A method for determining the optimum fineness for beneficiation and a method for efficiently recovering associated friable beneficial minerals and iron concentrates from primary iron ores

Abstract

The application discloses a method for determining optimal grinding fineness and a method for efficiently recovering associated fragile beneficial minerals and iron concentrates in primary iron ores, wherein concentrate indexes under each fineness condition are calculated according to process mineralogy parameters, and then optimal grinding fineness is obtained, and the method can be applied to the recovery field of all minerals and metallurgical products. Based on the above idea, the best one-stage grinding fineness and two-stage grinding fineness are calculated in the method for recovering associated fragile beneficial minerals and iron concentrates in primary iron ores, the super-pure iron concentrate / iron concentrate, associated fragile beneficial mineral concentrate and iron coarse concentrate are obtained in turn by adopting a magnetic separation-flotation combined method under the one-stage grinding fineness, and then the iron coarse concentrate is finely ground to the two-stage grinding fineness and then subjected to weak magnetic separation to recover the remaining qualified iron concentrate. The application can determine the optimal grinding fineness and formulate the optimal beneficiation process in advance when no ore dressing operation is performed, and not only can the production cost be reduced and the product quality be improved, but also the high-quality utilization of resources is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mineral processing technology, and particularly relates to a method for determining the optimal grinding fineness for beneficiation and a method for efficiently recovering associated brittle and beneficial minerals and iron concentrate from primary iron ore. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of mineral processing technology, grinding fineness has a significant impact on beneficiation indicators and production costs. As grinding fineness increases, concentrate grade gradually improves. However, when the grinding fineness exceeds a certain value, some initially liberated minerals undergo particle micronization, resulting in the loss of some micronized target minerals to the tailings during beneficiation, leading to a decrease in recovery rate. Therefore, exploring the optimal grinding fineness is crucial for developing a reasonable beneficiation process. However, existing methods for calculating grinding fineness have the following problems: Current methods are typically experimental. In laboratories, ore is ground to certain finenesses based on experience, and then beneficiation tests are conducted under different conditions such as magnetic separation, flotation, and gravity separation at these finenesses. The concentrate indicators are then compared, and the grinding fineness corresponding to high recovery rate and high concentrate grade is considered the optimal grinding fineness. The concentrate indicators obtained by existing experimental methods are affected by equipment processing capacity and energy consumption, as well as the type and dosage of flotation reagents, which may lead to deviations from the optimal grinding fineness. Furthermore, this method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and increases costs.

[0003] The iron minerals in primary iron ore are mainly magnetite or titanomagnetite. Commonly found as associated, easily recoverable, and brittle minerals include ilmenite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, galena, molybdenite, wolframite, scheelite, bastnaesite, or fluorite. These easily recoverable and brittle minerals typically have two or more of the following characteristics: hardness between 1 and 3, brittleness, well-developed cleavage, well-developed cracks, and defects and weak points in the internal crystal structure.

[0004] In the field of mineral processing technology, a rational mineral processing flow is of great significance. It can not only improve resource utilization, enhance product quality, and reduce production costs, but also reduce environmental pollution. Because magnetite / titanium magnetite is strongly magnetic and clearly distinguishes itself from the aforementioned associated, easily recoverable, brittle minerals, iron is usually prioritized in the mineral processing process.

[0005] Currently, the preferred iron-bearing process in mineral processing technology involves progressively increasing the iron grade in iron concentrate through staged grinding, staged separation, and weak magnetic separation. However, because easily recoverable and fragile beneficial minerals such as ilmenite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, galena, molybdenite, wolframite, scheelite, bastnaesite, or fluorite are prone to crushing and mudification during staged grinding and separation, when a qualified iron concentrate is obtained, the proportion of recoverable and fragile beneficial minerals in the tailings is extremely high. Ultimately, this makes it difficult to recover these fragile and beneficial minerals, resulting in an excessively low recovery rate of beneficial elements.

[0006] The staged grinding, staged separation, and weak magnetic separation operations gradually improve the iron grade of the concentrate. In the second stage of grinding, the beneficial minerals that were in single or intergrowth form during the first stage of grinding are ground into finer particles. In the third stage of grinding, the beneficial minerals that were in single or intergrowth form during the second stage of grinding are ground into finer particles, and may even be turned into mud by the beneficial minerals that were in single or intergrowth form during the first stage of grinding. This results in an excessively high proportion of particulate-sized associated beneficial minerals, which affects the recovery rate of beneficial elements.

[0007] Although the stepped grinding and selective iron beneficiation process can produce qualified iron concentrate, the significant loss of associated brittle and valuable minerals that can be comprehensively recovered makes it difficult for enterprises to compensate for the initial investment in iron beneficiation by enriching the associated brittle and valuable minerals, thus reducing the resource utilization rate and economic benefits of the entire beneficiation process. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the problems in the prior art, this invention provides a method for determining the optimal grinding fineness for beneficiation and a method for efficiently recovering associated brittle beneficial minerals and iron concentrate from primary iron ore. The method of this invention can determine the optimal grinding fineness for beneficiation in advance before beneficiation operations, avoiding wasting time and effort, saving costs, and providing a scientific basis for the formulation of beneficiation process flow.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows:

[0010] This invention provides a method for determining the optimal grinding fineness in mineral processing, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1. After grinding the raw ore into a powder sample without any sandy texture, representative samples are selected by fractional reduction and chemical multi-element analysis is performed to determine the grade α of the target element in the raw ore.

[0012] S2. Grind the raw ore to different finenesses, and after preparing the samples of different finenesses into optical discs, determine the weight content W of the target mineral to be beneficiated, the content D of the target element in the target mineral, the particle size and degree of liberation of the target mineral in the different samples.

[0013] S3. Calculate the technical indicators of the concentrate at the corresponding fineness based on the data obtained in steps S1 and S2. The technical indicators include concentrate yield. Grade of the target element in the concentrate Recovery rate of target elements in concentrate .

[0014] S4. Align the concentrate parameters with industry standards. When the concentrate grade at different finenesses all reach the industry standard values, the fineness corresponding to the highest concentrate yield and target element recovery rate under each fineness condition is the optimal grinding fineness. When the concentrate grade at individual finenesses does not reach the industry standard values, gradually adjust the concentrate grade values ​​to the industry standard values, and then adjust the concentrate yield and target element recovery rate accordingly. The fineness corresponding to the highest concentrate yield and target element recovery rate under each fineness condition after adjustment is the optimal grinding fineness.

[0015] As an optional implementation, in the method provided by the present invention, the calculation method of the concentrate index includes the following steps:

[0016] (1) After preparing the selected representative sample into a light film, the particle size of the target mineral is determined, and the proportion of the target mineral with a mesh size of 800 or larger in the sample is recorded as A.

[0017] (2) The fineness of the concentrate is determined by the n-part method for intergrowths, and the calculation method is as follows:

[0018] Yield ;

[0019] The quality of the target element ;

[0020] Recovery rate of target element ;

[0021] Where, when n=0, B0 is the distribution rate of the monomer, and C0 is the constant of the monomer corresponding to B0; when n>0, B n C represents the distribution rate of interspersed organisms. n To be with B n The constant corresponding to the intercalation.

[0022] In this invention, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0023] The distribution rate of monomers in intergeneric organisms was determined using the n-part method and denoted as B0. The distribution rate of ≤1 interspersed organisms is denoted as B1. ≤Limbosom< The distribution rate is denoted as B2. ≤Limbosom< The distribution rate is denoted as B3. ≤Limbosom< The distribution rate is denoted as B4, ..., for interspersed organisms. The distribution rate is denoted as B.n Where B0+B1+B2+B3+B4+……+B n =100%.

