Device and method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium

Abstract

The invention discloses equipment and a method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium, the equipment comprises a powder supply mechanism and a gas explosion type centrifugal extractor which are respectively arranged above and below a worm-shaped acid leaching mechanism, and a filtering mechanism is arranged at the center of the worm-shaped acid leaching mechanism; the liquid outlet end of the filtering mechanism is communicated with the gas explosion type centrifugal extractor through a pressure pump; according to the method, the equipment is used for carrying out acid leaching and extraction operation on the waste battery powder, and nickel and lithium in the powder are separated out. According to the method, the space occupied by the acid leaching procedure can be effectively reduced, the amount of acid leaching liquid is reduced, it is ensured that nickel and lithium in powder are fully leached out, the extraction efficiency of the centrifugal extraction procedure is improved, and the method is suitable for continuous extraction operation of large-batch powder. The method is suitable for the technical field of extraction of nickel and lithium in waste batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of waste battery recycling, and in particular relates to a device and method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium. Background Art

[0002] Since waste batteries contain a large amount of nickel and lithium, if they are not recycled or recycled inadequately, it will cause a large waste of resources and pollute the environment. At present, the recovery of nickel and lithium in waste batteries is often carried out by extraction, that is, wet refining. Specifically, the ternary materials of the waste batteries are first crushed and ground into powder, the powder is acid-leached, the obtained leaching solution is mixed with the extract, and the target solution is obtained by layering, and then evaporation and crystallization are performed. However, in order to ensure the adequacy of acid leaching, a large acid leaching tank is required. Due to the large volume and area of ​​the acid leaching tank, the mixing reaction of the acid leaching solution and the powder cannot be ensured. It is necessary to use a stirring device to disturb the acid leaching solution. However, there is a lot of acid leaching solution in the acid leaching tank, and the adequacy of the disturbance cannot be ensured. Dead corners are very likely to occur, which not only wastes the acid leaching solution, but also reduces the adequacy of leaching nickel and lithium in the powder. The existing extraction uses a centrifugal extractor. During the centrifugal extraction process, the degree of mixing of the leaching solution and the extract in the centrifugal extractor affects the subsequent extraction of nickel and lithium. However, two conditions are required to ensure the adequacy of the mixing of the two. The first is to ensure that the flow rate of the two is low, and the second is to extend the mixing time of the two, or these two conditions are combined with each other, but this will greatly reduce the efficiency of the extraction. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a device and method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium, which are used to reduce the space occupied by the acid leaching process and reduce the amount of acidic leaching solution, ensure that the nickel and lithium in the powder are fully leached, and improve the extraction efficiency of the centrifugal extraction process, and are suitable for the continuous extraction operation of large quantities of powder.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium comprises a powder supply mechanism and a gas explosion centrifugal extractor respectively arranged above and below a volute acid leaching mechanism, a filtering mechanism is installed at the center of the volute acid leaching mechanism, and a liquid outlet end of the filtering mechanism is connected to the gas explosion centrifugal extractor through a pressure pump.

[0005] Furthermore, the volute pickling mechanism includes a circular pickling tank with a gradually downwardly concave middle portion, a pickling flow channel in the shape of a spiral line is formed in the pickling tank, an acid liquid inlet joint is constructed on the pickling tank and at the outer end of the pickling flow channel, and the filtering mechanism is installed at the center of the pickling tank and is connected to the inner end of the pickling flow channel.

[0006] Furthermore, a plurality of flow spoilers are arranged in the acid leaching channel, and the flow spoilers are arranged at intervals along the acid leaching channel. The lower end of each flow spoiler is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the acid leaching channel, and the height of the flow spoiler is not higher than 1 / 4 of the total height of the acid leaching channel at the corresponding position.

[0007] Furthermore, the spoiler baffle includes a first baffle body with a rectangular cross-section, a second baffle body with a triangular cross-section, or a third baffle body with two curved surfaces, the upper end of the second baffle body has a jump flow angle, the angle of the jump flow angle is 90°-135°, the two curved surfaces of the third baffle body are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the acidic leachate, and the upper ends of the two curved surfaces are connected to each other.

