Manufacturing method of castor oil modified biomass lubricating oil

Abstract

The present invention provides a castor oil modified biomass lubricating oil manufacturing method, which comprises: a first step of adding an alkali catalyst and an alcohol to a raw material oil to form a first mixed oil; a second step of standing and separating a second mixed oil; a third step of distilling to obtain a third mixed oil; step 4, washing with water to obtain fourth mixed oil; a fifth step of distilling the fourth mixed oil to obtain castor methyl ester oil; step 6, adding carclazyte to form fifth mixed oil; a seventh step, adding an acidic mixed solution into the fifth mixed oil to form precursor oil; 8, formic acid is added, and a first semi-finished product is formed; a ninth step of adding hydrogen peroxide to form a second semi-finished product; and a tenth step of washing and distilling the second semi-finished product to obtain the lubricating oil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing lubricating oil, in particular to a method for producing bio-based lubricating oil modified from castor oil. Background Art

[0002] Lubricating oil (also called lubricant) is a product commonly used in industrial production and manufacturing processes. It has the functions of reducing friction, protecting mechanical equipment, extending service life, and ensuring smooth operation. Common lubricating oils are petrochemical lubricants extracted from petroleum or chemically synthesized. In recent years, environmental awareness has risen. Petrochemical lubricants contain harmful substances and will pollute the environment. Plant oil synthetic lubricants have attracted much attention. Compared with traditional petrochemical lubricants, plant oil synthetic lubricants can reduce the impact on the environment and are biodegradable and can be decomposed in the natural environment.

[0003] However, vegetable oil synthetic lubricants have the following disadvantages: first, vegetable oil is prone to chemical reactions when in contact with oxygen, causing deterioration; second, vegetable oil is incompatible with certain specific petrochemical engine oils, reducing practicality; third, oxidation causes the viscosity of vegetable oil synthetic lubricants to increase, affecting fluidity and lubrication effects, and causing residual glue problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above shortcomings, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a bio-based lubricant modified from castor oil that is non-deteriorating, resistant to high and low temperatures, has high wear reduction properties and is environmentally friendly.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to increase the compatibility with petrochemical engine oil to improve practicality.

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings and achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a method for producing bio-based lubricating oil modified from castor oil, comprising:

[0007] A first step is to add an alkali catalyst to an alcohol to form an alkaline mixed liquid, and add castor oil to the alkaline mixed liquid to form a first mixed oil, wherein the weight percentage of the alcohol is 20-25%, and the weight percentage of the alkali catalyst is 0.2-0.5%;

[0008] a second step, allowing the first mixed oil to stand to separate the glycerin to form a second mixed oil;

[0009] a third step, heating the second mixed oil to at least 80-100° C. for distillation to form a third mixed oil;

[0010] a fourth step, washing the third mixed oil with water to form a fourth mixed oil;

[0011] a fifth step, heating the fourth mixed oil to at least 80-100° C. for distillation to form castor methyl ester oil;

[0012] a sixth step, adding a clay to the castor methyl ester oil, heating and stirring to form a fifth mixed oil, and filtering the clay, wherein the weight percentage of the clay is 10-20%;

[0013] a seventh step, adding an acid catalyst to the alcohol to form an acidic mixed liquid, adding the acidic mixed liquid to the fifth mixed oil, heating and stirring to form a sixth mixed oil, and subjecting the sixth mixed oil to static stratification, washing with water to remove impurities, and distilling to remove residual water to form a precursor oil, wherein the weight percentage of the alcohol is 25-35%, and the weight percentage of the acid catalyst is 3-8%;

[0014] In an eighth step, formic acid is added to the precursor oil to form a first semi-finished product, wherein the weight percentage of the formic acid is 3-8%;

[0015] a ninth step, adding hydrogen peroxide to the first semi-finished product, heating and reacting for at least 4 hours to form a second semi-finished product, wherein the weight percentage of the hydrogen peroxide is 25-40%; and

[0016] In a tenth step, the second semi-finished product is washed with water and heated to at least 80-100° C. for distillation to form a lubricating oil.

[0017] Preferably, in the first step, the alkaline mixed solution and the castor oil are stirred and mixed at a temperature ranging from 50 to 70° C. and reacted for 60 to 120 minutes.

