Light-electricity-cold-storage multi-energy flow system of plant factory and regulation and control method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-energy fusion control. The light-electricity-cold-storage multi-energy flow system of the plant factory comprises a solar photocell module, a storage battery module, an air conditioning module, an energy storage module, an agricultural environment module and a regulation and control module, and the regulation and control module comprises an intelligent control subsystem. The intelligent control subsystem is used for controlling the actual operation conditions of the solar photocell module, the storage battery module, the air conditioning module, the energy storage module and the agricultural environment module, and providing illumination, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and humidity conditions for the growth of crops. Electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic panel is stored in the storage battery, unstable electric energy caused by factors such as time and weather and flowing into the photovoltaic panel is stabilized and conveyed to the steam compression type temperature control system, and the problem of low efficiency caused by the fact that a refrigeration (heat pump) unit works under non-design working conditions for a long time is solved. The working efficiency of the system is improved, and the multi-energy control precision of the whole plant factory is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of multi-energy fusion control technology, and in particular to a light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system and a control method for a plant factory. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background art related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] A plant factory is a system that uses modern agricultural technology and facilities to produce plants under highly controlled environmental conditions. By adjusting factors such as light, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and nutrient solution, uninterrupted crop production can be achieved throughout the year, maximizing crop yield and quality. However, although plant factories can achieve cross-time planting of crops by controlling environmental conditions, they usually rely on a large amount of electricity to maintain light and temperature, which poses certain challenges to energy efficiency and cost. Although plant factories can save water resources and reduce the use of pesticides, carbon emissions and other environmental impacts caused by high energy consumption still need to be further optimized. Building a plant factory and designing an energy-saving and economical energy management system for it is of great significance to reduce the operating costs of plant factories, improve resource utilization efficiency, and enhance market competitiveness.

[0004] The inventors found in their research that solar energy is widely distributed, easy to obtain, requires little investment and has great returns, making it an ideal renewable energy source. However, it is easily affected by weather and seasons, and shows strong temporal volatility and seasonal differences. Such volatility and differences often make it difficult for subsequent energy utilization systems, especially thermal circulation systems, to operate at rated conditions, resulting in a decrease in work efficiency. The specific requirements inside the plant factory vary depending on the day and night and the seasons. If there is no intelligent agricultural building environment adjustment system that can match the changes in time and seasons, not only will a large amount of manpower be invested, but it will also have an adverse effect on the growth status of crops. Daytime is the main operating time of the plant factory, and the electricity consumption time easily overlaps with the peak time of the urban power grid, weakening the economy of the plant factory. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system and control method for a plant factory, which stores the electric energy generated by solar photovoltaic panels in batteries, and smoothly transmits the unstable electric energy flowing from the photovoltaic panels due to time, weather and other factors to the steam compression temperature control system, thereby avoiding the problem of low efficiency caused by the refrigeration (heat pump) unit working under non-design conditions for a long time, and improving the working efficiency of the system. .

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system for a plant factory.

[0008] A light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system for a plant factory, comprising: a solar photovoltaic cell module, a battery module, an air conditioning module, an energy storage module, an agricultural environment module and a control module;

[0009] Solar photovoltaic cell modules, including a plurality of photovoltaic panels installed on the roof of the plant factory, are used to capture solar energy that is directed to the roof of the plant factory during the day and convert it into electrical energy;

[0010] The battery module is used to store the electricity produced by the solar photovoltaic module and draw the electricity from the city power grid during off-peak hours;

[0011] Air conditioning module, including a vapor compression temperature control subsystem and a dehumidification subsystem, used to adjust the indoor temperature and humidity for the plant factory according to the time;

[0012] The energy storage module includes a fresh air box and an enclosure energy storage board. The fresh air box contains phase change energy storage materials and a fresh air channel, which is used to store the cold released by the vapor compression temperature control subsystem and bear the cold load or heat load brought by the fresh air. The enclosure energy storage board is loaded with phase change materials and installed around the plant factory. It absorbs and releases heat through phase change and bears the cold load and heat load that enters the plant factory through the enclosure structure during the day.

