently or simultaneously controlled).

[0264] A light source, preferably comprising a set of light emitting diodes, may be located below the second face:

[0265] - Bonding to the second side (through the upper adhesive layer or without the upper adhesive layer if the upper adhesive layer is more recessed)

[0266] - or even between the second side and the third side, in particular bonded to the second side or the third side and / or bonded to the intermediate adhesive layer.

[0267] The light source may be coupled to the edge of the adhesive sandwich and all or part of it may be outside the edge of the glazing. The light source (diode and even the diode support) may be housed in a polymer package, as described in application WO 20 1 0049638, in particular in Fig.15 or Fig.16 or even have a recess for removing and replacing the light source.

[0268] Injecting light into the intermediate adhesive layer from a light source, preferably comprising a set of light emitting diodes or a diode carrier, is preferably:

[0269] 1) The light source contacts or is away from the edge or wall (space or material, especially adhesive) of the intermediate adhesive layer or the wall defining the closed hole (blind hole or through hole) in the intermediate adhesive layer, and the light source is preferably below the second surface or even between the second surface and the third surface.

[0270] Optionally, the light source is in a recess in the edge of the bonded interlayer, or bonded or embedded in or in the wall of a closed hole (or near) defining a transparent frame layer (for optical coupling via the edge), optionally bonded on the periphery of the periphery of the bonded interlayer.

[0271] or:

[0272] 2) by a local light redirecting element, such as an optical redirecting film (prismatic film), on the second (or third) main surface, in particular in contact with the intermediate adhesive layer and between the intermediate adhesive layer and one of the first upper (additional) layer or the lower (additional) layer, whereby the light source is directed toward or deviated from the fourth main surface, in particular the light source and the light redirecting element are deviated from the transparent glass area.

[0273] The light source beam can be vertical or oblique.

[0274] In particular, the optical coupling is direct or via optics, in particular a light source and a light redirecting element, directed away from the transparent glass area and towards the inner masking layer.

[0275] The power supply for the light sources (diodes) can be provided by a current feed integrated in the laminated glazing (e.g. electrical wires incorporated in the laminate interlayer) or the wires can even be applied to the fourth main face of the second sheet (inner sheet, passenger compartment side) and optionally protected by a covering.

[0276] The light source may be on the fourth side, below (opposite) the inner masking layer, and coupled to the intermediate bonding layer via the optical redirecting film as already described.

[0277] The light source on one side of the fourth face may be associated with collimating optics.The light source with optional collimator may be attached to the fourth face by direct bonding or by being spaced apart and on a peripheral support attached to the fourth face.

[0278] The optional inner perimeter masking layer (on the F4 face) may contain gaps so as not to block optical coupling, in particular to allow light from the light source to pass to the light redirecting element.

[0279] The redirecting film (prismatic film, in particular reflective film) has, for example, a longitudinal shape along the glazing or a rounded shape at the corners, for example with the length of the transparent glass area. The redirecting film may have a thickness of at most 0.5 mm or 0.4 mm and in particular at least 0.1 mm.

[0280] The redirecting film and / or the light source are for example at most 100 mm and / or preferably at least 10 or 20 mm away from the clear glass area.

[0281] By means of this redirecting film between the second and third faces, light passing through the second sheet - (all or part of) the bonding interlayer - is redirected into the glass bonding interlayer by reflection or even scattering.

[0282] The optical redirecting film may be textured, or even prismatic (between the F2 and F3 faces). The prismatic film has a smooth (textured, non-functional) main surface and a textured (functional) opposite surface. The prismatic film is flexible, so it adapts to the curvature of the glass. The prismatic film may comprise a partially structured transparent plastic film forming (micro)prisms or a transparent (flat) plastic film (e.g. polyester, PET or polycarbonate) with a transparent layer (e.g. organic resin), wherein the (micro)prisms are arranged on one main surface. The (micro)prisms are oriented towards the third face or towards the second face.

[0283] The prismatic film on the second face (between the F2 and F3 faces, between the intermediate adhesive layer and the first additional upper layer or sheet) can be reflective, wherein the (micro)prisms have a reflective layer (metal, etc.) on them, and the reflective (micro)prisms are oriented toward the second face or the third face. Preferably, the reflective prismatic film is (preferably) between the intermediate adhesive layer and the first additional upper layer or sheet, or even in contact with the intermediate adhesive layer. The prisms are oriented toward the second face (the flat face in contact with the intermediate adhesive layer) or toward the third face in contact with the intermediate adhesive layer. In particular, the (preferably) reflective prismatic film has a thickness of 100 to 300 μm, preferably at most 150 μm. The prismatic film on the third face (between the F2 and F3 faces, between the intermediate adhesive layer and the first additional lower layer or the second sheet) can have (micro)prisms oriented toward the second face (the flat face in contact with the first additional lower layer or the second sheet) or toward the third face (prisms in contact with the first additional lower layer or the second sheet).

[0284] Preferably, the transparent prismatic film is between the intermediate adhesive layer and the first additional lower layer, or even in contact with the intermediate adhesive layer (prisms facing the second or third face). In particular, the prismatic (transparent) film is 100 to 300 μm thick, preferably not thicker than 150 μm.

[0285] If necessary, the intermediate adhesive layer (see other elements) can be protected from moisture, dust, external environment for better durability.

[0286] In one embodiment, the so-called frame layer surrounds the periphery (edge) of the intermediate adhesive layer, preferably a thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer adhesive layer, and is in contact with the intermediate adhesive layer and optionally even with the third (bare or coated) face or with the first lower layer and / or with the additional upper layer, and / or with the second (bare or coated) face or with the first additional upper layer (in particular the frame layer deviating from the window glass).

[0287] The perimeter (bonding) frame layer may be on the periphery of the interlayer, or even on the periphery of one or more other layers below or above the interlayer.

[0288] The frame layer may surround the edges of the sandwich, or even surround the first lower layer and the upper layer (preferably a cross-linked polymer adhesive or even all layers between the second and third sides), preferably a thermoplastic (especially PVB) or cross-linked polymer adhesive layer.

[0289] The frame layer preferably has a thickness at least equal to the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer. It is for example at least 1 mm and no more than 5 cm or 1 cm wide (and offset from the transparent glass area, below the inner masking layer).

[0290] The frame layer may be a thermosetting adhesive (two-component photo-crosslinked light section) forming a seal, spaced from or attached to the already described layers of the laminate interlayer (which itself is recessed from the edge face of the sheet). It may be in adhesive contact with the second and third faces. The frame layer may be, for example, polyurethane, epoxy, butyl, etc.

[0291] If the additional upper and / or lower (film) adhesive layer extends beyond the edge of the middle adhesive layer, the frame layer can be used to compensate for the thickness of the middle adhesive layer. It can bridge the gap between the protruding additional upper and / or lower adhesive layers.

[0292] The frame layer may be made of the same material as the first additional upper and / or lower adhesive layer.

[0293] For example:

[0294] a first additional upper adhesive layer made of PVB (transparent or pigmented) with zero or more or less significant content (e.g. at least 30%) of plasticizer,

[0295] - (below the perimeter of the first additional upper layer) a PVB frame layer with zero or varying content of plasticizer, at least as thick as the intermediate adhesive layer,

[0296] - Optional first additional lower adhesive layer of PVB (transparent) whose plasticizer content is zero or more or less significant.

[0297] The frame layer may surround the guided light propagation area and / or it is preferably outside the transparent glass area.

[0298] Regarding the extent of the element, several configurations are possible, in particular the edges of the intermediate adhesive layer, the lower and / or upper first additional (adhesive) layer or even the frame adhesive layer are not necessarily aligned with the edges of the first and / or second sheet.

[0299] The edges of the layer between the second and third sides are not necessarily aligned with each other.

[0300] The middle adhesive layer can be recessed from the edge of the first sheet. The width of the retraction can depend on the light injection

[0301] - For example, the recess is at least 10 mm, so as to place the light source (diode) below the second face (away from or in contact with the edge of the interlayer, the edge with the notch, etc.) or even between the second face and the third face

[0302] - A shrinkage of no more than 10 mm or even no more than 2 mm, in particular if the light source is in a closed hole in the adhesive interlayer.

[0303] The additional upper and / or lower (adhesive) layer may be recessed by up to 10 mm or even up to 2 mm from the edge face of the first sheet.

[0304] The edges of the first additional upper and / or lower layer may be aligned with the edges of the intermediate adhesive layer or protrude beyond the intermediate adhesive layer.

[0305] The first additional upper and / or lower layer, in particular a thermoplastic or PVB layer, may protrude beyond the intermediate adhesive layer even without any discernible interface with the frame layer, in particular a thermoplastic or PVB layer, at the periphery of the intermediate adhesive layer.

[0306] In one embodiment, the glazing comprises an inner peripheral opaque masking layer between the third face and the second face, or even covering the periphery of the intermediate adhesive layer, in particular in contact with the second main face, in particular defining a transparent glass sheet. And in particular when the second sheet is an interior glazing, it optionally comprises an inner peripheral opaque masking layer on the fourth main face, in particular in line with the interior masking layer or having a width less than the width of the interior masking layer.