[0018] Preferably, in the first step, the alkaline catalyst is selected from potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide; in the seventh step, the acid catalyst is selected from concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid; and the alcohol is selected from methanol or ethanol.

[0019] Preferably, in the third step, the distillation time of the second mixed oil is at least 5 minutes; in the fifth step, the distillation time of the fourth mixed oil is at least 40 minutes; in the tenth step, the distillation time of the second semi-finished product is at least 40 minutes; in the seventh step, the distillation time of the sixth mixed oil is at least 30 minutes.

[0020] Preferably, the sixth step further comprises a filter cloth, the filter cloth filters the clay, and the air permeability of the filter cloth is at least less than or equal to 2 c.c / cm 2 sec.

[0021] Preferably, in the sixth step, the heating temperature is in the range of 180-260° C., and the stirring is performed for at least 5 hours.

[0022] Preferably, in the seventh step, the heating temperature is in the range of 50-70° C., and the stirring is performed for at least 30 minutes.

[0023] Preferably, in the eighth step, the concentration of the formic acid is 85%.

[0024] Preferably, in the ninth step, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 35%, and the heating temperature ranges from 50 to 70°C.

[0025] The present invention removes the colloid in the castor oil so that the lubricating oil is not easy to produce gumming regardless of high temperature or low temperature, and adds the white clay to polymerize the molecular chain, thereby increasing the molecular weight of the lubricating oil, improving the viscosity and other related properties of the lubricating oil, and improving the lubricating efficiency, and finally increasing the thermal stability of the lubricating oil and improving the oxidation stability. In summary, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a bio-based lubricating oil modified from castor oil, which overcomes the problems of incompatibility between castor oil and petrochemical engine oil, easy oxidation, and gumming while retaining the natural lubrication and anti-friction properties of castor oil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with embodiments of the present invention. In addition, in order to better illustrate the present invention, numerous specific details are provided in the specific embodiments below. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented equally without certain specific details. In certain embodiments, methods, means, and elements well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail to highlight the gist of the present invention.

[0027] The present invention provides a method for producing bio-lubricating oil modified from castor oil, comprising the following steps:

[0028] A first step: adding an alkali catalyst to an alcohol to form an alkaline mixed solution, and adding castor oil to the alkaline mixed solution to form a first mixed oil;

[0029] A second step: allowing the first mixed oil to stand to separate the glycerin to form a second mixed oil;

[0030] A third step: distilling the second mixed oil to form a third mixed oil;

[0031] A fourth step: washing the third mixed oil with water to form a fourth mixed oil;

[0032] A fifth step: distilling the fourth mixed oil to form castor methyl ester oil;

[0033] A sixth step: adding white clay into the castor methyl ester oil, heating and stirring to form a fifth mixed oil, and filtering the white clay;

[0034] A seventh step: adding an acid catalyst to the alcohol to form an acidic mixed liquid, adding the acidic mixed liquid to the fifth mixed oil, stirring to form a sixth mixed oil, and subjecting the sixth mixed oil to static stratification, washing to remove impurities, and distilling to remove residual water to form a precursor oil;

[0035] An eighth step: adding formic acid to the precursor oil to form a first semi-finished product;

[0036] A ninth step: adding hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide) to the first semi-finished product and heating the reaction for at least 4 hours to form a second semi-finished product;

[0037] A tenth step: washing and distilling the second semi-finished product to form a lubricating oil.

[0038] Specifically, in the first step, the castor oil is a vegetable oil extracted from castor (Ricinus communis) seeds, and the castor oil is formed by mechanical pressing. The alkali catalyst can be potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, but is not limited thereto. The alkali catalyst is used to accelerate or promote the reaction under alkaline conditions. The alkali catalyst can accelerate the catalytic reaction rate but does not participate in the reaction, and accelerates the reaction by promoting the combination or breakage between specific molecules. The alcohol may be methanol or ethanol, but is not limited thereto. Based on the total weight of the first mixed oil, the weight percentage of the alcohol accounts for 20-25% of the weight of the first mixed oil, and the weight percentage of the alkali catalyst accounts for 0.2-0.5% of the weight of the first mixed oil. The alkali catalyst is first added to the alcohol to dissolve the alkali catalyst in the alcohol to form the alkaline mixed liquid, and the alkaline mixed liquid is added to the castor oil and stirred and mixed at a temperature of 50-70° C. for 60 to 120 minutes to react the glycerides and fatty acids in the castor oil into methyl esters. The alkali catalyst is used to catalyze the reaction between the alcohol and the glycerides and fatty acids to generate the first mixed oil.