[0013] An agricultural environment module, including a gas tank and a sunlight lamp, for adjusting the growth environment of crops grown in the factory, the growth environment including the carbon dioxide concentration in the air and the light intensity;

[0014] The control module includes an intelligent control subsystem, which is used to control the actual operation of the solar photovoltaic module, battery module, air conditioning module, energy storage module, and agricultural environment module to provide light, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and humidity conditions for the growth of crops.

[0015] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the intelligent control subsystem adopts different adjustment methods according to different seasons and day and night, including:

[0016] During the daytime in summer, the energy storage module uses the cold energy stored the previous night to carry the heat load of the enclosure structure. The solar photovoltaic module absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy and stores it in the battery module. The battery module provides electrical energy for the air conditioning module, agricultural environment module and control module, carries the heat and humidity load of fresh air, and adjusts the crop growth environment. According to the power consumption of the battery, it decides whether to use the power supply of the city power grid to supplement the electricity.

[0017] At night in summer, the solar photovoltaic module stops working, and the battery uses the valley electricity of the city grid to store electricity, and uses the valley electricity to store cold energy for the energy storage module. If there is still a heat load demand indoors at this time, the valley electricity of the grid will also provide heating for the indoors;

[0018] At night in winter, the energy storage module uses the heat energy stored during the day to carry the cold load of the enclosure structure. The city grid directly provides power to the air conditioning module, agricultural environment module and control module to carry the fresh air cold load, adjust the crop growth environment, and use the power supply of the city grid to replenish the battery.

[0019] During the daytime in winter, the solar photovoltaic module absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy and stores it in the battery module. The battery uses the electrical energy stored the night before to provide electricity for the air conditioning module, agricultural environment module and control module, carrying the fresh air cooling load and regulating the crop growth environment.

[0020] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the vapor compression temperature control subsystem includes: an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and a throttle valve connected in sequence through a working fluid pipeline to form a vapor compression temperature control loop.

[0021] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the fresh air box is a three-layer structure, the outermost layer is a fresh air channel connected to the fresh air outlet of the plant factory, the innermost layer is a circulating water pipeline connected to the cold / hot water unit of the steam compression temperature control subsystem, and the middle layer is a phase change material storage plate;

[0022] The cold / heat energy produced by the vapor compression temperature control subsystem enters the fresh air box through the circulating water pipe and is captured and stored by the phase change material. The enclosure energy storage plate is a thin plate structure filled with phase change material and encapsulated in a high-density polyethylene flat container. It is placed on the surface of the enclosure structure inside the plant factory and bears the cold load or heat load entering the plant factory through the enclosure structure.

[0023] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the gas tank contains compressed carbon dioxide gas, which is used to provide material supply for the photosynthesis of the plant according to the illumination of the fluorescent lamp and the operating rules of the plant itself. The fluorescent lamp radiates simulated natural light or filtered light according to seasonal changes and actual needs.

[0024] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the dehumidification subsystem is located between the fresh air inlet and the fresh air box, and includes a dehumidification bypass, a liquid absorber, an electric heater and a bypass valve. When the air humidity inside the plant factory is greater than the set threshold, the bypass valve opens, and the fresh air enters the liquid absorber through the dehumidification bypass and enters the fresh air box after dehumidification. The liquid absorber is a container containing liquid dehumidifier or hygroscopic material. When the dehumidification bypass is in a closed state, the electric heater is turned on to dissociate the water adsorbed in the dehumidifier.

[0025] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the intelligent control subsystem detects indoor carbon dioxide concentration, humidity and light intensity, and when it is detected that the carbon dioxide concentration in the air inside the plant factory decreases, the carbon dioxide in the gas tank is released to replenish the carbon dioxide in the air inside the plant factory; otherwise, the fresh air system is turned on to reduce it;

[0026] When the intelligent control subsystem detects that the solar illumination outside the plant factory is insufficient, it adjusts the operating power of the illumination lamp to provide appropriate supplementary light inside the plant factory to ensure the normal growth of the plants;

[0027] When it is detected that the fresh air humidity is higher than the tolerance range of the plants, the intelligent control subsystem turns on the dehumidification bypass, otherwise, it turns on the drip irrigation equipment inside the plant factory to replenish water for the plants.