[0024] 1) When only monomers are recovered, the concentrate index at this fineness is calculated as follows:

[0025] Yield ;

[0026] The quality of the target element ;

[0027] Recovery rate of target element .

[0028] 2) Recycled monomers and ≥ When dealing with intergrowth structures, the calculation method for concentrate parameters at this fineness is as follows:

[0029] Yield ;

[0030] The quality of the target element ;

[0031] Recovery rate of target element .

[0032] 3) Recycle monomers and ≥ When dealing with intergrowth structures, the calculation method for concentrate parameters at this fineness is as follows:

[0033] Yield ;

[0034] The quality of the target element ;

[0035] Recovery rate of target element .

[0036] 4) Recycle monomers and ≥ When dealing with intergrowth structures, the calculation method for concentrate parameters at this fineness is as follows:

[0037] Yield ;

[0038] The quality of the target element ;

[0039] Recovery rate of target element .

[0040] 5) Recycle monomers and ≥ When dealing with intergrowth structures, the calculation method for concentrate parameters at this fineness is as follows:

[0041] Yield ;

[0042] The quality of the target element ;

[0043] Recovery rate of target element .

[0044] 6) Recover all particles containing the target mineral. The calculation method for the concentrate index at this fineness is as follows:

[0045] Yield ;

[0046] The quality of the target element ;

[0047] Recovery rate of target element .

[0048] Where C0 is the constant corresponding to the monomer, and C1 is... The constant corresponding to ≤interspersed organisms<1, C2 is ≤Limbosom< The corresponding constant, C3 is ≤Limbosom< The corresponding constant, C2 is ≤Limbosom< The corresponding constants, ..., C n For interspersed organisms The corresponding constant; where C0=1, , , , ... .

[0049] As an optional implementation, in the method provided by the present invention, n=4, the distribution rate of individual organisms is denoted as B0, the distribution rate of 3 / 4≤interspersed organisms<1 is denoted as B1, the distribution rate of 2 / 4≤interspersed organisms<3 / 4 is denoted as B2, the distribution rate of 1 / 4≤interspersed organisms<2 / 4 is denoted as B3, and the distribution rate of interspersed organisms<1 / 4 is denoted as B4.

[0050] As an optional implementation, in the method provided by this invention, n=4, the constant C0 corresponding to the monomer is 1, and the constant corresponding to 3 / 4≤interspersed<1 is... The constant corresponding to 2 / 4 ≤ conjoined twins < 3 / 4 The constant corresponding to 1 / 4 ≤ conjoined twins < 2 / 4 The constant corresponding to interspersed organisms <1 / 4 .

[0051] As an optional implementation, in the method provided by this invention, n=4.

[0052] When only monomers are recovered, the concentrate index at this fineness is calculated as follows:

[0053] Yield ;

[0054] The quality of the target element ;

[0055] Recovery rate of target element .

[0056] When recovering monomers and ≥3 / 4 of the intergrowths, the concentrate index at this fineness is calculated as follows:

[0057] Yield ;

[0058] The quality of the target element ;

[0059] Recovery rate of target element .

[0060] When recovering monomers and ≥2 / 4 of intergrowths, the concentrate index at this fineness is calculated as follows:

[0061] Yield ;

[0062] The quality of the target element ;

[0063] Recovery rate of target element .

[0064] When recovering monomers and ≥1 / 4 of intergrowths, the concentrate index at this fineness is calculated as follows:

[0065] Yield ;

[0066] The quality of the target element ;

[0067] Recovery rate of target element .

[0068] All particles containing the target mineral are recovered. The calculation method for the concentrate index at this fineness is as follows:

[0069] Yield ;

[0070] The quality of the target element ;

[0071] Recovery rate of target element .

[0072] As an optional implementation, in the method provided by the present invention, step S4, the method for adjusting the concentrate yield and the recovery rate of the target element includes the following steps: by adjusting the intergrowth distribution rate value corresponding to the data that is closest to but less than the industry standard under this fineness, the adjusted intergrowth distribution rate value is substituted into the calculation method of the target element grade, so that the target element grade reaches the industry standard, and correspondingly, the adjusted intergrowth distribution rate value is substituted into the corresponding calculation method of concentrate yield and the recovery rate of the target element in the concentrate, thereby obtaining a new concentrate yield and the recovery rate of the target element in the concentrate.

[0073] As an optional implementation, in the method provided by the present invention, the method for performing multi-element chemical analysis in step S1 is titration.

[0074] As an optional implementation, in the method provided by the present invention, in step S2, the content D of the target element in the target mineral can also refer to the chemical analysis data of the target mineral in the book "Systematic Mineralogy".

[0075] As an optional implementation, in the method provided by the present invention, in step S4, the industry standard referred to is the "Reference Manual of Requirements for Mineral Resources Industry" published by Geological Publishing House in 2011.

[0076] Based on the same technical concept, the present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned method for determining the optimal grinding fineness in the recovery of minerals and beneficiation products.

[0077] Based on the same technical concept, the present invention also provides a method for efficiently recovering associated brittle and beneficial minerals and iron concentrate from primary iron ore, comprising the following steps:

[0078] (1) After grinding the raw ore into a powder sample without sandy texture, representative samples were selected by fraction reduction and chemical multi-element analysis was performed to determine the grade α of the target element in the raw ore.

[0079] (2) Grind the raw ore to different finenesses, and after making the samples of different finenesses into optical discs, determine the weight content W of the target mineral to be beneficiated, the content D of the target element in the target mineral, the particle size and degree of liberation of the target mineral in the different samples.

[0080] (3) Calculate the technical indicators of the concentrate at the corresponding fineness based on the data obtained in steps S1 and S2. The technical indicators include concentrate yield. Grade of the target element in the concentrate Recovery rate of target element .

[0081] (4) The concentrate index is benchmarked against the industry standard. When the concentrate grade under different finenesses all reach the industry standard value, the fineness corresponding to the highest concentrate yield and target element recovery rate under each fineness condition is the optimal grinding fineness. When the concentrate grade under individual finenesses does not reach the industry standard value, the concentrate grade value is gradually adjusted to the industry standard value, and the concentrate yield and target element recovery rate are adjusted accordingly. The fineness corresponding to the highest concentrate yield and target element recovery rate under each fineness condition after adjustment is the optimal grinding fineness.

[0082] (5) The optimal grinding fineness of associated brittle and beneficial minerals in primary iron ore and the optimal grinding fineness of magnetite / titanium magnetite in primary iron ore were obtained respectively.

[0083] (6) Grind the primary iron ore to the optimal grinding fineness (i.e., the first grinding fineness) for the selection of associated brittle and beneficial minerals, and use weak magnetic separation to recover magnetite / titanium magnetite monomers and some rich intergrowths to obtain ultrapure iron concentrate / iron concentrate and iron tailings.

[0084] (7) The iron tailings obtained in step (6) are directly recycled to recover the associated fragile and beneficial minerals to obtain associated mineral concentrate and iron rough concentrate.

[0085] (8) Grind the iron concentrate obtained in step (7) to the optimal grinding fineness for magnetite / titanium magnetite (i.e., the second-stage grinding fineness), and recover the remaining qualified iron concentrate by weak magnetic separation.

