Equipment and method for manufacturing flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer by oblique injection

Abstract

The invention discloses equipment and a method for manufacturing a flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer through oblique injection, and relates to the technical field of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer manufacturing. The equipment comprises a smelting furnace, a diversion trench, a spray gun, a compressed air source, a compressed air pipe, a melt and an angle, an outlet of the smelting furnace and an inlet of the flow guide groove are in the relation that melt flows out and is received, and the spray gun is arranged below the flow guide groove; the compressed air source, the compressed air pipe and the spray gun are sequentially connected; the center line of the spray gun and the horizontal line form an angle. The method has the following advantages and positive effects: (1) a centrifugal machine is not needed, so that the cost is reduced; (2) the fiber forming principle is simple, the operation difficulty is reduced, and the production safety is enhanced; (3) finished product fibers are finer, and the fiber forming rate is higher; (4) an oblique blowing method is adopted, so that the fibers are longer and easier to control; (5) the angle of the spray gun can be controlled and adjusted to adapt to the temperature and viscosity fluctuation of the melt, so that a better injection effect is achieved; and (6) the flow and the flow velocity of the spray gun can be controlled to a certain degree to adapt to melt flow adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer manufacturing, and in particular to a device and a method for manufacturing flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer by oblique spraying, specifically a processing technology involving a blast furnace (cupola) and a mixed rock material (magma) in a high-temperature molten state, and the obtained product is an innovative product. Background Art

[0002] The applicant has disclosed the technology of producing flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer by centrifugal method (see ZL202020845569.9, inventors Zheng Wenqiao and Zheng Wenhui). The principle is to pass the high-temperature molten calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer magma through a high-speed centrifugal roller and use the centrifugal fiberization principle to make flocculent fibers with a diameter of about 7 microns, that is, flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. Its positive significance lies in that the fineness of the obtained calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is much finer than that of the traditional powdered calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and it is easier to dissolve and absorb; and it has good water absorption properties, which can be used as a fertilizer, while making the soil more loose, and can also be used as the basis for soilless cultivation. Its positive significance also lies in the direct processing of lava into flocculent phosphate fertilizer, which reduces the processes of traditional phosphate fertilizer water quenching, drying, ball milling and screening, simplifies the process and reduces costs.

[0003] Based on the existing roller centrifugal fiber forming method, the present invention adopts the airflow fiber forming principle, eliminating the centrifuge equipment. The roller in the centrifugal equipment is a consumable item and needs to be replaced regularly. Therefore, airflow fiber forming further simplifies the process and reduces costs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an oblique blowing device and method for manufacturing flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in view of the problems and shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art. This fiber-forming technology does not require a centrifuge, and also eliminates the cost of frequent replacement of rollers, simplifies the process, and makes the obtained flocculent phosphate fertilizer finer. Compared with the existing laboratory research results on slag fiberization by blowing, the obtained fiber is longer, finer, and has a higher fiberization rate.

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved in that:

[0006] 1. Learn from the production process of ultra-fine glass wool - vertical blowing method

[0007] This is a method that uses a gas medium sprayed from top to bottom at high speed to blow, disperse, tear, and further pull and break the glass liquid flowing out of the bottom of the glass crucible leak plate, also known as the vertical blowing method. However, this method is limited to processing a small amount of molten glass to obtain a small amount of ultra-fine glass wool, which is used for thermal insulation of pipes in aircraft and precision equipment. This ultra-fine glass wool is based on crucible smelting, in which a leak plate is used, which is generally made of platinum. It belongs to the category of precision machining. The present invention applies its principle and expands to large-scale phosphate fertilizer production.

