Meat duck breast muscle fat content estimation method and application

Abstract

The invention relates to a meat duck breast muscle fat content estimation method and application. The invention relates to the field of breeding, in particular to a meat duck breast muscle fat content estimation method which comprises the following steps: establishing a corresponding relation between the breast muscle fat content and live weight, keel length, breast corner and breast muscle thickness; the live weight, the keel length, the chest corner and the chest muscle thickness of the meat duck to be measured are obtained; according to the live weight, the keel length, the chest angle, the chest muscle thickness and the corresponding relation of the meat duck to be detected, the chest muscle fat content of the meat duck to be detected is obtained. After the corresponding relation is established once, the breast muscle fat content of the meat duck to be detected can be obtained according to the corresponding relation only by testing living body indexes such as live weight, keel length, breast angle and breast muscle thickness of the meat duck in the subsequent testing process, the meat duck to be detected does not need to be slaughtered, and in the breeding work, when the breast muscle fat content of the meat duck to be detected just meets the requirement, the meat duck to be detected is detected. To-be-detected meat ducks can be reserved for breeding, so that the breeding efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of breeding technology, and in particular to a method for estimating the fat content of breast muscles of meat ducks and its application. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of people's living standards, consumers' demand for meat products has gradually shifted from quantity to quality, and meat quality has received more and more attention. Meat quality is a comprehensive trait, mainly including taste, aroma, texture and color. Among the many factors that affect meat quality, meat flavor is an important indicator for evaluating meat quality. Among them, muscle fat content has a significant impact on the flavor of poultry meat. Studies have shown that intramuscular fat (IMF) is a precursor substance for the production of volatile flavor substances in muscles. On the one hand, intramuscular fat can improve the tenderness and juiciness of meat and make the meat more palatable. On the other hand, when adipose tissue is heated, the fat-soluble flavor substances in fat cells release volatile substances and produce aroma, which is the main source of meat flavor. The content of muscle fat and the degree of processing have a certain impact on the flavor of meat. The taste is best when the intramuscular fat content is in the range of 2% to 3%, and too high or too low will affect the taste. Therefore, breeding poultry varieties with appropriate intramuscular fat content is the goal pursued by breeders.

[0003] The determination of intramuscular fat content in poultry muscles usually involves slaughtering the poultry first, collecting the breast muscle tissue, and then using the national standard Soxhlet extraction method for determination. Poultry need to be slaughtered, so excellent individuals cannot be directly selected, and breeding poultry cannot directly pass on excellent traits to offspring, which is not conducive to breeding. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a method for estimating the fat content of breast muscles of meat ducks and its application, so as to provide a method for estimating the fat content of breast muscles of meat ducks without slaughtering, which is convenient for breeding.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for estimating the fat content of breast muscle of a duck, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Establish the corresponding relationship between breast muscle fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness;

[0007] Obtain the live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness of the meat duck to be tested;

[0008] The breast muscle fat content of the tested duck is obtained according to the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and the corresponding relationship of the tested duck.

[0009] By establishing a corresponding relationship between breast muscle fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, the breast muscle fat content of the duck to be tested can be obtained according to the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and the corresponding relationship of the duck to be tested. After the corresponding relationship is established once, only the live indicators of the duck, such as live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, need to be tested in subsequent tests, and the breast muscle fat content of the duck to be tested can be obtained according to the corresponding relationship without slaughtering the duck to be tested. In breeding work, when the breast muscle fat content of the duck to be tested just meets the demand, the duck to be tested can be retained for breeding, thereby improving breeding efficiency.

[0010] It should be noted that usually a corresponding relationship needs to be established for a breed of meat ducks, and the corresponding relationships of different meat ducks are usually different. Therefore, when the breeds of meat ducks are different, the corresponding relationship needs to be re-established.

[0011] It should be noted that live weight refers to the weight of the duck after fasting for 6 hours, in grams. Keel length refers to the distance from the front end to the end of the keel on the duck's body surface. The chest angle refers to the angle of the chest on both sides measured at the front edge of the duck's keel using a chest angle meter. The chest muscle thickness refers to the thickness of the duck's chest muscle measured using ultrasonic technology. Specifically, the duck lies flat on its belly, the feathers on the surface of the right chest muscle are pushed aside, and the chest muscle thickness is measured using a veterinary B-ultrasound instrument at 1 / 3 of the front end of the keel and 1 cm from the keel on the right chest muscle. The chest muscle fat content refers to the fat content in every 100g of duck chest muscle tissue, usually determined by Soxhlet extraction.