[0086] In this invention, since the associated brittle and beneficial minerals are easy to dissociate, and the optimal grinding fineness of the associated brittle and beneficial minerals is coarser than that of magnetite / titanium magnetite, most of the ultrapure iron concentrate / iron concentrate is recovered first at the optimal grinding fineness of the associated beneficial minerals. This step can not only obtain high-grade iron concentrate in advance, but also reduce the impact of iron minerals on the subsequent beneficiation effect, while reducing the amount of grinding.

[0087] As an optional implementation, in the method provided by the present invention, the iron minerals in the primary iron ore are selected from one or two of magnetite and titanomagnetite; the associated brittle and beneficial minerals in the primary iron ore are selected from one or more of ilmenite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, galena, molybdenite, wolframite, scheelite, bastnaesite, or fluorite.

[0088] As an optional implementation, in the method provided by the present invention, in step (7), the recovery method is a magnetic separation-flotation combined method.

[0089] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0090] (1) This invention can calculate the concentrate index and optimal grinding fineness under various fineness conditions in advance before mineral processing operations are carried out. This method is time-saving and labor-saving, and is not affected by objective factors such as equipment, reagent system and energy consumption. It has stronger stability, higher adaptability and saves time and labor.

[0091] (2) The method of using the optimal grinding fineness of associated brittle beneficial minerals in primary iron ore and the optimal grinding fineness of magnetite / titanium magnetite in primary iron ore greatly reduces the generation of particulate-grade associated brittle beneficial minerals and significantly improves the recovery rate of beneficial elements in the associated brittle beneficial mineral concentrate. According to the principle of selecting the best and recovering the best, ultrapure iron concentrate / iron concentrate can be obtained first, while greatly reducing energy consumption and losses and significantly improving economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0092] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0093] Figure 1 This is a technical flowchart for determining the optimal grinding fineness in the beneficiation process of this invention.

[0094] Figure 2 This is a technical flowchart of the method for recovering associated brittle beneficial minerals and iron concentrate from primary iron ore in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0095] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0096] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0097] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0098] A method for determining the optimal grinding fineness in mineral processing, the technical route is as follows: Figure 1 As shown:

[0099] The raw ore block was finely ground into a powder without any sandy texture. A representative raw ore sample of about 20g was obtained and subjected to multi-element chemical analysis by titration to determine the grade α of the target element in the raw ore.

[0100] The raw ore was ground to a fineness of -200 mesh, 35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95%, and then sampled to obtain 7 samples, which were labeled with identification numbers ①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑥, and ⑦ in sequence.

[0101] The seven samples were prepared into optical sections. The mineral species and weight content (W), grain size and degree of liberation of the target mineral, and the content (D) of the target element in the target mineral were determined for sections numbered ①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑥, and ⑦, respectively. The mineral species and weight content (W) were obtained through a combination of chemical multi-element analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and MLA determination. The grain size and degree of liberation were obtained through a combination of microscopic identification and MLA determination. The content (D) of the target element in the target mineral could be obtained through scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy micro-area compositional analysis or by referring to the chemical analysis data of the target mineral in *Systematic Mineralogy*.

[0102] The calculation method for concentrate indicators is as follows:

[0103] (1) After preparing the selected representative sample into a light film, the particle size of the target mineral is determined, and the proportion of the target mineral with a mesh size of 800 or larger in the sample is recorded as A.

[0104] (2) The fineness of the concentrate is determined by the n-part method for intergrowths, and the calculation method is as follows:

[0105] Yield ;

[0106] The quality of the target element ;

[0107] Recovery rate of target element ;

[0108] Where, when n=0, B0 is the distribution rate of the monomer, and C0 is the constant of the monomer corresponding to B0; when n>0, B n C represents the distribution rate of interspersed organisms. n To be with B n The constant corresponding to the intercalation.

[0109] The specific method includes the following steps:

[0110] The proportion of target minerals with a mesh size of 800 or larger in the sample is denoted as A. After preparing a transparency of the selected representative sample, the degree of dissociation of the target minerals in the sample is measured. The distribution rate of monomers is determined using the n-part method and denoted as B0. The distribution rate of ≤1 interspersed organisms is denoted as B1. ≤Limbosom< The distribution rate is denoted as B2. ≤Limbosom< The distribution rate is denoted as B3. ≤Limbosom< The distribution rate is denoted as B4, ..., for interspersed organisms. The distribution rate is denoted as B. n Where B0+B1+B2+B3+B4+……+B n =100%.

[0111] 1) When only monomers are recovered, the concentrate index at this fineness is calculated as follows:

[0112] Yield ;

[0113] The quality of the target element ;

[0114] Recovery rate of target element .

[0115] 2) Recycled monomers and ≥ When dealing with intergrowth structures, the calculation method for concentrate parameters at this fineness is as follows:

[0116] Yield ;

[0117] The quality of the target element ;

[0118] Recovery rate of target element .

[0119] 3) Recycle monomers and ≥ When dealing with intergrowth structures, the calculation method for concentrate parameters at this fineness is as follows:

[0120] Yield ;

[0121] The quality of the target element ;

[0122] Recovery rate of target element .

[0123] 4) Recycle monomers and ≥ When dealing with intergrowth structures, the calculation method for concentrate parameters at this fineness is as follows:

[0124] Yield ;

[0125] The quality of the target element ;

[0126] Recovery rate of target element .

[0127] 5) Recycle monomers and ≥ When dealing with intergrowth structures, the calculation method for concentrate parameters at this fineness is as follows:

[0128] Yield ;

[0129] The quality of the target element ;

[0130] Recovery rate of target element .

[0131] 6) Recover all particles containing the target mineral. The calculation method for the concentrate index at this fineness is as follows:

[0132] Yield ;

[0133] The quality of the target element ;

[0134] Recovery rate of target element .

[0135] Where C0 is the constant corresponding to the monomer, and C1 is... The constant corresponding to ≤interspersed organisms<1, C2 is ≤Limbosom< The corresponding constant, C3 is ≤Limbosom< The corresponding constant, C2 is ≤Limbosom< The corresponding constants, ..., C n For interspersed organisms The corresponding constant; where C0=1, , , , ... .

[0136] By aligning concentrate parameters with industry standards, the optimal grinding fineness is determined when the concentrate grade at different fineness levels meets the industry standard values. The fineness corresponding to the highest concentrate yield and target element recovery rate under each fineness condition is the optimal grinding fineness. When the concentrate grade at individual fineness levels does not meet the industry standard values, the concentrate grade values ​​are gradually adjusted to the industry standard values, and the concentrate yield and target element recovery rate are adjusted accordingly. The fineness corresponding to the highest concentrate yield and target element recovery rate under each fineness condition after adjustment is the optimal grinding fineness.

[0137] When the grinding fineness exceeds this level, although the degree of liberation of the target minerals tends to increase, the beneficiation indicators decrease instead of increase.

[0138] The optimal grinding fineness for associated brittle and beneficial minerals in primary iron ore and for magnetite / titanium magnetite in primary iron ore were obtained using the above methods. The primary iron ore was ground to the optimal grinding fineness for associated brittle and beneficial minerals, and weak magnetic separation was used to recover individual magnetite / titanium magnetite deposits and some intergrowths, yielding ultrapure iron concentrate / iron concentrate and iron tailings. The iron tailings were then used to directly recover associated brittle and beneficial minerals, yielding associated mineral concentrate and rough iron concentrate. The rough iron concentrate was ground to the optimal grinding fineness for magnetite / titanium magnetite, and weak magnetic separation was used to recover the remaining qualified iron concentrate.