[0307] The glazing may therefore comprise an inner opaque peripheral masking layer, in particular an enamel (black etc.), on the second face, between the second face (in particular F2) and the third face (in particular F3). This may be an opaque coating, for example based on PVB, on a thermoplastic adhesive layer (in particular the additional upper adhesive layer), in particular PVB, and having a colorant on one main face of the PVB layer (in particular the additional upper adhesive layer) facing the second or third face.

[0308] The inner masking layer can be 2 mm or 3 mm (less than 5 mm) from the edge face of the glazing, or can even rise to the edge face. The masking layer can be a strip constituting the frame of the glazing (windshield, roof, etc.), in particular black. The opacification is performed on the entire periphery to hide body elements or seals, or to protect the adhesive for mounting on the vehicle. The inner masking layer defines the transparent glass area. It may be advantageous that the outer edge of the intermediate adhesive layer (or even the first additional or auxiliary lower or upper layer, or frame layer) is masked by the inner masking layer, and not in the transparent glass area.

[0309] The width of the inner masking layer along the sides of the motor vehicle roof is usually less than the width at the front or even at the rear.

[0310] In the case where the first pane is an external glazing, a further masking layer, referred to as the internal masking layer, may be on the face F4 on the passenger compartment side, in particular facing the internal masking layer (or even of the same nature, for example an enamel, in particular a black enamel, on a second pane made of mineral glass). It may be adjacent to an optional transparent functional coating, in particular athermal, at least in the transparent glass region.

[0311] Especially for car roofs (first sheet is exterior glazing):

[0312] The width of the inner (or even internal) masking layer along the longitudinal edges may be at most 30 cm, in particular 10 to 20 cm.

[0313] The inner (or even internal) screening layer may have a width along the rear lateral edge of at most 30 cm, in particular at least 1 or 5 cm, and a width along the front lateral edge of at most 60 cm, in particular at least 1 or 5 cm.

[0314] The width of the inner masking layer is preferably greater than the width of the internal masking layer.

[0315] The inner and / or internal masking layer may be an organic or mineral binder (sintered glass frit) with an organic or inorganic colorant (in particular a molecular dye or an inorganic pigment).

[0316] The inner and / or internal opaque masking layer is preferably a continuous layer (planarized, with solid edges or gradient edges (pattern set)).

[0317] The thickness of one or more layers between the second and third surfaces is preferably at most 1.1 mm or 0.9 mm, and in particular the thickness of the laminated interlayer (of one or more thermoplastic and / or cross-linked polymer adhesive layers) is at most 1.1 mm or 0.9 mm, at least in the light-guiding area.

[0318] The thickness between the first face and the fourth face is preferably at most 9 mm or 7 mm, in particular for road vehicles.

[0319] The first sheet is preferably made of mineral glass, which may be tempered, in particular if it is the outer sheet, and the second sheet is made of organic glass. In particular for road glazing, the first (outer) sheet is preferably at most 2.5 mm thick, even at most 2.2 mm thick - in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - or even at least 0.7 mm thick.

[0320] In particular, the first pane is an outer pane, even a mineral glass, and the glazing is selected from the group consisting of a roof, a windshield and side windows.

[0321] Alternatively, the first pane may be an inner pane, and in particular the glazing is selected from windscreens, side windows, rear windows, rear door glazings, and in particular the outer pane is made of mineral glass, in particular tempered glass.

[0322] The second sheet may be a second sheet intended to be an inner sheet, in particular having a thickness of at least 0.7 mm, possibly less than the thickness of the first outer glass sheet, even as little as 2.2 mm - in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - or even as little as 1.3 mm or as little as 1 mm.

[0323] The total thickness of the first and second glass sheets is preferably strictly less than 5 or 4 mm, or even 3.7 mm.

[0324] The first and second glass sheets may be substantially of the same size, for example, generally rectangular. The first sheet (if the outer sheet) may be larger than the second sheet (if the inner sheet) and thus protrude beyond the second sheet over at least a portion of its periphery, optionally the second sheet (on the passenger compartment side) having an edge face, in particular on one or more (longitudinal and / or transverse) edges or over the entire periphery, which edge face is recessed from the edge face of the first glass sheet, in particular by at most 10 or 5 cm.

[0325] The first sheet can be clear glass with a non-thermally functional coating on the second side, and the optional upper adhesive layer (thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer adhesive) is tinted or clear.

[0326] The first mineral glass sheet may be based on silica, soda-lime, preferably soda-lime-silicon, or even an aluminosilicate or borosilicate. It may have a total iron oxide weight content (expressed in the form of Fe2O3) of at most 0.4% and preferably at most 1.5%.

[0327] The second mineral glass sheet can be based on silicon dioxide, soda-lime, soda-lime-silicon, aluminosilicate or borosilicate. In order to limit absorption, it has a total iron oxide weight content (expressed in the form of Fe2O3) of at most 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably at most 0.03% (300 ppm) and at most 0.015% (150 ppm) and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The redox of the second glass sheet is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15.

[0328] Herein, the transmittance is calculated from the transmission spectrum from 380 nm to 780 nm considering illuminant A and the CIE 1964 standard observer (10°).

[0329] The light transmittance and color tone of each glass sheet are adjusted by the chemical composition of the glass and the thickness of the glass sheet. The chemical composition of the glass comprises a colorless base, preferably a soda-lime-silicon base (but other glasses, in particular borosilicate or aluminosilicate glasses, may also be used), and a coloring part. The coloring part comprises in particular one or more dyes selected from transition metal oxides, in particular iron oxides (ferrous and ferric oxides), cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, nickel oxide, rare earth oxides, in particular erbium oxide, and selenium.

[0330] A transparent glass sheet is a sheet having a light transmittance of, for example, at least 85%, or even at least 90%. Apart from unavoidable impurities, it generally does not contain coloring parts, in particular iron oxides, with a total content of 0.005 to 0.200% by weight, in particular 0.010 to 0.150% by weight, or even 0.030 to 0.120% by weight.

[0331] A tinted glass sheet is a glass sheet having a light transmittance of, for example, 50 to 80%, in particular 60 to 75%. It contains a tinted part, for example consisting of iron oxides, the total content of which is 0.4 to 1.2% by weight, in particular 0.6 to 1.1% by weight. Depending on the proportion of ferrous iron, the glass obtained is green, optionally yellow or bluish green. According to other examples, oxides of cobalt, selenium and / or erbium are added in order to impart a hue, for example blue or gray.

[0332] Over-tinted glass sheets are glass sheets with a light transmittance of, for example, 5 to 50%, in particular 8 to 40%. They contain a colored part, for example, consisting of iron oxides, the total content of which is 1.0 to 2.3% by weight, in particular 1.1 to 2.0% by weight, as well as cobalt oxides and chromium oxides and / or selenium. The colored part contains, for example, the following dyes in the weight proportions defined below: Fe2O3 (total iron) is 1.2 to 2.3%, in particular 1.5 to 2.2%, CoO is 50 to 400 ppm, in particular 200 to 350 ppm, Se is 0 to 35 ppm, in particular 10 to 30 ppm. The redox is preferably 0.1 to 0.4, in particular 0.2 to 0.3. The redox is the weight ratio of the ferrous content (expressed as FeO) to the total iron content (expressed as Fe2O3). The obtained glass is in particular green or gray.

[0333] The second sheet can be made of organic glass, in particular organic glass based on polyurethane (PU) which typically has an n'v (or n'1) of about 1.47, organic glass based on polycarbonate (PC) which typically has an n'v of about 1.59, organic glass based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) which typically has an n'v (or n'1) of about 1.47, and organic glass based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which has an n'v (or n1) of about 1.54.

[0334] The second sheet of organic glass may be flexible to follow the curvature of the first curved sheet, or the second sheet of organic glass may be pre-formed.

[0335] For organic glass such as PC or PMMA, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or cross-linked polymer materials are preferred over PVB as the lower thermoplastic adhesive layer (for greater chemical compatibility). Thermoplastic or thermosetting EVA can also be selected.

[0336] If the second sheet is made of organic glass, the first glass sheet may preferably be made of tempered glass.

[0337] In the present invention, the expression "tempered glass" refers to heat-tempered glass without any precision, and preferably glass tempered during an operation of bending glass.

[0338] The second side (in particular with the first colorless glass sheet and the upper colored adhesive layer, the first additional layer or other layers) can have an athermal or heatable functional coating (stack of thin layers, etc.), including a conductive coating (low emissivity, heatable). The conductive coating can be a stack of thin layers with one or more metal layers (silver, etc.) between layers of, for example, metal oxides or nitrides or oxynitrides. The thickness of the conductive coating is less than 200 nm or even 160 nm. The conductive coating can be in contact with an optionally colored layer, which is:

[0339] - a first additional upper adhesive layer (thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer),

[0340] - Additional adhesive layer, made of thermoplastic (PVB, etc.) or cross-linked polymer, non-adhesive thermoplastic film (PET, etc.).

[0341] In particular, the first sheet is made of transparent or extra-transparent mineral glass, and the conductive coating is in contact with the colored layer (such as those described above).

[0342] A low-emissivity coating, in particular a coating whose normal emissivity is preferably less than 0.50, in particular 0.30 or even 0.20 or 0.10. It is preferably a stack of thin layers comprising at least one (in particular two, three or four) silver layers (preferably on the second face, or on a film between the second face and the first additional upper layer) or a layer of a transparent conductive oxide (preferably on the F4 face), in particular chosen from tin oxide and indium oxide, aluminum-doped or gallium-doped zinc oxide or fluorine-doped or antimony-doped tin oxide. These functional layers are usually inserted between dielectric layers based on oxides, nitrides and / or nitrides. The presence of such a stack, in particular for the roof, an ITO-based F4 face stack, further improves the thermal comfort of the occupants.