[0008] Furthermore, the powder supply mechanism includes an annular mounting rod connected to the frame through multiple connecting arms, the axis of the annular mounting rod coincides with the axis of the acid leaching tank, and multiple feeding units are installed on the annular mounting rod at intervals along its circumference, and the discharge end of each feeding unit extends radially along the acid leaching tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the feeding unit includes an assembly rod coaxially rotatably installed in the material guide barrel, a transfer ear is constructed on the material guide barrel, the transfer ear is connected to the annular mounting rod via a connecting sleeve constructed thereon, a strip discharge port is constructed at the lower end of the material guide barrel, the strip discharge port extends from one end to the other end along the axial direction of the material guide barrel, and the diameter of the strip discharge port gradually decreases vertically downward and radially inward along the acid leaching tank, a material guide blade spirally extending along the axis of the material guide barrel is installed on the assembly rod, and one end of the assembly rod is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the drive motor.

[0010] Furthermore, rubber inflation walls are respectively fixed on the two side walls of the strip-shaped discharge port, and an inflation cavity is formed between the rubber inflation wall and the corresponding side wall of the strip-shaped discharge port. Both of the inflation cavities are connected to the air guide joint constructed at one end of the strip-shaped discharge port.

[0011] Furthermore, the filtering mechanism includes a mounting seat installed at the center of the volute acid leaching mechanism, an assembly port is constructed on the mounting seat, the upper end of the assembly shell is detachably mounted at the lower end of the assembly port, the filter cartridge extends into the assembly shell through the assembly port, and the upper end of the filter cartridge is connected to the mounting seat, a slag discharge joint is connected to the peripheral wall of the assembly shell, a slag discharge valve is installed on the slag discharge joint, a slag discharge port connected to the slag discharge joint is opened on the filter cartridge, and a liquid discharge pipe is constructed at the lower end of the assembly shell, and the liquid discharge pipe is connected to the inlet end of the pressure pump.

[0012] Furthermore, the gas explosion centrifugal extractor includes a drum coaxially assembled in a casing, a first liquid phase inlet joint and a second liquid phase inlet joint are symmetrically connected to the casing, a drain shell is detachably connected to the upper end of the casing, a light phase discharge joint and a heavy phase discharge joint are constructed on the drain shell, the heavy phase discharge joint is higher than the light phase discharge joint, a transmission shaft is coaxially rotatably connected to the drain shell, the transmission shaft is coaxially connected to a baffle plate via a stirring blade, the baffle plate is rotatably connected to the lower end of the casing via a transfer shaft coaxially connected thereto, a main air intake channel connected to an air intake branch channel constructed in the baffle plate is opened in the transfer shaft, a plurality of air intake holes respectively connected to the air intake branch channels are evenly opened at the lower end of the baffle plate, and an exhaust channel connected to the outside is opened on the transmission shaft.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium, comprising the following steps: Step 1. The acidic leaching solution is introduced into the volute acid leaching mechanism at a predetermined flow rate, and the acidic leaching solution flows through the volute acid leaching mechanism in a volute shape; Step 2. Continuously supply the powdered material to the powder supply mechanism, and control the action of the powder supply mechanism, so that the powder supply mechanism continuously supplies the powdered material to the volute pickling mechanism; Step 3. The leachate enters the filter mechanism, and the pressure pump is controlled to pump the leachate in the filter mechanism into the gas explosion centrifugal extractor; Step 4. Control the operation of the gas explosion centrifugal extractor to pressurize and transport the extract and the gas to the gas explosion centrifugal extractor respectively, and the leaching liquid and the extract are mixed in the gas explosion centrifugal extractor and then centrifuged; Step 5. respectively collecting the nickel sulfate solution and the raffinate after extraction; Step 6. Evaporate the nickel sulfate solution to crystallize; evaporate the raffinate to crystallize to obtain a crystallization mother liquor for recovering lithium carbonate.