[0008] 2. Also refer to the already publicized horizontal injection method

[0009] The obtained fibers are shorter and the slag ball rate is higher. The reference is an academic paper (Long Yue, Du Peipei, etc., Preparation of slag wool by direct fiberization of blast furnace slag, Science Technology and Engineering, 2015, 15(35): 87-91). Due to environmental protection reasons, the country prohibits the production of slag wool, and the technology in this area has not been deepened and is rarely used. Since the technology in this area is relatively immature, the present invention is based on its principle and innovates on its basis to make it have industrial production significance, and adopts the oblique injection method.

[0010] The present invention is based on a blowing fiber-forming principle. Molten calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer magma is drawn out from a furnace, guided through a guide groove to the top of a high-pressure gas spray gun, flows freely downward, and is impacted by high-speed gas from the spray gun, thereby being blown into fibers.

[0011] Specifically:

[0012] 1. Equipment

[0013] Including furnace, diversion trough, spray gun, compressed air source, compressed air pipe, melt and angle;

[0014] The outlet of the furnace and the inlet of the guide groove are the relationship between the melt flowing out and being received, and the spray gun is placed below the guide groove;

[0015] The compressed air source, compressed air pipe and spray gun are connected in sequence;

[0016] The centerline of the spray gun is at an angle to the horizontal.

[0017] 2. Methods

[0018] ① Material selection

[0019] Raw materials include phosphate rock, dolomite, silica and coke;

[0020] The ratio of raw materials is: phosphate rock: 55-65%; dolomite: 14-18%; silica: 5-11%; coke: 14-17%;

[0021] ②Mixed

[0022] All raw materials are in block form, the shape can be irregular, and the maximum dimension (diagonal) of each block is 5-15 cm;

[0023] The above raw materials should be evenly mixed and stored in the storage warehouse;

[0024] ③ Material feeding and metering

[0025] The mixed raw materials are sent from the storage bin to the feeding equipment, such as the dump truck's bed, via a conveyor belt. At the same time, the metering device must accumulate and record the feeding amount, usually by weighing it with a weighing device. The metering data is used to control the feeding speed, and then control the furnace temperature and production progress.

[0026] ④ Feeding

[0027] The ignited furnace can be a blast furnace or a cupola, with the core temperature controlled at 1500-1800℃, equipped with blast equipment and a charging port;

[0028] ⑤ Melting

[0029] The blower blows air continuously, the coke in the input raw materials burns continuously, and the ore gradually heats up and melts; the molten lava flows downward and gathers at the bottom of the furnace; the bottom of the furnace is concave, which can gather the molten ore, that is, the calcium magnesium phosphate melt is obtained;

[0030] ⑥ Draw out the lava

[0031] The melt gathers at the bottom of the furnace and flows out from the discharge port of the furnace; the discharge port is horizontal and is an outlet formed by drilling holes in the refractory wall, and the melt flows out from the discharge port continuously;

[0032] The method of closing the outlet is to use a copper block to block the lava flow, and use the high thermal conductivity of the copper block to solidify the melt. At this time, remove the copper block, the melt stops flowing and continues to solidify, blocking the outlet. Drilling a hole with a drilling tool can open it again;

[0033] ⑦Diversion

[0034] The lava flowing nearly vertically downward from the discharge port flows into the diversion channel;

[0035] ⑧Fiberization

[0036] Compressed air is used to blow the melt flowing down from the guide groove, and the melt impacts the high-speed airflow, and the airflow fiberization principle is used to form fibers, and the solid fibers float in the air and fall slowly, which is the flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, also referred to as phosphate fertilizer cotton;

[0037] ⑨Collect cotton, convey, stack, inspect quality and pack to obtain finished products.

[0038] The present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

[0039] ① No centrifuge is required, reducing costs;

[0040] ②The fiber-forming principle is simple, which reduces the difficulty of operation and enhances production safety;

[0041] ③The finished product fiber is finer and has a higher fiber formation rate;

[0042] ④The oblique blowing method is adopted, the fibers are longer and easier to control;

[0043] ⑤The angle of the spray gun can be manipulated and adjusted to adapt to the temperature and viscosity fluctuations of the melt to obtain a better spraying effect;

[0044] ⑥ The flow rate and flow rate of the spray gun can be manipulated to adapt to the adjustment of the melt flow rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device; in the figure:

[0046] 11—Furnace;

[0047] 12—diversion trough;

[0048] 13—Spray gun;

[0049] 14—Compressed air source

[0050] 15—Compressed air pipe

[0051] 16—melt;

[0052] a—angle.

