A method of distant grafting of pear and loquat

Abstract

The application discloses a method for distant grafting of pear and loquat, and belongs to the technical field of plant grafting and planting. The method for distant grafting of pear and loquat comprises the following steps: after the rootstock and the scion are grafted by means of wedge grafting, a healing promoter is sprayed, and then the grafting part is wrapped; when the rootstock is a pear tree, the scion is a loquat branch; when the rootstock is a loquat tree, the scion is a pear branch; the healing promoter comprises the following components in mass fraction: sea-buckthorn extract 10-12 parts, immature fruit extract 6-7 parts, brassinolide 0.1-0.3 parts, crab shell extract 0.5-0.8 parts and chitosan 8-10 parts. The method can significantly improve the survival rate of the distant grafted plant, and is expected to obtain an excellent hybrid of distant grafting, and has important significance in fruit tree cultivation and breeding.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plant grafting, in particular to a method for grafting pear and loquat. BACKGROUND

[0002] Grafting is one of the effective techniques for plant species innovation, new variety rapid propagation and rescue of damaged tree body. Far-range grafting refers to the grafting between plants of different species, genera or more distant species, especially between plants of different families. According to the genetic relationship between the stock and the scion used for plant grafting, far-range grafting of plants can be divided into inter-specific far-range grafting, inter-generic far-range grafting and inter-familial far-range grafting. Far-range grafting of plants has always been a very attractive research topic. Through far-range grafting, excellent characteristics such as strong resistance, disease and insect resistance, and fast growth that cannot be obtained by close-range or intra-species hybridization can be obtained, which can improve the ornamental value, improve the fruit quality, increase the yield, and enhance the resistance and adaptability of plants in plant cultivation; in breeding practice, the incompatibility barrier of far-range hybridization can be overcome to cultivate far-range grafting hybrids; it can also be used as an important means for research in plant genetics, plant physiology and molecular biology.

[0003] However, the survival rate of far-range grafting of plants is generally low, mainly because the genetic background of the stock and the scion is quite different, and the healing ability after grafting is low. After grafting, the growth of the plant is usually weak, slow or deformed. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method to improve the survival rate of far-range grafting and the growth of far-range grafted plants. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for grafting pear and loquat, to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present application: a method for grafting pear and loquat, comprising the following steps:

[0007] After grafting the stock and the scion by means of wedge grafting, a healing promoter is sprayed, and then the grafting site is wrapped;

[0008] When the stock is a pear tree, the scion is a loquat branch; when the stock is a loquat tree, the scion is a pear branch;

[0009] The healing promoter comprises the following components in mass fraction: sea buckthorn extract 10-12 parts, immature fruit extract 6-7 parts, brassinolide 0.1-0.3 parts, crab shell extract 0.5-0.8 parts and chitosan 8-10 parts.

[0010] Further, the preparation method of the sea buckthorn extract comprises the following steps:

[0011] crushing seabuckthorn fruit and passing high-temperature steam into the seabuckthorn fruit, collecting steam condensate water and seabuckthorn fruit crushing material;

[0012] adding the seabuckthorn fruit crushing material and steam condensate water into an ethanol solution, heating and extracting to obtain an extract;

[0013] cooling the extract, centrifuging, taking supernatant and freeze-drying to obtain the seabuckthorn extract.

[0014] Further, the temperature of the high-temperature steam is 105-115℃, and the passing time is 20-30 min;

[0015] The concentration of the ethanol solution is 40-45vol.%;

[0016] The use amount ratio of the seabuckthorn fruit to the ethanol solution is 1g:10-15mL;

[0017] The heating and extracting temperature is 80-100℃, and the time is 1-2h;

[0018] The centrifuging speed is 10000-15000rpm, and the time is 10 min.

