Method for manufacturing a multilayer dielectric lens and multilayer dielectric lens
By using 3D printing technology and the method of equivalent dielectric constant of lattice structure, multilayer dielectric lenses are fabricated layer by layer, which solves the problems of high production difficulty and high-frequency precision requirements in the existing technology, and realizes simplified fabrication and equivalent dielectric constant of high-frequency Luneburg lenses.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411807066.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-12-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for manufacturing Luneburg lenses present challenges such as high production difficulty, complex processes, and difficulty in meeting high-frequency precision requirements.
Using 3D printing technology, the equivalent dielectric constant of the crystal structure changes from the inside to the outside. By calculating the fill rate and lattice parameters of the dielectric layer, multiple dielectric layers and reflective layers are printed layer by layer to prepare a multilayer dielectric lens.
The fabrication process is simplified, the equivalent dielectric constant of the high-frequency Luneburg lens is improved, the high-frequency accuracy requirements are met, and the fabrication method is simpler.
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Figure CN119871891B_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lens, in particular to a preparation method of a multilayer dielectric lens and the multilayer dielectric lens. BACKGROUND
[0002] A Luneberg lens is a sphere with a gradient change in dielectric constant from inside to outside, which has a dielectric constant radial distribution characteristic that does not exist in nature. In order to simulate this continuously changing dielectric constant material, an onion-like layered concentric discrete spherical shell structure is usually used.
[0003] In the related art, the structure of the Luneberg lens includes an inner core, a conductive layer and a foamed material layer. Different sizes of spherical dielectric materials can be produced by controlling the thickness of the foamed material layer. However, this method involves making a mold, multiple processes and complex process control, which is difficult to produce, and it is difficult to meet the precision requirements of high-frequency Luneberg lenses. SUMMARY
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a preparation method of a multilayer dielectric lens and the multilayer dielectric lens.
[0005] According to a first aspect of the present application, a preparation method of a multilayer dielectric lens is provided, the method comprising:
[0006] obtaining design parameters of the multilayer dielectric lens, the design parameters including: the number of layers of the multilayer dielectric layer, the radius of each layer of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of each layer of the dielectric layer, the radius of the reflection layer and the central angle of the reflection layer, and the dielectric constant of the multilayer dielectric layer gradually decreases from the inner layer to the outer layer;
[0007] According to the dielectric constant of the dielectric lens material and the dielectric constant of each layer of the dielectric layer, the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer is calculated; the side length of the lattice is positively correlated with the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the multilayer dielectric lens;
[0008] According to the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer, the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer is calculated, wherein the hollow cuboid is through the entire cubic lattice from left to right;
[0009] Based on the number of layers of the multilayer dielectric layer, the radius of each layer of the dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice and the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer, the dielectric lens material is used to print layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer, to obtain the multilayer dielectric layer;
[0010] based on the radius of the reflecting layer and the central angle of the reflecting layer, the reflecting layer is 3D printed using a pre-selected metal material, and the multi-layer dielectric layer and the reflecting layer are assembled to obtain the multi-layer dielectric lens.
[0011] Optionally, the multi-layer dielectric lens is a cylindrical multi-layer dielectric lens, the radius of each dielectric layer is the radius of the circle of each dielectric layer, and the design parameters further include: the height of the cylindrical multi-layer dielectric lens.
[0012] based on the number of layers of the multi-layer dielectric layer, the radius of each dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, and the side length of the square base of the hollow rectangular prism in the cubic lattice contained by each dielectric layer, the multi-layer dielectric layer is 3D printed layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer using the dielectric lens material, and specifically includes:
[0013] based on the number of layers of the multi-layer dielectric layer, the radius of each dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, the side length of the square base of the hollow rectangular prism in the cubic lattice contained by each dielectric layer, and the height of the cylindrical multi-layer dielectric lens, the cylindrical multi-layer dielectric layer is 3D printed layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer using the dielectric lens material.
[0014] based on the radius of the reflecting layer and the central angle of the reflecting layer, the reflecting layer is 3D printed using a pre-selected metal material, and the multi-layer dielectric layer and the reflecting layer are assembled to obtain the multi-layer dielectric lens, and specifically includes:
[0015] based on the radius of the reflecting layer, the central angle of the reflecting layer, and the height of the cylindrical multi-layer dielectric lens, the reflecting layer is 3D printed using a pre-selected metal material, and the cylindrical multi-layer dielectric layer and the reflecting layer are assembled to obtain the cylindrical multi-layer dielectric lens.