[0028] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for regulating a light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of a plant factory.

[0029] A control method of a light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of a plant factory, using the light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of a plant factory described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprises the following process:

[0030] Obtain status data of solar photovoltaic modules, battery modules, air conditioning modules, energy storage modules and agricultural environment modules;

[0031] Based on the acquired status data, multi-objective optimization is carried out to control each module with the aim of maximizing economic benefits, maximizing solar energy utilization efficiency, maximizing energy storage efficiency, maximizing energy utilization efficiency of air conditioning modules and agricultural environment modules, and maximizing environmental friendliness.

[0032] As a further limitation of the second aspect of the present invention, maximizing economic benefits includes: Among them, C E (t) is the energy cost, V(t) is the output cost, T is the scheduling period, C E (t) = C grid (t)P grid (t)+C op (t), where C grid (t) is the grid electricity price at time t, P grid (t) is the power obtained from the grid, C op (t) is the maintenance cost of the system at time t;

[0033] Maximize solar energy efficiency, including: η PV (t) is the power generation frequency of the solar photovoltaic module, P PV (t) is the actual power generation;

[0034] Maximize energy storage efficiency, including: in,

[0035] η charge (t) is the charging efficiency of the energy storage module, η discharge (t) is the discharge efficiency of the energy storage module, P charge (t) is the charging power of the energy storage module, P discharge (t) is the discharge power of the energy storage module.

[0036] As a further limitation of the second aspect of the present invention, the air conditioning module and the agricultural environment module maximize energy efficiency, including: Among them, η AC (t) is the utilization rate of the air conditioning module, η AE (t) is the utilization efficiency of the agricultural environment module, P AC (t) is the power of the air conditioning module, P AE (t) is the power of the agricultural environment module;

[0037] Maximize environmental friendliness, including: Among them, e(t) is the carbon emission intensity factor, P total (t) is the total power consumed at time t.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. In view of the high energy consumption and high emission caused by large amount of electricity consumption and cold / hot air consumption in plant factories, the present invention proposes a solution to reduce energy consumption and save costs by using renewable energy. Taking advantage of the characteristics of solar energy that is widely distributed, easy to obtain, with low investment and high returns, the present invention sets solar photovoltaic panels on the outer surface of the plant factory to reduce the grid electricity consumption of the plant factory. At the same time, by setting up batteries, the electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic panels is stored in the batteries, and the unstable electric energy caused by time, weather and other factors that flows into the photovoltaic panels is smoothly transmitted to the steam compression refrigeration (heat pump) system, thereby avoiding the low efficiency problem caused by the refrigeration (heat pump) unit working under non-design conditions for a long time, and improving the working efficiency of the system.

[0040] 2. In response to the problem of changes in the environmental requirements of agricultural buildings inside plant factories due to changes in day and night and seasons, the present invention proposes an intelligent multi-energy flow system control solution. Based on the changes in cold load or heat load and input energy caused by day / night and seasonal changes, combined with the carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity required for crop growth, a set of time-divided and seasonal control modes are designed, which use solar energy and grid power supply in a complementary manner to provide electricity for plant factories; multi-objective optimization is performed with the aim of maximizing economic benefits, maximizing solar energy utilization efficiency, maximizing energy storage efficiency, maximizing energy utilization efficiency of air conditioning modules and agricultural environment modules, and maximizing environmental friendliness, and each module is controlled to further improve the control accuracy.