[0019] The seabuckthorn extract is rich in amino acids and flavonoids, the amino acids can combine with the protein or phospholipid on the cell membrane, so that the cell membrane maintains its stability, and has a protective effect on the grafted seedling cells; the flavonoids have an antioxidant effect, can remove free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, thereby delaying cell aging, maintaining the cell viability at the grafting interface, and improving the survival rate of grafting.

[0020] Further, the preparation method of the fructus aurantii immaturi extract comprises the following steps:

[0021] crushing fructus aurantii immaturi and mixing with an ethanol solution, heating and refluxing to extract, concentrating the extract and freeze-drying to obtain the fructus aurantii immaturi extract.

[0022] Further, the concentration of the ethanol solution is 70-80vol.%;

[0023] The use amount ratio of the fructus aurantii immaturi to the ethanol solution is 1g:8-10mL;

[0024] The heating and refluxing extracting temperature is 85-90℃, and the time is 3-4h.

[0025] The extract of Chinese bitter orange can act on the bacterial cell membrane or cell wall, degrade the cell wall structure of the bacteria, increase the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, cause the macromolecular contents in the cell to seep out of the cell, weaken the movement force of the proton, and finally cause the bacteria to be inactivated and die, thereby avoiding the problem that the grafting interface is infected due to the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, and further causing the grafting interface to rot or even the grafted plant to be unable to survive.

[0026] Further, the preparation method of the crab shell extract comprises the following steps:

[0027] The crab shell is crushed and then added into a hydrochloric acid solution, stirred and reacted, and then filtered to obtain the decalcified crab shell powder;

[0028] Water is added into the decalcified crab shell powder, the pH is adjusted to 6.5-7, an enzymatic hydrolysis agent is added, and then the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is performed, the enzyme is inactivated, and then solid-liquid separation and drying are performed to obtain the crab shell extract.

[0029] Further, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2-3 wt.%;

[0030] The usage ratio of the crab shell to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1 g: 7-9 mL;

[0031] The stirring speed of the stirring reaction is 200-300 rpm, and the time is 1-2 h;

[0032] The usage amount of the enzymatic hydrolysis agent is 0.01-0.02% of the mass of the crab shell;

[0033] The temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is 35-45℃, and the time is 2-3 h;

[0034] The enzymatic hydrolysis agent comprises the following components in mass fraction: 10-12 parts of deacetylase, 2-3 parts of cellulase, 2-3 parts of hemicellulase, and 3-6 parts of lipase.

[0035] The crab shell extract is rich in chitosan oligosaccharide, which can promote the formation of callus and improve the grafting survival rate in cooperation with brassinolide.

[0036] The chitosan in the healing promoter can form a protective film at the incision site, prevent bacteria from invading the incision, prevent the loss of water and nutrients, and improve the grafting survival rate.

[0037] The seabuckthorn extract, Chinese bitter orange extract, brassinolide, crab shell extract and chitosan in the healing promoter can improve cell viability while protecting cell activity, promote the formation of callus, avoid the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and the loss of water and nutrients, and thus can improve the grafting survival rate. Furthermore, the grafting interface can be better healed, and the growth of the grafted plant can be improved.

[0038] Further, the pear and loquat distant relative grafting method further comprises applying a water-retaining agent to the front of the grafting interface after spraying the healing promoter.

[0039] Further, the water-retaining agent preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0040] The polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in water, then a persulfate salt is added and uniformly mixed, then sodium alginate and aluminum chloride are added, and a heating reaction is performed, and the water-retaining agent is obtained after cooling.

[0041] Further, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the persulfate salt, the sodium alginate and the aluminum chloride is 1:0.5:0.1:0.1.

[0042] The heating reaction temperature is 80-90 DEG C, and the time is 1-1.5 h.

[0043] The water-retaining agent can promote rapid healing of the grafting interface, has certain air permeability, can provide water for the grafted plant, can avoid grafting interface rotting caused by air impermeability, and can significantly improve the survival rate of the grafted plant.