[0139] Example 1

[0140] To ensure the feasibility of the methods for determining the optimal grinding fineness and efficiently recovering associated brittle beneficial minerals and iron concentrate from primary iron ore in this application, the specific steps are as follows, taking vanadium-titanium magnetite ore from a mining area in Panzhihua as an example:

[0141] Laboratory studies ultimately determined that the Fe and TiO2 grades (α) in a vanadium-titanium magnetite from a certain mining area in Panzhihua were 22.60% and 8.26%, respectively; the weight contents (W) of titanomagnetite and ilmenite were 26.81% and 6.85%, respectively; the Fe content (D) in titanomagnetite was 58.94%; and the TiO2 content (D) in ilmenite was 51.82%. The grinding fineness was 35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95% for -200 mesh. The corresponding percentages (A) of +800 mesh titanomagnetite at each fineness were 99.48%, 99.33%, 98.78%, 97.94%, 96.45%, 95.99%, and 94.03%, respectively; and the corresponding percentages (A) of +800 mesh ilmenite at each fineness were 91.48%, 91.33%, 88.21%, 87.09%, 84.54%, 78.59%, and 71.26%, respectively.

[0142] (ii) Taking the quartering method as an example (n=4), the degree of liberation of ilmenite under different fineness is shown in Table 1.

[0143] Table 1: Degree of liberation of ilmenite at different grinding fineness / %

[0144]

[0145] As shown in Table 1, the degree of liberation of ilmenite at different finenesses is relatively low, with the highest degree of liberation being only 67.38%. According to traditional thinking (focusing only on the degree of liberation), the samples still need to be finely ground.

[0146] According to the method of the present invention, titanium concentrate parameters under different grinding fineness are calculated, specifically including concentrate yield. Grade of the target element in the concentrate and target element recovery rate The calculation method takes the index of titanium concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 35% as an example of vanadium-titanium magnetite from a certain mining area in Panzhihua:

[0147] ① Only recovering monomers, the specifications of titanium concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 35% are as follows:

[0148] Yield =6.85% × 91.48% × 27.97% = 1.75%;

[0149] TiO2 grade =51.82%;

[0150] TiO2 recovery rate =6.85%×91.48%×51.82%×27.97%÷8.26%=11.00%.

[0151] ② When recovering monomers and ≥3 / 4 of the intergrowths, the specifications for titanium concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 35% are as follows:

[0152] Yield =6.85% × 91.48% × (27.97% + 46.20% × 1.1429) = 5.06%;

[0153] TiO2 grade =51.82%×(27.97%+46.20%)÷(27.97%+46.20%×1.1429)=47.58%;

[0154] TiO2 recovery rate =6.85%×91.48%×51.82%×(27.97%+46.20%)÷8.26%=29.16%.

[0155] ③ When recovering monomers and ≥1 / 2 intergrowths, the specifications for titanium concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 35% are as follows:

[0156] Yield =6.85% × 91.48% × (27.97% + 46.20% × 1.1429 + 12.14% × 1.6) = 6.28%;

[0157] TiO2 grade =51.82%×(27.97%+46.20%+12.14%)÷(27.97%+46.20%×1.1429+12.14%×1.6)=44.64%;

[0158] TiO2 recovery rate =6.85%×91.48%×51.82%×(27.97%+46.20%+12.14%)÷8.26%=33.93%.

[0159] ④ When recovering monomers and >1 / 4 of the intergrowths, the specifications for titanium concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 35% are as follows:

[0160] Yield =6.85% × 91.48% × (27.97% + 46.20% × 1.1429 + 12.14% × 1.6 + 7.55% × 2.667) = 7.54%;

[0161] TiO2 grade =51.82%×(27.97%+46.20%+12.14%+7.55%)÷(27.97%+46.20%×1.1429+12.14%×1.6+7.55%×2.667)=40.45%;

[0162] TiO2 recovery rate =6.85%×91.48%×51.82%×(27.97%+46.20%+12.14%+7.55%)÷8.26%=36.93%.

[0163] ⑤ Recover all ilmenite-containing particles; titanium concentrate specifications at -200 mesh (35% fineness):

[0164] Yield =6.85%×91.48%×(27.97%+46.20%×1.1429+12.14%×1.6+7.55%×2.667+6.14%×8)=10.62%;

[0165] TiO2 grade =51.82%×100%÷(27.97%+46.20%×1.1429+12.14%×1.6+7.55%×2.667+6.14%×8)=30.58%;

[0166] TiO2 recovery rate =6.85%×91.48%×51.82%×100%÷8.26%=39.31%.

[0167] Where C0 is the constant corresponding to the single organism, C0=1; C1 is the constant corresponding to 3 / 4≤interspersed organism<1, C1=1.1429; C2 is the constant corresponding to 1 / 2≤interspersed organism<3 / 4, C2=1.6; C3 is the constant corresponding to 1 / 4≤interspersed organism<1 / 2, C3=2.667; C4 is the constant corresponding to interspersed organism<1 / 4, C4=8.

[0168] The calculation method for titanium concentrate indicators under different grinding finenesses in a vanadium-titanium magnetite mine in Panzhihua is the same as above. Titanium concentrate indicators under different grinding finenesses are shown in Table 2.

[0169] Table 2: Titanium concentrate properties under different grinding fineness

[0170]

[0171] By comparing the ilmenite concentrate indicators at different finenesses in Table 2 with the industry standard "Ilmenite Concentrate," it was found that the titanium concentrate is grade IV when the TiO2 grade is ≥47%. The concentrate indicators at grinding finenesses of -200 mesh (35%, 45%, 75%, 85%, and 95%) show a TiO2 grade of 47%. However, the concentrate indicators at grinding finenesses of -200 mesh (55%, 65%, and 95%) do not show a TiO2 grade of 47%. For easier comparison, the TiO2 grade in the concentrate indicators at grinding finenesses of -200 mesh (55%, 65%, and 95%) needs to be adjusted to 47%.

[0172] Specific adjustment method: Adjust the distribution rate B value of the intergrowths corresponding to the data with TiO2 grade closest to 47% but less than 47% at grinding fineness of -200 mesh (55%, 65%, and 95%). Then, substitute the adjusted B value into the calculation method of TiO2 grade to make TiO2 grade reach 47%. Correspondingly, substitute the adjusted B value into the calculation method of concentrate yield and recovery rate of target element to obtain new concentrate yield and recovery rate of target element.

[0173] In the example, the TiO2 grades in the concentrates at -200 mesh (55%, 65%, and 95% fineness) closest to 47% but less than 47% correspond to intergrowths of 1 / 2≤intergrowth<3 / 4, 1 / 2≤intergrowth<3 / 4, and 1 / 4≤intergrowth<1 / 2, respectively. The original distribution rates (B values) of the intergrowths are 8.58%, 8.23%, and 2.61%, respectively, and the adjusted new distribution rates (B values) are 2.58%, 6.43%, and 1.11%, respectively. The corresponding yields are 5.59%, 5.89%, and 5.16%, and the corresponding TiO2 recoveries are 32.20%, 33.72%, and 29.69%, respectively.

[0174] When the TiO2 grade is above 47%, the corresponding concentrate yields at grinding finenesses of -200 mesh (35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95%) are 5.06%, 5.18%, 5.59%, 5.89%, 5.88%, 5.49%, and 5.16%, respectively, with corresponding TiO2 recoveries of 29.16%, 29.94%, 32.20%, 33.72%, 33.68%, 31.75%, and 29.69%.