[0014] Due to the adoption of the above structure, the technical progress achieved by the present invention compared with the prior art is that: the present invention continuously injects the acidic leachate into the volute acid leaching mechanism, the acidic leachate flows from outside to inside along the volute line, and the powder of the waste battery is continuously transported toward the volute acid leaching mechanism through the powder supply mechanism. The acidic leachate washes the powder and gradually mixes with it during the flow, so that the target ions in it are fully combined in the acidic leachate, and then separated by the filtering mechanism at the center of the volute acid leaching mechanism. The leachate enters the gas explosion centrifugal extractor through the pressure pump and mixes with the extract. Under the action of high-pressure gas, the leachate and the extract are fully mixed, and then the target solution and the raffinate are obtained under the action of centrifugal force. The target solution undergoes subsequent evaporation and crystallization processes, and the raffinate is recovered, regenerated and reused. Since the volute acid leaching mechanism of the present invention occupies a small space, and the entire acid leaching process is in a continuous state, it can ensure the acid leaching of a large number of powders at the same time, and its leaching effect is excellent. In summary, the present invention can effectively reduce the space occupied by the acid leaching process, reduce the amount of acidic leaching solution, ensure that the nickel and lithium in the powder are fully leached, and improve the extraction efficiency of the centrifugal extraction process, and is suitable for the continuous extraction operation of large quantities of powder. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0016] In the attached picture: Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of another angle of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection between the volute pickling mechanism and the filtering mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is an axial structural cross-sectional view of the connection between the volute pickling mechanism and the filtering mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the volute pickling mechanism and the first type of spoiler baffle in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a front view of the structure in which the volute pickling mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected with the first type of spoiler baffle; Figure 7 It is a front view of the structure in which the volute pickling mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected with the second type of spoiler baffle; Figure 8 It is a front view of the structure in which the volute pickling mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected with the third type of spoiler baffle; Fig. 9This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter mechanism after being disassembled according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 This is an axial structural cross-sectional view of a gas explosion centrifugal extractor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a baffle plate in a gas explosion centrifugal extractor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the powder supply mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13 It is a structural schematic diagram of a feeding unit in a powder supply mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.14 It is a partial structural sectional view of a feeding unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Labeled parts: 100-volute acid leaching mechanism, 101-acid leaching tank, 102-acid leaching flow channel, 103-acid inlet joint, 104-first block body, 105-second block body, 106-third block body, 200-filter mechanism, 201-mounting seat, 202-assembly shell, 203-first connecting flange, 204-flow focusing bucket, 205-liquid discharge pipe, 206-slag discharge joint, 207-slag discharge valve, 208-filter cartridge, 209-second connecting flange, 210-liquid guide seat, 211-slag discharge port, 300-pressure pump, 400-gas explosion centrifugal extractor, 401-casing, 402-drum, 403-first liquid phase inlet joint, 404-second liquid phase inlet joint, 405-light phase discharge joint , 406-heavy phase discharge joint, 407-drive shaft, 408-adapter shaft, 409-baffle plate, 410-intake main channel, 411-intake branch channel, 412-intake hole, 413-guide cone, 414-swirl blade, 415-exhaust channel, 416-mixing blade, 500-adapter frame, 501-annular mounting rod, 502-fixing sleeve, 503-connecting arm, 600-feeding unit, 601-guide barrel, 602-strip discharge nozzle, 603-strip discharge port, 604-rubber inflation wall, 605-inflated cavity, 606-air guide joint, 607-assembly rod, 608-guide blade, 609-drive motor, 610-feed joint, 611-adapter ear, 612-connecting sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0019] The present invention discloses a device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium, such as Figure 1-14As shown, it includes a volute pickling mechanism 100, a powder supply mechanism, a gas explosion type centrifugal extractor 400, a filter mechanism 200 and a pressure pump 300. The powder supply mechanism and the gas explosion type centrifugal extractor 400 are respectively arranged above and below the volute pickling mechanism 100, the filter mechanism 200 is installed at the center of the volute pickling mechanism 100, and the liquid outlet end of the filter mechanism 200 is connected to the gas explosion type centrifugal extractor 400 through the pressure pump 300. The working principle and advantages of