[0012] In some embodiments, before establishing the corresponding relationship between the pectoral muscle fat content and the live weight, keel length, pectoral angle, and pectoral muscle thickness, the method further includes:

[0013] The live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and breast muscle fat content of several broiler ducks were measured.

[0014] By measuring the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and breast muscle fat content of multiple meat ducks, and establishing the corresponding relationship between breast muscle fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, the corresponding relationship can be established more accurately in a large amount of raw data, thereby improving the accuracy of measuring the breast muscle fat content of the meat duck to be measured. It should be noted that when measuring the breast muscle fat content of multiple meat ducks, that is, in the initial stage of data modeling, it is necessary to slaughter multiple meat ducks to obtain the raw data of the breast muscle fat content of multiple meat ducks.

[0015] In some embodiments, the measuring of the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and breast muscle fat content of multiple meat ducks comprises:

[0016] The live weight and keel length of several meat ducks at 7 weeks of age, the breast angle at 8 weeks of age, the breast muscle thickness and keel length at 9 weeks of age were measured. The fat content of the breast muscle at 9 weeks of age was measured after slaughter.

[0017] Taking the paternal line of Wuqin 10 meat ducks as an example, the live weight and keel length of multiple meat ducks at 7 weeks of age, the breast angle at 8 weeks of age, and the breast muscle thickness and keel length at 9 weeks of age were measured. The fat content of the breast muscle at 9 weeks of age was measured after slaughter to establish a corresponding relationship. This is because 9 weeks of age is the market age of meat ducks, and the meat quality at this age is crucial to consumers. The multiple linear regression model established using these live indicators at 7, 8, and 9 weeks has a higher R value, that is, the model established using these indicators has a higher degree of fit to the actual fat content of the breast muscle.

[0018] In some embodiments, the method for measuring live weight includes weighing the live weight of the duck using an electronic scale with an accuracy of 1 g; and / or,

[0019] The method for measuring the keel length includes measuring the distance from the front end of the keel process to the end of the keel process using a tape measure in cm; and / or,

[0020] The method for measuring the chest angle includes measuring the chest angle on both sides at the front edge of the keel using a chest angle meter; and / or,

[0021] The method for measuring the breast muscle thickness includes using B-ultrasound measurement, with the duck lying flat with its belly facing upward, and the feathers on the surface of the right breast muscle are spread aside. The breast muscle thickness is measured at 1 / 3 of the front end of the keel and 1 cm from the keel of the right breast muscle using a veterinary B-ultrasound instrument; and / or,

[0022] The test method for breast muscle fat content includes measurement using the Soxhlet extraction method.

[0023] In some embodiments, in the establishment of the corresponding relationship between breast fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, the method for establishing the corresponding relationship includes multiple linear regression analysis. The multiple linear regression analysis can find the dependent variable with significant correlation and obtain an equation with a higher R value. It should be noted that when establishing the corresponding relationship between breast fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, when performing the multiple linear regression analysis, the original data includes the relationship between various in vivo measurement indicators of 5-9 week-old meat ducks and the breast fat content of 9 weeks old, and the breast fat content of 9-week-old meat ducks is used as the dependent variable, and the live weight, breast muscle thickness, breast angle, chest width, chest depth, and keel length of 5-9 week-old meat ducks are used as independent variables for multiple linear regression analysis. The analysis results exclude the variables with insignificant influence and then perform stepwise regression, and finally establish an optimal regression equation. Taking the Wuqin 10 broiler duck paternal line as an example, it was found that the live weight and keel length of broiler ducks at 7 weeks of age, the breast angle at 8 weeks of age, the breast muscle thickness and keel length at 9 weeks of age were significantly correlated with the breast muscle fat content, and the R value of the constructed linear regression equation was high.

