Hand winch for oil and water downhole discharge cable

Abstract

The application relates to an oil and water downhole discharging cable hand winch, which comprises a hand winch mechanism, the drum of the hand winch mechanism is wound with a cable, and the left and right ends of the drum are fixedly provided with winches, one end of the right winch is provided with a manual transmission rotating mechanism, a counter mechanism is provided with a hub, the upper end of the hub is overlapped with the cable, a depth measuring instrument is further arranged on the support of the counter mechanism, and a multifunctional cable joint is sealingly connected with the end of the cable. The device provided by the application utilizes the downhole device to replace the manual downhole mode, avoids the contact of personnel with a radiation source, ensures the accuracy of the downhole depth, automatically locks the cable during the test process, and does not cause displacement. The cable can be conveniently recovered after the test, a multi-specification joint is designed, the joint can be flexibly installed and replaced, a plurality of specification flowmeters can be connected to one cable, and the cable does not need to be replaced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of oil and water well cable lowering devices, and in particular to a hand-cranked winch for lowering oil and water well cables. Background Technology

[0002] As oilfield development progresses deeper, reservoir pressure gradually decreases. To achieve long-term stable development, it is necessary to replenish reservoir pressure through stratified water injection. Due to the complex geological structure of oil reservoirs and severe formation heterogeneity, there is no unified oil-water interface in oilfields. Currently, injection profile combined logging is commonly used for multi-parameter testing and comprehensive interpretation, with flow meters being crucial instruments in the combined system. Commonly used flow meters for injection profile testing include turbine flow meters, electromagnetic flow meters, ultrasonic flow meters, and the recently developed neutron oxygen activation logging tool. However, most of these flow meters are radioactive, and calibration tests can be harmful to personnel. To avoid harm to personnel from these flow meters, calibration work needs to be carried out under specific depth conditions using simulated wells. This process requires manual well entry, and different flow meter models require different cables. The entry depth is roughly calculated based on the cable length, resulting in the majority of the workload for calibrating a flow meter being consumed during the well entry process. Furthermore, this increases the risk of radiation damage due to insufficient entry depth. Therefore, we propose a manual winch for lowering cables into oil and water wells. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To solve, or at least partially solve, the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells, comprising:

[0005] A hand-cranked winch mechanism, wherein the drum of the hand-cranked winch mechanism is wound with cable, and winches are fixed at both ends of the drum, and a manual transmission rotation mechanism is provided at one end of the winch on the right side.

[0006] A counter mechanism is provided, wherein a hub is provided and a cable is connected to the upper end of the hub, and a depth measuring instrument is also provided on the support of the counter mechanism;

[0007] A multi-functional cable connector, wherein the multi-functional cable connector seals and connects to the end of the cable, and the multi-functional cable connector is inserted and positioned to connect to a testing instrument;

[0008] The other end of the cable is connected to a cable socket, which is fixedly connected to the winch bracket.

[0009] Optionally, the integral structure formed by the drum and the winch is wound with a cable, and a passive shaft is fixedly connected to the middle of both the left and right ends of the integral structure formed by the drum and the winch. The passive shaft is rotatably connected to the winch bracket through bearings and bearing seats. The integral structure formed by the drum and the winch has a cable passage hole on its side, through which the cable passes.

[0010] Optionally, the manual transmission rotation mechanism includes a power shaft, a drive shaft, a drive gear, a driven gear, a ratchet, and a shift fork. The driven gear is fixedly sleeved on the shaft of the winch on the right side by a short key. The lower end of the driven gear meshes with the drive gear. The drive gear is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft by a long key and a snap ring. The drive shaft is fixedly connected to the outside of the drive shaft by bolts. The ratchet and shift fork are fixedly sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft to the right side of the drive gear.

[0011] Optionally, the ratchet has a fan-shaped key, the shift fork wheel has a fan-shaped opening, the fan-shaped key falls into the fan-shaped opening, the outer side of the ratchet is engaged with a pawl, the pawl's locking head is engaged with the ratchet's outer teeth, the shift fork wheel's outer teeth are in contact with the pawl's gripper head, a tension spring is installed on the pawl body, the lower end of the pawl body is rotatably connected to the winch bracket by a fixing pin, and tension spring rods are sleeved on both ends of the tension spring, the tension spring rods are respectively connected to the middle of the pawl body and the winch bracket.