the present invention are as follows: the present invention continuously injects the acidic leachate into the volute acid leaching mechanism 100, and the acidic leachate flows from outside to inside along the shape of the volute line, and the powder of the waste battery is continuously transported toward the volute acid leaching mechanism 100 through the powder supply mechanism, and the acidic leachate washes the powder and gradually mixes with it during the flow, so that the target ions in it are fully combined in the acidic leachate, and then separated by the filtering mechanism 200 at the center of the volute acid leaching mechanism 100, and the leachate enters the gas explosion centrifugal extractor 400 through the pressure pump 300 and mixes with the extract, and under the action of the high-pressure gas, the leachate and the extract are fully mixed, and then the target solution and the raffinate are obtained under the action of the centrifugal force, and the target solution is subjected to subsequent evaporation and crystallization processes, and the raffinate is recovered, regenerated and reused. Since the volute acid leaching mechanism 100 of the present invention occupies a small space, and the entire acid leaching process is in a continuous state, it can ensure the acid leaching of a large amount of powder at the same time, and its leaching effect is excellent. In summary, the present invention can effectively reduce the space occupied by the acid leaching process, reduce the amount of acidic leaching solution, ensure that the nickel and lithium in the powder are fully leached, and improve the extraction efficiency of the centrifugal extraction process, and is suitable for the continuous extraction operation of large quantities of powder.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 , 4As shown, the volute pickling mechanism 100 includes a pickling tank 101, which is circular in shape, and the middle of the pickling tank 101 gradually sinks downward. An pickling channel 102 is formed in the pickling tank 101, and the pickling channel 102 is in the shape of a spiral line, and one end of the pickling channel 102 is opened at the outer edge of the pickling tank 101, and the other end gradually spirals downward along the spiral line and extends to the center of the pickling tank 101. In this embodiment, an acid liquid inlet joint 103 is configured on the pickling tank 101 and located at the outer end of the pickling channel 102, and the filter mechanism 200 is installed at the center of the pickling tank 101, and the filter mechanism 200 is connected to the inner end of the pickling channel 102. The acid leachate enters the pickling channel 102 from the acid liquid inlet joint 103, and gradually flows toward the center of the pickling tank 101 along the spiral line, and is gradually mixed with the powder during the flow process, and achieves a sufficient leaching effect. Moreover, since the acidic leaching liquid is always in a flowing state, it is extremely efficient compared with static leaching, and has a simple process and excellent effect compared with forced stirring and mixing. In addition, the amount of acidic leaching liquid used is low, which is not easy to cause waste. At the same time, it takes up little space, which is easy for subsequent cleaning and maintenance.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5-8As shown, a plurality of flow spoilers are arranged in the acid leaching channel 102, and these flow spoilers are arranged at intervals along the acid leaching channel 102 (in the extension direction of the spiral line), and the lower end of each flow spoiler is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the acid leaching channel 102, and the height of the flow spoiler is not higher than 1 / 4 of the total height of the acid leaching channel 102 at the corresponding position. In this way, when the acidic leachate flows through the flow spoiler, the flow spoiler blocks the lower part of the acidic leachate, and then surges upward, and the surging acidic leachate is mixed with the acidic leachate above it, so that the disturbed acidic leachate is fully mixed with the powder inside it, and the target component is fully and quickly leached. The spoiler baffle of this embodiment includes multiple implementation modes. The first one is a first baffle 104. The cross section of the first baffle 104 is a rectangle. The first baffle 104 has an excellent flow blocking effect, but a dead angle is easily formed at the bottom thereof, and some powder will accumulate at the root of the first baffle 104. The second one is a second baffle 105. The cross section of the second baffle 105 is a triangle. The upper end of the second baffle 105 has a jump flow angle. The angle of the jump flow angle is 90°-135°. The acidic leachate flows through the second baffle 105. 5 generates a jump flow, and the intensity of the turbulence is lower than that of the first baffle 104, but there will be no accumulation of powder; the third type is a third baffle 106, which has two arc surfaces, and the two arc surfaces of the third baffle 106 are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the acidic leachate, and the upper ends of the two arc surfaces are connected to each other, and the two arc surfaces are concave toward each other. When the acidic leachate flows through the arc surface of the third baffle 106, the acidic leachate forms a vortex, and the turbulence effect is excellent, and there will be no dead angle problem.