A battery risk early warning and control system and method

Abstract

This invention provides a battery risk early warning and control system, relating to the field of battery risk prevention and control technology. It includes: a weak grating temperature sensor, a weak grating vibration sensor, a fiber optic grating hydrogen concentration sensor, a fiber optic signal demodulator, a gas filling module, a gas pressure detection module, a risk early warning module, a remote terminal, and a control module. The weak grating temperature and vibration sensors, and the fiber optic grating hydrogen concentration sensor, are used to sense the temperature, vibration, and hydrogen concentration released within the battery pack due to abnormal battery safety and health conditions. The risk early warning module provides early warnings based on the risk data. The gas filling module is used to fill the battery pack with nitrogen. When the gas pressure detection module detects excessive gas pressure within the battery pack, the lead seal automatically detaches. This system effectively prevents battery fires and explosions by filling the battery pack with inert gas and using sensors to monitor battery temperature, vibration, and hydrogen concentration in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery risk prevention and control technology, and in particular to a battery risk early warning and control system and method. Background Technology

[0002] An electrochemical battery energy storage power station consists of battery clusters composed of multiple cells, battery packs assembled into battery modules, and battery modules assembled into a storage battery box. The quality of the batteries is the most critical factor for the safety of the electrochemical energy storage power station. If the batteries overheat and bulge, or become damaged, leading to the release of flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen and methane, it could cause a battery explosion, potentially igniting the battery module or even the entire storage box, and subsequently causing a fire and explosion throughout the entire energy storage power station.

[0003] However, existing battery management system (BMS) technology has proven to have technical flaws. It cannot provide real-time and accurate information on battery temperature and temperature rise rate, cannot provide early warnings of battery overheating risks, and cannot prevent battery fires and explosions. Therefore, it is essential to design a battery risk management system and method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery risk warning and control system and method, which enables real-time monitoring of the battery through a weak grating sensor and prevents battery fire and explosion by maintaining the air pressure balance of the battery pack.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] A battery risk early warning and control system includes: a weak grating temperature detection module, a weak grating vibration detection module, a fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module, a fiber optic signal demodulator, a gas filling module, a gas pressure detection module, an early warning module, a remote terminal, and a control module; the weak grating temperature detection module, the weak grating vibration detection module, and the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module are all connected to the fiber optic signal demodulator, and the fiber optic signal demodulator, the gas filling module, the gas pressure detection module, the early warning module, and the remote terminal are all connected to the control module;

[0007] The weak grating temperature detection module includes an optical fiber and multiple weak grating temperature sensors engraved on the optical fiber; the optical fiber is connected to an optical fiber signal demodulator, and the weak grating temperature sensors are located inside the battery pack; the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors is 10cm longer than the spacing between the battery packs; the weak grating temperature sensors are used to sense the real-time temperature of the battery pack.

[0008] The weak grating vibration detection module includes an optical fiber and multiple weak grating vibration sensors engraved on the optical fiber; the optical fiber is connected to an optical fiber signal demodulator, and the weak grating vibration sensors are set on the surface of the battery pack; the spacing between the weak grating vibration sensors is the same as the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors, and the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors is 5cm; the weak grating vibration sensors are used to sense the micro-vibrations of the battery pack.

[0009] The fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module includes an optical fiber and multiple fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensors connected in series on the optical fiber; the optical fiber is connected to an optical fiber signal demodulator, and the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensors are located inside the battery pack; the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensors are used to detect the concentrations of hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen fluoride gases inside the battery pack;

[0010] The fiber optic signal demodulator is used to demodulate the optical signals from the weak grating temperature sensor, weak grating vibration sensor, and fiber optic grating gas concentration sensor into electrical signals; the gas filling module is used to fill the battery pack with inert gas; the gas pressure detection module is used to detect the gas pressure inside the battery pack; the control module has a built-in judgment unit, which is used to generate different levels of warning information based on the detection data from the fiber optic signal demodulator and the gas pressure detection module; the gas filling module has a built-in pressure balancing unit, which is used to fill the battery pack with nitrogen and vent air, and the pressure balancing unit controls the pressure balancing unit to fill with nitrogen when the gas pressure inside the battery pack is greater than a preset pressure threshold.

[0011] Optionally, the fiber optic signal demodulator has a built-in photodetector and a detection module; the photodetector is used to convert optical signals into electrical signals, and the detection module is used to perform data analysis on the electrical signals to obtain detection results; the detection results include: the temperature of the battery module, vibration signals, and gas concentration content; the vibration signals include vibration amplitude and vibration frequency.