[0044] The present application discloses the following technical effects:

[0045] (1) The method can significantly improve the survival rate of the distant relative grafted plant, and can obtain excellent hybridization of distant relative grafting, which has important significance in fruit tree cultivation and breeding.

[0046] (2) The method can overcome the problems of weak growth, slow growth or abnormal shape of the distant relative grafted plant, and can obtain a healthy and vigorous grafted plant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0048] Figure 1 The growth conditions of the pear tree rootstock and loquat scion after grafting in Example 1, wherein A is 1 month after grafting, B is 2 months after grafting, C is 3 months after grafting, D is 6 months after grafting, E is 10 months after grafting, F is 15 months after grafting, and G is 18 months after grafting.

[0049] Figure 2 The growth conditions of the loquat tree rootstock and pear scion after grafting in Example 3, wherein A is the grafting day, B is 1 month after grafting, C is 3 months after grafting, and D is 6 months after grafting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail, with reference to the figures. The detailed description is merely intended to teach a person of ordinary skill in the art how to make and use the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. Rather, the claimed scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

[0051] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. Additionally, for a range of values of a parameter, unless otherwise stated, each intervening value of the parameter is also specifically included within the scope of the present application. The intervening values of the parameter are combined with a stated value of the parameter in range form. These are only exemplary of the various values that can be used, and others will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the disclosure. Also, various "combinations" can be included within the scope of the application. These combinations refer to the various intervening values of the parameters included within the scope of the present application, as well as if such intervening values are to be combined with stated value of the parameter in the claim.

[0052] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the present application, the preferred methods and materials are described herein. All patents, patent applications, publications, and descriptions mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety for the disclosure and

[0053] Many modifications and variations of this application can be made in the light of the above teachings without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Other implementations of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. The examples and embodiments described herein are exemplary only and are not intended to be limiting.

[0054] It is also to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. The use of terms such as "including" as well as words of similar import in

[0055] Pyrus is a deciduous tree or shrub belonging to the Rosaceae family, Amygdaloideae subfamily, and Pyrus genus. China is one of the three major centers of origin for Pyrus, with a cultivation history of more than 3000 years. At present, there are thousands of Pyrus varieties, which are mainly divided into two groups, European Pyrus and Asian Pyrus. Most Pyrus varieties are diploid (2n = 34), and the Pyrus genus contains at least 22 well-defined basic species, but only a few species, such as Pyrus bretschneideri, Pyrus pyrifolia, Pyrus ussuriensis, Pyrus sinkiangensis, and Pyrus communis, are used for pear production. Pear is one of the major fruit tree species in China, with a cultivation area and yield ranking first in the world.

[0056] Eriobotrya is a evergreen fruit tree belonging to the Rosaceae family, Amygdaloideae subfamily, and Eriobotrya genus. The fruit of Eriobotrya is delicious and has high nutritional and medicinal values. Eriobotrya also originated in China and has been cultivated since the Han Dynasty more than 2000 years ago. At present, Eriobotrya is cultivated in more than 30 countries around the world, including China, Japan, the United States, France, Italy, Egypt, and Spain. Most Eriobotrya varieties are diploid (2n = 34) and contain about 26 species, which are mainly divided into two groups, white-fleshed and yellow-fleshed, according to the color of the flesh and the skin. Eriobotrya is also an important medicinal plant, and its roots, leaves, and flowers have been used to treat diabetes, cancer, bacterial infections, aging, pain, and allergies, etc.