[0024] In some embodiments, in establishing the correspondence between the pectoral muscle fat content and the live weight, keel length, pectoral angle, and pectoral muscle thickness, the correspondence satisfies:

[0025] Y=k1*X1+k2*X2+k3*X3+k4*X4+k5*X5+b1;

[0026] Where: Y is the fat content of breast muscle at 9 weeks of age;

[0027] k1 is the first coefficient;

[0028] X1 is the chest angle at 8 weeks of age;

[0029] k2 is the second coefficient;

[0030] X2 is the thickness of the pectoral muscle at 9 weeks of age;

[0031] k3 is the third coefficient;

[0032] X3 is the live weight at 7 weeks of age;

[0033] k4 is the fourth coefficient;

[0034] X4 is the keel length at 9 weeks of age;

[0035] k5 is the fifth coefficient;

[0036] X5 is the keel length at 7 weeks of age;

[0037] b1 is the first constant.

[0038] Through linear regression analysis, we can obtain the corresponding relationship between breast muscle fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness. The first coefficient, second coefficient, third coefficient, fourth coefficient, fifth coefficient and the first constant are the values ​​obtained by linear fitting, and there are certain differences in different breeds of meat ducks.

[0039] In some embodiments, the corresponding relationship satisfies:

[0040] Y=0.058X1-2.681X2+0.002X3-0.321X4+0.276X5-3.884.

[0041] Taking the paternal line of Wuqin 10 meat duck as an example, the corresponding relationships are as described above, among which the breast muscle fat content is positively correlated with the breast angle at 8 weeks of age, negatively correlated with the breast muscle thickness at 9 weeks of age, positively correlated with the live weight at 7 weeks of age, negatively correlated with the keel length at 9 weeks of age, and positively correlated with the keel length at 7 weeks of age.

[0042] In some embodiments, the regression coefficient P values ​​of X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 in the corresponding relationship are all less than 0.05, indicating that the correlation between the chest angle at 8 weeks of age, the pectoral muscle thickness at 9 weeks of age, the live weight at 7 weeks of age, the keel length at 9 weeks of age, and the keel length at 7 weeks of age and the pectoral muscle fat content in the regression test are all significant.

[0043] In some embodiments, the correlation coefficient of the corresponding relationship is 0.845, and the adjusted determination coefficient R 2 The value is 0.697, indicating that the linear regression equation of the corresponding relationship has a high degree of fit and can be used to guide the breast muscle fat content of the tested duck.

[0044] In the second aspect, the present application proposes the application of the method for estimating the fat content of breast muscles of meat ducks in meat duck breeding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for estimating the fat content of duck breast muscles in one embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a method for estimating the fat content of duck breast muscles in one embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a method for estimating the fat content of duck breast muscles in one embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Figure 4 The histogram (1) of the standardized residuals and the normal probability plot (2) of the standardized residuals of the method for estimating the fat content of breast muscle of duck in Example 1 of the present application are shown.

[0050] Figure 5 This is a scatter plot of breast muscle fat content of duck breast muscle according to the method for estimating breast muscle fat content in Example 1 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0052] With the improvement of people's living standards, consumers' demand for meat products has gradually shifted from quantity to quality, and meat quality has received more and more attention. Meat quality is a comprehensive trait, mainly including taste, aroma, texture and color. Among the many factors that affect meat quality, meat flavor is an important indicator for evaluating meat quality. Among them, muscle fat content has a significant impact on the flavor of poultry meat. Studies have shown that intramuscular fat (IMF) is a precursor substance for the production of volatile flavor substances in muscles. On the one hand, intramuscular fat can improve the tenderness and juiciness of meat and make the meat more palatable. On the other hand, when adipose tissue is heated, the fat-soluble flavor substances in fat cells release volatile substances and produce aroma, which is the main source of meat flavor. The content of muscle fat and the degree of processing have a certain impact on the flavor of meat. The taste is best when the intramuscular fat content is in the range of 2% to 3%, and too high or too low will affect the taste. Therefore, breeding poultry varieties with appropriate intramuscular fat content is the goal pursued by breeders.