[0041] 3. In view of the problem that the electricity demand of plant factories overlaps with the peak electricity demand in cities to a large extent, the present invention proposes a multi-energy storage type peak-shifting electricity solution. The present invention utilizes the energy storage methods of phase change materials for heat / cold storage and battery storage to store electricity during off-peak hours in cities and release it with a delayed release, thus avoiding the peak electricity demand in cities, saving electricity costs, and having good economic benefits.

[0042] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of a plant factory provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the basic structure of a vapor compression refrigeration (heat pump) subsystem provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the new air box provided by the present invention;

[0047] Among them: 1-solar photovoltaic cell module; 2-battery module; 3-air conditioning module; 301-vapor compression refrigeration (heat pump) subsystem; 3011-evaporator; 3012-compressor; 3013-condenser; 3014-throttle valve; 3015-refrigeration medium pipeline; 3016-cooling water pipeline; 3017-cold water pipeline; 302-dehumidification subsystem; 4-energy storage module; 401-fresh air box; 4011-fresh air channel; 4012-phase change material storage board; 4013-circulating water pipeline; 402-enclosure energy storage board; 5-agricultural environment module; 501-gas tank; 502-fluorescent lamp; 6-control module; 601-circulating water system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0049] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0050] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0051] Embodiment 1:

[0052] In this implementation, a light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system for a plant factory is proposed. Figure 1 As shown, it includes a solar photovoltaic cell module 1, a battery module 2, an air conditioning module 3, an energy storage module 4, an agricultural environment module 5 and a control module 6. The solar photovoltaic cell module 1 is connected to the battery module 2 through a wire, and uses daytime solar energy to power the battery module 2. The battery module 2 is connected to the air conditioning module 3 and the agricultural environment module 5 to provide them with electricity; the vapor compression refrigeration (heat pump) subsystem 301 in the air conditioning module 3 is connected to the energy storage module 4 through a circulating water pipeline 601, and the dehumidification subsystem 302 is placed between the air supply port and the fresh air box 401.

[0053] In this implementation, preferably, the gas tank 501 contains compressed carbon dioxide gas, which is used to provide material supply for plant photosynthesis according to the illumination of the fluorescent lamp and the plant's own operating rules. The fluorescent lamp radiates simulated natural light or filtered light according to seasonal changes and actual needs.

[0054] In this implementation, preferably, the intelligent control subsystem can detect indoor carbon dioxide concentration, humidity and light intensity. When it is detected that the carbon dioxide concentration in the air inside the plant factory decreases, the carbon dioxide in the gas tank is released to supplement the carbon dioxide in the air inside the plant factory; otherwise, the fresh air system is turned on to reduce it; secondly, the photosynthesis of plants also depends on the light intensity. Affected by natural factors, the light intensity may change due to changes in weather such as cloudy, rainy and snowy. Therefore, when the intelligent control subsystem detects that the solar illumination outside the plant factory is insufficient, the operating power of the lighting lamp is adjusted to appropriately supplement the interior of the plant factory to ensure the normal growth of the plants; finally, the fresh air humidity is higher in summer. When it is detected that the fresh air humidity is higher than the tolerance range of the plants, the intelligent control subsystem turns on the dehumidification bypass, otherwise, the drip irrigation equipment inside the plant factory is turned on to replenish water for the plants.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, it is a basic structural schematic diagram of a vapor compression refrigeration (heat pump) subsystem 301 (i.e., a vapor compression temperature control system), including an evaporator 3011, a compressor 3012, a condenser 3013, a throttle valve 3014, a refrigerant pipeline 3015, a cooling water pipeline 3016, and a fresh air pipeline 3017. The evaporator 3011, the compressor 3012, the condenser 3013, and the throttle valve 3014 are sequentially connected through the refrigerant pipeline 3015 to form a refrigeration cycle. In the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant first changes phase to a gas state through the evaporator 3011, is compressed to a high pressure state through the compressor 3022, enters the condenser 3013, and is condensed into a liquid state, then enters the throttle valve 3014 to reduce temperature and pressure, and enters the evaporator 3011 again, thus forming a cycle.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fresh air box, including a fresh air channel 4011, a phase change material storage plate 4012, and a circulating water pipeline 4013. The fresh air box 401 is a special three-layer structure, the outermost layer is the fresh air channel, which is connected to the fresh air outlet of the plant factory, the inner layer is the circulating water pipeline connected to the cold / hot water unit of the vapor compression refrigeration (heat pump) subsystem, and the middle layer is the phase change material storage plate. The cold / heat energy produced by the vapor compression refrigeration (heat pump) subsystem enters the fresh air box through the circulating water pipeline and is captured and stored by the phase change material; the enclosure energy storage plate is a thin plate structure filled with phase change material and encapsulated in a high-density polyethylene flat container, which is placed on the surface of the enclosure structure inside the plant factory and bears the cold load or heat load entering the plant factory through the enclosure structure.