[0039] According to one embodiment, the castor oil may have the following chemical formula 1:

[0040]

[0041] As the castor oil, the compound represented by the above chemical formula 1 is preferred.

[0042] Specifically, in the second step, the first mixed oil is allowed to stand for at least 4 hours to separate the glycerin in the first mixed oil to form the second mixed oil. The separation is performed according to the difference in specific gravity between the first mixed oil and the glycerin. After standing, the first mixed oil and the glycerin form layers according to components of different densities, thereby separating into the second mixed oil.

[0043] In detail, in the third step, the second mixed oil is distilled to remove and recover the unreacted alcohols in the first step. The second mixed oil is heated to at least 80-100° C. for at least 5 minutes to evaporate the unreacted alcohols in the second mixed oil into steam, and then the steam is cooled to re-condense into the alcohols. The distillation is a conventional technology and will not be described in detail here. The alcohols are separated from the second mixed oil by the volatility of the alcohols and the different boiling points between the alcohols and the first mixed oil to form the third mixed oil.

[0044] Specifically, in the fourth step, the third mixed oil is washed with water for at least 10 minutes. The purpose of the water washing is to remove impurities, residues or impurities in the third mixed oil. The third mixed oil is mixed and shaken with water to make the third mixed oil fully contact with the water. Water-soluble impurities in the third mixed oil are removed by water. The water washing is a prior art and will not be described in detail here. Impurities remaining in the third mixed oil, such as the alkali catalyst, are removed to form the fourth mixed oil.

[0045] In detail, in the fifth step, the fourth mixed oil is distilled to separate the water in the fourth step, by heating the fourth mixed oil to at least 80-100° C. for at least 40 minutes, so that the water in the fourth mixed oil evaporates into water vapor, and then the water vapor is cooled to re-condense into water, and the water is separated from the fourth mixed oil to form the castor methyl ester oil, so as to ensure the removal of residual water.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the castor methyl ester oil may have the structure of the following chemical formula 2:

[0047]

[0048] As the castor methyl ester oil, the compound represented by the above chemical formula 2 is preferred.

[0049] Specifically, in the sixth step, the castor methyl ester oil is added in an amount of 10-20% by weight of the clay based on the total weight of the castor methyl ester oil, and stirred at a temperature of 180-260° C. The reaction time is at least 5 hours, preferably 5-10 hours, but not limited thereto, so that the castor methyl ester oil is fully contacted with the clay. The clay is a porous adsorbent with a high adsorption capacity and surface area. Adding the clay is a prior art and will not be described in detail herein. The fifth mixed oil is formed by polymerizing the molecular chains of the castor methyl ester oil, so that the fifth mixed oil has increased molecular weight, viscosity, oil film thickness and toughness. After the reaction time, the clay in the fifth mixed oil is filtered using a filter cloth, and the air permeability of the filter cloth is less than or equal to 2 c.c / cm2sec, indicating that the filter cloth can pass a maximum of 2 ml of gas per square centimeter per second.

[0050] According to one embodiment, the fifth mixed oil may have a structure of the following chemical formula 3:

[0051]

[0052] As the fifth mixed oil, the compound represented by the chemical formula 3 is preferred. Due to high temperature polymerization, part of the fatty acids in the fifth mixed oil are released, thereby increasing the acid value of the fifth mixed oil and reducing the durability of the oil, so the seventh step is continued.