[0053] The determination of intramuscular fat content in poultry muscle usually involves slaughtering poultry first, collecting breast muscle tissue, and then using the national standard Soxhlet extraction method for determination. Poultry needs to be slaughtered, so excellent individuals cannot be directly selected alive, and breeding poultry cannot pass on excellent traits to offspring. Therefore, this method is not suitable for individual selection in poultry breeding, and can only be indirectly selected or evaluated by slaughtering half-siblings or full-siblings. This breeding method has slow breeding progress, so in recent years, with the development of technology, the use of molecular genetic markers for auxiliary selection is an effective means to improve selection efficiency and accelerate genetic progress. In chickens, Wang Yong et al. invented a genetic marker for selecting Baicheng oil chickens with high intramuscular fat content by detecting the polymorphic mutation site G939A in the second exon of the gene H-FABP. In sheep, Xiao Cheng et al. selected sheep individuals with high muscle fat content by detecting different genotype combinations of the 10th exon of the SPARCL1 gene. In addition to molecular markers, in pigs, Ma Yunlong et al. discovered 8 effective triglyceride biomarkers for the selection of high intramuscular fat pigs. The above invention methods all use molecular identification and biomarker identification, which have high detection costs and cannot predict the specific value of muscle fat content.

[0054] In view of this, the present application provides a method for estimating the fat content of the breast muscles of meat ducks and its application, so as to provide a method for estimating the fat content of the breast muscles of meat ducks without slaughtering, which can predict the muscle fat content, facilitate breeding, have high accuracy, and can be better applied to the breeding practice of small and medium-sized meat ducks to accelerate the meat quality breeding process.

[0055] First, as Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a method for estimating the fat content of breast muscle of a duck, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S100, establishing a corresponding relationship between breast muscle fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness;

[0057] S200, obtaining the live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness of the meat duck to be tested;

[0058] S300, obtaining the breast muscle fat content of the meat duck to be tested according to the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and corresponding relationship of the meat duck to be tested.

[0059] By establishing a correspondence between breast muscle fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, the breast muscle fat content of the duck to be tested can be obtained according to the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and the corresponding relationship of the duck to be tested. After the corresponding relationship is established once, only the live indicators of the duck, such as live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, need to be tested in subsequent tests, and the breast muscle fat content of the duck to be tested can be obtained according to the corresponding relationship without slaughtering the duck to be tested. In this way, in some breeding work, when the breast muscle fat content of the duck to be tested just meets the demand, the duck to be tested can be retained for breeding, thereby improving the breeding efficiency.

[0060] It should be noted that usually a corresponding relationship needs to be established for a breed of meat ducks, and the corresponding relationships of different meat ducks are usually different. Therefore, when the breeds of meat ducks are different, the corresponding relationship needs to be re-established.

[0061] It should be noted that live weight refers to the weight of the duck after fasting for 6 hours, in grams. Keel length refers to the distance from the front end to the end of the keel on the duck's body surface. The chest angle refers to the angle of the chest on both sides measured at the front edge of the duck's keel using a chest angle meter. The chest muscle thickness refers to the thickness of the duck's chest muscle measured using ultrasonic technology. Specifically, the duck lies flat on its belly, the feathers on the surface of the right chest muscle are pushed aside, and the chest muscle thickness is measured using a veterinary B-ultrasound instrument at 1 / 3 of the front end of the keel and 1 cm from the keel on the right chest muscle. The chest muscle fat content refers to the fat content in every 100g of duck chest muscle tissue, usually determined by Soxhlet extraction.

[0062] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, such as Figure 2 As shown, before establishing the corresponding relationship between the breast muscle fat content and the live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, the following step is also included:

[0063] S001. Measure the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and breast muscle fat content of multiple meat ducks.

[0064] By measuring the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and breast muscle fat content of multiple meat ducks, and establishing the corresponding relationship between breast muscle fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, the corresponding relationship can be established more accurately in a large amount of raw data, thereby improving the accuracy of measuring the breast muscle fat content of the meat duck to be measured. It should be noted that when measuring the breast muscle fat content of multiple meat ducks, that is, in the initial stage of data modeling, it is necessary to slaughter multiple meat ducks to obtain the raw data of the breast muscle fat content of multiple meat ducks.

[0065] Combined with the first aspect, Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the determination of the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and breast muscle fat content of multiple meat ducks includes:

[0066] S0011. Measure the live weight and keel length of multiple meat ducks at 7 weeks of age, the breast angle at 8 weeks of age, the breast muscle thickness and keel length at 9 weeks of age, and measure the fat content of the breast muscle at 9 weeks of age after slaughter.