[0057] In this implementation, the phase change materials used in the fresh air box and the enclosure energy storage plate include but are not limited to paraffin (n-hexadecane, n-eicosane, n-docosane), magnesium nitrate-hexahydrate, etc. Water is used as the working fluid in the circulating water system. The steam compression refrigeration (heat pump) system uses R134a, R32, R141b, etc. as the working fluid.

[0058] In this implementation, the dehumidification subsystem 302 is located between the fresh air inlet and the fresh air box, and includes a dehumidification bypass, a liquid absorber, an electric heater, and a bypass valve. When the air humidity inside the plant factory is too high, the bypass valve opens, and the fresh air enters the liquid absorber through the dehumidification bypass, and enters the fresh air box after dehumidification. The liquid absorber is a container containing a liquid dehumidifier or a hygroscopic material. The liquid dehumidifier material includes but is not limited to concentrated sulfuric acid, calcium chloride solution, etc., and the hygroscopic material includes but is not limited to silica gel, molecular sieve, etc.

[0059] The specific working process of the light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of the above-mentioned plant factory is as follows:

[0060] During the daytime in summer, the heat load inside the plant factory is relatively large. The energy storage module 4 uses the cold energy stored the night before to bear the heat load of the enclosure structure. The solar photovoltaic module 1 absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy and stores it in the battery module 2. The battery module 2 provides electrical energy for the air conditioning module 3, the agricultural environment module 5 and the control module 6 to bear the heat and humidity load of the fresh air and adjust the crop growth environment. At the same time, according to the power consumption of the battery, it is decided whether to use the power supply from the city power grid to supplement the power;

[0061] At night in summer, there is no heat load or a small heat load inside the plant factory. At this time, the solar photovoltaic cell module 1 stops working. The storage battery 2 uses the valley power of the city grid to store electricity, and uses the valley power to store cold energy for the energy storage module 4. If there is still a weak heat load demand indoors at this time, the valley power of the grid will also provide cooling for the indoors.

[0062] At night in winter, the internal cooling load of the plant factory is relatively large. The energy storage module 4 uses the heat energy stored during the day to bear the cooling load of the enclosure structure. The city power grid directly provides power to the air conditioning module 3, the agricultural environment module 5 and the control module 6 to bear the cooling load of fresh air and adjust the crop growth environment. At the same time, the city power grid is used to replenish the battery 2 with power;

[0063] During the daytime in winter, the cooling load inside the plant factory is relatively small. At this time, the solar photovoltaic module 1 absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy and stores it in the battery module 2. The battery uses the electrical energy stored the night before to provide electrical energy for the air conditioning module 3, the agricultural environment module 5 and the control module 6, carrying the fresh air cooling load and adjusting the crop growth environment.