[0012] Optionally, the power shaft includes a handle, a rotating shaft, and a crank. The crank is sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft. A baffle is provided between the upper outer side of the crank and the bolt. The rotating shaft is fixedly inserted into the lower part of the crank. The handle is rotatably connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft.

[0013] Optionally, the center of the hub is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft via a square key and a split locking sleeve. Rolling bearings are fixedly sleeved on the left and right sides of the rotating shaft, and the rolling bearings are fixedly connected to the pulley bracket via bearing seats. The moving bearings on the left and right sides are provided with a left pressure cap and a right pressure cap. A depth measuring instrument is fixedly connected to the upper external side of the pulley bracket.

[0014] Optionally, the lower middle part of the pulley bracket is connected to a lead screw via a locking screw, the lower end of the lead screw is fixedly connected to a base via a back cap, and an angle adjustment handle is inserted into the end of the locking screw.

[0015] Optionally, the multifunctional cable connector body consists of a guide head, a locking screw, a dovetail sleeve, an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, and an instrument connector. The guide head is threaded to the bottom of the outer cylinder, and the instrument connector is threaded to the top of the outer cylinder. A sealing ring is fitted onto the outer side of the instrument connector. The locking screw is threaded to the bottom of the inner cylinder. The dovetail sleeve is fitted inside the locking screw and the inner cylinder. The top of the inner cylinder is threaded to the lower part of the instrument connector. An insulating sleeve is provided inside the instrument connector. The instrument connector is connected to a contact post. A cap is fixedly connected to the upper part of the instrument connector through a hexagonal sleeve. An insulating pad is provided at the lower end of the hexagonal sleeve.

[0016] Optionally, the inside of the jujube-shaped sleeve is a cable, the locking screw presses the jujube-shaped sleeve to lock the cable, the upper part of the instrument connector is inlaid with a plug, and the upper end of the guide head is provided with a sealing gasket.

[0017] Optionally, a bushing is provided on the outer side of the rotating shaft.

[0018] The technical solutions provided in this application have the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0019] The device provided in this application embodiment has a bracket and turntable connected by bearings, a power shaft connected to the turntable, and a pawl installed on one side of the power shaft. Rotating the power shaft drives the turntable to rotate, completing the lowering and retrieval of the cable. The pawl is used for limiting movement and automatic cable locking. The counter includes a straightening and anti-slip guide wheel, a depth measuring instrument, a data transmission shaft, an angle adjustment mechanism, a lead screw, and a wellhead connection base. It has functions such as straightening the cable to prevent slippage and adjusting the wellhead direction. Using this wellhead device replaces manual wellhead entry, avoiding personnel contact with radiation sources and ensuring accurate lowering depth. During the test, the cable automatically locks and does not shift. After the test, the cable is easily retrieved, and the overall structure is easy to operate, saving time and effort. It also avoids the harm to instruments and personnel caused by uncontrollable manual wellhead entry speed. Personnel can stay away from the wellhead, avoiding personal injury caused by radiation from the flowmeter. The counter is easy to fix, counts accurately without slippage, and avoids errors from manual counting. It is designed with multiple connector specifications to adapt to currently testable flowmeters. The connectors can be flexibly installed and replaced, allowing one cable to connect to multiple flowmeter specifications without changing the cable. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells;

[0023] Figure 2 A structural diagram of a hand-cranked winch mechanism for laying cables in oil and water wells;

[0024] Figure 3 A structural diagram of the manual transmission and rotation mechanism of a hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells;

[0025] Figure 4 A diagram showing the claw structure of a hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells;

[0026] Figure 5 A structural diagram of a counter mechanism for a hand-cranked winch used for laying cables in oil and water wells;

[0027] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a multifunctional cable connector for a hand-cranked winch for lowering cables in oil and water wells;

[0028] Figure 7 A structural diagram of the ratchet and shift fork wheel of a hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells;