[0057] Pear and loquat belong to the same family but different genera, and one is a deciduous fruit tree and the other is an evergreen fruit tree. They are relatively distant in their genetic relationship. The grafting of the two is called intergeneric grafting, which is a way of distant grafting and a difficult problem in plant grafting. There are also records of intergeneric grafting in the Ming Dynasty's Yu Zongben's Shengshu Shu (Book of Planting Trees), such as: "Plum grafting on peach is brittle, and peach grafting on apricot is large" (interspecific grafting), "Citrus orange is easy to live on root thorn" (intergeneric grafting), "Mulberry grafting on plum is not sour" (interfamilial grafting), etc. At present, there have been some successful reports of distant grafting across families in China, such as the cultivation of new varieties such as "sweet potato wheat" by distant grafting of sweet potato and wheat, which shows that distant grafting can improve crop varieties and improve crop quality. However, the survival rate of distant grafting is not very ideal at present.

[0058] Successful distant grafting of pear and loquat may improve the growth ability of pear scions after defoliation, improve yield and fruit quality, and also improve the fruit quality of loquat scions. In addition, it can also cultivate new distant grafting hybrid varieties.

[0059] The "parts" in the following examples are "mass parts".

[0060] The far-distance grafting test in the following examples and comparative examples of the present application was carried out in the pear test demonstration base of Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Pomology (east longitude 118°51'0'', north latitude 32°2'14''), which is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and belongs to the north subtropical humid climate. The annual average precipitation is 1106.5 mm, the maximum temperature is 42.7℃, the minimum temperature is -13.1℃, and the annual average temperature is 15.4℃.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] A method for far-distance grafting of pear and loquat:

[0063] (1) The healing promoter is composed of the following components in mass fraction: sea buckthorn extract 12 g, immature fruit of Chinese orange extract 6 g, brassinolide 0.2 g, crab shell extract 0.8 g, and chitosan 9 g (molecular weight 50-100 thousand).

[0064] A. Preparation of sea buckthorn extract:

[0065] Fresh sea buckthorn fruits were crushed by a crusher and then high-temperature steam (temperature of high-temperature steam was 110℃, and the steam was introduced for 30 min) was introduced into the crushed sea buckthorn fruits. The steam condensate and the crushed sea buckthorn fruits were collected.

[0066] The crushed sea buckthorn fruits and the steam condensate were added into an ethanol aqueous solution with a concentration of 45vol.% (the ratio of the amount of sea buckthorn fruits to the amount of the ethanol aqueous solution was 1g:12mL), and heated for extraction (temperature was 90℃, and the time was 1.5h) to obtain an extract.

[0067] After the extract was cooled, centrifugation was performed (speed was 15000rpm, and the time was 10min), and the supernatant was freeze-dried (-30℃) to obtain the sea buckthorn extract.

[0068] B. Preparation of immature fruit of Chinese orange extract:

[0069] The immature fruit of Chinese orange was dried and then crushed to 100 mesh to obtain immature fruit of Chinese orange powder. The immature fruit of Chinese orange powder was mixed with an ethanol aqueous solution with a concentration of 70-80vol.% (the ratio of the amount of the immature fruit of Chinese orange powder to the amount of the ethanol aqueous solution was 1g:10mL), and heated for reflux extraction (temperature was 90℃, and the time was 3h). The extract was concentrated and then freeze-dried (-30℃) to obtain the immature fruit of Chinese orange extract.

[0070] C. Preparation of crab shell extract:

[0071] The crab shell was crushed to 100 mesh and then added into a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with a concentration of 3wt.% (the ratio of the amount of the crab shell to the amount of the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was 1g:8mL). After stirring (speed was 250rpm, and the time was 2h), filtration, washing with water, and drying, the decalcified crab shell powder was obtained.

[0072] The crab shell powder is added with water (the ratio of the amount of the crab shell powder to the amount of water is 1 g:20 mL), the pH is adjusted to 7, an enzymatic hydrolysis agent (the amount is 0.02% of the mass of the crab shell) is added, and enzymatic hydrolysis reaction (the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is 40℃, and the time is 2 hours) is carried out, and then the enzyme is inactivated (heating to 110℃ for 20 minutes), solid-liquid separation is carried out, and drying is carried out, to obtain a crab shell extract.