[0067] Taking the paternal line of Wuqin 10 meat ducks as an example, the live weight and keel length of multiple meat ducks at 7 weeks of age, the breast angle at 8 weeks of age, and the breast muscle thickness and keel length at 9 weeks of age were measured. The fat content of the breast muscle at 9 weeks of age was measured after slaughter to establish a corresponding relationship. This is because 9 weeks of age is the market age of meat ducks, and the meat quality at this age is crucial to consumers. The multiple linear regression model established using these live indicators at 7, 8, and 9 weeks has a higher R value, that is, the model established using these indicators has a higher degree of fit to the actual fat content of the breast muscle.

[0068] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the method for measuring live weight includes a weighing method, in which the live weight of the meat duck is weighed using an electronic scale with an accuracy of 1 g.

[0069] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the method for measuring the keel length includes measuring the distance from the front end of the keel process to the end of the keel process, using a soft tape measure in cm.

[0070] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the method for measuring the chest angle includes using a chest angle meter to measure the chest angles on both sides at the front edge of the keel.

[0071] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the method for measuring the thickness of the pectoral muscle includes using B-ultrasound measurement, in which the duck lies flat on its belly with its abdomen facing up, the feathers on the surface of the right pectoral muscle are pushed aside, and the thickness of the pectoral muscle is measured using a veterinary B-ultrasound instrument at 1 / 3 of the distance from the front end of the keel and at 1 cm from the keel on the right pectoral muscle.

[0072] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the method for testing the pectoral muscle fat content includes measuring using the Soxhlet extraction method.

[0073] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, in the establishment of the corresponding relationship between breast fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, the method for establishing the corresponding relationship includes a multiple linear regression analysis method. The multiple linear regression analysis method can find the dependent variable with significant correlation and obtain an equation with a higher R value. It should be noted that when establishing the corresponding relationship between breast fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, when performing the multiple linear regression analysis method, the original data includes the relationship between the various in vivo measurement indicators of 5-9 week-old meat ducks and the breast fat content of 9 weeks old, with the breast fat content of 9-week-old meat ducks as the dependent variable, and the live weight, breast thickness, breast angle, chest width, chest depth, and keel length of 5-9 week-old meat ducks as the dependent variables for multiple linear regression analysis, the analysis results exclude the variables with insignificant influence and then perform stepwise regression, and finally establish 1 optimal regression equation. Taking the Wuqin 10 broiler duck paternal line as an example, it was found that the live weight and keel length of broiler ducks at 7 weeks of age, the breast angle at 8 weeks of age, the breast muscle thickness and keel length at 9 weeks of age were significantly correlated with the breast muscle fat content, and the R value of the constructed linear regression equation was high.

[0074] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, in establishing the correspondence between the pectoral muscle fat content and the live weight, keel length, pectoral angle, and pectoral muscle thickness, the correspondence satisfies:

[0075] Y=k1*X1+k2*X2+k3*X3+k4*X4+k5*X5+b1;

[0076] Where: Y is the fat content of breast muscle at 9 weeks of age;

[0077] k1 is the first coefficient;

[0078] X1 is the chest angle at 8 weeks of age;

[0079] k2 is the second coefficient;

[0080] X2 is the thickness of the pectoral muscle at 9 weeks of age;

[0081] k3 is the third coefficient;

[0082] X3 is the live weight at 7 weeks of age;

[0083] k4 is the fourth coefficient;

[0084] X4 is the keel length at 9 weeks of age;

[0085] k5 is the fifth coefficient;

[0086] X5 is the keel length at 7 weeks of age;

[0087] b1 is the first constant.

[0088] Through linear regression analysis, we can obtain the corresponding relationship between breast muscle fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness. The first coefficient, second coefficient, third coefficient, fourth coefficient, fifth coefficient and the first constant are the values ​​obtained by linear fitting, and there are certain differences in different breeds of meat ducks.

[0089] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the corresponding relationship satisfies:

[0090] Y=0.058X1-2.681X2+0.002X3-0.321X4+0.276X5-3.884.