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 , 9As shown, the filter mechanism 200 includes a mounting seat 201, an assembly shell 202 and a filter cartridge 208. The mounting seat 201 is mounted at the center of the acid leaching tank 101 of the volute acid leaching mechanism 100, an assembly port is configured on the mounting seat 201, a first connection flange 203 is configured at the upper end of the assembly shell 202, and the first connection flange 203 is detachably mounted at the lower end of the assembly port, a second connection flange 209 is configured at the upper end of the filter cartridge 208, the lower part of the filter cartridge 208 passes through the assembly port and extends into the assembly shell 202, and the second connection flange 209 at the upper end of the filter cartridge 208 is detachably connected to the mounting seat 201. In this embodiment, a slag discharge joint 206 is connected to the peripheral wall of the assembly shell 202, and a slag discharge valve 207 is installed on the slag discharge joint 206; a slag discharge port 211 is opened on the filter cylinder 208, and the slag discharge port 211 is connected to the slag discharge joint 206. A liquid guide seat 210 is installed on the upper part of the filter cylinder 208 to facilitate the acidic leaching liquid to flow into the filter cylinder 208 and prevent liquid splashing. A flow collecting bucket 204 is constructed at the lower end of the assembly shell 202, and a liquid discharge pipe 205 is constructed at the lower end of the flow collecting bucket 204. The liquid discharge pipe 205 is connected to the inlet end of the pressure pump 300.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Fig.10 , 11As shown, the gas explosion centrifugal extractor 400 is an improvement based on the existing centrifugal extractor to improve the extraction efficiency and adapt to the extraction of large flow of leachate. Specifically, the gas explosion centrifugal extractor 400 includes a casing 401 and a drum 402, the drum 402 is coaxially assembled in the casing 401, the first liquid phase inlet joint 403 and the second liquid phase inlet joint 404 are symmetrically connected to the casing 401, and a drainage shell is detachably connected to the upper end of the casing 401, and a light phase discharge joint 405 and a heavy phase discharge joint 406 are constructed on the drainage shell, and the heavy phase discharge joint 406 is higher than the light phase discharge joint 405. In this embodiment, a transmission shaft 407 is coaxially rotatably connected to the drainage shell, and a stirring blade 416 is connected to the lower end of the transmission shaft 407, and the lower end of the stirring blade 416 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the baffle plate 409, and the axis of the baffle plate 409 coincides with the axis of the transmission shaft 407. A transfer shaft 408 coinciding with the axis of the baffle plate 409 is formed at the lower end thereof, and the transfer shaft 408 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the housing 401. In this embodiment, a main air intake passage 410 is provided in the transfer shaft 408, a plurality of air intake branch passages 411 are formed in the baffle plate 409, and these air intake branch passages 411 are all connected to the main air intake passage 410, a plurality of air intake holes 412 are evenly formed at the lower end of the baffle plate 409, and these air intake holes 412 are respectively connected to the corresponding air intake branch passages 411, and an exhaust passage 415 connected to the outside is formed on the transmission shaft 407. In this embodiment, high-pressure gas is distributed to each intake branch channel 411 through the main intake channel 410, and then evenly distributed to each intake hole 412, and finally ejected at the lower part of the baffle plate 409. The acidic leaching liquid and the extract enter between the housing 401 and the drum 402 through the first liquid phase inlet joint 403 and the second liquid phase inlet respectively, and are mixed at the lower position of the baffle plate 409. After the high-pressure gas enters this area, under the action of centrifugal force, the bubbles burst and shock waves are generated, thereby causing the two liquid phases to be more violently disturbed, achieving the purpose of fully mixing and extracting the two liquid phases. The two mixed liquid phases enter the drum 402, and the heavy phase and the light phase are separated from each other under the action of centrifugal force, and are discharged through the heavy phase discharge joint 406 and the light phase discharge joint 405 respectively. In this embodiment, the center of the lower end of the baffle plate 409 is convex downward, so that the lower end surface of the baffle plate 409 forms a guide cone 413; a plurality of swirl blades 414 are configured on the lower end surface of the baffle plate 409, and these swirl blades 414 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the baffle plate 409. In this embodiment, due to the arrangement of the guide cone 413, the diameter of the mixing area increases from the inside to the outside, so that the intersection area of ​​the two liquid phases gradually increases, and the mixing is more complete under the impact of the bursting bubbles, and the gas in the drum 402 is discharged through the exhaust channel 415.Furthermore, due to the use of the swirl blades 414, when the baffle plate 409 is driven to rotate, the swirl blades 414 perform swirl disturbance on the two liquid phases, thereby promoting the mixing of the two liquid phases and improving the extraction effect.