[0175] When the TiO2 grade is above 47%, as the grinding fineness increases, the yield of titanium concentrate and its TiO2 recovery rate both show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The titanium concentrate yield is between 5.06% and 5.89%, and the TiO2 recovery rate is between 29.16% and 33.72%.

[0176] When the TiO2 grade reaches 47% or higher, the yield of titanium concentrate and the TiO2 recovery rate are the highest at a grinding fineness of -200 mesh and 65%, respectively, which are 5.89% and 33.72%.

[0177] The optimal grinding fineness for titanium is -200 mesh 65%. The finer the grinding fineness, the lower the index. Therefore, the optimal grinding fineness for the associated brittle and beneficial mineral ilmenite is -200 mesh 65%.

[0178] (III) Taking the quartering method as an example (n=4), the measured values ​​of the degree of liberation of titanomagnetite under different grinding fineness are shown in Table 3.

[0179] Table 3: Degree of liberation of titanomagnetite at different grinding fineness / %

[0180]

[0181] With increasing grinding fineness, the liberation degree of titanomagnetite increased from 41.41% to 95.35%. The total distribution rates of individual titanomagnetite particles plus intergrowths at grinding finenesses of -200 mesh (35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95%) were 80.91%, 81.29%, 87.36%, 91.30%, 94.32%, 96.31%, and 97.54%, respectively.

[0182] According to the method of the present invention, iron concentrate parameters are calculated at different grinding finenesses, specifically including concentrate yield. Grade of the target element in the concentrate and target element recovery rate The calculation method takes the index of iron concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 95% as an example of vanadium-titanium magnetite from a certain mining area in Panzhihua:

[0183] ① Only recovering monomers, the specifications of iron concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 95% are as follows:

[0184] Yield =26.81% × 94.03% × (95.35% × 1) = 24.04%;

[0185] Fe grade =58.94%;

[0186] Fe recovery rate =26.81%×94.03%×58.94%×95.35%÷22.60%=62.69%.

[0187] ② When recovering monomers and ≥3 / 4 of the intergrowth, the specifications for iron concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 95% are as follows:

[0188] Yield =26.81%×94.03%×(95.35%×1+2.19%×1.1429)=24.67%;

[0189] Fe grade =58.94% × (95.35% + 2.19%) ÷ (95.35% × 1 + 2.19% × 1.1429) = 58.75%;

[0190] Fe recovery rate =26.81%×94.03%×58.94%×(95.35%+2.19%)÷22.60%=64.13%.

[0191] ③ When recovering monomers and ≥1 / 2 intergrowths, the specifications for iron concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 95% are as follows:

[0192] Yield =26.81%×94.03%×(95.35%×1+2.19%×1.1429+1.29%×1.6)=25.19%;

[0193] Fe grade =58.94%×(95.35%+2.19%+1.29%)÷(95.35%×1+2.19%×1.1429+1.29%×1.6)=58.30%;

[0194] Fe recovery rate =26.81%×94.03%×58.94%×(95.35%+2.19%+1.29%)÷22.60%=64.98%.

[0195] ④ When recovering monomers and ≥1 / 4 of intergrowths, the specifications for iron concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 95% are as follows:

[0196] Yield =26.81%×94.03%×(95.35%×1+2.19%×1.1429+1.29%×1.6+0.43%×2.667)=25.48%;

[0197] Fe grade =58.94%×(95.35%+2.19%+1.29%+0.43%)÷(95.35%×1+2.19%×1.1429+1.29%×1.6+0.43%×2.667)=57.89%;

[0198] Fe recovery rate =26.81%×94.03%×58.94%×(95.35%+2.19%+1.29%+0.43%)÷22.60%=65.26%.

[0199] ⑤ Recover all titanium-containing magnetite particles; the specifications for iron concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh (95%) are as follows:

[0200] Yield =26.81%×94.03%×(95.35%×1+2.19%×1.1429+1.29%×1.6+0.43%×2.667+0.74%×8)=26.97%;

[0201] Fe grade =51.82%×100%÷(95.35%×1+2.19%×1.1429+1.29%×1.6+0.43%×2.667+0.74%×8)=55.09%;

[0202] Fe recovery rate =26.81%×94.03%×58.94%×100%÷22.60%=65.75%.

[0203] Where C0 is the constant corresponding to the single organism, C0=1; C1 is the constant corresponding to 3 / 4≤interspersed organism<1, C1=1.1429; C2 is the constant corresponding to 1 / 2≤interspersed organism<3 / 4, C2=1.6; C3 is the constant corresponding to 1 / 4≤interspersed organism<1 / 2, C3=2.667; C4 is the constant corresponding to interspersed organism<1 / 4, C4=8.

[0204] The calculation method for the iron concentrate indicators of vanadium-titanium magnetite from a certain mining area in Panzhihua is the same as above under different grinding fineness. The iron concentrate indicators under different grinding fineness are shown in Table 4.

[0205] Table 4: Iron concentrate properties under different grinding fineness

[0206]

[0207] According to the national standard "Classification of Iron Ore Products", when the iron ore product is a concentrate mainly composed of vanadium-titanium magnetite, the TFe grade in grade IV iron concentrate is between 52% and 57%. For ease of comparison, this patent uses an Fe grade of 57% as the standard.

[0208] In the concentrate indices in Table 4 above, the Fe grade of 57% was not found in the concentrate indices at grinding fineness of -200 mesh 35%, 45% and 75%. For ease of comparison, the Fe grade in the concentrate indices at these grinding finenesses needs to be adjusted to 57%.

[0209] Specific adjustment method: Adjust the distribution rate B value of the intergrowths corresponding to the data with Fe grade closest to 57% but less than 57% at grinding fineness of -200 mesh 35%, 45% and 75%, and then substitute the adjusted B value into the calculation method of Fe grade so that the Fe grade reaches 57%. Correspondingly, substitute the adjusted B value into the calculation method of the corresponding concentrate yield and target element recovery rate to obtain the new concentrate yield and target element recovery rate.

[0210] In the example, the Fe grade in the concentrate at a fineness of -200 mesh (35%, 45%, and 75%) is closest to 57% but less than 57%. The corresponding intergrowths are 3 / 4≤intergrowth<1, 3 / 4≤intergrowth<1, and 1 / 2≤intergrowth<3 / 4, respectively. The original distribution rate B values ​​of the intergrowths are 39.50%, 23.46%, and 3.18%, respectively. The adjusted new distribution rate B values ​​are 8.50%, 12.46%, and 2.18%, respectively. The corresponding yields are 13.64%, 19.19%, and 25.68%, respectively, and the corresponding Fe recovery rates are 34.72%, 48.82%, and 65.08%, respectively.

[0211] When the Fe grade is 57%, the yields of concentrate at grinding fineness of -200 mesh (35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95%) are 13.64%, 19.19%, 23.92%, 24.59%, 25.68%, 26.19%, and 25.48%, respectively, and the corresponding Fe recoveries are 34.72%, 48.82%, 60.34%, 62.52%, 65.08%, 66.62%, and 65.26%, respectively.

[0212] When the Fe grade is closest to 57%, as the grinding fineness increases, the yield of iron concentrate and its Fe recovery rate both show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The iron concentrate yield is between 13.64% and 26.19%, and the Fe recovery rate is between 34.72% and 66.62%.

[0213] When the Fe grade is 57%, the yield and Fe recovery of iron concentrate are the highest at a grinding fineness of -200 mesh 85%, which are 26.19% and 66.62%, respectively.