[0029] Figure 8 A diagram showing the ratchet structure of a hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a diagram of the fork wheel structure of a hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Hand-cranked winch mechanism; 101. Drive shaft; 102. Bearing; 103. Pawl; 104. Winch bracket; 105. Winch; 106. Bearing housing; 107. Cable socket; 108. Cable hole; 109. Drum; 110. Driven gear; 111. Short key; 112. Driven shaft;

[0032] 201. Baffle plate; 202. Bolt; 203. Handle; 204. Shaft; 205. Crank handle; 206. Ratchet; 207. Shift fork wheel; 208. Drive gear; 209. Long key; 210. Snap ring; 211. Drive shaft; 212. Tension spring rod; 213. Tension spring; 214. Claw body; 215. Retaining pin;

[0033] 3. Counter mechanism; 301. Base; 302. Back cap; 303. Angle adjustment handle; 304. Locking screw; 305. Bushing; 306. Right pressure cap; 307. Depth measuring instrument; 308. Split sleeve lock; 309. Lead screw; 310. Pulley bracket; 311. Hub; 312. Square key; 313. Rotating shaft; 314. Bearing seat; 315. Rolling bearing; 316. Left pressure cap.

[0034] 401. Cap; 402. Instrument connector; 403. Hexagonal sleeve; 404. Insert; 405. Insulating gasket; 406. Sealing ring; 407. Insulating sleeve; 408. Connecting post; 409. Inner cylinder; 410. Outer cylinder; 411. Duck-shaped sleeve; 412. Locking screw; 413. Sealing gasket; 414. Guide head. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] Various embodiments of this application may exist in the form of a range. It should be understood that the description in the form of a range is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a rigid limitation on the scope of this application. Therefore, it should be considered that the range description has specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single numerical values ​​within that range. For example, it should be considered that the range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, regardless of the range. In addition, whenever a numerical range is indicated in this application, it means including any referenced number (fraction or integer) within the indicated range. Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments, and equipment used in this application can be purchased commercially or prepared by existing methods.

[0037] In this application, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" specifically refer to the drawing directions in the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, in this application, the terms "comprising," "including," etc., mean "including but not limited to." In this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. In this application, "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one," "at least one of the following," or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plural item. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" or "at least one of a, b, and c" can both mean: a, b, c, ab (i.e., a and b), ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be a single or multiple.

[0038] like Figures 1-9 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment provides a hand-cranked winch for lowering cables in oil and water wells, comprising:

[0039] A hand-cranked winch mechanism 1 is provided, wherein the drum 109 of the hand-cranked winch mechanism 1 is wound with cable, and the left and right ends of the drum 109 are fixed with winches 105, and one end of the winch 105 on the right side is provided with a manual transmission rotation mechanism.

[0040] The counter mechanism 3 is provided with a hub 311, and a cable is connected to the upper end of the hub 311. The support of the counter mechanism 3 is also provided with a depth measuring instrument 307.

[0041] A multi-functional cable connector, wherein the multi-functional cable connector seals and connects to the end of the cable, and the multi-functional cable connector is inserted and positioned to connect to a testing instrument;

[0042] The other end of the cable is connected to a cable socket 107, which is fixedly connected to the winch bracket 104.

[0043] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown: The integral structure formed by the drum 109 and the winch 105 winds the cable. The middle of the left and right ends of the integral structure formed by the drum 109 and the winch 105 is fixedly connected to a passive shaft 112. The passive shaft 112 is rotatably connected to the winch bracket 104 through a bearing 102 and a bearing seat 106. The integral structure formed by the drum 109 and the winch 105 has a cable hole 108 on its side, through which the cable passes.

[0044] The manual transmission rotation mechanism includes a power shaft 101, a drive shaft 211, a drive gear 208, a driven gear 110, a ratchet 206, and a shift fork 207. The driven gear 110 is fixedly sleeved on the shaft of the winch 105 on the right side via a short key 111. The lower end of the driven gear 110 meshes with the drive gear 208. The drive gear 208 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft 211 via a long key 209 and a snap ring 210. The drive shaft 101 is fixedly connected to the outside of the drive shaft 211 via bolts 202. The ratchet 206 and the shift fork 207 are fixedly sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft 211 on the right side of the drive gear 208.