[0053] Specifically, in the seventh step, the acidic mixed liquid is prepared in advance, the acid catalyst is used to catalyze the reaction of alcohol and acid, and the acid catalyst can be concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid; the alcohol can be methanol or ethanol, but is not limited thereto. Based on the total weight of the fifth mixed oil, the weight percentage of the alcohol is 25-35%, and the weight percentage of the acid catalyst is 3-8%. The acid catalyst is added to the alcohol in the above ratio to form the acidic mixed liquid, and the acidic mixed liquid is added to the fifth mixed oil, and stirred and mixed at a temperature of 50-70° C. for at least 30 minutes, preferably 30-80 minutes, so that the fifth mixed oil is stirred and mixed. The fatty acids in the oil react with the alcohols to form ester groups to form the sixth mixed oil. After the reaction is completed, the sixth mixed oil is allowed to stand for a preferably 2-4 hours, thereby allowing the sixth mixed oil to separate into phases, separating the lower layer of alkyd water for removal, taking out the upper oil phase layer for water washing, preferably stirring for 3 minutes for the water washing time, so that the oil and water in the sixth mixed oil are fully mixed, and the impurities in the sixth mixed oil are washed away. The sixth mixed oil is then allowed to stand for oil and water separation, and the water is removed. The sixth mixed oil is then distilled to remove residual water. The distillation temperature is 75°C, and the distillation time is at least 30 minutes, preferably 30 minutes, to form the precursor oil.

[0054] According to one embodiment, the precursor oil may have the structure of the following chemical formula 4:

[0055]

[0056] As the above-mentioned precursor oil, the compound represented by the above-mentioned chemical formula (4) is preferred.

[0057] Specifically, in the eighth step, based on the total weight of the precursor oil, 3-8% by weight of the formic acid is added, wherein the concentration of the formic acid is 85%, and the mixture is stirred and mixed to form the first semi-finished product.

[0058] Specifically, in the ninth step, based on the total weight of the first semi-finished product, the weight percentage of the hydrogen peroxide added is 25-40%, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 35%, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 50-70° C. for at least 4 hours, preferably 4-8 hours, but not limited to this, so that the hydrogen peroxide reacts with the formic acid to form peroxyformic acid as an intermediate compound, and the peroxyformic acid reacts with the double bond of the first semi-finished product to form epoxy, thereby forming a second semi-finished product.

[0059] Specifically, in the tenth step, the second semi-finished product is washed with water for at least 10 minutes to remove impurities, residues or impurities in the second semi-finished product, and then heated to at least 80-100° C. for distillation. The distillation time is at least 40 minutes to remove moisture in the second semi-finished product. Since the distillation and water washing steps and their effects are the same as those described above, they are briefly described here to finally form the lubricating oil, which has high thermal stability, high anti-friction properties and high oxidation stability, thereby greatly improving the lubrication performance and is not prone to producing gumming.

[0060] According to one embodiment, the lubricating oil may have the structure of the following chemical formula 5:

[0061]

[0062] As the lubricating oil, the compound represented by the above chemical formula 5 is preferred.

[0063] More specifically, in the first step, the second step, the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step, the colloid in the castor methyl ester oil is removed, so that the final product, the lubricating oil, is not easy to produce colloids at high temperature and the low temperature; in the sixth step and the seventh step, the molecular weight and viscosity of the first semi-finished product are increased, and the oil film thickness and toughness are increased, so that the lubricating performance of the final product, the lubricating oil, is improved; in the eighth step, the ninth step and the tenth step, the thermal stability of the lubricating oil is increased, and the oxidation stability of the lubricating oil is also improved, so that the compatibility of the lubricating oil with different petrochemical engine oils is increased, and the practicality is increased.

[0064] The lubricant also contains the following:

[0065] Example 1, Viscosity Index (VI),

[0066] The viscosity index can measure the viscosity stability of the lubricating oil at different temperatures, and the purpose is to evaluate the performance under different temperature conditions, especially the fluidity at high temperature (100°C) and low temperature (40°C). The viscosity of the lubricating oil of the final product of the present invention at the high temperature is 10.5 cSt, and the viscosity at the low temperature is 80 cSt. After conversion by the formula, the viscosity index can be obtained as 120, which means that the lubricating oil has a high viscosity index (viscosity index greater than 100), which means that the viscosity of the lubricating oil at different temperatures changes little, and is suitable for large temperature changes. At different working temperatures, the performance of the lubricating oil changes little, which helps to provide a stable lubrication effect.

[0067] Embodiment 2, specific gravity, the specific gravity of the lubricating oil is between 0.94 and 0.95.

[0068] Example 3, iodine value (IV);

[0069] The iodine value is an indicator for measuring the lubricating oil, and is used to measure the number of double bonds or multiple bonds in the fatty acid molecules in the lubricating oil. The higher the iodine value, the higher the content of unsaturated fatty acids. The iodine value of the lubricating oil of the final product of the present invention is approximately 15.