[0012] A battery risk warning and control method includes the following steps:

[0013] Acquire the status light signals of the battery module; the status light signals include: battery module temperature light signal, battery module vibration amplitude light signal, battery module vibration frequency light signal, and battery module gas concentration light signal;

[0014] The state light signal is converted into photoelectric data, and the state data is obtained through software analysis and calculation.

[0015] Different levels of warning information are generated based on status data and the internal gas pressure of the battery pack.

[0016] Optionally, a combined judgment is made based on status data and internal gas pressure of the battery pack to generate different levels of warning information, including:

[0017] When the battery module temperature exceeds the preset temperature threshold, a level four warning message is generated;

[0018] When the battery module temperature exceeds the preset temperature threshold and the battery module vibration amplitude and frequency exceed the preset amplitude threshold and frequency threshold respectively, a level three warning message is generated.

[0019] When any two of the following exceed the corresponding thresholds: battery module temperature, battery module vibration amplitude, battery module vibration frequency, and internal gas pressure of the battery pack, and the hydrogen concentration in the gas exceeds the preset concentration threshold, a level 2 warning message is generated.

[0020] A Level 1 warning message is generated when any three of the following parameters exceed the corresponding thresholds: battery module temperature, battery module vibration amplitude, battery module vibration frequency, internal gas pressure of the battery pack, and hydrogen concentration.

[0021] Optionally, different control methods may be adopted based on the different levels of early warning information generated, including:

[0022] After a Level 4 warning is generated, the temperature rise rate of the battery module is monitored in real time.

[0023] Once a Level 3 warning is generated, if the battery module's temperature rise rate exceeds 5°C per minute, the battery module will be shut down.

[0024] Once a Level 2 warning is generated, the battery module will be removed and moved to a safe area.

[0025] Once a Level 1 warning is generated, nitrogen is added to the battery pack.

[0026] This invention discloses the following technical effects: a battery risk early warning and control system, comprising: a weak grating temperature detection module, a weak grating vibration detection module, a fiber optic grating gas concentration detection module, a fiber optic signal demodulator, a gas filling module, a gas pressure detection module, an early warning module, a remote terminal, and a control module; the weak grating temperature detection module, the weak grating vibration detection module, and the fiber optic grating gas concentration detection module are all connected to the fiber optic signal demodulator, and the fiber optic signal demodulator, the gas filling module, the gas pressure detection module, the early warning module, and the remote terminal are all connected to the control module. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a diagram of a battery risk early warning and control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is an internal structural diagram of the battery risk early warning and control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the battery risk warning and control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Reference numerals: 1. Weak grating temperature detection module; 11. Weak grating temperature sensor; 2. Weak grating vibration detection module; 21. Weak grating vibration sensor; 3. Fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module; 31. Fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensor; 4. Fiber optic signal demodulator; 41. Photodetector; 42. Data analysis unit; 5. Gas filling module; 6. Gas pressure detection module; 7. Early warning module; 8. Remote terminal; 9. Control module; 10. Fiber optic cable. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a battery risk early warning and control system, including: a weak grating temperature detection module 1, a weak grating vibration detection module 2, a fiber optic grating gas concentration detection module 3, a fiber optic signal demodulator 4, a gas filling module 5, a gas pressure detection module 6, an early warning module 7, a remote terminal 8, and a control module 9; the weak grating temperature detection module 1, the weak grating vibration detection module 2, and the fiber optic grating gas concentration detection module 3 are all connected to the fiber optic signal demodulator 4, and the fiber optic signal demodulator 4, the gas filling module 5, the gas pressure detection module 6, the early warning module 7, and the remote terminal 8 are all connected to the control module 9;

[0035] The fiber optic signal demodulator 4 is used to demodulate the optical signals from the weak grating temperature detection module 1, the weak grating vibration detection module 2, and the fiber optic grating gas concentration detection module 3 into electrical signals; the gas filling module 5 is used to fill the battery pack with stabilizing gas; the gas pressure detection module 6 is used to detect the gas pressure inside the battery pack; the control module 9 has a built-in judgment unit, which is used to generate different levels of early warning information based on the detection data from the fiber optic signal demodulator 4 and the gas pressure detection module 6; the gas filling module 5 has a built-in gas pressure balancing unit, which is used to perform a gas release operation when the gas pressure inside the battery pack is greater than a preset pressure threshold.