[0053] Figure 2 It is the production flow chart of this method; in the figure:

[0054] 21—Material selection;

[0055] 22—Mixed;

[0056] 23—Material feeding and metering;

[0057] 24—feeding;

[0058] 25—melting;

[0059] 26—Draw out the lava;

[0060] 27—Diversion;

[0061] 28—fiberization;

[0062] 29—Collecting, conveying, stacking, quality inspection and packaging of finished products. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The following is a detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0064] 1. Equipment

[0065] 1. Overall

[0066] like Figure 1 , the device comprises a furnace 11, a guide groove 12, a spray gun 13, a compressed air source 14, a compressed air pipe 15, a melt 16 and an angle a;

[0067] The outlet of the melting furnace 11 and the inlet of the guide groove 12 are in a relationship where the melt flows out and falls freely and is received, and the spray gun 13 is placed below the guide groove 12;

[0068] The compressed air source 14, the compressed air pipe 15 and the spray gun 13 are connected in sequence;

[0069] The center line of the spray gun 13 forms an angle a with the horizontal line.

[0070] Working mechanism: the melt 16 flowing out laterally from the furnace 1 has a free-hanging process, and when it falls into the guide groove 12, it flows along the guide groove 12, and then flows out from the guide groove 12 and flows almost downward; the guide groove 12 is inclined; the melt 16 flowing out of the guide groove 12 has a free-falling process under the action of gravity; the spray gun 13 sprays compressed air from the side, and uses the compressed air jet to impact the liquid column of the melt 16 flowing downward, and the spray gun 13 has an angle a with the horizontal plane, which can be adjusted; the melt 16 flows almost downward at the injection point of the compressed air spray gun.

[0071] 2. Functional components

[0072] 1) Furnace 11

[0073] It is a blast furnace or cupola, whose function is to burn the coke in the feed to generate heat to melt the ore raw materials in the feed.

[0074] 2) Diversion groove 12

[0075] It is a tile-shaped groove with an arc-shaped cross-section (it can be regarded as a half cylinder or a quarter cylinder cut longitudinally of a cylinder, and is not limited to a strict circle), with its notch facing upward and its generatrix having an appropriate inclination angle with the horizontal plane. It can be maintained for a long time after one adjustment and will be adjusted again when another batch of raw materials is used; it is suspended by iron wire or iron chain to receive the melt flowing out of the furnace; the temperature of the melt will be appropriately reduced when flowing through the guide groove; the function of the guide groove is to adjust the flow speed and distance of the melt by adjusting its inclination angle and the distance of the receiving point to achieve the purpose of regulating temperature; the inclination angle of the guide groove and the inclination angle of the spray gun are adjusted separately, and the latter can be adjusted at any time.

[0076] 3) Spray gun 13

[0077] The compressed air pipe is connected to the spray gun 13. The high-pressure gas delivered impacts the melt flowing freely in the air through the spray gun 13; the spray gun 13 has a valve to open and close the compressed air jet and adjust the air flow and flow rate; the spray gun can adjust its angle at any time, and the angle between its center line and the horizontal plane is recorded as a; by adjusting the flow rate, flow rate, and spray angle, the best fiber forming effect can be achieved.

[0078] The nozzle of the spray gun has a Laval tube design to ensure concentrated and efficient airflow (Laval tube is a structure in which the diameter of the tube is first reduced at the outlet and then expanded, which is a mature technology.)