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 12-14As shown, the powder supply mechanism includes an adapter frame 500 and a plurality of feeding units 600. The adapter frame 500 includes an annular mounting rod 501, on which a plurality of fixing sleeves 502 are detachably mounted, each fixing sleeve 502 is connected to a vertical connecting arm 503, each connecting arm 503 is connected to the frame, and the axis of the annular mounting rod 501 coincides with the axis of the acid leaching tank 101. The plurality of feeding units 600 of this embodiment are installed on the annular mounting rod 501 at intervals along the circumference of the annular mounting rod 501, and the discharge end of each feeding unit 600 extends radially inward and obliquely downward along the acid leaching tank 101. The specific structure of the feeding unit 600 of this embodiment is that the feeding unit 600 includes a guide barrel 601, an assembly rod 607 and a driving motor 609, the assembly rod 607 is rotatably mounted in the guide barrel 601, and the assembly rod 607 coincides with the axis of the guide barrel 601. In this embodiment, a feed connector 610 and an adapter ear 611 are constructed on the material guide barrel 601, and a connecting sleeve 612 is constructed on the adapter ear 611. The connecting sleeve 612 is sleeved on the annular mounting rod 501, and a plurality of larger locking screws are threadedly connected to the connecting sleeve 612, and each locking screw is fastened to the annular mounting rod 501. In this embodiment, the locking screws are loosened to release the connection between the connecting sleeve 612 and the annular mounting rod 501, and then the inclination of the material guide barrel 601 and / or the circumferential position of the material guide barrel 601 along the annular mounting rod 501 are adjusted. After the adjustment is completed, the locking screws are tightened. In this embodiment, a strip-shaped discharge nozzle 602 is configured at the lower end of the guide barrel 601, and the strip-shaped discharge nozzle 602 extends from one end to the other end along the axial direction of the guide barrel 601. The strip-shaped discharge nozzle 602 has a strip-shaped discharge opening 603, and the strip-shaped discharge opening 603 extends from one end to the other end along the axial direction of the strip-shaped discharge nozzle 602. The diameter of the strip-shaped discharge opening 603 gradually decreases vertically downward, and the diameter of the strip-shaped discharge opening 603 gradually decreases radially inwardly along the acid leaching tank 101. In this embodiment, a guide blade 608 is installed on the assembly rod 607, and the guide blade 608 extends spirally along the axis of the guide barrel 601. One end of the assembly rod 607 is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 609.In this embodiment, the powder enters the guide barrel 601 through the feed connector 610. At the same time, the driving motor 609 drives the guide blade 608 to rotate through the assembly rod 607, so that the powder moves along the axial direction of the guide barrel 601. During the movement of the powder, the powder is discharged through the strip discharge port 603 of the strip discharge nozzle 602, and the discharge amount of the powder gradually decreases inwardly along the radial direction of the acid leaching tank 101, so that the input amount of the powder decreases inwardly along the extension direction of the acid leaching channel 102, ensuring that the acid leaching liquid is discharged according to its flow direction. The powder is gradually mixed and dissolved in the direction of movement, that is, the powder with a larger amount of input at the outer position of the acid leaching channel 102 gradually moves inward with the acid leaching solution, and the movement distance is longer, thereby ensuring that the powder of this dose can be fully mixed and leached, and the powder with a smaller amount of input is close to the inner position of the acid leaching channel 102, and the acid leaching solution carries this part of the powder for a shorter distance, thereby ensuring that this part of the powder is fully mixed and leached; in this way, multi-point feeding of the powder is achieved, and the effect of continuous mixing and leaching is achieved, thereby improving the effect and efficiency of leaching. In this embodiment, the interval between the feeding points of the powder is adjusted by adjusting the relative positions of the multiple feeding units 600 and / or the inclination of the feeding units 600, and ensuring that the powder can fully enter the acid leaching channel 102, thereby avoiding the situation where the powder cannot smoothly enter the acid leaching channel 102 due to interference from external factors (such as airflow). In this embodiment, the caliber of the strip-shaped discharge port 603 can be adjusted, and then the supply amount of the powder can be adjusted to ensure sufficient acid leaching of the powder. Specifically, rubber inflation walls 604 are respectively fixed on the two side walls of the strip-shaped discharge port 603, and an inflation cavity 605 is formed between the rubber inflation wall 604 and the corresponding side wall of the strip-shaped discharge port 603. An air guide joint 606 is constructed at one end of the strip-shaped discharge nozzle 602, and both inflation cavities 605 are connected to the air guide joint 606. In this embodiment, the pressurized gas is synchronously introduced into the two inflation cavities 605 through the air guide joint 606, so that the two rubber inflation walls 604 gradually approach each other, and then the discharge caliber of the strip-shaped discharge port 603 is adjusted to achieve the purpose of adjusting the discharging amount of the divided materials.