[0016] Optionally, the multi-layer dielectric lens is a Luneberg lens, and the radius of each dielectric layer is a spherical radius.
[0017] based on the number of layers of the multi-layer dielectric layer, the radius of each dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, and the side length of the square base of the hollow rectangular prism in the cubic lattice contained by each dielectric layer, the multi-layer dielectric layer is 3D printed layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer using the dielectric lens material, and specifically includes:
[0018] based on the number of layers of the multi-layer dielectric layer, the spherical radius of each dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, and the side length of the square base of the hollow rectangular prism in the cubic lattice contained by each dielectric layer, the two semi-spherical multi-layer dielectric layers are 3D printed layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer, and the two semi-spherical multi-layer dielectric layers are pasted to obtain a spherical multi-layer dielectric layer.
[0019] The multi-layer dielectric layer and the reflecting layer are assembled to obtain the multi-layer dielectric lens, and specifically includes:
[0020] Assembling the spherical multilayer dielectric layer and the reflecting layer to obtain a Luneberg lens.
[0021] Optionally, the multilayer dielectric lens comprises three dielectric layers, the radius of the first dielectric layer is 2.268 mm, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer is 1.96; the radius of the second dielectric layer is 3.706 mm, the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer is 1.7956; the radius of the third dielectric layer is 5.292 mm, and the dielectric constant of the third dielectric layer is 1.4884.
[0022] Optionally, the dielectric constant of the dielectric lens material is 2.45, the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in the first dielectric layer is 74.4%, and the length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in the first dielectric layer is 0.506 mm; the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in the second dielectric layer is 64.3%, and the length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in the second dielectric layer is 0.597 mm; the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in the third dielectric layer is 43%, and the length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in the third dielectric layer is 0.755 mm.
[0023] Optionally, the radius of the reflecting layer of the cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens is 12.184 mm, and the central angle of the reflecting layer is 180°.
[0024] Optionally, the height of the cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens is 39 mm.
[0025] Optionally, the radius of the reflecting layer of the Luneberg lens is 6.092 mm, and the central angle of the reflecting layer is 120°.
[0026] Optionally, the working frequency of the multilayer dielectric lens is 77 GHz, and the length of the lattice is 1 mm.
[0027] According to a second aspect of the present application, a multilayer dielectric lens is provided, which is prepared based on the method of the first aspect.
[0028] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiments of the present application has the following advantages:
[0029] The dielectric constant of the lattice is used to equivalent the dielectric constant of the multilayer medium which changes from inside to outside. According to the dielectric constant of the medium lens material and the dielectric constant of each medium layer in the multilayer medium lens, the filling rate of the medium lens material in the cubic lattice of each medium layer is calculated. Then the parameters of the lattice (i.e. the length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice of each medium layer) are calculated. Based on the parameters of the lattice, 3D printing is carried out to obtain the medium layer with equivalent dielectric constant, and the preparation of the multilayer medium lens (such as a Luneberg lens) is realized. The length of the cubic lattice is positively correlated with the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the multilayer medium lens. If the working frequency is in the high frequency band, the corresponding wavelength is shorter, and the lattice structure is smaller. Therefore, the dielectric constant equivalent method of the special lattice can solve the problem of dielectric constant equivalent of the high frequency Luneberg lens. At the same time, the preparation of the Luneberg lens can be realized by 3D printing, and the preparation method is simpler. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0030] The drawings incorporated in the specification and constituting a part thereof illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the application.
[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to these drawings without any creative effort.