[0064] In the growth process of plants, photosynthesis and respiration are of great significance. When the light is strong during the day. The plants mainly carry out photosynthesis, using light to catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic matter in the plant body; when the light is weak at night, the plants mainly carry out respiration, consuming organic matter in the body to provide energy for the necessary life activities of the plants. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is low, the photosynthesis of the plants is inhibited; when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is high, the respiration of the plants is inhibited. Therefore, during the day, when the control module 6 detects that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air inside the plant factory decreases due to the photosynthesis of the plants, the carbon dioxide in the gas tank 501 is released to replenish the carbon dioxide in the air inside the plant factory; when the control module 6 detects that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air inside the plant factory increases due to the respiration of the plants, the fresh air system is turned on to reduce it. In addition, the photosynthesis of plants also depends on the light intensity. Affected by natural factors, the light intensity may change due to changes in weather such as cloudy, sunny, rainy and snowy. Therefore, when the control module 6 detects that the solar illumination outside the plant factory is weak, it adjusts the operating power of the illumination lamp 502 to provide appropriate supplementary light inside the plant factory to ensure the normal growth of the plants.

[0065] This implementation also provides a control method for the light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of a plant factory, which is essentially a scheduling optimization problem. The multi-energy flow system of a plant factory can be regarded as a dynamic system. There is interaction of energy flow, material flow (carbon dioxide) and information flow between each module (the solar photovoltaic module, the battery module, the air conditioning module, the energy storage module, the agricultural environment module, etc.). The core of the scheduling problem is to reasonably allocate and control these flows according to different time (seasons, day and night) and environmental conditions, so as to achieve efficient operation of the system while ensuring the growth environment of crops. In this optimization process, the decision variable u(t) is the control instruction for each module, including:

[0066] (1) The working status of the solar photovoltaic module (e.g., whether it is turned on); (2) The charging and discharging power of the battery module; (3) The operating parameters of the vapor compression refrigeration (heat pump) subsystem in the air conditioning module (e.g., compressor frequency, valve opening, etc.); (4) The working status of the dehumidification subsystem (e.g., whether the bypass valve is open or closed); (5) The amount of carbon dioxide released from the gas tank in the agricultural environment module; (6) The light intensity of the fluorescent lamp, etc.

[0067] This problem is a multi-objective optimization that comprehensively considers economy, energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. The objective function (fitness function) is as follows:

[0068] (1) Maximize economic benefits.

[0069] Energy cost is C E(t), the output cost is V(t) which is related to the crop product and quality. According to market pricing, the economic benefit index can be expressed as:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, T is the scheduling period.

[0072] C E (t) = C grid (t)P grid (t)+C op (t)(2);

[0073] In the formula, C grid (t) is the grid electricity price at time t, P grid (t) is the power obtained from the grid, C op (t) is the maintenance cost of the system at time t.

[0074] (2) Maximize the efficiency of solar energy utilization.

[0075] The power generation frequency of the solar photovoltaic module is η PV (t), the actual power generation is P PV (t), then the solar energy utilization efficiency is:

[0076]

[0077] (3) Maximize energy storage efficiency.

[0078] The charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage modules are η charge (t) and η discharge (t), the charging and discharging powers are P charge (t) and P discharge (t):

[0079]

[0080] (4) Energy efficiency of air conditioning module and agricultural environment module.

[0081] The utilization efficiencies of the air conditioning module and the agricultural environment module are η AC (t) and η AE (t):

[0082]

[0083] (5) Maximize environmental friendliness.

[0084] The carbon emission intensity factor is e(t), P total (t) is the total power consumed at time t

[0085]

[0086] Constraints include:

[0087] (1) Energy supply constraints.

[0088] Power generation limit of solar photovoltaic modules:

[0089]

[0090] in, is the maximum power generation of the solar photovoltaic module at time t

[0091] Power limit of urban power grid:

[0092]

[0093] in, is the maximum power supply power of the urban power grid at time t.

[0094] (2) Equipment constraints.

[0095] Equipment rated power limit:

[0096]

[0097] in, is the operating power of a device at time t, P device (t) is the rated power of the equipment.

[0098] Energy storage module capacity limit:

[0099] E min ≤E store (t)≤E max (10);

[0100] Among them, E store (t) is the storage energy of the energy storage module at time t, E min and E max are the minimum and maximum capacities of the energy storage module respectively.

[0101] (3) Environmental demand constraints.