[0079] 4) Compressed air source 14

[0080] It is composed of a compressor and an air storage tank, collectively known as an air compressor; the air pressure it provides is 0.2-0.7MPa; its function is to generate a high-speed compressed air jet at the nozzle of the spray gun to impact the melt.

[0081] 5) Compressed air pipe 15

[0082] A hose (which may be a partial hard pipe of a certain length) that can safely withstand the working pressure is selected to deliver the compressed air from the compressed air source to the spray gun 13 .

[0083] 6) Melt 16

[0084] The ore magma flowing out of the furnace; it is the molten raw material processed in the invention.

[0085] 7)Angle a

[0086] The angle of the spray gun 13 can be adjusted at any time; its function is to adjust the angle of the sprayed gas so that the gas impacts the melt 16 under the free flow at the best angle to achieve the best fiber-forming effect.

[0087] 2. Methods

[0088] like Figure 2 , the method comprises the following steps:

[0089] ① Material selection-21

[0090] Raw materials include phosphate rock, dolomite, silica and coke;

[0091] The proportions of the raw materials are: phosphate rock: 55-65%; dolomite: 14-18%; silica: 5-11%; coke: 14-17%.

[0092] ②Mixed-22

[0093] All raw materials are in block form, the shape can be irregular, the maximum dimension (diagonal) of each block is 5-15 cm, preferably 10 cm;

[0094] The above raw materials should be evenly mixed and stored in the storage warehouse;

[0095] The block ensures that during the combustion and heating process, the blast air can pass through the gaps in the raw materials and the airflow is smooth.

[0096] ③ Material feeding and metering-23

[0097] The mixed raw materials are sent from the storage bin to the feeding equipment, such as the dump truck's bed, via a conveyor belt. At the same time, the metering device must accumulate and record the feeding amount, usually by weighing it with a weighing device. The metering data is used to control the feeding speed, and then control the furnace temperature and production progress.

[0098] ④Feeding-24

[0099] The ignited furnace can be a blast furnace or a cupola, with the core temperature controlled at 1500-1800℃, equipped with blast equipment and a charging port;

[0100] The charging port is usually above the furnace body, and the air inlet of the blower is below the furnace body; the raw materials are fed into the furnace from the charging port through a dump truck or other automatic feeding equipment. As the coke is burned and consumed, the temperature of the ore rises; as the ore in the middle and lower parts melts, the input raw materials slowly descend; and the air blown in by the blower rises from bottom to top along the gaps of the raw materials, assists combustion, and heats the input raw materials with the hot gas after combustion; (hereinafter, the materials including coke are referred to as raw materials, and the materials other than coke are referred to as ore or ore materials; the melted ore is referred to as melt, or lava.)

[0101] The coke burns and generates heat, melting the other raw materials. The coke is eventually burned out and the ore is completely melted to obtain a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer melt.

[0102] ⑤ Melting -25

[0103] The blower blows air continuously, the coke in the input raw materials burns continuously, and the ore gradually heats up and melts; the molten lava flows downward and gathers at the bottom of the furnace body; the bottom of the furnace body is concave, which can gather the molten ore, that is, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer melt.

[0104] ⑥ Draw out lava-26

[0105] The melt gathers at the bottom of the furnace and flows out from the discharge port of the furnace; the discharge port is horizontal and is formed by drilling holes on the refractory wall (and the phosphate fertilizer solidified on the channel), and the melt flows out from the discharge port continuously; when the discharge port needs to be closed, a copper block is used to block the lava flow. Due to the high thermal conductivity of the copper block, the melt that contacts the copper block quickly solidifies into a solid state, blocking the channel. As time goes by, the stopped melt will further solidify, making the barrier layer thicker; when the outlet needs to be opened again, a hole is drilled by a drilling device to open it;

[0106] After the material outlet is opened, it will not solidify and become blocked due to the continuous flow;

[0107] After the drawn out lava flows out horizontally, it turns downward due to gravity and falls freely into the diversion chute.