[0032] Figure 1 The flow chart of the preparation method of the multilayer medium lens in the embodiments of the present application;
[0033] Figure 2 The structure diagram of the cubic lattice in the embodiments of the present application;
[0034] Figure 3 The flow chart of the preparation method of the cylindrical multilayer medium lens in the embodiments of the present application;
[0035] Figure 4 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the local section of the cylindrical multilayer medium lens in the embodiments of the present application;
[0036] Figure 5 The flow chart of the preparation method of the Luneberg lens in the embodiments of the present application;
[0037] Figure 6A The structure diagram of the first medium layer in the Luneberg lens in the embodiments of the present application;
[0038] Figure 6B The structure diagram of the second medium layer in the Luneberg lens in the embodiments of the present application;
[0039] Figure 6C Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a third layer of a medium layer in a Luneburg lens in an embodiment of the present application;
[0040] Figure 7 Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a partial cross-section of a Luneburg lens in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application, the solutions of the present application will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
[0042] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the description are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments.
[0043] The multilayer medium lens in the embodiments of the present application includes a cylindrical multilayer medium lens and a Luneburg lens. The multilayer medium lens includes a multilayer medium layer and a reflection layer, and the dielectric constant of the multilayer medium layer gradually decreases from the inner layer to the outer layer. The reflection layer of the cylindrical multilayer medium lens is a metal cylindrical surface structure, and the reflection layer of the Luneburg lens is a metal spherical surface structure.
[0044] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a preparation method of a multilayer medium lens in an embodiment of the present application, which can include the following steps:
[0045] In step S102, the design parameters of the multilayer medium lens are obtained.
[0046] Before preparing the multilayer medium lens, the designer can determine the design parameters of the multilayer medium lens according to the requirements. The design parameters include the number of layers of the multilayer medium layer, the radius of each layer of the medium layer, the dielectric constant of each layer of the medium layer, the radius of the reflection layer, and the central angle of the reflection layer, etc. Optionally, the multilayer medium lens can contain three layers of medium layers, the radius of the first medium layer is 2.268 mm, the dielectric constant of the first medium layer is 1.96; the radius of the second medium layer is 3.706 mm, the dielectric constant of the second medium layer is 1.7956; the radius of the third medium layer is 5.292 mm, and the dielectric constant of the third medium layer is 1.4884.
[0047] In step S104, the filling rate of the medium lens material in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the medium layer is calculated according to the dielectric constant of the medium lens material and the dielectric constant of each layer of the medium layer.
[0048] The pre-selected medium lens material is a 3D printable material, and the medium lens material is used for 3D printing to finally obtain a multi-layer medium lens. The dielectric constant of the medium lens material is usually different from the dielectric constant of each medium layer, and therefore, the filling rate of the medium lens material in the cubic lattice contained in each medium layer can be calculated by the equivalent medium theory. The lattice of the medium lens material with the filling rate has a dielectric constant equal to the dielectric constant of the medium layer.
[0049] The equivalent medium theory can be expressed as the following formula:
[0050]
[0051] wherein, ε eff represents the dielectric constant to be equivalent, ε i represents the dielectric constant of the medium lens material, ε m represents the dielectric constant of the filler, the filler is air, i.e. ε m represents the dielectric constant of the air, δ i represents the filling rate of the medium lens material.
[0052] The dielectric constant to be equivalent of each medium layer is different, and therefore, the filling rate of the medium lens material in the cubic lattice calculated for each layer is also different.
[0053] In the embodiments of the present application, the side length of the lattice is positively related to the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the multi-layer medium lens. The higher the working frequency, the shorter the corresponding wavelength, and the smaller the side length of the lattice. Through theoretical analysis, it is found that the radar reflection cross section of the prepared multi-layer medium lens is the largest when the side length of the lattice is less than 1 / 10 of the wavelength. Through experiments, it is found that good results can also be achieved when the side length of the lattice is 1 / 4 of the wavelength. Moreover, when the side length of the lattice is 1 / 4 of the wavelength, the side length is longer, and it is easier to meet the 3D printing precision range. For example, when the working frequency of the multi-layer medium lens is 77GHz, the wavelength is 3.9mm, and the side length of the lattice can be 1mm.
[0054] In step S106, the side length of the square bottom surface of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in each medium layer is calculated according to the filling rate of the medium lens material in the cubic lattice contained in each medium layer.
[0055] Referring to Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the cubic lattice in the embodiments of the present application. The lattice is obtained by subtracting a cuboid from a large cube, and the hollow cuboid penetrates through the entire cubic lattice. The bottom surface of the hollow cuboid is a square, and the height of the hollow cuboid is equal to the height of the cube. Based on the structure of the special lattice and the filling rate of the medium lens material in the lattice, the side length of the square bottom surface of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice can be calculated.