[0343] The invention also relates to a motor vehicle incorporating the luminous glazing defined previously.

[0344] When installed in place in a motor vehicle, in the case of a laminated roof, the fourth face is preferably the inner face of the motor vehicle, usually referred to as face F4. The roof may be an opening roof or a fixed roof.

[0345] The first pane can in particular be an outer pane, the glazing being selected from the group consisting of a roof, a windshield, a side window, or the first pane can in particular be an inner pane, the glazing being selected from the group consisting of a windshield, a side window, a rear window, a rear door glazing.

[0346] Laminated glazing is often curved, in particular in one or two directions, in order to fit perfectly into the vehicle body.

[0347] The invention also comprises a method for producing a laminated glazing according to the invention. The production of a laminated glazing according to the invention may comprise:

[0348] - Assembling a first glass sheet, preferably mineral glass, the lamination interlayer comprising at least an intermediate bonding layer, which prior to assembly is a PSA film or a so-called post-bonding film made of a partially photocrosslinkable polymer material, or an bonding coating on a polymer support or (ultra-thin) glass, forming a first additional upper or lower layer, and a second glass sheet.

[0349] The production of luminous (laminated) glazing according to the invention may comprise:

[0350] - Assembling a laminate interlayer of a first glass sheet, preferably mineral glass, at least comprising an intermediate adhesive layer and a second glass sheet, the method in particular comprising, before the assembly, liquid deposition of a crosslinkable adhesive of the intermediate adhesive layer (on the second and / or first glass sheet, or on the first or second additional upper or lower layer), and the method preferably comprises crosslinking of the intermediate adhesive layer, in particular by UV(A) light.

[0351] Assembly refers to the stacking of different components.

[0352] The lamination of the luminous glazing according to the invention may comprise an operation enabling the bonding contact of one or more crosslinked polymer adhesive layers (of the laminating interlayer) according to the invention with the second and third faces (e.g. at least the intermediate adhesive layer and optionally the first lower and / or upper additional adhesive layer, the lower and / or upper additional adhesive layer). If the intermediate adhesive layer is of PSA type, bonding is achieved by simple contact (with one or both of the second and third faces, or with one or both of the first additional lower layer and / or upper layer).

[0353] Preferably, the lamination of the luminous glazing comprises at least degassing the assembled elements (already in adhesive contact or non-adhesive contact) to avoid bubbling, and applying pressure to the assembled elements.

[0354] After assembly, the lamination of the glazing according to the invention can thus involve, for example, degassing (oven etc.) and autoclaving (positive pressure).

[0355] The lamination may comprise a step of (photo) crosslinking of one or more crosslinked polymer adhesive layers (intermediate adhesive layer, and optionally first additional lower and / or upper adhesive layer, additional lower and / or upper adhesive layer), optionally already partially photocrosslinked before assembly, for example using a UVA source.

[0356] The autoclave cycle may be carried out at ambient temperature, at a temperature in the range of 30-50° C., at a pressure in the range of 2 to 5 bar and for up to 1 hour, in particular at least 15 minutes.

[0357] When the luminous assembly glass according to the present invention comprises a thermoplastic adhesive layer such as PVB, the lamination of the assembly glass according to the present invention comprises evacuation and pressurization under heating, the lamination step resulting in the thermoplastic adhesive layer being in bonding contact with the surface of the layer adjacent to, for example, the second surface (and on the other side in contact with the intermediate adhesive layer or the first additional upper layer).

[0358] The adhesive interlayer (or any other crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention) may be obtained from a crosslinkable adhesive (UV or two-component crosslinkable by chemical reaction) deposited on the surface.

[0359] A pre-crosslinking step (UV or chemical reaction promotion) facilitates gelling of the crosslinkable adhesive. A vacuum is then created to evacuate trapped air and complete crosslinking to obtain a good bond.

[0360] in short:

[0361] In the case of a lamination interlayer comprising one or more OCA films and no thermoplastic adhesive film, the method for producing the luminous glazing according to the invention may comprise lamination by calendering or using a vacuum press followed by autoclave treatment (to remove residual air bubbles and optimize adhesion).

[0362] In the case where the interlayer comprises at least one thermoplastic adhesive film (in addition to the OCA film or even the OCA coating), the method for producing the luminous glazing according to the invention may comprise lamination by autoclave treatment, for example at a temperature of 110 to 160° C. and at 10 to 15 bars or even higher. Prior to autoclaving, the air trapped between the glass sheets and the lamination interlayer is removed by calendering or vacuum.

[0363] Further details and advantageous features of the invention will become apparent from a reading of the embodiments according to the invention shown in the following drawings.

[0364] [ Figure 1 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing for a motor vehicle according to the invention in a first embodiment.

[0365] [ Figure 1 '] shows Figure 1 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0366] [ Figure 2 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a second embodiment.

[0367] [ Figure 2 '] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing for a motor vehicle as a roof installed in a vehicle.

[0368] [ Figure 3 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a third embodiment.

[0369] [ Figure 3 '] shows Figure 3 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0370] [ Figure 4 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a fourth embodiment.

[0371] [ Figure 4 '] shows Figure 4 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0372] [ Figure 5 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a fifth embodiment.

[0373] [ Figure 5 '] shows Figure 5 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0374] [ Figure 6 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a sixth embodiment.

[0375] [ Figure 7 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a seventh embodiment.

[0376] [ Figure 7 '] shows Figure 7 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0377] [ Figure 8 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in an eighth embodiment.

[0378] [ Fig. 9 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a ninth embodiment.

[0379] [ Fig.10 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a tenth embodiment.

[0380] [ Fig.10 '] shows Fig.10 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0381] [ Figure 1 1 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in an eleventh embodiment.

[0382] [ Fig.12 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a twelfth embodiment with injection of ambient light.

[0383] [ Fig.12 '] shows Fig.12 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0384] [ Fig.13 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a thirteenth embodiment.

[0385] [ Fig.14 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a fourteenth embodiment.

[0386] [ Fig.15 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a fifteenth embodiment.

[0387] [ Fig.16 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a sixteenth embodiment.

[0388] For the sake of clarity, it should be noted that the various elements of the illustrated subject are not necessarily reproduced to scale.

[0389] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a motor vehicle luminous laminated glazing 100 according to the invention (with peripheral light injection) in a first embodiment is shown. Figure 1 'Shows Figure 1 Schematic front view of the glazing 100 .

[0390] Here, it is a rectangular and curved laminated glazing 100, here as a roof of a car, which comprises:

[0391] a first glass sheet 1 , here forming the outer sheet, for example rectangular (for example having dimensions of 300×300 mm), of composition for tinted solar control function (VG 10 or TSA 4+ glass sold by Saint-Gobain Glass) or transparent glass, this first sheet 1 for example having a thickness equal to 2.1 mm, having a first main face 11 corresponding to the F1 face, a second main face 12 on the inside, called F2, optionally coated with a athermal coating for solar control (in case of transparent or extra-transparent glass 1 ) or heating etc., and edge surfaces (longitudinal edge faces 10 and 10 ′) having a refractive index nv in the visible range of for example 1.5,

[0392] -Laminated interlayer 3, polymer (transparent), single layer or multilayer (film, etc.)

[0393] - a second glass sheet 2, here of the same dimensions as the glass sheet 1, forming the inner glazing, on the passenger compartment side, here made of mineral glass, having a third main face 13 corresponding to the F3 face and a fourth main face 14 as the F4 face, as well as edge surfaces (longitudinal edge faces 21 and 22) - with a thickness, for example equal to 2.1 mm or even thinner, and a refractive index n'v in the visible light range of, for example, at least 1.5.

[0394] The second face 12 comprises an inner masking layer 7 forming a masking frame, such as a black enamel (deposited on the second face 12), delimiting a transparent glass area 16 (not blocked), in this case rectangular (see Figure 1 ').

[0395] The second glass sheet 2 is preferably a soda-lime-silica glass, in particular a transparent or extra-transparent glass, such as Diamond glass with n'v of about 1.52 to 550 nm, or Optiwhite glass of 1.95 mm sold by Saint-Gobain Glass. Preferably, the absolute difference between n'v and nv is at most 0.04 or 0.02 or even zero.

[0396] The second glass sheet 2 may comprise an athermal ITO 15 stack on the fourth face 14 (here F4).

[0397] The lamination interlayer 3 extends, for example, to the edges of the glass panes 1 , 2 .

[0398] For example, a laminated interlayer or even a laminated glazing may have a haze of at most 1%.

[0399] More precisely, in a compact form of the glazing according to the invention, the lamination interlayer comprises or even consists here of an intermediate adhesive layer 3 made of a crosslinked polymer material, having a thickness E0 of at most 2 mm or even 1 mm and at least 200 μm. It has a refractive index n0 in the visible range, wherein n0-nv is at least 0.04 or even at least 0.1 in the visible range, and n0-n'v is at least 0.04 or even at least 0.1 in the visible range.