[0091] Taking the paternal line of Wuqin 10 meat duck as an example, the corresponding relationships are as described above, among which the breast muscle fat content is positively correlated with the breast angle at 8 weeks of age, negatively correlated with the breast muscle thickness at 9 weeks of age, positively correlated with the live weight at 7 weeks of age, negatively correlated with the keel length at 9 weeks of age, and positively correlated with the keel length at 7 weeks of age.

[0092] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the regression coefficient P values ​​of X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 in the corresponding relationship are all less than 0.05, indicating that the correlation between the chest angle at 8 weeks of age, the pectoral muscle thickness at 9 weeks of age, the live weight at 7 weeks of age, the keel length at 9 weeks of age, and the keel length at 7 weeks of age and the pectoral muscle fat content in the regression test are all significant.

[0093] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the correlation coefficient of the corresponding relationship is 0.845, and the adjusted determination coefficient R 2 The value is 0.697, indicating that the linear regression equation of the corresponding relationship has a high degree of fit and can be used to guide the breast muscle fat content of the tested duck.

[0094] In the second aspect, the present application proposes the application of the method for estimating the fat content of breast muscles of meat ducks in meat duck breeding.

[0095] By establishing a correspondence between breast muscle fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, the breast muscle fat content of the duck to be tested can be obtained according to the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and the corresponding relationship of the duck to be tested. After the corresponding relationship is established once, only the live indicators of the duck, such as live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, need to be tested in subsequent tests, and the breast muscle fat content of the duck to be tested can be obtained according to the corresponding relationship without slaughtering the duck to be tested. In this way, in some breeding work, when the breast muscle fat content of the duck to be tested just meets the demand, the duck to be tested can be retained for breeding, thereby improving the breeding efficiency.

[0096] The technical solution provided in this application is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and drawings.

[0097] Example 1

[0098] A method for estimating the fat content of breast muscle of a meat duck comprises the following steps:

[0099] The relationship between various in vivo measurement indicators at 5-9 weeks of age and breast muscle fat content at 9 weeks of age was studied in the paternal line of Wuqin 10 meat ducks. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with breast muscle fat content at 9 weeks of age as the dependent variable, and live weight at 5-9 weeks of age, breast muscle thickness, breast angle, chest width, chest depth, and keel length as dependent variables. The analysis results showed that the variables with insignificant effects were eliminated and stepwise regression was performed to finally establish an optimal regression equation.

[0100] The paternal line of Wuqin 10 broiler ducks were raised to 7-9 weeks of age. The live weight and keel length were measured at 7 weeks of age, the breast angle was measured at 8 weeks of age, the breast muscle thickness and keel length were measured at 9 weeks of age, and the breast muscle fat content was measured at slaughter (using the national standard Soxhlet extraction method). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with the breast muscle fat content at 9 weeks of age as the dependent variable Y, and the breast angle at 8 weeks of age X1, breast muscle thickness at 9 weeks of age X2, live weight at 7 weeks of age X3, keel length at 9 weeks of age X4, and keel length at 7 weeks of age X5 as the dependent variables.

[0101] Establish the multiple linear regression equation Y = 0.058X1-2.681X2+0.002X3-0.321X4+0.276X5-3.884; Figure 4 (1) Histogram and standardized residuals Figure 4 (2) From the normal probability plot of the standardized residuals, it can be seen that the residuals generally conform to the normal distribution, and the distribution of the scattered points conforms to the normality condition of linear regression. Figure 5 The scatter plot of pectoral fat content was tested for equal variance. The data points of the scatter plot of regression standardized residuals and standardized predicted values ​​were basically all within ±3 standard deviations, indicating that the overall effect was good and there were no abnormal points. The Durbin-Watson (DW) test value of the equation was 1.883, close to 2, which met the linear regression independence condition. The model P value test value reached a significant level (P<0.05), indicating that the constructed regression model was statistically significant. After the t test, the regression coefficient P values ​​of 8-week-old chest angle X1, 9-week-old chest muscle thickness X2, 7-week-old live weight X3, 9-week-old keel length X4 and 7-week-old keel length X5 were all less than 0.05, and the regression test was significant.

[0102] The multiple correlation coefficient R value of the model is 0.845, and the adjusted determination coefficient R2 value is 0.697, and the equation has a high degree of fit. The specific parameters of the linear relationship are shown in Table 1.