[0056] Suppose the multi-layer dielectric lens comprises three dielectric layers, the radius of the first dielectric layer is 2.268 mm, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer is 1.96; the radius of the second dielectric layer is 3.706 mm, the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer is 1.7956; the radius of the third dielectric layer is 5.292 mm, and the dielectric constant of the third dielectric layer is 1.4884. The dielectric constant of the dielectric lens material is 2.45, the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in the first dielectric layer is 74.4%, the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in the first dielectric layer is 0.506 mm; the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in the second dielectric layer is 64.3%, the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in the second dielectric layer is 0.597 mm; the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in the third dielectric layer is 43%, and the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in the third dielectric layer is 0.755 mm.
[0057] Step S108, based on the number of layers of the multi-layer dielectric layer, the radius of each dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, and the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in each dielectric layer, using the dielectric lens material, 3D printing layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer to obtain the multi-layer dielectric layer.
[0058] After obtaining all the 3D printing parameters, the multi-layer dielectric layer can be obtained by using 3D printing technology to 3D print layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer.
[0059] Step S110, based on the radius of the reflective layer and the central angle of the reflective layer, using the pre-selected metal material to 3D print the reflective layer, and assembling the multi-layer dielectric layer and the reflective layer to obtain the multi-layer dielectric lens.
[0060] The preparation method of the multilayer dielectric lens in the embodiment of the present application adopts a lattice to equivalently change the dielectric constant of the multilayer dielectric from inside to outside. According to the dielectric constant of the dielectric lens material selected in advance and the dielectric constant of each dielectric layer in the multilayer dielectric lens designed in advance, the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained by each dielectric layer is calculated. Then, the parameter of the lattice (i.e. the length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained by each dielectric layer) is calculated. Based on the parameter of the lattice, 3D printing is performed to obtain the dielectric layer with equivalent dielectric constant, thereby realizing the preparation of the multilayer dielectric lens (e.g. a Luneburg lens). The length of the cubic lattice is positively correlated with the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the multilayer dielectric lens. If the working frequency is in a high frequency band, the corresponding wavelength is short, and the lattice structure is small. Therefore, the dielectric constant equivalent method of the special lattice can solve the problem of dielectric constant equivalence of the high-frequency Luneburg lens. At the same time, the preparation of the Luneburg lens can be realized through 3D printing, and the preparation method is simpler.
[0061] In some embodiments, the multilayer dielectric lens is a cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens. Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The flowchart of the preparation method of the cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens in the embodiment of the present application can include the following steps:
[0062] In step S302, the design parameters of the multilayer dielectric lens are obtained.
[0063] In the case of the multilayer dielectric lens being a cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens, the radius of each dielectric layer is the circular radius of each dielectric layer. In addition to the parameters described in the embodiment of the present application, the height of the cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens is also included. Optionally, the height of the cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens is 39 mm. Figure 1
[0064] In step S304, according to the dielectric constant of the dielectric lens material selected in advance and the dielectric constant of each dielectric layer, the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained by each dielectric layer is calculated.
[0065] In step S306, according to the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained by each dielectric layer, the length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained by each dielectric layer is calculated.
[0066] The processing procedures of steps S304 to S306 are the same as those of steps S104 to S106 in the embodiment of the present application, and details are described in the embodiment of the present application and will not be repeated here. Figure 1 Figure 1 The processing procedures of steps S304 to S306 are the same as those of steps S104 to S106 in the embodiment of the present application, and details are described in the embodiment of the present application and will not be repeated here.
[0067] Step S308, based on the number of layers of the multi-layer medium layer, the radius of each layer of the medium layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained by each layer of the medium layer, and the height of the cylindrical multi-layer medium lens, using the medium lens material, 3D printing layer by layer from the innermost medium layer to the outermost medium layer to obtain the cylindrical multi-layer medium layer.
[0068] In one direction of the cylindrical multi-layer medium layer, the lattice size is completely the same, and no support is needed during the 3D printing process, so the complete cylindrical multi-layer medium layer can be directly printed.