[0214] The optimal grinding fineness for iron ore beneficiation is -200 mesh 85%. The finer the grinding fineness, the lower the index. Therefore, the optimal grinding fineness for titanomagnetite is -200 mesh 85%.

[0215] (iv) Grind the raw ore to -200 mesh 65%, and use weak magnetic separation to recover the individual and rich intergrowths of titanomagnetite to obtain iron concentrate and iron tailings. The iron concentrate indicators are: yield 24.59%, iron grade 57.46%, and iron recovery rate 62.52%.

[0216] (v) The tailings from iron ore beneficiation are effectively recovered from ilmenite and iron concentrate using a combined weak magnetic flotation method. The flotation titanium concentrate parameters are: yield 5.89%, TiO2 grade 47.26%, and TiO2 recovery rate 33.72%.

[0217] (vi) Finally, the iron concentrate is ground to the optimal grinding fineness of titanomagnetite -200 mesh 85%. The remaining magnetite is recovered by adjusting the weak magnetic separation parameters to obtain an iron concentrate with an iron grade of 57%, with corresponding yield and iron recovery rate of 1.60% and 3.95%, respectively.

[0218] Example 2

[0219] To ensure the feasibility of the methods for determining the optimal grinding fineness and efficiently recovering associated brittle beneficial minerals and iron concentrate from primary iron ore in this application, the specific steps are as follows, taking a copper- and sulfur-containing primary iron ore from Peru as an example:

[0220] (I) Laboratory studies ultimately determined that the recoverable elements TFe, Cu, and S contents (α) in a copper- and sulfur-containing primary iron ore from Peru were 43.54%, 0.11%, and 2.15%, respectively; the weight contents (W) of magnetite and chalcopyrite were 55.61% and 0.13%, respectively; and the contents (D) of TFe and Cu in magnetite and chalcopyrite were 72.40% and 34.56%, respectively. The proportion (A) of magnetite at -200 mesh 60%, 70%, and 80% fineness and +800 mesh was 98.49%, 98.19%, and 97.93%, respectively; and the proportion (A) of chalcopyrite at -200 mesh 60%, 70%, and 80% fineness and +800 mesh was 88.98%, 82.13%, and 77.32%, respectively. Samples of the raw ore at -200 mesh 60%, 70%, and 80% fineness were provided by our mineral processing colleagues.

[0221] (ii) Taking the quartering method as an example (n=4), the degree of liberation of magnetite and chalcopyrite under different fineness is shown in Table 5.

[0222] Table 5: Degree of liberation of magnetite and chalcopyrite at different grinding fineness / %

[0223]

[0224] According to the method of the present invention, copper concentrate parameters are calculated under different grinding finenesses, specifically including concentrate yield. Grade of the target element in the concentrate and target element recovery rate The calculation method takes the index of copper concentrate with a fineness of 60% at 200 mesh from a primary copper-sulfur iron ore in Peru as an example:

[0225] ① Only recovering monomers, copper concentrate specifications at -200 mesh 60% fineness:

[0226] Yield =0.13% × 88.98% × (26.08% × 1) = 0.03%;

[0227] Cu grade =34.56%;

[0228] Cu recovery rate =0.13%×88.98%×34.56%×26.08%÷0.11%=9.48%.

[0229] ② When recovering monomers and ≥3 / 4 of the intergrowth, the specifications for copper concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 60% are as follows:

[0230] Yield =0.13% × 88.98% × (26.08% × 1 + 16.73% × 1.1429) = 0.05%;

[0231] Cu grade =34.56% × (26.08% + 16.73%) ÷ (26.08% × 1 + 16.73% × 1.1429) = 32.73%;

[0232] Cu recovery rate =0.13%×88.98%×34.56%×(26.08%+16.73%)÷0.11%=15.56%.

[0233] ③ When recovering monomers and ≥1 / 2 intergrowths, the specifications for copper concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 60% are as follows:

[0234] Yield =0.13%×88.98%×(26.08%×1+16.73%×1.1429+26.54%×1.6)=0.10%;

[0235] Cu grade =34.56%×(26.08%+16.73%+26.54%)÷(26.08%×1+16.73%×1.1429+26.54%×1.6)=27.34%;

[0236] Cu recovery rate =0.13%×88.98%×34.56%×(26.08%+16.73%+26.54%)÷0.11%=25.20%.

[0237] ④ When recovering monomers and ≥1 / 4 of intergrowths, the specifications for copper concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 60% are as follows:

[0238] Yield =0.13%×88.98%×(26.08%×1+16.73%×1.1429+26.54%×1.6+13.14%×2.667)=0.14%;

[0239] Cu grade =34.56%×(26.08%+16.73%+26.54%+13.14%)÷(26.08%×1+16.73%×1.1429+26.54%×1.6+13.14%×2.667)=23.23%;

[0240] Cu recovery rate =0.13%×88.98%×34.56%×(26.08%+16.73%+26.54%+13.14%)÷0.11%=29.98%.

[0241] ⑤ Recover all chalcopyrite-containing particles; copper concentrate specifications at -200 mesh (60% fineness):

[0242] Yield =0.13%×88.98%×(26.08%×1+16.73%×1.1429+26.54%×1.6+13.14%×2.667+17.51%×8)=0.30%;

[0243] Cu grade =34.56%×100%÷(26.08%×1+16.73%×1.1429+26.54%×1.6+13.14%×2.667+17.51%×8)=13.15%;

[0244] Cu recovery rate =0.13%×88.98%×34.56%×100%÷0.11%=36.54%.

[0245] Where C0 is the constant corresponding to the single organism, C0=1; C1 is the constant corresponding to 3 / 4≤interspersed organism<1, C1=1.1429; C2 is the constant corresponding to 1 / 2≤interspersed organism<3 / 4, C2=1.6; C3 is the constant corresponding to 1 / 4≤interspersed organism<1 / 2, C3=2.667; C4 is the constant corresponding to interspersed organism<1 / 4, C4=8.

[0246] The calculation method for copper concentrate indicators at different grinding finenesses from a copper- and sulfur-containing primary iron ore in Peru is the same as above. Copper concentrate indicators at different grinding finenesses are shown in Table 6.

[0247] Table 6: Copper concentrate properties under different grinding fineness

[0248]

[0249] By comparing the copper concentrate indicators at different fineness levels in Table 6 with industry standards for copper concentrate, a copper grade of 18% is considered Grade IV. However, no Cu grade of 18% was found in the concentrate indicators at grinding finenesses of -200 mesh (60%, 70%, and 80%). For easier comparison, the Cu grade in the concentrate indicators at grinding finenesses of -200 mesh (60%, 70%, and 80%) needs to be adjusted to 18%.

[0250] Specific adjustment method: Adjust the distribution rate B value of the intergrowths corresponding to the data with Cu grade closest to 18% but less than 18% at grinding fineness of -200 mesh (60%, 70%, and 80%). Then, substitute the adjusted B value into the calculation method of copper grade to make Cu grade reach 18%. Correspondingly, substitute the adjusted B value into the calculation method of concentrate yield and target element recovery rate to obtain new concentrate yield and target element recovery rate.