[0025] The present invention also discloses a method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium, comprising the following steps: Step 1. The acidic leaching solution is introduced into the volute acid leaching mechanism 100 at a predetermined flow rate, and the acidic leaching solution flows through the volute acid leaching mechanism 100 in a volute shape; Step 2. Continuously supply the powdered material to the powder supply mechanism, and control the operation of the powder supply mechanism, so that the powder supply mechanism continuously supplies the powdered material to the volute pickling mechanism 100; Step 3. The leachate enters the filter mechanism 200, and the pressure pump 300 is controlled to pump the leachate in the filter mechanism 200 into the gas explosion centrifugal extractor 400; Step 4. Control the gas explosion centrifugal extractor 400 to operate, pressurize the extract and gas and transport them to the gas explosion centrifugal extractor 400, and centrifuge the leaching liquid and the extract after mixing in the gas explosion centrifugal extractor 400; Step 5. respectively collecting the nickel sulfate solution and the raffinate after extraction; Step 6. Evaporate the nickel sulfate solution to crystallize; evaporate the raffinate to crystallize to obtain a crystallization mother liquor for recovering lithium carbonate.

[0026] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium, characterized in that: The invention comprises a powder supply mechanism and a gas explosion type centrifugal extractor which are respectively arranged above and below the volute acid leaching mechanism. A filtering mechanism is installed at the center of the volute acid leaching mechanism. The liquid outlet end of the filtering mechanism is connected with the gas explosion type centrifugal extractor through a pressure pump.

2. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volute pickling mechanism comprises a circular pickling tank with a gradually downwardly concave middle portion, a pickling flow channel in the form of a spiral line is formed in the pickling tank, an acid liquid inlet joint is constructed on the pickling tank and at the outer end of the pickling flow channel, and the filtering mechanism is installed at the center of the pickling tank and is connected to the inner end of the pickling flow channel.

3. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of flow spoilers are arranged in the acid leaching channel. The flow spoilers are arranged at intervals along the acid leaching channel. The lower end of each flow spoiler is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the acid leaching channel. The height of the flow spoiler is not higher than 1 / 4 of the total height of the acid leaching channel at the corresponding position.

4. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spoiler baffle comprises a first baffle body with a rectangular cross section, a second baffle body with a triangular cross section, or a third baffle body with two arcuate surfaces, the upper end of the second baffle body has a jump flow angle, the angle of the jump flow angle is 90°-135°, the two arcuate surfaces of the third baffle body are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the acidic leachate, and the upper ends of the two arcuate surfaces are connected to each other.

5. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 2, characterized in that: The powder supply mechanism includes an annular mounting rod connected to a frame through a plurality of connecting arms, the axis of the annular mounting rod coincides with the axis of the acid leaching tank, a plurality of feeding units are installed on the annular mounting rod at intervals along its circumference, and the discharge end of each feeding unit extends radially along the acid leaching tank.

6. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 5, characterized in that: The feeding unit includes an assembly rod coaxially rotatably installed in the material guide barrel, a transfer ear is constructed on the material guide barrel, and the transfer ear is connected to the annular mounting rod via a connecting sleeve constructed thereon, and a strip discharge port is constructed at the lower end of the material guide barrel, and the strip discharge port extends from one end to the other end of the material guide barrel along the axial direction, and the diameter of the strip discharge port gradually decreases vertically downward and radially inward along the acid leaching tank, and a material guide blade spirally extending along the axis of the material guide barrel is installed on the assembly rod, and one end of the assembly rod is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the drive motor.

7. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 6, characterized in that: A rubber inflation wall is fixed on the two side walls of the strip-shaped discharge port, and an inflation cavity is formed between the rubber inflation wall and the corresponding side wall of the strip-shaped discharge port. Both inflation cavities are connected to an air guide joint constructed at one end of the strip-shaped discharge port.

8. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtering mechanism includes a mounting seat installed at the center of the volute acid leaching mechanism, an assembly port is constructed on the mounting seat, the upper end of the assembly shell is detachably mounted at the lower end of the assembly port, the filter cartridge extends into the assembly shell through the assembly port, and the upper end of the filter cartridge is connected to the mounting seat, a slag discharge joint is connected to the peripheral wall of the assembly shell, a slag discharge valve is installed on the slag discharge joint, a slag discharge port connected to the slag discharge joint is opened on the filter cartridge, and a liquid discharge pipe is constructed at the lower end of the assembly shell, and the liquid discharge pipe is connected to the inlet end of the pressure pump.

9. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas explosion centrifugal extractor includes a drum coaxially assembled in a casing, a first liquid phase inlet joint and a second liquid phase inlet joint are symmetrically connected to the casing, a drain shell is detachably connected to the upper end of the casing, a light phase discharge joint and a heavy phase discharge joint are constructed on the drain shell, the heavy phase discharge joint is higher than the light phase discharge joint, a transmission shaft is coaxially rotatably connected to the drain shell, the transmission shaft is coaxially connected to a baffle plate via a stirring blade, the baffle plate is rotatably connected to the lower end of the casing via a transfer shaft coaxially connected thereto, a total air intake channel connected to an air intake branch channel constructed in the baffle plate is provided in the transfer shaft, a plurality of air intake holes respectively connected to the air intake branch channels are evenly provided at the lower end of the baffle plate, and an exhaust channel connected to the outside is provided on the transmission shaft.

10. A method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1. The acidic leaching solution is introduced into the volute acid leaching mechanism at a predetermined flow rate, and the acidic leaching solution flows through the volute acid leaching mechanism in a volute shape; Step 2. Continuously supply the powdered material to the powder supply mechanism, and control the action of the powder supply mechanism, so that the powder supply mechanism continuously supplies the powdered material to the volute pickling mechanism; Step 3. The leachate enters the filter mechanism, and the pressure pump is controlled to pump the leachate in the filter mechanism into the gas explosion centrifugal extractor; Step 4. Control the operation of the gas explosion centrifugal extractor to pressurize and transport the extract and gas to the gas explosion centrifugal extractor respectively, and the leaching liquid and the extract are mixed in the gas explosion centrifugal extractor and then centrifuged; Step 5. respectively collecting the nickel sulfate solution and the raffinate after extraction; Step 6. Evaporate the nickel sulfate solution to crystallize; evaporate the raffinate to crystallize to obtain a crystallization mother liquor for recovering lithium carbonate.

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