[0073] The enzymatic hydrolysis agent is composed of the following components in mass fraction: deacetylase 12 parts, cellulase 3 parts, hemicellulase 2.5 parts, and lipase 4 parts.

[0074] (2) One-year-old branches on the main stem of 8-year-old pear trees (variety: Cui Guan) are used as rootstocks (the height from the ground is about 90-120 cm), and one-year-old branches of loquat (variety: Guanyu) are used as scions, and the branches are grafted by means of wedge grafting before the pear trees germinate (early March) (the length of the scion is about 2.5 cm, one bud point is reserved, the scion is cut into a wedge shape, the length of the cut surface is about 1 cm, which is equivalent to the length of the cut surface of the rootstock, and the outer side is slightly thicker than the inner side, the rootstock wedge opening is pried open, and the scion and the rootstock cambium are aligned), one loquat scion is grafted on each pear tree, and 50 pear trees are grafted.

[0075] The healing promoter (12 g of sea buckthorn extract, 6 g of immature fruit extract, 0.2 g of brassinolide, 0.8 g of crab shell extract, and 9 g of chitosan (molecular weight: 50-100 million)) is dissolved in water and diluted to 1 L to obtain a healing promoter solution;

[0076] The healing promoter solution is sprayed on the grafting interface until the solution flows down the trunk, and then the grafting interface is firmly bound with gauze. The binding is removed after 5 months of grafting.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] A method for long-distance grafting of pear and loquat:

[0079] (1) The healing promoter is composed of the following components in mass fraction: 10 g of sea buckthorn extract, 7 g of immature fruit extract, 0.3 g of brassinolide, 0.5 g of crab shell extract, and 10 g of chitosan (molecular weight: 5-10 million).

[0080] A. Preparation of sea buckthorn extract:

[0081] Fresh sea buckthorn fruits are crushed with a crusher and then subjected to high-temperature steam (the temperature of the high-temperature steam is 105℃, and the steam inlet time is 20 minutes), and steam condensate water and sea buckthorn fruit crushing materials are collected;

[0082] The sea buckthorn fruit crushing materials and the steam condensate water are added to a 40vol.% ethanol aqueous solution (the ratio of the amount of the sea buckthorn fruit to the amount of the ethanol aqueous solution is 1 g:10 mL), and heating extraction is carried out (the temperature is 100℃, and the time is 1-2 hours) to obtain an extract.

[0083] After the extraction solution is cooled, centrifugation is performed (at a speed of 15000 rpm for 10 min), and the supernatant is freeze-dried (-30℃) to obtain the sea-buckthorn extract.

[0084] B. Preparation of the extract of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus:

[0085] After the Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is dried and ground to 100 mesh, the Fructus Aurantii Immaturus powder is mixed with an ethanol aqueous solution with a concentration of 70-80 vol.%, and the use amount ratio of the Fructus Aurantii Immaturus powder to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1 g:8 mL. The mixture is heated to reflux extraction (at a temperature of 85℃ for 4 h). After the extraction solution is concentrated, freeze-drying is performed (-30℃) to obtain the extract of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus.

[0086] C. Preparation of the extract of crab shell:

[0087] After the crab shell is ground to 100 mesh, a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with a concentration of 2 wt.% is added (the use amount ratio of the crab shell to the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 1 g:9 mL). After stirring reaction (at a speed of 300 rpm for 1.5 h), filtration is performed, and the product is washed with water and dried to obtain the decalcified crab shell powder.

[0088] The decalcified crab shell powder is added with water (the use amount ratio of the decalcified crab shell powder to water is 1 g:20 mL), and the pH is adjusted to 6.5. An enzymatic hydrolysis agent is added (the use amount is 0.01% of the mass of the crab shell). After enzymatic hydrolysis reaction (at a temperature of 35℃ for 3 h), the enzyme is inactivated (heated to 110℃ for 20 min). After solid-liquid separation, drying is performed to obtain the extract of crab shell.