[0400] The intermediate adhesive layer 3 has first and second longitudinal edge faces 30, 30', which may be offset (ie recessed) from the longitudinal edge faces 10, 10' towards the center of the glass.

[0401] The light source 4 is optically coupled to the intermediate bonding layer 3 forming the light guide. Due to the choice of n0, nv and n'v the light beam (after refraction on the coupling edge face 30) propagates by total internal reflection in the light guide intermediate bonding layer on the second F2 face and the third F3 face.

[0402] Considering that n'v and nv are about 1.52, we prefer n0 of at least 1.56 or even 1.62 or higher.

[0403] Due to the choice of a single interlayer, not only is the design of the glazing simpler, but there is also less risk of chemical incompatibilities between different interlayers or non-bonded polymer materials.

[0404] A minimum value of E0 promotes light injection, and E0 is even at least 0.4 mm or 0.8 mm (to further promote injection). To enhance the mechanism, we can further increase E0. Preferably, E0 is no more than 1 mm (if it is too thick, it will not be easy to assemble).

[0405] The crosslinked polymer material of the intermediate adhesive layer 3 comprises a polymer selected from polymers based on polyacrylates, in particular polyurethane acrylates, or polymers based on epoxy resins or polyepoxides, or polymers having acrylate functionality.

[0406] Crosslinked polymer materials are based, for example, on polyfluorenes with acrylate functions or on epoxy resins, and / or on polymers, preferably polyacrylates or silicone acrylates or polyurethane acrylates, which are filled with nanoparticles having a refractive index of at least 1.8 or even at least 2 or 2.2, in particular metal oxides (e.g. titanium oxide), preferably with a size of up to 300 nm.

[0407] In a first embodiment, this may be deposition of a photocrosslinkable adhesive on one of the faces F2 or F3 (or by filling the cavity between F2 and F3) and UVA light crosslinking.

[0408] In one example of a crosslinked polymer adhesive layer in the form of a crosslinked polymer adhesive coating, a one-component UV crosslinkable resin based on polyfluorene with acrylate functionality is deposited: the product called Shin-A SBPF-022 with a refractive index equal to 1.60. The adhesive coating (or at least one of the faces F2 or F3) may be locally textured to extract the guided light (as described later).

[0409] In a second embodiment, the intermediate adhesive layer 3 may be a self-supporting cross-linked polymer film, in particular chosen from:

[0410] - a pressure-sensitive film, preferably with acrylate, in particular based on a polyfluorene with said acrylate functionality, or based on a polyacrylate or silicone acrylate or polyurethane acrylate, optionally filled with said high-refractive-index nanoparticles;

[0411] - or a post-adhesive film of a polymer that is partially crosslinked before assembly, preferably photocrosslinked, or even more preferably containing an acrylate, in particular based on a polyfluorene having said acrylate functionality, or a polyacrylate-based, or silicone acrylate-based, or polyurethane acrylate-based, or polyacrylate-based film optionally filled with said high refractive index nanoparticles.

[0412] For the post-bonding film, the adhesive contact is produced by further photocrosslinking.Before crosslinking, the assembled glazing is placed under vacuum for degassing and subsequently placed in a pressurized autoclave, for example with a positive pressure of 2-4 bar, and optionally at a temperature greater than ambient temperature.

[0413] In particular, pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) bond by contact upon application of mechanical pressure.

[0414] As described below, the OCA film (PSA or postadhesive) can be locally textured for extraction (extraction film).

[0415] When the intermediate adhesive layer 3 is a PSA cross-linked film, pressure is applied by a roller, and then it is high-pressure treated.

[0416] Partially photo-crosslinkable films, for example based on acrylates, can be used and the glasses assembled together. The photo-crosslinking is terminated by UVA.

[0417] The light-emitting diodes 4 extend along the longitudinal coupling edge 30 of the interlayer 3. Light is injected from the periphery through the edge of the intermediate adhesive layer 3. These are the front light-emitting diodes. Thus, these diodes 4 are aligned on a PCB support 5, for example a parallelepiped strip. This PCB support 5 is spaced apart from or in contact with the edge 30 of the intermediate adhesive layer 3 and / or is attached to the glazing via the edge face 10 or 21, for example by glue (or double-sided tape), or to the edge 21 and / or even to the F4 face.

[0418] The injection of light from the light source into the intermediate adhesive layer is here via the edge of the intermediate adhesive layer 3, or via the walls of closed holes in the intermediate adhesive layer 3. This edge face 30 may be notched.

[0419] Alternatively, the light source may be one or more primary light sources (diodes, etc.) coupled directly to the light guide along the coupling edge face 30, such as an extraction fiber with a light output region (fiber texturing, etc.).

[0420] The luminous glazing 100 can have a plurality of extraction zones 6 for guiding light in the second pane, in particular of a given geometric shape (rectangular, square, circular, etc.).

[0421] The light extraction device is, for example:

[0422] a texture of a texturing element, the texturing element being selected from the group consisting of the intermediate adhesive layer, or at least one of the first upper and lower layers, in particular at least one of the first additional upper and lower layers, or at least one of the second and third faces, or an extraction film, the extraction film being interposed between one of the first upper and lower layers, in particular at least one of the first additional upper and lower layers, or at least one of the second and third faces, and the intermediate adhesive layer,

[0423] - or a scattering layer comprising a binder and scattering particles and / or voids, said scattering layer being interposed between any of the first upper layer or the lower layer and the intermediate adhesive layer.

[0424] For example, for the light extraction means, which in this case is a scattering layer 6 (screen-printed, for example enamel) on the third F3 face 13 or even alternately or cumulatively on the second F2 face 12, this layer preferably being in the transparent glass area 16. Alternatively, it can be a local extraction film (with relief or with a scattering layer or scattering in the bulk) locally placed or incorporated onto the third or second face.

[0425] The extraction device is in the transparent area, but may be peripheral, beneath the inner masking layer 7 and visible from the passenger compartment.

[0426] For example, the distance between the extraction 6 and the diode is at least 10 or 40 mm. For example, the extraction 6 occupies 10% to 100% of the transparent glass area 16. Figure 1 As shown in ', a set of non-intersecting scattering patterns 6 can be used, for example rectangular shapes.

[0427] Multiple series of diodes 4 can be provided (one edge, two edges, three edges, over the entire perimeter, independently controlled or even with different colors). White or colored light emitting diodes can be selected for ambient lighting, reading, etc., red light can be selected for signaling, possibly alternating with green light. The diode support 5 can be glued to the edge face 30.

[0428] Furthermore, if production reasons require, a so-called frame layer (not shown) may surround the periphery of the edge face of the interlayer 3, preferably a thermoplastic adhesive or cross-linked polymer layer in contact with the interlayer 3 and in adhesive contact with the third face or with the second face, in particular the frame layer being offset from the transparent glass area. If this is the case, it may be preferred to limit the losses by direct injection through the coupling edge face without refraction in the frame layer. To achieve this, the frame layer 3 may be locally absent (hollowed out) in the coupling region. Preferably, the emitting face of the diode and the coupling edge face 30 are at most 5 cm or even 5 mm or even in adhesive contact or non-adhesive contact.

[0429] Alternatively, the light source may be an assembly comprising a primary diode and a light guide or optical fiber having one or more extraction regions opposite the coupling edge 30 .

[0430] Preferably, the second sheet 2 and / or any further layers are colourless on the observer side of the extracted light (here the passenger compartment interior, or the vehicle exterior).

[0431] The thickness between the first face and the fourth face is preferably at most 9 mm or 7 mm, in particular for such road vehicles.

[0432] The front side edge 3 ′ and the rear side edge 3 ″ of the intermediate adhesive layer 3 may be set back from the front side edge 20 and the rear side edge 20 ′ of the first or second glass sheet.

[0433] The longitudinal edges 30, 30' of the intermediate adhesive layer 3 may be set back from the longitudinal edges 10, 21, 10', 22 of the first or second glass sheet.

[0434] Preferably, the intermediate adhesive layer 3 occupies at least 90% of the main glazing surface.

[0435] Instead of extra-clear glass for the second sheet, organic glass, such as PC, may be used, and preferably the first glass sheet is subsequently tempered.

[0436] The roof 100 can, for example, form a fixed illuminated panoramic roof for a motor vehicle, such as a passenger car, which is mounted from the outside on the vehicle body.

[0437] This luminous laminated glass 100 can alternatively form a windshield with an inner luminous indicator (pictogram, etc.), which is particularly used for driving assistance. The scattering layer 6 (or other extraction means) forms an anti-collision signal, in particular along the lower longitudinal edge. For example, when the vehicle ahead is too close, the light turns on (red).

[0438] The luminous laminated glazing 100 can alternatively form a front or rear quarter window or a front windshield with luminous decoration or external luminous signals. The scattering layer 6 forms, for example, a turn signal indicator or a LOGO. In the latter case, the second transparent glass (preferably mineral glass) sheet is the external glazing (the fourth side is F1 and the third side is F2), and the first glass sheet is the internal glazing (tinted or transparent, colorless), wherein the first side is F4 and the second side is F3.

[0439] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing 200 for a motor vehicle in a second embodiment is shown (with peripheral light injection, here via an edge face). Figure 2 'A schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing 200 for a motor vehicle is shown, the luminous laminated glazing being installed in the roof of the vehicle.