[0045] The ratchet 206 has a fan-shaped protrusion key, and the shift fork 207 has a fan-shaped opening. The fan-shaped protrusion key falls into the fan-shaped opening. The outer side of the ratchet 206 is engaged with the pawl 103. The pawl 103's locking head is engaged with the outer teeth of the ratchet 206. The outer teeth of the shift fork 207 are in contact with the pawl 103's gripper head. A tension spring 213 is installed on the pawl body 214 of the pawl 103. The lower end of the pawl body 214 is rotatably connected to the winch bracket 104 through a fixing pin 215. Both ends of the tension spring 213 are sleeved with tension spring rods 212. The tension spring rods 212 are respectively connected to the middle of the pawl body 214 and the winch bracket 104.

[0046] Specifically, the working principle of the self-locking drive shaft provided in this embodiment of the invention is as follows:

[0047] The handle 203, rotating shaft 204, and crank 205 are connected in sequence. The shift fork wheel 207 and ratchet 206 are connected by the drive shaft 211. The drive shaft 211 and the drive gear 208 are fixedly connected by a long key 209 and a retaining spring 210. The ratchet 206 has a fan-shaped protruding key, and the shift fork wheel 207 has a fan-shaped opening. The fan-shaped protruding key falls into the fan-shaped opening. The crank 205 is fixed to the shift fork wheel 207 by a plate 201 and a bolt 202. The ratchet 206 has a pawl 103. The pawl 103's locking head is engaged with the external teeth of the ratchet 206. The external teeth of the shift fork wheel 207 are in contact with the pawl 103's gripping head. A tension spring 213 is installed on the pawl body 214.

[0048] When handle 203 is turned, it drives crank 205, which in turn drives shift fork wheel 207. The external teeth of shift fork wheel 207 lift pawl 103, allowing shift fork wheel 207 to drive ratchet 206. Shift fork wheel 207 drives ratchet 206 via a sector key, and ratchet 206, via key 209, drives drive gear 208, completing the winch rotation. When rotation stops, pawl 103, under the tension of spring 213, falls back onto the external teeth of ratchet 206, preventing ratchet 206 from rotating, thus completing the self-locking process.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown: The power shaft 101 includes a handle 203, a rotating shaft 204 and a crank 205. The crank 205 is sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft 211. A baffle 201 is provided between the upper outer side of the crank 205 and the bolt 202. The rotating shaft 204 is fixedly inserted into the lower part of the crank 205. The handle 203 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft 204.

[0050] Specifically: the power shaft 101 drives the drive shaft 211 to rotate in both directions by manual rotation.

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown: The center of the hub 311 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 313 by a square key 312 and a split sleeve lock 308. The outer side of the rotating shaft 313 is provided with a bushing 305. The left and right sides of the rotating shaft 313 are fixedly sleeved with rolling bearings 315. The rolling bearings 315 are fixedly connected to the pulley bracket 310 by bearing seats 314. The left and right sides of the moving bearings 315 are provided with a left pressure cap 316 and a right pressure cap 306. The upper external side of the pulley bracket 310 is fixedly connected to a depth measuring instrument 307.

[0052] Specifically: The depth measuring instrument 307 uses existing equipment on the market, the hub 311 can rotate, and there is a placement slot in the middle of the outer side, with a cable connected to the upper end of the placement slot.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown: The lower middle part of the pulley bracket 310 is connected to a lead screw 309 via a locking screw 304. The lower end of the lead screw 309 is fixedly connected to a base 301 via a back cap 302. An angle adjustment handle 303 is inserted into the end of the locking screw 304.

[0054] Specifically: When the locking screw 304 is locked by rotating the angle adjustment handle 303, it can position the pulley bracket 310 and the upper structure. Conversely, when the locking screw 304 is loosened, the pulley bracket 310 can rotate, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the pulley bracket 310.