[0089] The enzymatic hydrolysis agent is composed of the following components in mass fraction: deacetylase 10 parts, cellulase 2 parts, hemicellulase 3 parts, and lipase 6 parts.

[0090] (2) One-year-old branches of 8-year-old pear trees (variety: Cui Guan) on the main stem (about 90-120 cm from the ground) are used as rootstocks, and one-year-old branches of loquat trees (variety: Guan Yu) are used as scions. Before the pear trees sprout (early March), the branches are grafted by wedge grafting (the length of the scion is about 2.5 cm, one bud point is retained, the scion is cut into a wedge shape, the length of the cut surface is about 1 cm, which is equivalent to the length of the cut surface of the rootstock, and the outer side is slightly thicker than the inner side, the rootstock wedge is pried open, and the scion and the rootstock cambium are aligned). One loquat scion is grafted on each pear tree, and 50 pear trees are grafted.

[0091] The healing promoter (sea-buckthorn extract 10 g, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus extract 7 g, brassinolide 0.3 g, crab shell extract 0.5 g, and chitosan 10 g (molecular weight: 50-100 million)) is dissolved in water and diluted to 1 L to obtain a healing promoter solution.

[0092] Spray the healing promoter solution at the grafting interface until the solution flows down the trunk, then use gauze to firmly bind the grafting interface. Unbind after 5 months of grafting.

[0093] Example 3

[0094] The same as example 1, except that step (2) is specifically:

[0095] Take the main stem of a 2-year-old loquat tree (variety Guanyu) as the stock (the position of the main stem cross section is 40 cm from the ground), and take a one-year-old branch of a pear tree (variety Cuiguan) as the scion. Perform grafting by wedge grafting before the pear tree sprouts (early March) (the length of the scion is about 2.5 cm, one bud point is reserved, and it is cut into a wedge shape, the length of the cut surface is about 1 cm, which is equivalent to the length of the cut surface of the stock, and the outer side is slightly thicker than the inner side). Align the cambium of the scion with the stock by prying open the wedge cut of the stock. Graft one pear scion per loquat tree, and graft 50 loquat trees.

[0096] Dissolve the healing promoter (12 g of sea buckthorn extract, 6 g of immature fruit extract, 0.2 g of brassinolide, 0.8 g of crab shell extract, and 9 g of chitosan (molecular weight of 50-100 million)) in water and dilute to 1 L to obtain a healing promoter solution.

[0097] Spray the healing promoter solution at the grafting interface until the solution flows down the trunk, then use gauze to firmly bind the grafting interface. Unbind after 5 months of grafting.

[0098] Example 4

[0099] A method for grafting a pear and a loquat:

[0100] (1) The same as example 1.

[0101] (2) Take a one-year-old branch on the main stem of an 8-year-old pear tree (variety Cuiguan) as the stock (the height from the ground is about 90-120 cm), and take a one-year-old branch of a loquat tree (variety Guanyu) as the scion. Perform grafting by wedge grafting before the pear tree sprouts (early March) (the length of the scion is about 2.5 cm, one bud point is reserved, and it is cut into a wedge shape, the length of the cut surface is about 1 cm, which is equivalent to the length of the cut surface of the stock, and the outer side is slightly thicker than the inner side). Align the cambium of the scion with the stock by prying open the wedge cut of the stock. Graft one loquat scion per pear tree, and graft 50 pear trees.

[0102] Dissolve the healing promoter (12 g of sea buckthorn extract, 6 g of immature fruit extract, 0.2 g of brassinolide, 0.8 g of crab shell extract, and 9 g of chitosan (molecular weight of 50-100 million)) in water and dilute to 1 L to obtain a healing promoter solution.

[0103] The grafting interface is sprayed with the healing promoter solution, 10 g of the water-retaining agent is applied to the grafting interface, and the grafting interface is firmly bound with gauze after standing for 5 min. The binding is removed after 5 months of grafting.