[0036] The internal structure diagram of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The weak grating temperature detection module 1 includes an optical fiber 10 and multiple weak grating temperature sensors 11 engraved on the optical fiber 10; the optical fiber 10 is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator 4, and the weak grating temperature sensors 11 are set on the surface of the battery pack to sense the temperature of the battery pack; the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors 11 is 10 cm longer than the spacing between the batteries.

[0037] It should be noted that each low-voltage grating temperature sensor 11 is located inside the battery pack to ensure accurate temperature sensing within the pack. All low-voltage grating temperature sensors 11 inside each battery in each energy storage battery box are engraved onto an optical fiber 10 using a femtosecond laser. One end of the optical fiber 10 is connected to the optical fiber demodulator 4 via an optical fiber connector to ensure effective optical signal transmission.

[0038] Understandably, the weak grating temperature sensor 11 possesses high sensitivity and high accuracy, enabling it to accurately monitor temperature changes. The real-time transmission characteristics of the optical fiber 10 allow the system to continuously monitor battery temperature, achieving long-distance signal transmission, increasing data transmission speed, and enhancing the system's anti-interference capabilities.

[0039] Specifically, the weak grating vibration detection module 2 includes an optical fiber 10 and multiple weak grating vibration sensors 21 engraved on the optical fiber 10; the optical fiber 10 is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator 4, and the weak grating vibration sensors 21 are disposed on the surface of the battery pack to monitor the micro-vibration of the battery pack; the spacing between the weak grating vibration sensors 21 is the same as the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors 11, and the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors 11 is 5cm.

[0040] It should be noted that the weak grating vibration sensor 21 is directly pasted or fixed to the outer surface of the battery pack and is inscribed on the same optical fiber 10 as the weak grating temperature sensor 11. When the weak grating vibration sensor 21 is subjected to external vibration or mechanical strain, the microstructure of the optical fiber 10 will change, causing a shift in the reflected wavelength of the grating. This wavelength change is related to the amplitude and frequency of the vibration. By analyzing the change in the reflected wavelength, the amplitude and frequency of the vibration can be accurately measured.

[0041] Understandably, the weak light grating vibration sensor 21 possesses high sensitivity and accuracy, capable of detecting minute vibration changes and ensuring data reliability. It is also unaffected by electromagnetic interference, enabling stable operation in environments with severe electromagnetic noise. Furthermore, it is corrosion-resistant and waterproof, requiring minimal maintenance and reducing operating costs.

[0042] Specifically, the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module 3 includes an optical fiber 10 and multiple fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensors 31 connected in series on the optical fiber 10; the optical fiber 10 is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator 4, and the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensors 31 are disposed inside the battery pack; the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensors 31 are used to detect the concentrations of hydrogen, methane and hydrogen fluoride gases inside the battery pack.

[0043] It should be noted that the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensor 31 generates different optical signals based on the light absorption characteristics of different gases. These optical signals reflect the gas concentrations of different gases in the sealed battery pack. Each fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensor 31 within the battery pack of each energy storage battery box is connected in series by a single optical fiber 10. Each optical fiber 10 and each fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensor 31 has a corresponding serial number, which allows for rapid identification of the location of the battery pack where a gas leak has occurred.

[0044] Specifically, the fiber optic signal demodulator 4 has a certain bandwidth and sensitivity to capture the wavelength changes reflected by the weak grating sensor. It has a built-in photodetector 41 and a data analysis unit 42. The photodetector 41 is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and the data analysis unit 42 is used to perform data analysis on the electrical signal to obtain the detection results. The detection results include the temperature, vibration amplitude, vibration frequency and concentration of various gases of the battery module.

[0045] It should be noted that the optical fibers 10 with the weak grating temperature sensor 11 and the weak grating vibration sensor 21 are all connected to the same optical fiber signal demodulator 4, and the optical fibers 10 with the fiber grating gas concentration sensor 31 connected in series are all connected to another optical fiber signal demodulator 4. The two demodulators demodulate different optical signals respectively.

[0046] Specifically, both the gas filling module 5 and the gas pressure detection module 6 are located inside the battery pack. The gas filling module 5 includes a nitrogen filling unit and a sealing unit. The nitrogen filling unit is used to fill the battery pack with nitrogen gas to delay the oxidation and aging of the battery by isolating it from oxygen, and to prevent the battery from overheating and releasing flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen and methane, which could cause an explosion or combustion, thus effectively preventing battery explosions.