[0055] like Figure 6As shown: The multifunctional cable connector body consists of a guide head 414, a locking screw 412, a swivel sleeve 411, an inner cylinder 409, an outer cylinder 410, and an instrument connector 402. The guide head 414 is threaded to the bottom of the outer cylinder 410, and the instrument connector 402 is threaded to the top of the outer cylinder 410. A sealing ring 406 is fitted onto the outer side of the instrument connector 402. The locking screw 412 is threaded to the bottom of the inner cylinder 409. The swivel sleeve 411 is located inside the locking screw 412 and the inner cylinder 409. The top of the inner cylinder 409 is threaded to the lower part of the instrument connector 402. An insulating sleeve 407 is located inside the instrument connector 402. The instrument connector 402 is connected to a contact post 408. A cap 401 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the instrument connector 402 via a hexagonal sleeve 403. An insulating pad 405 is provided at the lower end of the hexagonal sleeve 403.

[0056] The working principle of the multi-functional cable connector is as follows: the cable enters through the guide head 414, the guide head 414 is threaded to the bottom of the outer cylinder, the instrument connector is threaded to the top of the outer cylinder, the instrument connector has a sealing ring, the guide head 414 is used to press the sealing gasket 413 to make the entire outer cylinder 410 sealed, and the guide head 414 is designed to be conical to prevent pre-jamming when lifting.

[0057] The locking screw 412 is threadedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder 409. The jujube-shaped sleeve 411 is inside the locking screw 412 and the inner cylinder. The cable passes through the inside of the jujube-shaped sleeve 411. The locking screw 412 presses the jujube-shaped sleeve 411 to lock the cable. The cable signal is transmitted to the plug-in 404 through the connecting post 408. The instrument under test contacts the plug-in 404 and returns the signal to the ground. The sealing ring 406 prevents liquid from entering the threaded part of the outer cylinder 410. The insulating sleeve 407 and the insulating pad 405 prevent the inner and outer cylinders from communicating and attenuating the cable signal.

[0058] The instrument connector 402 serves as a connection, while the upper cap 401 protects the internal components of the instrument connector. In use, the upper part of the instrument connector 402 is threaded into the lower part of a compatible adapter for the testing instrument, and the upper part of the adapter is connected to the instrument.

[0059] like Figure 6 As shown: the inside of the jujube-shaped sleeve 411 is a cable, the locking screw 412 presses the jujube-shaped sleeve 411 to lock the cable, the upper part of the instrument connector 402 is inlaid with a plug 404, and the upper end of the guide head 414 is provided with a sealing gasket 413.

[0060] Specifically: the outer cylinder 410 is in a sealed state.

[0061] When using the device, connect all components (such as...) Figure 1As shown, fix the base 301 of the counter mechanism 3 onto the wellhead flange. Connect one end of the cable to the multi-functional cable connector, coil the middle part of the cable on the roller 109, and connect the other end of the cable to the cable socket 107. The multi-functional cable connector connects to the testing instrument placed on the hub 311. Adjust the angle adjustment handle 303 and the tilt angle of the pulley bracket 310 so that the testing instrument is directly above the wellhead. The depth measuring instrument 307 is working properly, and the well entry operation can begin. When lowering the cable, turn the handle 203. The handle 203 drives the crank handle 205, which in turn drives the shift fork wheel 207. The external teeth of the shift fork wheel 207 lift the pawl 103, which in turn drives the ratchet wheel 206 to rotate. The shift fork wheel 207 drives the ratchet wheel 206 to rotate via the sector key. The ratchet wheel drives the drive gear 208 to rotate via the long key 209, thus rotating the winch 105. When the predetermined depth is displayed by the counter mechanism 3, the cable lowering is complete. After the test, reverse handle 203 to complete the cable recovery.

[0062] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells, characterized in that, include: A hand-cranked winch mechanism (1) is provided with a drum (109) for winding a cable, and a winch (105) is fixed at both ends of the drum (109), and a manual transmission rotation mechanism is provided at one end of the winch (105) on the right side. The counter mechanism (3) is provided with a hub (311), and a cable is connected to the upper end of the hub (311). The support of the counter mechanism (3) is also provided with a depth measuring instrument (307). A multi-functional cable connector, wherein the multi-functional cable connector seals and connects to the end of the cable, and the multi-functional cable connector is inserted and positioned to connect to a testing instrument; The other end of the cable is connected to a cable socket (107), which is fixedly connected to a winch bracket (104); It also includes a manual transmission rotating mechanism structure, which includes a power shaft (101), a drive shaft (211), a drive gear (208), a driven gear (110), a ratchet (206), and a shift fork wheel (207). The driven gear (110) is fixedly sleeved on the shaft of the winch (105) on the right side by a short key (111). The lower end of the driven gear (110) is meshed with the drive gear (208). The drive gear (208) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft (211) by a long key (209) and a snap ring (210). The drive shaft (101) is fixedly connected to the outside of the drive shaft (211) by a bolt (202). The ratchet (206) and the shift fork wheel (207) are fixedly sleeved on the right side of the drive shaft (211).