[0103] Table 1 Specific parameters of the multiple linear regression equation

[0104]

[0105] According to the multiple linear regression equation Y=0.058X1-2.681X2+0.002X3-0.321X4+0.276X5-3.884, 20 roosters and 20 hens of the Wuqin 10 broiler duck paternal line were tested, and their breast muscle fat content was tested according to the multiple linear regression equation. The specific data are shown in Table 2.

[0106] Table 2 Test data of 20 male ducks and 20 female ducks raised to 7-9 weeks of age

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] After establishing the multiple linear regression equation, the method for estimating the breast muscle fat content of meat ducks in the present application does not need to slaughter the poultry for the meat ducks to be tested. It only needs to measure several body size traits in vivo and establish a mathematical model to predict the intramuscular fat content of the breast muscle. The correlation coefficient between the fitting results and the measured results of this method is as high as 0.845, the accuracy is high, and the breeding efficiency is significantly improved.

[0110] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment / method", "some embodiments / methods", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment / method or example are included in at least one embodiment / method or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment / method or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments / methods or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments / methods or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments / methods or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0111] It should be noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or equipment. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment including the elements. In the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically stipulated.

[0112] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features applied for herein.

Claims

1. A method for estimating the fat content of breast muscle of a meat duck, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Establish the corresponding relationship between breast muscle fat content and live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness; Obtain the live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness of the meat duck to be tested; The breast muscle fat content of the meat duck to be tested is obtained according to the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and the corresponding relationship of the meat duck to be tested.

2. The method for estimating the fat content of duck breast muscle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before establishing the corresponding relationship between the breast muscle fat content and the live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, the following steps are also included: The live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and breast muscle fat content of several broiler ducks were measured.

3. The method for estimating the fat content of duck breast muscle as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The method of measuring the live weight, keel length, breast angle, breast muscle thickness and breast muscle fat content of multiple meat ducks comprises: The live weight and keel length of several meat ducks at 7 weeks of age, the breast angle at 8 weeks of age, the breast muscle thickness and keel length at 9 weeks of age were measured. The fat content of the breast muscle at 9 weeks of age was measured after slaughter.

4. The method for estimating the fat content of duck breast muscle as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Live weight measurement methods include weighing; and / or, The method for measuring the keel length includes measuring the distance from the front end of the keel process to the end of the keel process; and / or, The method for measuring the chest angle includes measuring the chest angle on both sides at the front edge of the keel using a chest angle meter; and / or, The method of measuring the thickness of the pectoral muscle includes using B-ultrasound measurement; and / or, The test method for breast muscle fat content includes measurement using the Soxhlet extraction method.

5. The method for estimating the fat content of duck breast muscle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In establishing the correspondence between the breast muscle fat content and the live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, the method for establishing the correspondence includes a multiple linear regression analysis method.

6. The method for estimating the fat content of duck breast muscle according to claim 5, characterized in that: In establishing the correspondence between the breast muscle fat content and the live weight, keel length, breast angle, and breast muscle thickness, the correspondence satisfies: Y=k1*X1+k2*X2+k3*X3+k4*X4+k5*X5+b1; Where: Y is the fat content of breast muscle at 9 weeks of age; k1 is the first coefficient; X1 is the chest angle at 8 weeks of age; k2 is the second coefficient; X2 is the thickness of the pectoral muscle at 9 weeks of age; k3 is the third coefficient; X3 is the live weight at 7 weeks of age; k4 is the fourth coefficient; X4 is the keel length at 9 weeks of age; k5 is the fifth coefficient; X5 is the keel length at 7 weeks of age; b1 is the first constant.

7. The method for estimating the fat content of duck breast muscle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The corresponding relationship satisfies: Y=0.058X1-2.681X2+0.002X3-0.321X4+0.276X5-3.

884.

8. The method for estimating the fat content of duck breast muscle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The regression coefficient P values ​​of X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 in the corresponding relationship are all less than 0.

05.

9. The method for estimating the fat content of duck breast muscle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The correlation coefficient of the corresponding relationship is 0.

845.

10. Use of the method for estimating the fat content of breast muscle of a broiler duck according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in breeding of broiler ducks.

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