[0440] The glazing 200 differs from the glazing 100 in that:

[0441] - between the second face 12 and the interlayer 3, a first additional upper layer 31a, which is for example a non-adhesive coating deposited on the second face 12, for example a porous silica sol-gel, preferably having a thickness of at least 400 nm or 800 nm and a refractive index n1, wherein n0-n1 is at least 0.04 or even at least 0.1 or at least 0.15 or 0.2 or 0.25 in the visible range, and in particular n1<nv,

[0442] - a first additional lower layer 31b between the interlayer 3 and the third face 12, which is, for example, a non-adhesive coating deposited on the third face, such as a porous silica sol-gel, having a thickness of preferably at least 400nm or 800nm ​​and a refractive index n'1, wherein n0-n'1 is at least 0.04 or even at least 0.1 or at least 0.15 or 0.2 or 0.25 in the visible range, and in particular n1<nv.

[0443] Due to these layers 31a and 31b, it is possible to select an intermediate bonding layer 3 ( Figure 1 For example, if n1 is at most 1.43, then n0 is selected to be at most 1.47; if n1 is at most 1.4, then n0 is selected to be at most 1.44.

[0444] The adhesive interlayer 3 may be based on acrylates, such as, in particular, the product known as UZ1 81A from AKChemTeck (refractive index 1.47) or the product known as UVEKOL S15 from Allnex (refractive index 1.44).

[0445] In another example of an intermediate adhesive layer 3 in the form of a coating, a crosslinkable UV resin based on mercaptoester is deposited: the product comes from Norland and is called NOA 65, with a refractive index equal to 1.524.

[0446] As PSA film based on acrylate, mention may be made of the product CS986 from Nitto (refractive index 1.47).

[0447] The installation glass 200 is different from the first installation glass 100 in that:

[0448] the diode 4 emits light laterally below the peripheral portion 121 of the second face 12 and is masked from the outside by the internal masking layer 7 or even bonded to the portion 121 by means of an adhesive 60 (double-sided tape, etc.),

[0449] - the second glass sheet may be smaller than the first glass sheet (edge ​​21 is recessed from edge 10),

[0450] It is encapsulated by a polymer encapsulation 8 , in particular flush with the first sheet 1 , which may be perforated (holes towards the passenger compartment, etc.) to remove the light sources 4 .

[0451] The roof 200 can, for example, form a fixed illuminated panoramic roof 200' of a motor vehicle, such as a passenger car. Figure 2 ' is shown mounted from the outside on the vehicle body 8' via adhesive 61'. The same applies to all other examples.

[0452] Figure 3 A schematic side cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing 300 for a motor vehicle (with peripheral light injection) in a third embodiment is shown. Figure 3 '(e.g. roof) shows Figure 3 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0453] This glazing 300 differs from the glazing 100 in that the light source, here a side-emitting diode 4, and on its PCB support 5, has been inserted between the second and third faces. The back of the support 5 may be laminated or glued to the inner masking layer 7. It may be desirable to have an opaque inner peripheral masking layer 7' on the fourth face 14, in particular corresponding to or narrower than the width of the inner masking layer 7, and adjacent to the athermal layer 15, if present.

[0454] Instead of (or in combination with) linear light sources of the diode bar 4 type, one or more local light sources 40 may be mounted in the peripheral holes 17 of the intermediate adhesive layer 3, for example along the rear edge 20' (or front edge) of the glazing.

[0455] The diode supports 5 may protrude from the glass wafers 10 and / or 21, holding the diodes in contact with the light guide 3. An adhesive contact may be formed between the diodes (emitting face, collimating optics or other optical elements) and the OCA light guide layer 3, enabling them to be securely positioned and held.

[0456] Alternatively, the coupling edge 30 is sufficiently recessed to accommodate all or part of the light source (diode and diode support).

[0457] Extraction means 6 ′ may also be arranged between layer 3 and second face 12 (internal or external light extraction, depending on the glazing).

[0458] The extraction device 6 or 6' is in the transparent glass area, but may be peripheral, below the inner shielding layer in the area where there is no inner shielding layer 7'.

[0459] For example, the extraction device 6 here is a scattering strip 6 in the transparent glass area 16 .

[0460] Figure 4 A schematic side cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing 400 for a motor vehicle (with peripheral light injection) in a fourth embodiment is shown. Figure 4 'A schematic front view of a glazing 400 is shown.

[0461] This glazing 400 (e.g. a car roof) differs from the previous glazing 300 in that the diodes 4 are front-emitting. A diode support (diode strip) 5 can be wedged between the second face 12 and the support 5 and / or between the support 5 and the third face 13 by means of spacers (not shown). A further light source 4' is added to a further support 5', which is a PCB along a longitudinal edge 22 opposite the first edge 21. For example, the color and the on / off trigger can be changed.

[0462] If the inner masking layer 7 is not sufficiently opaque to mask the diode 4 , an opaque element may be added between the diode and the inner masking layer 7 .

[0463] The diode support 5 (or 5') may protrude from the edge face 10 and / or 21, keeping the diode in contact with the light guide 3, and may form an adhesive contact between the diode (emitting surface, collimating optical device or other optical element) and the OCA light guide layer 3, enabling them to be securely positioned and held.

[0464] For example, the extraction means 6 are here scattering strips 6 in the transparent glass area 16. For example, the inner masking layer is omitted, since there are extraction means on the F2 face 12.

[0465] Alternatively, the coupling edge 30 is sufficiently recessed to accommodate all or part of the light source (diode and diode support) between the second and third faces.

[0466] Figure 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing 500 for a motor vehicle (with ambient light injection) in a fifth embodiment is shown. Figure 5 'A schematic front view of a glazing 500 is shown.

[0467] This glazing 500 (eg a vehicle roof) differs from the glazing 100 in that the coupling edge 30 is sufficiently recessed in order to accommodate all or part of the light source (diode 4 and diode carrier 5 ) between the second face 12 and the third face 13 .

[0468] Furthermore, for protection purposes, a so-called frame layer 90 surrounds the edges of the adhesive layer 3 forming the light guide and is in adhesive contact with the interlayer 3 and with the third and second faces.

[0469] The frame layer 90 is preferably made of PCB.

[0470] The inner edge of the frame layer 90 deviates from the transparent glass below the inner shielding layer 7 .

[0471] Furthermore, the light source (diode) and the support are accommodated in a U-shaped (or L-shaped) part 80, wherein the base 80 and the return parts 81, 82 are clamped or glued to the second face 12 and the third face 13. Here, the light source and the molding module 4 are bonded to the frame layer 90, so that there is a region with the frame layer 90 between the coupling edge 30 and the diode.

[0472] To limit losses, it may be preferred that the light is injected directly through the coupling edge facets, without refraction in the frame layer 90. To achieve this, the frame layer 90 may be locally hollowed out in the coupling region.

[0473] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated motor vehicle glazing 600 in a sixth embodiment is shown (with peripheral light injection via the coupling edge face 30 ).

[0474] This glazing 600 (eg a vehicle roof) differs from the glazing 100 in that the (side-emitting) light source diodes 4 are fixed to the diode carrier 5 in the peripheral region 121 of the second surface 12 by means of adhesive bonding 60 , projecting beyond the edge 30 .

[0475] For example, the second lens 2 is smaller than the first lens 1 or has a notch.

[0476] Figure 7 A schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated motor vehicle glazing 700 in a seventh embodiment is shown with light injection through the glass. Figure 7 'Shows Figure 7 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0477] The glazing 700 (eg a vehicle roof) thus differs from the glazing 100 with regard to the light injection, in particular with regard to the position of the light source 4. The diode light beam can be inclined instead of vertical.

[0478] The diode 4 (here front-emitting) on ​​the diode support 5 is opposite (or offset) to the fourth main face 14 and the optical coupling to the layer 3 is done via a light redirecting element (eg redirecting optical film 9) for local guidance facing the inner masking layer 7 .

[0479] For example, this is a prismatic polymer film (polyester including PET, PC) having a textured face preferably containing reflective prisms 91 (prisms coated with a reflective conformal layer such as metal) and a flat portion (face) 92 (film thickness of 100 to 300 μm, preferably up to 150 μm, opposite the textured face). The prismatic film 9 forms longitudinal strips along the longitudinal edge 21 of, for example, the roof, similar to the linear light source 4 using diodes. Here, the prisms are oriented toward the second face.

[0480] Here, the prismatic film 9 is completely or partially in the adhesive layer 3 forming the light guide, for example, closer to the second face than the third face. The prism 91 can protrude from the adhesive light guide layer 3 and contact the inner masking layer 7 or contact with the inserted glue or layer. The reflective prismatic film 9 can also be on the surface of the light guide adhesive layer 3, where the prisms are in contact with the inner layer 7 or in contact with the inserted glue or layer. The prismatic film 9 can also be on the surface of the adhesive layer 3 forming the light guide, where the prisms are oriented toward the F3 face in contact with the light guide layer 3, in particular where the flat face 92 is in contact with the inner masking layer 7 with the inserted adhesive or layer. The prismatic film 9 is thinner here than the thickness of the adhesive light guide layer 3, which is, for example, at most 0.5 mm or 0.4 mm and in particular at least 100 μm. This is a flexible curved film that adapts to the curvature of the glazing, such as a transparent plastic film with a reflective coating on the prisms, or ultra-thin glass with a reflective coating on the prisms. The diode beam can be tilted instead of vertical.