[0108] Note: There is an iron outlet at the bottom of the furnace body, and its outlet is vertically downward (the bottom of the furnace body is placed on a bracket, and there is a suspended space at the bottom); the closing and opening methods of the iron outlet are the same as those of the material outlet, both of which are blocked with a copper block to cause the melt to solidify and block, and are opened by drilling with drilling equipment; the ore contains trace amounts of iron oxide and other metal oxides, and a small amount of iron and other metals are reduced by the furnace gas and sink under the molten rock in the form of molten iron; after being discharged from the bottom iron outlet, it solidifies into iron blocks, which generally contain nickel and can be used; the furnace body must regularly discharge molten iron to prevent too much molten iron from accumulating and being drawn out from the material outlet; the cycle for discharging molten iron generally ranges from 8 hours to several days, depending on the iron content in the raw materials; molten iron is discharged regularly to ensure that the furnace can operate sustainably and uninterruptedly.

[0109] ⑦Diversion-27

[0110] The lava flowing out of the discharge port and flowing downward nearly vertically flows into the diversion trough; the diversion trough is a suspended tile-shaped trough, which can be described as a longitudinally cut semi-cylindrical shell (or a quarter-cylindrical shell, and not limited to a strict circle), and its two ends are not blocked; when installed, the axis is in an inclined state, and the opening is upward; its overall height can be raised and lowered, and its inclination angle can be adjusted; the lifting or inclination can be adjusted by the iron wire, iron chain or chain hanging the trough; by adjusting the height and inclination angle, the flow distance and flow speed of the lava fluid are changed, and the temperature of the melt flowing out of the diversion trough can be controlled; when the melt flows out from the discharge port to the outlet of the diversion trough, the temperature will drop by 20-200°C, and the normal temperature drops to about 90-110°C; generally, the lava temperature at the blowing port is maintained between 1300-1500°C, and 1350-1400°C is preferred;

[0111] The diversion trough is made of iron. When it first comes into direct contact with lava, it will solidify to form a solid protective layer of phosphate fertilizer material where the fluid passes. This layer will dissolve as the temperature rises or the flow rate increases, or thicken due to slightly lower temperatures or lower flow rates. Due to the high thermal conductivity of iron, once the melt melts the protective layer and contacts the iron bottom, a new protective layer will quickly form to prevent the iron trough from melting.

[0112] There is no need to set an end cap at the top of the diversion trough. A small amount of melt spreading upward will solidify to form a stone "dam" to block the subsequent melt.

[0113] The melt flows out from the outlet of the guide groove and turns downward due to gravity.

[0114] ⑧ Fiber-28

[0115] Compressed air is used to blow the melt flowing down from the guide groove, and the melt impacts the high-speed airflow, and the airflow fiberization principle is used to form fibers, and the solid fibers float in the air and fall slowly, which is the flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, also referred to as phosphate fertilizer cotton;

[0116] The compressed air spray gun can be adjusted in height and inclination. When the melt flows down from the guide groove, the temperature will gradually decrease and the flow rate will increase. By adjusting the height of the spray gun, the spray point can be placed at the optimal temperature and flow rate.

[0117] The spray gun can adjust the spray angle to achieve the best fiber-forming effect;

[0118] After fiber formation, its temperature also drops significantly and gradually drops to room temperature.

[0119] ⑨Collect cotton, convey, stack, inspect quality and pack to obtain finished products-29.

[0120] The flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer floating in the air obtained by blowing into fibers is collected by a cotton collecting drum or other cotton collecting equipment and sent to a conveyor belt.

[0121] The flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer conveyed by the conveyor belt is in a continuous thin layer (samples can be taken from here for quality inspection), and can be stacked by a pendulum or other stacking device;

[0122] Products are regularly sampled and quality inspected; if they pass the quality inspection, they can be packaged sustainably;

[0123] Use a baler or other baling equipment to pack the finished product.