[0102] Temperature Limits:

[0103] T min ≤T(t)≤T max (11);

[0104] Where T(t) is the temperature inside the plant factory at time t, T min and T max It is a temperature range suitable for crop growth.

[0105] Humidity Limits:

[0106] H min ≤H(t)≤H max (12);

[0107] Among them, H(t) is the humidity inside the plant factory at time t, H min and H max This is the suitable humidity range for crop growth.

[0108] Carbon dioxide concentration limit:

[0109] C CO2 min ≤C(t)≤C CO2 max (13);

[0110] Among them, C CO2 min and C CO2 max This is the suitable range of carbon dioxide concentration for crop growth.

[0111] Light intensity limit:

[0112] L min ≤L(t)≤L max (14);

[0113] Among them, L(t) is the light intensity inside the plant factory at time t, L min and L max This is the light intensity range suitable for crop growth.

[0114] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system for a plant factory, characterized in that: include: Solar photovoltaic modules, battery modules, air conditioning modules, energy storage modules, agricultural environment modules and control modules; Solar photovoltaic cell modules, including a plurality of photovoltaic panels installed on the roof of the plant factory, are used to capture solar energy that is directed to the roof of the plant factory during the day and convert it into electrical energy; The battery module is used to store the electricity produced by the solar photovoltaic module and draw the electricity from the city power grid during off-peak hours; Air conditioning module, including a vapor compression temperature control subsystem and a dehumidification subsystem, used to adjust the indoor temperature and humidity for the plant factory according to the time; The energy storage module includes a fresh air box and an enclosure energy storage board. The fresh air box contains phase change energy storage materials and a fresh air channel, which is used to store the cold released by the vapor compression temperature control subsystem and bear the cold load or heat load brought by the fresh air. The enclosure energy storage board is loaded with phase change materials and installed around the plant factory. It absorbs and releases heat through phase change and bears the cold load and heat load that enters the plant factory through the enclosure structure during the day. An agricultural environment module, including a gas tank and a sunlight lamp, for adjusting the growth environment of crops grown in the factory, the growth environment including the carbon dioxide concentration in the air and the light intensity; The control module includes an intelligent control subsystem, which is used to control the actual operation of the solar photovoltaic module, battery module, air conditioning module, energy storage module, and agricultural environment module to provide light, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and humidity conditions for the growth of crops.

2. The light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of the plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control subsystem adopts different adjustment methods according to the season and day and night, including: During the daytime in summer, the energy storage module uses the cold energy stored the previous night to carry the heat load of the enclosure structure. The solar photovoltaic module absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy and stores it in the battery module. The battery module provides electrical energy for the air conditioning module, agricultural environment module and control module, carries the heat and humidity load of fresh air, and adjusts the crop growth environment. According to the power consumption of the battery, it decides whether to use the power supply from the city grid to supplement the electricity. At night in summer, the solar photovoltaic module stops working, and the battery uses the valley electricity of the city grid to store electricity, and uses the valley electricity to store cold energy for the energy storage module. If there is still a heat load demand indoors at this time, the valley electricity of the grid will also provide heating for the indoors; At night in winter, the energy storage module uses the heat energy stored during the day to carry the cold load of the enclosure structure. The city grid directly provides power to the air conditioning module, agricultural environment module and control module to carry the fresh air cold load, adjust the crop growth environment, and use the power supply of the city grid to replenish the battery. During the daytime in winter, the solar photovoltaic module absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy and stores it in the battery module. The battery uses the electrical energy stored the night before to provide electricity for the air conditioning module, agricultural environment module and control module, carrying the fresh air cooling load and regulating the crop growth environment.

3. The light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of the plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vapor compression temperature control subsystem comprises: an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and a throttle valve which are sequentially connected through a working fluid pipeline to form a vapor compression temperature control loop.