[0251] In the examples, the Cu grades in the concentrates at -200 mesh 60%, 70%, and 80% fineness that are closest to 18% but less than 18% correspond to intergrowths of <1 / 4 size. The original distribution rates (B) of intergrowths <1 / 4 size are 17.51%, 13.21%, and 12.16%, respectively. After adjustment, the new distribution rates (B) of intergrowths <1 / 4 size are 7.99%, 9.89%, and 10.16%, respectively, with corresponding yields of 0.22%, 0.20%, and 0.19%, and copper recoveries of 32.88%, 32.43%, and 30.95%. When the copper grade reaches 18%, the yield and copper recovery of the copper concentrate at -200 mesh 60% fineness are higher than at other finenesses. Therefore, the optimal grinding fineness for chalcopyrite is -200 mesh 60%.

[0252] (iii) Calculate the iron concentrate indicators under different grinding fineness according to the method of the present invention, specifically including concentrate yield. Grade of the target element in the concentrate and target element recovery rate The calculation method takes the index of a primary copper- and sulfur-containing iron ore concentrate from Peru with a fineness of 80% at 200 mesh as an example:

[0253] ① Only recovering monomers, the specifications of iron concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh (80%):

[0254] Yield =55.61%×97.93%×(69.17%×1)=37.67%;

[0255] Fe grade =72.40%;

[0256] Fe recovery rate =55.61%×97.93%×72.40%×69.17%÷43.54%=62.64%.

[0257] ② When recovering monomers and ≥3 / 4 of the intergrowth, the specifications for iron concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 80% are as follows:

[0258] Yield =55.61%×97.93%×(69.17%×1+23.86%×1.1429)=52.52%;

[0259] Fe grade =72.40%×(69.17%+23.86%)÷(69.17%×1+23.86%×1.1429)=69.84%;

[0260] Fe recovery rate =55.61%×97.93%×72.40%×(69.17%+23.86%)÷43.54%=84.24%.

[0261] ③ When recovering monomers and ≥1 / 2 intergrowths, the specifications for iron concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 80% are as follows:

[0262] Yield =55.61%×97.93%×(69.17%×1+23.86%×1.1429+5.11%×1.6)=56.97%;

[0263] Fe grade =72.40%×(69.17%×1+23.86%+5.11%)÷(69.17%×1+23.86%×1.1429+5.11%×1.6)=67.92%;

[0264] Fe recovery rate =55.61%×97.93%×72.40%×(69.17%+23.86%+5.11%)÷43.54%=88.87%.

[0265] ④ When recovering monomers and ≥1 / 4 of intergrowths, the specifications for iron concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh and 80% are as follows:

[0266] Yield =55.61%×97.93%×(69.17%×1+23.86%×1.1429+5.11%×1.6+1.35%×2.667)=58.93%;

[0267] Fe grade =72.40%×(69.17%+23.86%+5.11%+1.35%)÷(69.17%×1+23.86%×1.1429+5.11%×1.6+1.35%×2.667)=66.56%;

[0268] Fe recovery rate =55.61%×97.93%×72.40%×(69.17%+23.86%+5.11%+1.35%)÷43.53%=90.09%.

[0269] ⑤ Recover all magnetite-containing particles; the specifications for iron concentrate with a fineness of -200 mesh (80%) are as follows:

[0270] Yield =55.61%×97.93%×(69.17%×1+23.86%×1.1429+5.11%×1.6+1.35%×2.667+0.51%×8)=61.16%;

[0271] Fe grade =72.40%×100%÷(69.17%×1+23.86%×1.1429+5.11%×1.6+1.35%×2.667+0.51%×8)=64.47%;

[0272] Fe recovery rate =55.61%×97.93%×72.40%×100%÷43.53%=90.56%.

[0273] Where C0 is the constant corresponding to the single organism, C0=1; C1 is the constant corresponding to 3 / 4≤interspersed organism<1, C1=1.1429; C2 is the constant corresponding to 1 / 2≤interspersed organism<3 / 4, C2=1.6; C3 is the constant corresponding to 1 / 4≤interspersed organism<1 / 2, C3=2.667; C4 is the constant corresponding to interspersed organism<1 / 4, C4=8.

[0274] The calculation method for the iron concentrate indicators of a copper- and sulfur-containing primary iron ore in Peru under different grinding finenesses is the same as above. The iron concentrate indicators under different grinding finenesses are shown in Table 7.

[0275] Table 7: Iron concentrate properties under different grinding fineness

[0276]

[0277] By comparing the iron concentrate indicators at different fineness levels in Table 7 with the industry standard for iron concentrate, "Classification of Iron Ore Product Grades" (GB / T32545-2016), an iron grade of 67% is considered Grade 1. However, no 67% iron grade is found in the concentrate indicators for a -200 mesh 60% grinding fineness. For easier comparison, the iron grade in the concentrate indicators for a -200 mesh 60% grinding fineness needs to be adjusted to 67%.

[0278] Specific adjustment method: Adjust the distribution rate B value of the intergrowth corresponding to the data with an iron grade of -200 mesh and 60% grinding fineness that is closest to 67% but less than 67%. Then, substitute the adjusted B value into the calculation method of iron grade so that the iron grade reaches 67%. Correspondingly, substitute the adjusted B value into the calculation method of the corresponding concentrate yield and target element recovery rate to obtain the new concentrate yield and target element recovery rate.

[0279] In the example, the iron grade in the concentrate at a fineness of -200 mesh (60%) is closest to 67% but less than 67%, corresponding to 1 / 2 ≤ intergrowth < 3 / 4. The original distribution rate B for this distribution is 8.81%, and the adjusted new distribution rate B is 2.11%, corresponding to a yield of 52.87% and an iron recovery rate of 82.01%. When the iron grade reaches 67%, the yield and iron recovery rate of the iron concentrate at a fineness of -200 mesh (80%) are higher than other finenesses. Therefore, -200 mesh (80%) is selected as the optimal grinding fineness for magnetite.

[0280] (iv) Grind the raw ore to -200 mesh 60%, and use weak magnetic separation to recover the individual magnetite and 42.39% of the rich intergrowths to obtain ultrapure iron concentrate and iron tailings. The ultrapure iron concentrate has the following indicators: yield 37.87%, iron grade 70.09%, and iron recovery rate 60.97%. Since the magnetite rich intergrowths formed by magnetite and metal sulfides are relatively rare, the sulfur content in the ultrapure iron concentrate does not exceed the standard.

[0281] The principle for determining the recovery of 42.39% of the rich intergrowth is as follows: by adjusting the data with the iron grade closest to 70% but less than 70% at a fineness of -200 mesh 60%, the corresponding data corresponds to 3 / 4≤intergrowth<1. The original distribution rate B of 3 / 4≤intergrowth<1 is 36.45%, and the new distribution rate B of 3 / 4≤intergrowth<1 after adjustment is 15.45%. Therefore, the new distribution rate B divided by the original distribution rate B is the proportion of rich intergrowth that needs to be recovered.

[0282] (v) The iron tailings are effectively recovered from chalcopyrite and iron concentrate using a combined weak magnetic flotation method, while removing metallic sulfides, primarily pyrite. The copper concentrate flotation parameters are: yield 0.22%, copper grade 18.52%, and copper recovery rate 32.88%. Due to the introduction of a certain amount of chalcopyrite in the form of intergrowths, the final copper recovery rate in the copper concentrate will be slightly higher than the calculated parameters.

[0283] (vi) Finally, the iron concentrate is ground to the optimal grinding fineness of magnetite -200 mesh 80%, and the remaining magnetite is recovered by adjusting the weak magnetic separation parameters to obtain a first-grade iron concentrate with an iron grade of more than 67%, with corresponding yield and iron recovery rate of 19.84% and 28.36%, respectively.