[0124] 2. Working Principle

[0125] 1. Principle of Spray Fiber Forming

[0126] The invention relates to a method for converting the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer melt flowing out of a furnace into flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate by blowing, dispersing, tearing, and further drawing and breaking it into flocculent form.

[0127] 2. Spray Angle Control Principle

[0128] The angle of the spray gun can be manipulated and controlled to adapt to the flow rate, temperature and viscosity of the melt. The adjustment range of the spray gun angle a is from -5° to 60°, and 25-35° is usually the best;

[0129] 3. Spray gun flow rate control principle

[0130] The pressure of the gas used for blowing is 0.2-0.7Mpa, and the flow rate or flow velocity of the spray gun can be manipulated, adjusted and controlled to obtain the best effect.

[0131] 4. Melt viscosity control principle

[0132] The melt must have a certain viscosity, which is controlled by the melt temperature and the ingredients in the batch. The higher the temperature, the lower the viscosity.

[0133] Ingredients weight percentage

[0134] Phosphate rock: 55-65%;

[0135] Dolomite: 14-18%;

[0136] Silica: 5-11%;

[0137] Coke: 14-17%.

[0138] The higher the phosphate rock content, the higher the effective content; the higher the silica content, the higher the viscosity at the same temperature. Dolomite plays a role in fluxing and protecting the furnace wall from melt corrosion.

Claims

1. An oblique spraying device for producing flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, characterized in that: It comprises a melting furnace (11), a guide groove (12), a spray gun (13), a compressed air source (14), a compressed air pipe (15), a melt (16) and an angle (a); The outlet of the melting furnace (11) and the inlet of the guide groove (12) are in a relationship where the melt flows out and is received, and the spray gun (13) is placed below the guide groove (12); A compressed air source (14), a compressed air pipe (15) and a spray gun (13) are connected in sequence; The center line of the spray gun (13) is at an angle (a) to the horizontal line.

2. A method for producing flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer by oblique spraying of the device according to claim 1, characterized in that: ① Material selection (21) Raw materials include phosphate rock, dolomite, silica and coke; The ratio of raw materials is: phosphate rock: 55-65%; dolomite: 14-18%; silica: 5-11%; coke: 14-17%; ②Mixed (22) All raw materials are in block form, the shape can be irregular, and the maximum dimension (diagonal) of each block is 5-15 cm; The above raw materials should be evenly mixed and stored in the storage warehouse; ③ Material feeding and metering (23) The mixed raw materials are sent from the storage to the feeding equipment through a conveyor belt; at the same time, the metering device must accumulate and record the feeding amount, usually by weighing with a weighing device; the metering data is used to control the feeding speed, and then control the furnace temperature and production progress; ④ Feeding (24) The ignited furnace can be a blast furnace or a cupola, with the core temperature controlled at 1500-1800℃, equipped with blast equipment and a charging port; ⑤ Melting (25) The blower blows air continuously, the coke in the input raw materials burns continuously, and the ore gradually heats up and melts; the molten lava flows downward and gathers at the bottom of the furnace; the bottom of the furnace is concave, which can gather the molten ore, that is, the calcium magnesium phosphate melt is obtained; ⑥ Draw out lava (26) The melt gathers at the bottom of the furnace and flows out from the discharge port of the furnace; the discharge port is horizontal and is an outlet formed by drilling holes in the refractory wall (and the phosphate fertilizer solidified on the channel), and the melt flows out from the discharge port continuously; ⑦Diversion (27) The lava flowing nearly vertically downward from the discharge port flows into the diversion channel; ⑧Fiber forming (28) Compressed air is used to blow the melt flowing down from the guide groove, and the melt impacts the high-speed airflow, and the airflow fiberization principle is used to form fibers, and the solid fibers float in the air and fall slowly, which is the flocculent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, also referred to as phosphate fertilizer cotton; ⑨ Collecting, conveying, stacking, quality inspection and packaging to obtain finished products (29).

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