[0104] The water-retaining agent is prepared by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol (weight average molecular weight 20000) in water (mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to water 15:100), adding persulfate (potassium persulfate) and mixing uniformly, then adding sodium alginate and aluminum chloride (mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, persulfate, sodium alginate and aluminum chloride 1:0.5:0.1:0.1), heating reaction (temperature 90°C, time 1.5 h), and cooling to obtain the water-retaining agent.

[0105] Example 5

[0106] A method for grafting a pear and a loquat:

[0107] (1) The same as in Example 3.

[0108] (2) A 2-year-old loquat tree (variety Guanyu) trunk is used as a stock (the position of the trunk cross section is 40 cm from the ground), a pear (variety Cuiguan) one-year-old branch is used as a scion, and grafting is performed by means of wedge grafting before the pear tree sprouts (early March) (the scion length is about 2.5 cm, one bud point is reserved, and the scion is cut into a wedge shape with a cutting surface length of about 1 cm, which is equivalent to the length of the stock cutting surface, and the outer side is slightly thicker than the inner side, the stock wedge opening is pried open, and the scion is aligned with the stock cambium), one pear scion is grafted to each loquat tree, and 50 loquat trees are grafted.

[0109] The healing promoter (12 g of sea buckthorn extract, 6 g of immature bitter orange fruit extract, 0.2 g of brassinolide, 0.8 g of crab shell extract, and 9 g of chitosan (molecular weight 500,000-1,000,000)) is dissolved in water and diluted to 1 L to obtain a healing promoter solution;

[0110] The grafting interface is sprayed with the healing promoter solution, 10 g of the water-retaining agent is applied to the grafting interface, and the grafting interface is firmly bound with gauze after standing for 5 min. The binding is removed after 5 months of grafting.

[0111] The water-retaining agent is prepared by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol (weight average molecular weight 20000) in water (mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to water 15:100), adding persulfate (potassium persulfate) and mixing uniformly, then adding sodium alginate and aluminum chloride (mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, persulfate, sodium alginate and aluminum chloride 1:0.5:0.1:0.1), heating reaction (temperature 90°C, time 1.5 h), and cooling to obtain the water-retaining agent.

[0112] Comparative Example 1

[0113] The same as Example 1, except that no healing promoter solution was sprayed when grafting.

[0114] Comparative Example 2

[0115] The same as Example 3, except that no healing promoter solution was sprayed when grafting.

[0116] Comparative Example 3

[0117] The same as Example 1, except that the crab shell extract in the healing promoter was replaced with an equal mass of brassica.

[0118] Comparative Example 4

[0119] The same as Example 1, except that the brassica in the healing promoter was replaced with an equal mass of salicylic acid.

[0120] Comparative Example 5

[0121] The same as Example 1, except that the healing promoter did not contain seabuckthorn extract and bitter orange fruit extract.

[0122] Comparative Example 6

[0123] The same as Example 1, except that the seabuckthorn extract was prepared as follows: fresh seabuckthorn fruit was crushed with a pulverizer and added to an ethanol aqueous solution with a concentration of 45 vol.% (the ratio of seabuckthorn fruit to ethanol aqueous solution was 1 g: 12 mL), heated to extract (the temperature was 90°C and the time was 1.5 h), and an extract was obtained;

[0124] The extract was cooled and centrifuged (at a speed of 15000 rpm for 10 min), and the supernatant was freeze-dried (-30°C) to obtain the seabuckthorn extract.

[0125] Example 1

[0126] The growth of the pear tree rootstock and the loquat scion in Example 1 after grafting was observed, and the results are shown in Figure 1 , Figure 1 A is 1 month after grafting, B is 2 months after grafting, C is 3 months after grafting, D is 6 months after grafting, E is 10 months after grafting, F is 15 months after grafting, G is 18 months after grafting, and the scale in Figure G is 10 cm.