[0481] The prismatic film 9 and / or the light source are, for example, at most 100 mm and / or preferably at least 10 or 20 mm away from the transparent glass area.

[0482] Figure 8A schematic cross-sectional view (with light injection through the glass) of a luminous laminated glazing 800 for a motor vehicle in an eighth embodiment is shown.

[0483] This glazing 800 (eg a vehicle roof) differs from the previous glazing 700 in that the prisms 91 (which may be reflective) are oriented toward the third face 13 instead of the second face 12 .

[0484] The flat surface opposite the prisms may be spaced apart (separated by another layer) or glued or in contact with the inner masking layer 7 .

[0485] If desired, the ITO based layer has a 15' spacing in line with the light source 4.

[0486] Fig. 9 A schematic cross-sectional view (with peripheral light injection) of a luminous laminated motor vehicle glazing 900 in a ninth embodiment is shown.

[0487] The difference between the glazing 900 (e.g., the roof) and the glazing 100 is that:

[0488] - a first additional upper layer 31 between the second face 12 and the interlayer 3, which is a polymer adhesive layer, thermoplastic (PVB, EVA, TPU) or made of a crosslinked polymer (OCA type), in particular in the form of a film or coating deposited on the second face, and having a refractive index n1, wherein n0-n1 is at least 0.04 or even at least 0.1 or at least 0.15 or 0.2 or 0.25 in the visible range, and in particular n1 <nv,

[0489] - a first additional lower layer 32 between the interlayer 3 and the third face 12, which is a polymer adhesive layer, thermoplastic (PVB, EVA, TPU) or crosslinked polymer (OCA type), in particular in the form of a film or coating deposited on the third face, having a refractive index n'1, wherein n0-n'1 is at least 0.04 or even at least 0.1 or at least 0.15 or 0.2 or 0.25 in the visible range, and in particular n1 <nv。

[0490] The thickness of the first additional upper layer 31 is at least 1 μm (especially if it is a coating) or 30 μm (especially if it is an OCA film), and is preferably below the millimeter level.

[0491] The thickness of the first additional lower layer 32 is at least 1 μm (especially if it is a coating) or 30 μm (especially if it is an OCA film), and is preferably below the millimeter level.

[0492] The thickness of the first additional upper layer and / or lower layer may be adapted to the mechanical contribution.

[0493] Due to these layers 31 and 32, it is possible to select an intermediate bonding layer 3 with n0 lower than 1.56 (as in embodiment 100). For example, if n1 is at most 1.43, n0 is selected to be at most 1.47; if n1 is at most 1.4, n0 is selected to be at most 1.44.

[0494] To form the OCA coatings 31, 32, the following resins may be used as low-refractive-index cross-linkable liquid adhesives:

[0495] - based on polyurethane acrylates, for example from Norland, in particular the product known as LOCANorland NOA 1315 (refractive index 1.315), which is an aliphatic polyurethane acrylate,

[0496] - based on fluorinated polyurethane acrylates, for example from Shin-A, in particular the products known as SFA 335 (refractive index 1.335-1.339) or SFA 387 (refractive index 1.385-1.389),

[0497] Based on acrylates, such as, in particular, the product known as UZ 181A from AKChemTeck (refractive index 1.47) or the product known as UVEKOL S15 from Allnex (refractive index 1.44).

[0498] As PSA film based on acrylate, mention may be made of the product CS986 from Nitto (refractive index 1.47).

[0499] As silicone-based PSA film (for the first additional lower and / or upper layer, preferred due to its low refractive index), mention may be made of Opt Alpha Gel from Taica (refractive index 1.41).

[0500] The adhesive interlayer 3 can also be based on acrylates, such as, in particular, the product known as UZ181A from AK ChemTeck (refractive index 1.47) or the product known as UVEKOLS15 from Allnex (refractive index 1.44).

[0501] In another example of an intermediate bonding layer 3 in the form of a coating, a UV-crosslinkable resin based on mercaptoester is deposited: the product known as NOA 65 from Norland, having a refractive index equal to 1.524.

[0502] For the intermediate adhesive layer 3, mention may be made of acrylate-based PSA films, and mention may be made of the product CS986 (refractive index 1.47) from Nitto.

[0503] The OCA three-layer structure includes all acrylate-based coatings, preferably avoiding chemical contamination:

[0504] -Coating 31 / Film 3 / Coating 32

[0505] - Film 31 / Coating 3 / Coating 32

[0506] -Coating 31 / Coating 3 / Film 32

[0507] - Film 31 / Coating 3 / Film 32

[0508] -Membrane 31 / Membrane 3 / Membrane 32.

[0509] Three-layer constructions with thermoplastic or OCA adhesives are possible:

[0510] -OCA coating 31 / film 3 / PVB or EVA 32

[0511] -pVB film 31 / film 3 / OCA coating 32

[0512] -pVB film 31 / film 3 / PVB film 32

[0513] - pVB or EVA film 31 / film 3 / EVA film 32 .

[0514] Since EVA has a lower refractive index than TPU, laminating glass, especially organic glass, may be preferred.

[0515] Furthermore, if desired, a so-called PVB frame layer (not shown) may surround the edges of the intermediate adhesive layer. One or both of the layers 31 and 32 may be a PVB layer that protrudes beyond the edges 30', 30 of the layer 3, or even without any discernible interface with the frame layer between these protruding edges of the layers 31 and 32.

[0516] The first lower layer and / or the upper layer may be a layer that protrudes beyond the edge of the layer 3, or even does not have any discernible interface with the frame layer.

[0517] The difference between the glazing 900 and the first glazing 100 is that:

[0518] the diode 4 emits light laterally below the peripheral portion 121 of the second face 12 and is masked from the outside by the inner masking layer 7 or even bonded to the portion 121 by means of an adhesive 60 (double-sided tape, etc.),

[0519] The second glass sheet 2 may be smaller than the first glass sheet 1 (edge ​​21 is recessed from edge 10 ).

[0520] Fig.10 A schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting laminated glazing 1000 for a motor vehicle in a tenth embodiment is shown. Fig.10 'Shows Fig.10 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0521] This glazing 1000 (e.g. a car roof) differs from the previous glazing 900 in that the diodes 4 are front-emitting. A diode support (diode strip) 5 can be wedged between the second face 12 and the support 5 and / or between the support 5 and the third face 13 by means of spacers (not shown). A further light source 4' is added to a further support 5', which is a PCB (here two separate or possibly connected pieces) along the longitudinal edge 22 opposite the first edge 21. For example, the color and the on / off trigger can be changed.

[0522] If the inner masking layer 7 is not sufficiently opaque to mask the diode 4 , an opaque element may be added between the diode and the inner masking layer 7 .

[0523] The diode support 5 (or 5') may protrude from the edge face 10 and / or 21, holding the diode in contact with the light guide 3. The contact may be an adhesive bond between the diode (the emitting face or optical face) and the layer 3 forming the light guide.

[0524] Instead of (or in combination with) linear light sources of the diode bar 4 type, local light sources may be mounted in peripheral holes 17 of the interlayer 3, for example along the rear front lateral edge 20 of the glazing.

[0525] Fig.11 A schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting laminated glazing 1100 for a motor vehicle in an eleventh embodiment

[0526] The difference between the glazing 1100 (e.g., the roof) and the glazing 1000 is mainly as follows:

[0527] - the coupling edge 30 is recessed to form a groove 41 , the diode 4 and the support 5 are accommodated in an L-shaped profile with a base 80 , and the return 81 is accommodated in the groove 41 ,

[0528] - Addition (first, and here only) of an additional upper adhesive layer 33 between the second face and the additional upper adhesive layer 31 (thermoplastic or OCA) as described above, or even of a non-adhesive thermoplastic, for example for mechanical reinforcement, in particular layer 33, which is a thermoplastic film of: PVB, for example 0.38 or 0.76 mm or TPU or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting).

[0529] The additional upper layer 31 is for example a thermoplastic film (with sufficiently low refractive index, for example at least 30 μm), for example forming a barrier film, preferably PVB, between the OCA lightguide layer 3 and the additional upper adhesive layer 33. The thermoplastic film 31 may have another function (extraction film, athermal film, etc.).

[0530] The additional upper layer 31 is, for example, the OCA layer already described, and the additional upper adhesive layer 33 is PVB, or vice versa if the refractive index of the PVB is sufficiently low.

[0531] Extraction means 6 ′ may also be arranged between the layer 3 and the additional upper layer 31 (light extraction from the interior (or the exterior of other glazings)).

[0532] The extraction device 6 or 6' is in the transparent glass area, but may be peripheral, below the internal masking layer in the area where there is no internal masking layer 7'.

[0533] Additionally or alternatively, an additional lower (first) adhesive layer may be added between the additional lower polymer layer 32 (adhesive, OCA or thermoplastic or non-adhesive, in particular thermoplastic film) and the third face 13, for example for mechanical reinforcement. In particular, the lower (first) additional adhesive layer is a thermoplastic film of: PVB (for example 0.38 or 0.76 mm) or TPU or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting). In particular, if the second sheet is organic glass, EVA is selected.