[0070] In summary, the present invention provides a method for preparing a bio-based lubricant modified from castor oil, wherein the castor oil is modified to form the lubricant, which is taken from vegetable oil and is environmentally friendly and can reduce the impact on the environment, while retaining the high and low temperature resistance of the castor oil. After modification, the lubricant has high anti-friction and high shear effects, can effectively reduce the wear and friction of the metal surface, greatly improve the lubrication efficiency, and overcome the problems of incompatibility with different petrochemical engine oils, easy oxidation, and gumming.

[0071] Although the present invention has been disclosed in preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, various modifications and changes should be made without departing from the essential features of the present invention, and all should be included in the scope of the present invention. The embodiments recorded in the present invention are only used to describe the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical spirit of the present invention, and the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the scope of the attached patent application, and all technical ideas within the equivalent scope shall be deemed to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing a bio-lubricating oil modified from castor oil, characterized in that: include: A first step is to add an alkali catalyst to an alcohol to form an alkaline mixed liquid, and add castor oil to the alkaline mixed liquid to form a first mixed oil, wherein the weight percentage of the alcohol is 20-25%, and the weight percentage of the alkali catalyst is 0.2-0.5%; a second step, allowing the first mixed oil to stand to separate the glycerin to form a second mixed oil; a third step, heating the second mixed oil to at least 80-100° C. for distillation to form a third mixed oil; a fourth step, washing the third mixed oil with water to form a fourth mixed oil; a fifth step, heating the fourth mixed oil to at least 80-100° C. for distillation to form castor methyl ester oil; a sixth step, adding clay to the castor methyl ester oil, heating and stirring to form a fifth mixed oil, and filtering the clay, wherein the weight percentage of the clay is 10-20%; a seventh step, adding an acid catalyst to the alcohol to form an acidic mixed liquid, adding the acidic mixed liquid to the fifth mixed oil, heating and stirring to form a sixth mixed oil, and subjecting the sixth mixed oil to static stratification, washing with water to remove impurities, and distilling to remove residual water to form a precursor oil, wherein the weight percentage of the alcohol is 25-35%, and the weight percentage of the acid catalyst is 3-8%; In an eighth step, formic acid is added to the precursor oil to form a first semi-finished product, wherein the weight percentage of the formic acid is 3-8%; a ninth step, adding hydrogen peroxide to the first semi-finished product, heating and reacting for at least 4 hours to form a second semi-finished product, wherein the weight percentage of the hydrogen peroxide is 25-40%; and In a tenth step, the second semi-finished product is washed with water and heated to at least 80-100° C. for distillation to form a lubricating oil.

2. The method for producing a bio-lubricating oil by upgrading castor oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In the first step, the alkaline mixed solution and the castor oil are stirred and mixed at a temperature ranging from 50 to 70° C. and reacted for 60 to 120 minutes.

3. The method for producing a bio-lubricating oil by upgrading castor oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In the first step, the alkaline catalyst is selected from potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide; in the seventh step, the acid catalyst is selected from concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid; and the alcohol is selected from methanol or ethanol.

4. The method for producing bio-lubricating oil by upgrading castor oil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the third step, the distillation time of the second mixed oil is at least 5 minutes; in the fifth step, the distillation time of the fourth mixed oil is at least 40 minutes; in the tenth step, the distillation time of the second semi-finished product is at least 40 minutes; in the seventh step, the distillation time of the sixth mixed oil is at least 30 minutes.

5. The method for producing bio-lubricating oil by upgrading castor oil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sixth step further comprises a filter cloth, the filter cloth filters the clay, and the air permeability of the filter cloth is at least less than or equal to 2 c.c / cm 2 sec.

6. The method for producing bio-lubricating oil by upgrading castor oil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the sixth step, the heating temperature is in the range of 180 to 260° C., and the stirring is performed for at least 5 hours.

7. The method for producing bio-lubricating oil by upgrading castor oil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the seventh step, the heating temperature is in the range of 50 to 70° C., and the stirring is performed for at least 30 minutes.

8. The method for producing bio-lubricating oil by upgrading castor oil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the eighth step, the concentration of formic acid is 85%.

9. The method for producing bio-lubricating oil by upgrading castor oil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the ninth step, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 35%, and the heating temperature ranges from 50 to 70°C.

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