[0127] The growth of the loquat tree rootstock and the pear scion in Example 3 after grafting was observed, and the results are shown in Figure 2 , Figure 2 A is the day of grafting, B is 1 month after grafting, C is 3 months after grafting, D is 6 months after grafting, and the scale in Figure D is 10 cm.

[0128] The grafting survival rate was counted and the growth was investigated 1 year after grafting, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0129] Table 1 grafting survival rate and growth

[0130]

[0131] The grafting survival rate is high by using the method, the tree grows fast, and no incompatibility phenomenon appears within 2 years of grafting, and overwintering can be safely performed.

[0132] The above-described embodiments are merely preferred modes of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application as defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for distant grafting of pear and loquat, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After grafting the rootstock and scion using cleft grafting, spray the grafting agent on the grafting joint and then wrap the joint. When the rootstock is a pear tree, the scion is a loquat branch; when the rootstock is a loquat tree, the scion is a pear branch; The healing promoter comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of seabuckthorn extract, 6-7 parts of Citrus aurantium extract, 0.1-0.3 parts of brassinolide, 0.5-0.8 parts of crab shell extract and 8-10 parts of chitosan; Apply water-retaining agent after spraying the healing accelerator and before wrapping the joint; The preparation method of the water-retaining agent comprises the following steps: The polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in water, persulfate is added and mixed evenly, and then sodium alginate and aluminum chloride are added, heated for reaction, and cooled to obtain the water retaining agent.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the seabuckthorn extract comprises the following steps: After the sea buckthorn berries are crushed, high-temperature steam is introduced, and the steam condensed water and the crushed sea buckthorn berries are collected; adding crushed seabuckthorn fruit and steam condensed water into an ethanol solution, heating and extracting to obtain an extract; The extract is cooled and then centrifuged, and the supernatant is freeze-dried to obtain the seabuckthorn extract.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The temperature of the high-temperature steam is 105-115°C, and the introduction time is 20-30 minutes; and / or, the concentration of the ethanol solution is 40-45 vol.%; And / or, the usage ratio of the seabuckthorn fruit and the ethanol solution is 1 g: 10-15 mL; And / or, the heating extraction temperature is 80-100° C. and the time is 1-2 hours; And / or, the centrifugal speed is 10000-15000 rpm, and the time is 10 min.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The preparation method of the Citrus aurantium extract comprises the following steps: The Citrus aurantium immaturum is crushed and then mixed with an ethanol solution, and then subjected to heating and reflux extraction. The extract is concentrated and then freeze-dried to obtain the Citrus aurantium immaturum extract.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The concentration of the ethanol solution is 70-80 vol.%; And / or, the dosage ratio of the Citrus aurantium and the ethanol solution is 1 g: 8-10 mL; And / or, the temperature of the heating reflux extraction is 85-90° C., and the time is 3-4 hours.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the crab shell extract comprises the following steps: The crab shells were crushed and then added with hydrochloric acid solution, stirred for reaction and then filtered to obtain decalcified crab shell powder; Water is added to the decalcified crab shell powder to adjust the pH to 6.5-7, an enzymolysis agent is added, the enzyme is inactivated after the enzymatic reaction, the solid-liquid is separated, and the product is dried to obtain the crab shell extract.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2-3 wt.%; and / or, the crab shell and hydrochloric acid solution are used in a ratio of 1 g: 7 to 9 mL; And / or, the stirring reaction is carried out at a speed of 200 to 300 rpm and for a time of 1 to 2 hours; and / or, the amount of the enzymatic hydrolyzing agent is 0.01 to 0.02% of the crab shell mass; And / or, the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is 35-45° C., and the time is 2-3 hours.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, persulfate, sodium alginate and aluminum chloride is 1:0.5:0.1:0.1; And / or, the heating reaction temperature is 80-90° C. and the time is 1-1.5 h.

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