2. The hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integral structure consisting of the drum (109) and the winch (105) is wound with a cable. A passive shaft (112) is fixedly connected to the middle of the left and right ends of the integral structure consisting of the drum (109) and the winch (105). The passive shaft (112) is rotatably connected to the winch bracket (104) through a bearing (102) and a bearing seat (106). A cable hole (108) is opened on the side of the integral structure consisting of the drum (109) and the winch (105), and the cable passes through the cable hole (108).

3. The hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ratchet (206) has a fan-shaped protrusion key, and the shift fork wheel (207) has a fan-shaped opening. The fan-shaped protrusion key falls into the fan-shaped opening. The outer side of the ratchet (206) is engaged with a pawl (103). The pawl (103) is engaged with the outer teeth of the ratchet (206). The outer teeth of the shift fork wheel (207) are in contact with the pawl (103) gripper head. A tension spring (213) is installed on the pawl body (214) of the pawl (103). The lower end of the pawl body (214) is rotatably connected to the winch bracket (104) through a fixing pin (215). Both ends of the tension spring (213) are sleeved with tension spring rods (212). The tension spring rods (212) are respectively connected to the middle part of the pawl body (214) and the winch bracket (104).

4. The hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power shaft (101) includes a handle (203), a rotating shaft (204), and a crank (205). The crank (205) is sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft (211). A baffle (201) is provided between the upper outer side of the crank (205) and the bolt (202). The rotating shaft (204) is fixedly inserted into the lower part of the crank (205). The handle (203) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft (204).

5. The hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hub (311) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (313) in the middle by a square key (312) and a split sleeve lock (308). Rolling bearings (315) are fixedly sleeved on the left and right sides of the rotating shaft (313). The rolling bearings (315) are fixedly connected to the pulley bracket (310) by bearing seats (314). The left and right sides of the moving bearings (315) are provided with a left pressure cap (316) and a right pressure cap (306). A depth measuring instrument (307) is fixedly connected to the upper external side of the pulley bracket (310).

6. The hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower middle part of the pulley bracket (310) is connected to a lead screw (309) via a locking screw (304). The lower end of the lead screw (309) is fixedly connected to a base (301) via a back cap (302). An angle adjustment handle (303) is inserted into the end of the locking screw (304).

7. The hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multifunctional cable connector body consists of a guide head (414), a locking screw (412), a swivel sleeve (411), an inner cylinder (409), an outer cylinder (410), and an instrument connector (402). The guide head (414) is threaded to the bottom of the outer cylinder (410), and the instrument connector (402) is threaded to the top of the outer cylinder (410). A sealing ring (406) is fitted on the outer side of the instrument connector (402), and the locking screw (412) is threaded to the bottom of the inner cylinder (409). The jujube-shaped sleeve (411) is connected to the locking screw (412) and the inner cylinder (409). The top of the inner cylinder (409) is threaded to the lower part of the instrument connector (402). The instrument connector (402) has an insulating sleeve (407) inside. The instrument connector (402) is in contact with the connecting post (408). The upper part of the instrument connector (402) is fixedly connected to the cap (401) through a hexagonal sleeve (403). The lower end of the hexagonal sleeve (403) is provided with an insulating pad (405).

8. The hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inside of the jujube-shaped sleeve (411) is a cable. The locking screw (412) presses the jujube-shaped sleeve (411) to lock the cable. The upper part of the instrument connector (402) is inlaid with a plug (404). The upper end of the guide head (414) is provided with a sealing gasket (413).

9. The hand-cranked winch for laying cables in oil and water wells according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer side of the rotating shaft (313) is provided with a bushing (305).

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