[0069] Step S310, based on the radius of the reflecting layer, the central angle of the reflecting layer, and the height of the cylindrical multi-layer medium lens, using the pre-selected metal material to 3D print the reflecting layer, and assembling the cylindrical multi-layer medium layer and the reflecting layer to obtain the cylindrical multi-layer medium lens.
[0070] Optionally, the radius of the reflecting layer of the cylindrical multi-layer medium lens is 12.184 mm, and the central angle of the reflecting layer is 180°. The partial cross-sectional perspective structure of the prepared cylindrical multi-layer medium lens is shown in Figure 4 .
[0071] In some embodiments, the multi-layer medium lens is a Luneberg lens. Referring to Figure 5 , Figure 5 The flowchart of the preparation method of the Luneberg lens in the embodiments of the present application can include the following steps:
[0072] Step S502, obtaining the design parameters of the multi-layer medium lens.
[0073] In the case of the multi-layer medium lens being a Luneberg lens, the radius of each layer of the medium layer in the design parameters is a spherical radius.
[0074] Step S504, calculating the filling rate of the medium lens material in the cubic lattice contained by each layer of the medium layer according to the dielectric constant of the pre-selected medium lens material and the dielectric constant of each layer of the medium layer.
[0075] Step S506, calculating the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained by each layer of the medium layer according to the filling rate of the medium lens material in the cubic lattice contained by each layer of the medium layer.
[0076] The processing procedures of steps S504-S506 are the same as those of steps S104-S106 in the embodiments, and details are described in the embodiments, which will not be repeated here. Figure 1 Figure 1 The processing procedures of steps S504-S506 are the same as those of steps S104-S106 in the embodiments, and details are described in the embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
[0077] Step S508, based on the number of layers of the multi-layer dielectric layer, the ball radius of each layer of the dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, and the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer, 3D printing layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer to obtain two hemispherical multi-layer dielectric layers, and pasting the two hemispherical multi-layer dielectric layers to obtain a spherical multi-layer dielectric layer.
[0078] The dielectric constant inside the dragonbreath lens is large, and the filling rate of the dielectric lens material is high. During the printing process, the internal dielectric lens material can play a supporting role, and no additional support needs to be printed. Half of the dragonbreath lens dielectric layer is printed each time, that is, a hemispherical multi-layer dielectric layer is printed each time. After printing two hemispherical multi-layer dielectric layers, the two hemispherical multi-layer dielectric layers are pasted to obtain a spherical multi-layer dielectric layer.
[0079] Step S510, based on the radius of the reflecting layer and the central angle of the reflecting layer, using a pre-selected metal material to 3D print the reflecting layer, and assembling the spherical multi-layer dielectric layer and the reflecting layer to obtain a dragonbreath lens.
[0080] Optionally, the radius of the reflecting layer of the dragonbreath lens is 6.092mm, and the central angle of the reflecting layer is 120°. In the case that the dragonbreath lens contains three layers of dielectric layers, the structures of the first layer to the third layer of dielectric layers can be referred to Figures 6A-6C It can be seen that, due to the large dielectric constant inside the dragonbreath lens, the filling rate of the dielectric lens material is high. The partial cross section of the complete dragonbreath lens can be referred to Figure 7 .
[0081] Compared with the dragonbreath lens, the cylindrical multi-layer dielectric lens has a larger RCS (radar cross section) in a certain angular domain, and can be directly printed, that is, the printing process is simpler. However, the working angular domain of the cylindrical multi-layer dielectric lens is smaller.
[0082] The embodiment of the present application also provides a multi-layer dielectric lens, which is prepared based on the above-mentioned method embodiment. The specific structure of the multi-layer dielectric lens can be referred to the description in the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
[0083] It has to be noted that, in the present document, relational terms are intended only to convey a possible relationship between elements or
[0084] The above description is merely that of the specific embodiments of the application and as such is not to be taken in a limiting sense. Various modifications and co nti n uations will be evident to those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims. The specific embodiments presented, therefore, are not to be considered in a limiting sense, but are presented for purposes of illustration only, and numerous other embodiments are contemplated.