[0284] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. However, it should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the optimal grinding fineness in mineral processing, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After grinding the raw ore into a powder sample without any sandy texture, representative samples are selected by fraction reduction and chemical multi-element analysis is performed to determine the grade α of the target element in the raw ore. S2. Grind the raw ore to different finenesses, and after preparing the samples of different finenesses into optical discs, determine the weight content W of the target mineral to be beneficiated, the content D of the target element in the target mineral, the particle size and degree of liberation of the target mineral in the different samples. S3. Calculate the technical indicators of the concentrate at the corresponding fineness based on the data obtained in steps S1 and S2. The technical indicators include concentrate yield. Grade of the target element in the concentrate Recovery rate of target element ; S4. Align the concentrate parameters with industry standards. When the concentrate grade at different finenesses all reach the industry standard values, the fineness corresponding to the highest concentrate yield and target element recovery rate under each fineness condition is the optimal grinding fineness. When the concentrate grade at individual finenesses does not reach the industry standard values, gradually adjust the concentrate grade values ​​to the industry standard values, and then adjust the concentrate yield and target element recovery rate accordingly. The fineness corresponding to the highest concentrate yield and target element recovery rate under each fineness condition after adjustment is the optimal grinding fineness. The method for adjusting concentrate yield and target element recovery rate includes the following steps: By adjusting the intergrowth distribution rate value corresponding to the data closest to but less than the industry standard at this fineness, the adjusted intergrowth distribution rate value is substituted into the calculation method of target element grade, so that the target element grade reaches the industry standard. Correspondingly, the adjusted intergrowth distribution rate value is substituted into the corresponding calculation method of concentrate yield and target element recovery rate in concentrate, thereby obtaining a new concentrate yield and target element recovery rate in concentrate.

2. The method for determining the optimal grinding fineness for beneficiation and metallurgy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation method for the concentrate index includes the following steps: (1) After preparing the selected representative sample into a light section, the particle size of the target mineral is determined, and the proportion of the target mineral with a mesh size of 800 or larger in the sample is recorded as A. (2) The fineness of the concentrate is determined by the n-part method for intergrowths, and the calculation method is as follows: Yield ; The quality of the target element ; Recovery rate of target element ; Where, when n=0, B0 is the distribution rate of the monomer, and C0 is the constant of the monomer corresponding to B0; when n>0, B n C represents the distribution rate of interspersed organisms. n To be with B n The constant corresponding to the intercalation.

3. The method for determining the optimal grinding fineness for beneficiation and smelting according to claim 2, characterized in that, With n=4, the distribution rate of single organisms is denoted as B0, the distribution rate of 3 / 4≤interspersed organisms<1 is denoted as B1, the distribution rate of 2 / 4≤interspersed organisms<3 / 4 is denoted as B2, the distribution rate of 1 / 4≤interspersed organisms<2 / 4 is denoted as B3, and the distribution rate of <1 / 4 is denoted as B4.

4. The method for determining the optimal grinding fineness for beneficiation and metallurgy according to claim 2, characterized in that, n=4, constant C0=1 for a single organism, constant C0=1 for 3 / 4≤intersperse<1 The constant corresponding to 2 / 4 ≤ conjoined twins < 3 / 4 The constant corresponding to 1 / 4 ≤ conjoined twins < 2 / 4 The constant corresponding to interspersed organisms <1 / 4 .

5. The method for determining the optimal grinding fineness for beneficiation according to claim 2, characterized in that, n=4， When only monomers are recovered, the concentrate index at this fineness is calculated as follows: Yield ; The quality of the target element ; Recovery rate of target element ; When recovering monomers and ≥3 / 4 of the intergrowths, the concentrate index at this fineness is calculated as follows: Yield ; The quality of the target element ; Recovery rate of target element ; When recovering monomers and ≥2 / 4 of intergrowths, the concentrate index at this fineness is calculated as follows: Yield ; The quality of the target element ; Recovery rate of target element ; When recovering monomers and ≥1 / 4 of intergrowths, the concentrate index at this fineness is calculated as follows: Yield ; The quality of the target element ; Recovery rate of target element ; All particles containing the target mineral are recovered. The calculation method for the concentrate index at this fineness is as follows: Yield ; The quality of the target element ; Recovery rate of target element .

6. The application of the method for determining the optimal grinding fineness as described in any one of claims 1-5 in the recovery of minerals and beneficiation products.

7. A method for efficiently recovering associated brittle beneficial minerals and iron concentrate from primary iron ore, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) After grinding the raw ore into a powder sample without sandy texture, representative samples were selected by fraction reduction and chemical multi-element analysis was performed to determine the grade α of the target element in the raw ore; (2) Grind the raw ore to different finenesses, and after making the samples of different finenesses into optical discs, determine the weight content W of the target mineral to be beneficiated, the content D of the target element in the target mineral, the particle size and degree of liberation of the target mineral in the different samples. (3) Calculate the technical indicators of the concentrate at the corresponding fineness based on the data obtained in steps S1 and S2. The technical indicators include concentrate yield. Grade of the target element in the concentrate Recovery rate of target element ; (4) The concentrate index is benchmarked against the industry standard. When the concentrate grade under different fineness conditions all reach the value of the industry standard, the fineness corresponding to the highest yield of concentrate and the highest recovery rate of target element under each fineness condition is the optimal grinding fineness. When the concentrate grade under individual fineness conditions does not reach the value of the industry standard, the concentrate grade value is gradually adjusted to the value of the industry standard, and the concentrate yield and the recovery rate of target element are adjusted accordingly. The fineness corresponding to the highest yield of concentrate and the highest recovery rate of target element under each fineness condition after adjustment is the optimal grinding fineness. The method for adjusting concentrate yield and target element recovery rate includes the following steps: by adjusting the intergrowth distribution rate value corresponding to the data closest to but less than the industry standard at this fineness, the adjusted intergrowth distribution rate value is substituted into the calculation method of target element grade so that the target element grade reaches the industry standard. Accordingly, the adjusted intergrowth distribution rate value is substituted into the corresponding calculation method of concentrate yield and target element recovery rate in concentrate, thereby obtaining a new concentrate yield and target element recovery rate in concentrate. (5) The optimal grinding fineness of associated brittle and beneficial minerals in primary iron ore and the optimal grinding fineness of magnetite / titanium magnetite in primary iron ore were obtained respectively; (6) Grind the primary iron ore to the optimal grinding fineness for the selection of associated brittle and beneficial minerals, and use weak magnetic separation to recover magnetite / titanium magnetite monomers and some rich intergrowths to obtain ultrapure iron concentrate / iron concentrate and iron tailings; (7) The iron tailings obtained in step (6) are directly recycled to recover the associated fragile and beneficial minerals to obtain associated mineral concentrate and iron crude concentrate; (8) Grind the iron concentrate obtained in step (7) to the optimal grinding fineness for magnetite / titanium magnetite, and recover the remaining qualified iron concentrate by weak magnetic separation.

8. The method for efficiently recovering associated brittle beneficial minerals and iron concentrate from primary iron ore according to claim 7, characterized in that, The iron minerals in the primary iron ore are selected from one or two of magnetite and titanomagnetite; the associated brittle and beneficial minerals in the primary iron ore are selected from one or more of ilmenite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, galena, molybdenite, wolframite, scheelite, bastnaesite, or fluorite.

9. The method for efficiently recovering associated brittle beneficial minerals and iron concentrate from primary iron ore according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step (7), the recovery method is a combination of magnetic separation and flotation.

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