4. The light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of a plant factory as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh air box is a three-layer structure, the outermost layer is a fresh air channel connected to the fresh air outlet of the plant factory, the innermost layer is a circulating water pipeline connected to the cold / hot water unit of the steam compression temperature control subsystem, and the middle layer is a phase change material storage plate; The cold / heat energy produced by the vapor compression temperature control subsystem enters the fresh air box through the circulating water pipe and is captured and stored by the phase change material. The enclosure energy storage plate is a thin plate structure filled with phase change material and encapsulated in a high-density polyethylene flat container. It is placed on the surface of the enclosure structure inside the plant factory and bears the cold load or heat load entering the plant factory through the enclosure structure.

5. The light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of a plant factory as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The gas tank contains compressed carbon dioxide gas, which is used to provide material supply for the photosynthesis of plants according to the illumination of the fluorescent lamp and the operating rules of the plants themselves. The fluorescent lamp radiates simulated natural light or filtered light according to seasonal changes and actual needs.

6. The light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of a plant factory as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The dehumidification subsystem is located between the fresh air inlet and the fresh air box, and includes a dehumidification bypass, a liquid absorber, an electric heater and a bypass valve. When the air humidity inside the plant factory is greater than the set threshold, the bypass valve opens, and the fresh air enters the liquid absorber through the dehumidification bypass and enters the fresh air box after dehumidification. The liquid absorber is a container containing liquid dehumidifier or hygroscopic material. When the dehumidification bypass is in the closed state, the electric heater is turned on to dissociate the water adsorbed in the dehumidifier.

7. The light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of a plant factory as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The intelligent control subsystem detects the indoor carbon dioxide concentration, humidity and light intensity. When it detects that the carbon dioxide concentration in the air inside the plant factory decreases, the carbon dioxide in the gas tank is released to replenish the carbon dioxide in the air inside the plant factory; otherwise, the fresh air system is turned on to reduce it; When the intelligent control subsystem detects that the solar illumination outside the plant factory is insufficient, it adjusts the operating power of the illumination lamp to provide appropriate supplementary light inside the plant factory to ensure the normal growth of the plants; When it is detected that the fresh air humidity is higher than the tolerance range of the plants, the intelligent control subsystem turns on the dehumidification bypass, otherwise, it turns on the drip irrigation equipment inside the plant factory to replenish water for the plants.

8. A control method for a light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system in a plant factory, characterized in that: Utilizing the light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of a plant factory as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, The process includes: Obtain status data of solar photovoltaic modules, battery modules, air conditioning modules, energy storage modules and agricultural environment modules; Based on the acquired status data, multi-objective optimization is carried out to control each module with the aim of maximizing economic benefits, maximizing solar energy utilization efficiency, maximizing energy storage efficiency, maximizing energy utilization efficiency of air conditioning modules and agricultural environment modules, and maximizing environmental friendliness.

9. The control method of the light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of the plant factory as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: Maximize economic benefits, including: Among them, C E (t) is the energy cost, V(t) is the output cost, T is the scheduling period, C E (t) = C grid (t)P grid (t)+C op (t), where C grid (t) is the grid electricity price at time t, P grid (t) is the power obtained from the grid, C op (t) is the maintenance cost of the system at time t; Maximize solar energy efficiency, including: η PV (t) is the power generation frequency of the solar photovoltaic module, P PV (t) is the actual power generation; Maximize energy storage efficiency, including: in, η charge (t) is the charging efficiency of the energy storage module, η discharge (t) is the discharge efficiency of the energy storage module, P charge (t) is the charging power of the energy storage module, P discharge (t) is the discharge power of the energy storage module.

10. The control method of the light-electricity-cooling-storage multi-energy flow system of a plant factory as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The air conditioning module and the agricultural environment module maximize energy efficiency, including: Among them, η AC (t) is the utilization rate of the air conditioning module, η AE (t) is the utilization efficiency of the agricultural environment module, P AC (t) is the power of the air conditioning module, P AE (t) is the power of the agricultural environment module; Maximize environmental friendliness, including: Among them, e(t) is the carbon emission intensity factor, P total (t) is the total power consumed at time t.

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