Claims
1. A method for producing a multilayer dielectric lens, characterized by, The method comprises: obtaining design parameters of the multilayer dielectric lens, the design parameters comprising: the number of layers of the multilayer dielectric layer, the radius of each layer of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of each layer of the dielectric layer, the radius of the reflecting layer, and the central angle of the reflecting layer, and the dielectric constant of the multilayer dielectric layer gradually decreases from the inner layer to the outer layer; calculating the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer according to the dielectric constant of the dielectric lens material selected in advance and the dielectric constant of each layer of the dielectric layer, and the side length of the cubic lattice is positively correlated with the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the multilayer dielectric lens; calculating the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer according to the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer, wherein the hollow cuboid is through the whole cubic lattice from left to right; based on the number of layers of the multilayer dielectric layer, the radius of each layer of the dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, and the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer, using the dielectric lens material, 3D printing layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer to obtain the multilayer dielectric layer; based on the radius of the reflecting layer and the central angle of the reflecting layer, using the pre-selected metal material to 3D print the reflecting layer, and assembling the multilayer dielectric layer and the reflecting layer to obtain the multilayer dielectric lens.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The multilayer dielectric lens is a cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens, the radius of each layer of the dielectric layer is the circular radius of each layer of the dielectric layer, and the design parameters further comprise: the height of the cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens; based on the number of layers of the multilayer dielectric layer, the radius of each layer of the dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, and the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer, using the dielectric lens material, 3D printing layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer to obtain the multilayer dielectric layer, specifically comprising: based on the number of layers of the multilayer dielectric layer, the radius of each layer of the dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer, and the height of the cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens, using the dielectric lens material, 3D printing layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer to obtain the cylindrical multilayer dielectric layer; based on the radius of the reflecting layer and the central angle of the reflecting layer, using the pre-selected metal material to 3D print the reflecting layer, and assembling the multilayer dielectric layer and the reflecting layer to obtain the multilayer dielectric lens, specifically comprising: based on the radius of the reflecting layer, the central angle of the reflecting layer, and the height of the cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens, using the pre-selected metal material to 3D print the reflecting layer, and assembling the cylindrical multilayer dielectric layer and the reflecting layer to obtain the cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The multilayer dielectric lens is a Luneberg lens, and the radius of each layer of the dielectric layer is a spherical radius; based on the number of layers of the multilayer dielectric layer, the radius of each layer of the dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, and the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in each layer of the dielectric layer, using the dielectric lens material, 3D printing layer by layer from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer to obtain the multilayer dielectric layer, specifically comprising: The spherical multilayer dielectric layer is obtained by 3D printing from the innermost dielectric layer to the outermost dielectric layer layer by layer based on the number of layers of the multilayer dielectric layer, the ball radius of each dielectric layer, the side length of the cubic lattice, and the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in each dielectric layer, and then the two hemispherical multilayer dielectric layers are pasted to obtain the spherical multilayer dielectric layer. The multilayer dielectric lens is obtained by assembling the multilayer dielectric layer and the reflecting layer, and the assembling specifically includes: The Luneberg lens is obtained by assembling the spherical multilayer dielectric layer and the reflecting layer.
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The multilayer dielectric lens contains three dielectric layers, the radius of the first dielectric layer is 2.268 mm, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer is 1.96; the radius of the second dielectric layer is 3.706 mm, the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer is 1.7956; and the radius of the third dielectric layer is 5.292 mm, and the dielectric constant of the third dielectric layer is 1.4884.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The dielectric constant of the dielectric lens material is 2.45, the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in the first dielectric layer is 74.4%, and the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in the first dielectric layer is 0.506 mm; the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in the second dielectric layer is 64.3%, and the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in the second dielectric layer is 0.597 mm; the filling rate of the dielectric lens material in the cubic lattice contained in the third dielectric layer is 43%, and the side length of the square base of the hollow cuboid in the cubic lattice contained in the third dielectric layer is 0.755 mm.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein, The radius of the reflecting layer of the cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens is 12.184 mm, and the central angle of the reflecting layer is 180°.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein, The height of the cylindrical multilayer dielectric lens is 39 mm.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein, The radius of the reflecting layer of the Luneberg lens is 6.092 mm, and the central angle of the reflecting layer is 120°.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein, The working frequency of the multilayer dielectric lens is 77 GHz, and the side length of the lattice is 1 mm.
10. A multilayer dielectric lens characterized by, The multilayer dielectric lens is prepared based on the method in any one of claims 1-9.
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