[0047] It should be noted that the sealing unit consists of an air inlet and a lead seal. When the control module 9 detects that the gas pressure inside the battery pack has risen to 0.1 MPa through the gas pressure detection module 6, it controls the lead seal to fall off, thereby releasing the gas inside the battery pack and preventing the battery from exploding due to excessive internal pressure.

[0048] Specifically, the control module 9 processes the monitoring data from different weak light grating sensors in real time, generates different early warning information by comparing the results with their respective preset thresholds, and controls the early warning module 7 to issue audible and visual alarms based on the early warning information. It can also wirelessly transmit all monitoring data and early warning information to a remote terminal 8 for visual display.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment of the invention also provides a battery risk warning and control method, including the following steps:

[0050] Step 100: Acquire the status light signal of the battery module; the status light signal includes: battery module temperature light signal, battery module vibration amplitude light signal, battery module vibration frequency light signal and battery module gas concentration light signal;

[0051] Step 200: The state light signal is converted into photoelectric data, and the state data is obtained through software analysis and calculation;

[0052] Specifically, different state optical signals are converted into corresponding electrical signals through photoelectric conversion, and then the electrical signals are filtered, smoothed and denoised to obtain the detection data corresponding to different electrical signals.

[0053] More specifically, the formula for calculating the battery vibration amplitude is: Where A is the vibration amplitude, C is a constant, and k is the sensitivity of the weak grating vibration sensor 21. For a specific wavelength, The wavelength is the center reflection wavelength. In this embodiment, the specific wavelength is 16 pm / µε.

[0054] In this embodiment, the specific steps for obtaining the battery vibration frequency are as follows: by performing a fast Fourier transform on the electrical signal of the battery vibration frequency, a frequency domain signal is obtained, and the main vibration frequency corresponding to the peak position of the frequency domain signal is taken as the battery vibration frequency.

[0055] Step 300: Generate different levels of warning information based on status data and internal gas pressure of the battery pack.

[0056] Specifically, when the battery module temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, a level four warning message is generated; in this embodiment, the preset temperature threshold is 40°C.

[0057] When the battery module temperature exceeds the preset temperature threshold and the battery module vibration amplitude and frequency exceed the preset amplitude threshold and frequency threshold respectively, a level three warning message is generated; in this embodiment, the preset amplitude threshold is 2g (acceleration) and the preset frequency threshold is 200Hz.

[0058] When any two of the following exceed the corresponding thresholds: battery module temperature, battery module vibration amplitude, battery module vibration frequency, and internal gas pressure of the battery pack, and the hydrogen concentration in the gas exceeds the preset concentration threshold, a secondary warning message is generated. In this embodiment, the preset pressure threshold is 0.1 MPa, and the preset concentration thresholds include the hydrogen concentration threshold, methane concentration threshold, and hydrogen fluoride concentration threshold, which are 4%, 5%, and 50 ppm, respectively.

[0059] A Level 1 warning message is generated when any three of the following parameters exceed the corresponding thresholds: battery module temperature, battery module vibration amplitude, battery module vibration frequency, internal gas pressure of the battery pack, and hydrogen concentration.

[0060] Specifically, different control methods are adopted based on the different levels of early warning information generated, including:

[0061] Upon receiving a Level 4 warning, the temperature rise rate of the battery module is monitored in real time.

[0062] If the battery module's temperature rise rate exceeds 5°C per minute after receiving a Level 3 warning, the battery module will be shut down.

[0063] Upon receiving a Level 2 warning, the battery module was removed and moved to a safe area for safe disposal.

[0064] Upon receiving a Level 1 warning, nitrogen gas is promptly pumped into the battery pack, battery cluster, and container to prevent deflagration accidents.

[0065] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0066] 1. Using a weak grating sensor improves the system's data transmission speed, sensitivity, and accuracy, and also enhances the system's anti-interference capability;

[0067] 2. Numbering the gas concentration sensors can quickly pinpoint the location of the battery pack where a gas leak has occurred, allowing for rapid response and greatly improving the safety of battery storage.

[0068] 3. By filling the battery with nitrogen to isolate oxygen, the oxidation and aging of the battery are slowed down, and the explosion and combustion problems caused by the release of flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen and methane due to overheating are effectively prevented.