[0534] Fig.12 A schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing 1200 for a motor vehicle in a second embodiment is shown (with peripheral light injection). Fig.12 'show Fig.12 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0535] The glazing 1200 (eg, a vehicle roof) differs from the glazing 1000 in that the coupling edge 30 is recessed to form a groove, and the side light-emitting diode 4 and the carrier 5 are located in the groove 41 .

[0536] The coupling edge 30 may include recesses for inserting the diode and the carrier.

[0537] Fig.13 A schematic cross-sectional view (with light injection through the glass) of a luminous laminated glazing 1300 for a motor vehicle in a thirteenth embodiment is shown.

[0538] The glazing 1300 (eg a vehicle roof) differs from the glazing 1000 in its light injection, in particular in the position of the light sources 4 .

[0539] The diode 4 (here front emitting) on ​​the diode support 5 is opposite (or offset) to the fourth main face 14 and the optical coupling to the layer 3 is accomplished via a light redirecting element (such as a redirecting optical film 9) facing the inner masking layer 7 for local guidance.

[0540] For example, this is a prismatic polymer film (polyester such as PET, or PC), which preferably has reflective prisms 91 and flat parts 92, for example a film with a thickness of 100 to 300 μm, preferably up to 150 μm). The prismatic film 9 forms longitudinal strips along the longitudinal edge 21 of, for example, the roof, similar to the linear light source 4 using diodes. The diode beam can be inclined instead of vertical.

[0541] Here, the prismatic film 9 is on the surface of the adhesive layer 3 forming the light guide.

[0542] The prisms protrude from the lightguide forming adhesive layer 3 and are in contact with the additional upper layer 31 (OCA or thermoplastic adhesive variant). Otherwise, the prismatic film 9 is completely or partially within the lightguide forming adhesive layer 3, for example closer to the second face than the third face.

[0543] The prismatic film 9 is thinner than the light-guiding adhesive layer 3, for example no thinner than 0.5 mm or 0.4 mm. It is a flexible curved film that adapts to the curvature of the glazing, for example a transparent plastic film with a reflective coating, or ultra-thin glass with a reflective coating.

[0544] The prismatic film 9 and / or the light source are, for example, at most 100 mm and / or preferably at least 10 or 20 mm away from the transparent glass area.

[0545] If the inner masking layer 7 is not sufficiently opaque to mask the diode 4 , an opaque element 83 may be added between the film 9 and the inner masking layer 7 .

[0546] Alternatively, the prisms may be oriented towards the OCA lightguide layer 3. Alternatively, the prismatic film is transparent and between the lower layer 32 and the lightguide layer 3.

[0547] Fig.14 A schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing 1400 for a motor vehicle in a fourteenth embodiment is shown.

[0548] This glazing 1400 (e.g. a car roof) differs from the previous glazing 1300 in that a first additional adhesive layer 33 made of a polymer is added between the second face and the additional upper layer 31 also made of a polymer. For example, the additional adhesive layer 33 provides mechanical reinforcement, in particular a PVB film of, for example, 0.38 or 0.76 mm.

[0549] The additional upper layer 31 can be an adhesive (OCA or thermoplastic) or a thermoplastic film (non-adhesive). The additional upper layer 31 can be a thermoplastic film (with a sufficiently low refractive index, and for example at least 30 μm), for example forming a barrier film between the OCA lightguide layer 3 and the first additional upper PVB adhesive layer 33. The thermoplastic film 31 can have another function (extraction film, athermal film, etc.).

[0550] Extraction means 6' may also be provided between the layer 3 and the additional upper layer 31, internal or external light extraction (depending on the type of glazing).

[0551] The extraction device 6 or 6' is in the transparent glass area, but may be peripheral, below the inner shielding layer in the area where there is no inner shielding layer 7'.

[0552] Alternatively, the prisms may be oriented towards the OCA lightguide layer 3. Alternatively, the prismatic film is transparent and between the lower layer 32 and the lightguide layer 3.

[0553] Fig.15 A schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing 1500 for a motor vehicle in a fifteenth embodiment is shown.

[0554] Firstly, the glazing 1500 (eg, a vehicle roof) differs from the previous glazing 1400 in that it emits ambient light (similar to the glazing 900 ).

[0555] This glazing 1500 differs from the previous glazing 1400 in that a first (and only) additional lower polymer adhesive layer 34 is added between the additional lower polymer layer 32 and the third face 13. For example, the additional lower adhesive layer 34 provides mechanical reinforcement and is in particular a PVB film, for example 0.38 or 0.76 mm thick, or EVA or TPU.

[0556] The additional lower layer 32 can be an adhesive (OCA or thermoplastic) or a thermoplastic film (non-adhesive). The additional lower layer 32 can be a thermoplastic film (with a sufficiently low refractive index, and for example at least 30 μm), for example forming a barrier film between the OCA lightguide layer 3 and the first additional upper adhesive layer 33 (PVB, etc.).

[0557] For example, the following stack may be between faces 12 and 13:

[0558] -PVB 33 / thermoplastic film (barrier film, LOCA support 3, athermal film, etc.) or OCA film (PSA film, etc.) 31 / LOCA film or coating 3 / thermoplastic film 3 (barrier film, LOCA support 3) or OCA film 32 / PVB 34

[0559] - PVB or EVA or TPU 33 / thermoplastic film (barrier film, LOCA support 3, athermal film, etc.) or OCA film (PSA film, etc.) 31 / LOCA film or coating 3 / thermoplastic film (barrier film, LOCA support 3) or OCA film 32 / EVA or TPU 34 (if it is an organic sheet 2).

[0560] Fig.16A schematic cross-sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing 1600 for a motor vehicle in a sixteenth embodiment is shown.

[0561] The glazing 1500 (for example, a vehicle roof) differs from the glazing 900 in that between the additional upper layer 31 and the second surface 12 there is an increase in the following order:

[0562] a first additional upper layer 33, polymeric, which is adhesive, OCA (especially film) or thermoplastic, or thermoplastic film (non-adhesive) such as PET or glass (non-adhesive LOCA or film without thermal support, pigmented, barrier film between OCA and adhesive thermoplastic, etc.), especially pigmented,

[0563] - A second additional upper adhesive layer 35 made of polymer, OCA or thermoplastic (PVB, etc.), in particular pigmented.

[0564] For example, we have the following layer sequence: PVB 35 / thermoplastic film (barrier or athermal or LOCA backing etc.) tq PET 33 / film or OCA coating (possibly pigmented) 31.

[0565] And between the additional lower layer 32 and the third face, increase in the following order:

[0566] - a first additional lower layer 34 of polymer (adhesive, OCA or thermoplastic, or thermoplastic (non-adhesive) film),

[0567] - A second additional lower adhesive layer 36 made of polymer.

[0568] For example, the sequence is: OCA film (possibly colored) 32 / thermoplastic film (barrier film, etc.) tqPET 34 / PVB 36 .

[0569] It can be an asymmetric structure with three layers 31, 33, 35 (adhesive) and two layers 32 (possible adhesive), 34 (adhesive) or oppositely: three layers 32 (possible adhesive), 34 (possible adhesive), 36 (adhesive) and two layers 31, 33 (adhesive).

[0570] In all shown implementations:

[0571] - At least one of the upper layers 31, 33, 35 may be colored

[0572] - and / or the first sheet 1 can be colored and / or transparent, with a athermal coating (silver stack, etc.).

[0573] The refractive indices nv and n'v may be different, especially n'v>nv (plastic sheets, etc.), but n'1 and n1 may also be different. In particular, if n'v is high enough, there may be an additional upper layer OCA without an additional lower layer (n'v=n'1), wherein the total internal reflection is provided by the second sheet.

[0574] When the diode support (diode strip) 5 is between the second and third surfaces, it can be clamped and / or wedged by means of spacers between the second surface 12 and the support 5 or the profile that accommodates the support and / or between the third surface 13 and the support 5 or the profile that accommodates the support.

[0575] The second (inner) glass sheet can be made of organic glass, such as PC, PMMA.

Claims

1. An illuminated glazing (100 to 1600) for a vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, comprising a laminated glazing, preferably a curved laminated glazing, comprising: - a first sheet (1), made of mineral or organic glass, having a first main face (11) and a second main face (12), - a second sheet (2), made of mineral or organic glass, having a third main face (13) and a fourth main face (14), - polymer laminate interlayers (3, 31 to 36), - a first upper layer having a refractive index n1 in the visible range, - a first lower layer having a refractive index n'1 in the visible range, The first upper layer is the first sheet or the first additional upper layer (31) between the first sheet and the interlayer, The first lower layer is the second sheet or the first additional lower layer (32) between the second sheet and the interlayer, an interlayer between and in contact with the first lower layer and the upper layer, said interlayer having a refractive index n0 in the visible range, wherein n0-n1 is at least 0.04 in the visible range and n0-n'1 is at least 0.04 in the visible range, - a light source (4) optically coupled to the interlayer forming the light guide, - light extraction means for extracting the light (6, 6') guided in the interlayer, Characterized in that the interlayer is an intermediate adhesive layer (3) of a cross-linked polymer material, with a thickness E0 of at most 2 mm and at least 200 μm, forming all or part of the lamination interlayer.

2. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to the preceding claim, characterized in that The crosslinked polymer material of the intermediate adhesive layer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylate-based polymers, in particular polyurethane acrylates, or epoxy-based or polyepoxide-based polymers, or polyfluorenes having acrylate functionality.

3. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that n0 is at least 1.5 or 1.53, the intermediate adhesive layer is preferably based on polyfluorenes with acrylate functions or on epoxy resins, and / or on polymers, preferably polyacrylates or silicone acrylates or polyurethane acrylates, filled with nanoparticles having a refractive index of at least 1.

8.

4. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that n1 is at most 1.48 or even at most 1.45 or 1.4, and the first additional upper layer, preferably adhesive, in particular made of a cross-linked polymer material, is a film or a coating, and n'1 is at most 1.48 or even at most 1.45 or 1.4, and the first additional lower layer, preferably adhesive, in particular made of a cross-linked polymer material, is a film or a coating.

5. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate adhesive layer (3) is a self-supporting cross-linked polymer film, which is particularly selected from: a pressure-sensitive film, preferably with acrylates, in particular based on polyfluorenes having said acrylate functions, or based on polyacrylates or silicone acrylates or polyurethane acrylates, or a post-adhesive film of a polymer which is partially crosslinked before assembly and which is preferably photocrosslinked and has acrylates, in particular based on polyfluorenes having the acrylate functions or on polyacrylates or silicone acrylates or polyurethane acrylates.

6. The illuminated vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The intermediate adhesive layer (3) is an adhesive coating on a non-adhesive backing as a first additional upper or lower layer, and the backing preferably has an additional cross-linked polymer adhesive layer on the opposite major side and / or is in contact with the thermoplastic adhesive layer of the lamination interlayer.

7. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The first additional upper layer (31) is a coating on the second side, in particular made of porous silicon dioxide, and / or the first additional lower layer is a coating on the third side, in particular made of porous silicon dioxide.

8. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The first additional upper layer (31) is an adhesive layer made of thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer material or a thermoplastic film and / or the first additional lower layer (32) is an adhesive layer made of thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer material or a thermoplastic film having a thickness of at least 30 μm and below the millimeter level.

9. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The first additional upper layer (31) is an adhesive made of a cross-linked polymer material and / or the first additional lower layer (32) is an adhesive made of a cross-linked polymer material, the cross-linked polymer material being selected from polymers based on: polyacrylates, in particular based on polyurethane acrylates or fluorinated polyurethane acrylates or fluorosilicone acrylates, polysiloxanes, silicones, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes, epoxy polymers or polyepoxides, polyurethanes, polyvinyl acetates, polyesters, and in particular the cross-linked polymer material of the first additional upper layer and / or lower layer is selected from polymers based on acrylates, in particular selected from polyurethane acrylates or silicone acrylates or based on silicones, and further having fluorinated functions.

10. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that It comprises on the second side a thermoplastic adhesive layer (31), which is a first additional upper layer or an additional layer (33) between the second side and the first additional upper layer, in particular a non-adhesive thermoplastic film or glass, and on the third side, below the intermediate adhesive layer, the glazing preferably contains no thermoplastic adhesive layer.

11. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that It comprises, starting from the second side (12), an additional upper thermoplastic adhesive layer (35), a thermoplastic film (33), a first additional upper layer made of a cross-linked polymer material (31), and / or it comprises, starting from the third side, an additional lower thermoplastic adhesive layer (35), a thermoplastic film (33), a first additional lower layer made of a cross-linked polymer material.

12. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that It comprises between the second and third faces a stack selected from the following, which may be strict: -(first PVB or EVA film) / first additional upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / (second PVB or EVA or TPU film) - or first PVB or EVA film / first additional upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / - or first PVB adhesive sheet / (thermoplastic film) / first additional upper adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / (thermoplastic film) / (second PVB adhesive sheet) - or first PVB or EVA adhesive sheet / (thermoplastic film) / first additional upper adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / (thermoplastic film) / (second PVB or EVA adhesive sheet) - or first PVB adhesive sheet / (thermoplastic film) / first additional upper cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / (thermoplastic film) / (second PVB adhesive sheet) - or first EVA adhesive sheet / (thermoplastic film) / first additional cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / middle adhesive layer / first additional lower cross-linked polymer adhesive layer / (thermoplastic film) / (second EVA adhesive sheet), And in that preferably the first additional upper layer and / or the first additional lower layer is a crosslinked polymer film, in particular a PSA, or even the stack consists of a plurality of films.

13. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The first additional upper layer (31) is a thermoplastic film at least 30 μm thick and below the millimeter level, which is bonded to the second surface by at least one additional upper adhesive layer (33) made of a cross-linked polymer or thermoplastic material or two additional upper adhesive layers, the first of the two additional upper adhesive layers being made of a cross-linked polymer material and the second being made of a thermoplastic polymer material bonded to the second surface.

14. Illuminated glazing for a motor vehicle according to the preceding claim, characterised in that The luminous glazing is selected from: - Local scattering films, especially textured on one side of the adhesive interlayer - Functional films: athermal or heated, containing conductive coatings, especially low-e coatings, heated, especially conductive coatings on the second side - Fluoropolymer membranes, wherein n1 is not more than 1.5 -Coloring film The film, possibly in the form of a coating, supports the intermediate adhesive layer.

15. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that At least one optical film is between the intermediate adhesive layer and one of the first additional upper or lower layers, even in contact with the intermediate adhesive layer, and is characterized in that the optical film, in particular a polymer, is chosen from: - Extraction film, forming a device for extracting guided light - and / or a local redirecting film, in particular a prismatic film, in particular a reflector between the intermediate adhesive layer and the first upper additional layer, or preferably a transparent prismatic film between the first additional lower layer and the interlayer, forming a device for redirecting light from a light source (4) on one side of a fourth or even offset face of the assembled glass into the intermediate adhesive layer.

16. Illuminated glazing according to one of the preceding claims, in particular for road vehicles, characterized in that The first film is pigmented and / or the first additional upper layer is pigmented and / or the additional upper adhesive layer is pigmented.

17. Illuminated glazing for a vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The light extraction device (6, 6') comprises: a texture of a texturing element, the texturing element being selected from the group consisting of the intermediate adhesive layer, or at least one of the first upper and lower layers, in particular at least one of the first additional upper and lower layers, or at least one of the second and third faces, or an extraction film, the extraction film being interposed between one of the first upper and lower layers, in particular at least one of the first additional upper and lower layers, or at least one of the second and third faces, and the intermediate adhesive layer, - or a scattering layer comprising a binder and scattering particles and / or voids, said scattering layer being interposed between any of the first upper layer or the lower layer and the intermediate adhesive layer.

18. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The injection of light from a light source, preferably a light source comprising an assembly of light-emitting diodes (4) on a diode support (5), into the intermediate bonding layer is: 1) the light source is preferably below the second face or even between the second face and the third face, through the edge face of the intermediate adhesive layer or the wall defining the closed hole in the intermediate adhesive layer, 2) or through a local light redirecting element (9), such as an optical redirecting film, in particular a reflective prism film between the intermediate adhesive layer and the first upper layer, or a transparent prism film between the intermediate adhesive layer and the first lower layer, the light source is directed toward or deviated from the fourth main surface, in particular the light source and the light redirecting element are deviated from the transparent glass area.

19. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The light source comprises a group of diodes (4) on a diode carrier (5), in particular a diode carrier which is completely or partially between the second face and the third face, the diode carrier preferably being curved and / or protruding beyond the edge of the glazing.

20. Illuminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The so-called frame layer surrounds the outer periphery of the intermediate adhesive layer or even the first additional lower layer and one or more of the upper layers, preferably as a frame layer of a thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer adhesive layer in contact with the intermediate adhesive layer or even optionally in adhesive contact with the third surface and / or with the second surface, in particular a frame layer deviating from the transparent glass area.

21. Illuminated motor vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that It comprises an inner peripheral opaque masking layer between the third face and the second face, or even covers the periphery of the intermediate adhesive layer, in particular in contact with the second main face, in particular defining a transparent glass area, and in particular when the second sheet is an interior glazing, it optionally comprises an inner peripheral opaque masking layer on the fourth main face, which in particular corresponds to the width of the internal masking layer or has a width less than the width of the internal masking layer.

22. Illuminated glazing for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The first pane is in particular an outer pane, the glazing being selected from the group consisting of a roof, a windshield, a side window, or the first pane is an inner pane, the glazing being selected from the group consisting of a windshield, a side window, a rear window, a rear door glazing, in particular the outer pane being made of mineral glass.

23. A vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, incorporating at least one luminous glazing unit according to one of the preceding claims.

24. Method for producing an illuminated glazing for vehicles, in particular for road vehicles, according to one of claims 1 to 22, comprising assembling a first glass sheet, a laminate interlayer comprising at least an intermediate adhesive layer, and a second glass sheet, the intermediate adhesive layer being a PSA film or a post-adhesive film made of a polymer material which is partially photocrosslinked before assembly, or an adhesive coating forming a first additional upper or lower layer on a polymer support or ultra-thin glass.

25. Method for manufacturing an illuminated glazing for vehicles, in particular for road vehicles, according to any one of claims 1 to 22, comprising assembling a first glass sheet, a laminate interlayer comprising at least an intermediate adhesive layer and a second glass sheet, the method comprising prior to the assembly, crosslinking the layer by liquid deposition, preferably photo-crosslinking the intermediate adhesive layer.

Images