[0069] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0070] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A battery risk early warning management system, characterized in that, Comprise: Weak grating temperature detection module, weak grating vibration detection module, fiber grating gas concentration detection module, fiber signal demodulator, gas filling module, gas pressure detection module, early warning module, remote terminal and control module;Weak grating temperature detection module, weak grating vibration detection module and fiber grating gas concentration detection module are connected with fiber signal demodulator, fiber signal demodulator, gas filling module, gas pressure detection module, early warning module and remote terminal are connected with control module; The fiber signal demodulator is used for demodulating optical signal into electrical signal;The gas filling module is used for filling inert gas into the interior of the battery pack;The gas pressure detection module is used for detecting the internal gas pressure of the battery pack;The control module is built-in judging unit, the judging unit is used for generating different levels of early warning information according to the detection data of the fiber signal demodulator and the gas pressure detection module;The gas filling module is built-in gas pressure balancing unit, the gas pressure balancing unit is used for filling nitrogen when the internal gas pressure of the battery pack is greater than the preset pressure threshold.

2. The battery risk early warning management and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber signal demodulator is built-in photodetector and detection module; The photodetector is used for converting optical signal into electrical signal, the detection module is used for data analysis on the electrical signal to obtain detection result;The detection result includes: temperature, vibration signal and gas concentration content of battery module;The vibration signal includes vibration amplitude and vibration frequency.

3. The battery risk early warning management and control system according to claim 1, wherein, The weak grating temperature detection module includes fiber and multiple weak grating temperature sensors engraved on the fiber;The fiber is connected with the fiber signal demodulator, and the weak grating temperature sensors are arranged in the interior of the battery pack;The interval of the weak grating temperature sensors is 10 cm longer than the interval of the battery pack;The weak grating temperature sensors are used for sensing the real-time temperature of the battery pack.

4. The battery risk early warning management and control system according to claim 1, wherein, The weak grating vibration detection module includes the fiber and multiple weak grating vibration sensors engraved on the fiber;The fiber is connected with the fiber signal demodulator, and the weak grating vibration sensors are arranged on the surface of the battery pack;The interval of the weak grating vibration sensors is the same as that of the weak grating temperature sensors, and the interval of the weak grating temperature sensors is 5 cm;The weak grating vibration sensors are used for sensing the microvibration of the battery pack.

5. The battery risk pre-warning management and control system according to claim 1, wherein, The fiber grating gas concentration detection module includes the fiber and multiple fiber grating gas concentration sensors connected in series on the fiber;The fiber is connected with the fiber signal demodulator, and the fiber grating gas concentration sensors are arranged in the interior of the battery pack;The fiber grating gas concentration sensors are used for detecting the hydrogen, methane and hydrogen fluoride gas concentration in the interior of the battery pack.

6. A battery risk early warning management method applied to the battery risk early warning management system of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Obtaining the state optical signal of the battery module;The state optical signal includes: battery module temperature optical signal, battery module vibration amplitude optical signal, battery module vibration frequency optical signal and battery module gas concentration optical signal; Photoelectrically converting the state light signal and obtaining state data by software analysis and calculation; Generating early warning information of different levels according to the state data and the gas pressure inside the battery pack.

7. The battery risk early warning management method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Generating early warning information of different levels by composite judgment according to the state data and the gas pressure inside the battery pack, including: When the temperature of the battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold, generating four-level early warning information; When the temperature of the battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold, and the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the battery module exceed the preset amplitude threshold and the frequency threshold respectively, generating three-level early warning information; When any two of the temperature of the battery module, the vibration amplitude of the battery module, the vibration frequency of the battery module and the gas pressure inside the battery pack exceed the corresponding threshold, and the hydrogen concentration in the gas concentration exceeds a preset concentration threshold, generating two-level early warning information; When any three of the temperature of the battery module, the vibration amplitude of the battery module, the vibration frequency of the battery module, the gas pressure inside the battery pack and the hydrogen concentration exceed the corresponding threshold, generating one-level early warning information. 8.The battery risk pre-warning management method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Taking different control methods according to the early warning information of different levels, including: When the four-level early warning information is generated, monitoring the temperature rise rate of the battery module in real time; When the three-level early warning information is generated, if the temperature rise rate of the battery module exceeds a rate of 5℃ per minute, the battery module is disabled; When the two-level early warning information is generated, the battery module is removed and transferred to a safe area; When the one-level early warning information is generated, nitrogen is filled into the battery pack.

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