Energy system and optimization circuit suitable for underwater acoustic transmitter

Abstract

The invention provides an energy system and optimization circuit suitable for an underwater acoustic transmitter. An input optimization circuit 1 of an underwater acoustic transmitter system dynamically controls output of a composite energy storage system according to power requirements; the underwater acoustic transmitter system output optimization circuit 2 dynamically adjusts a circuit matching state by combining an underwater acoustic load impedance characteristic; the composite energy storage system comprises a lithium ion battery and a super capacitor; the ratio is adjusted according to the pulse emission duty ratio, the super capacitor provides output electric energy for the transmitter during the pulse period, and the lithium ion battery supplements the electric energy for the super capacitor at the pulse interval or in the whole period. The design power capacity of an energy system in the cabin can be effectively reduced, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the equipment endurance time is prolonged, the circuit scale in the cabin is reduced, and the operation requirements of underwater tools can be well met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of underwater acoustic transmitters, and specifically relates to an energy system and an optimization circuit suitable for underwater acoustic transmitters, and more particularly to an optimization circuit based on composite energy storage. Background Art

[0002] Underwater equipment can use hydroacoustic technology to achieve different operational tasks such as underwater detection, identification, ocean survey and communication, and the hydroacoustic transmitter is a key part of realizing hydroacoustic technology; the input of the hydroacoustic transmitter depends on the electrical energy supplied by the energy system in the underwater equipment, and the output is sent to the transmitting transducer for electroacoustic energy conversion.

[0003] Due to the limited capacity and load of underwater equipment, the power capacity of the energy system is also limited; on the one hand, considering the endurance of the equipment, it is necessary to increase the energy density of the energy system as much as possible; on the other hand, it is also necessary to consider the instantaneous power output characteristics and increase the power density of the energy system.

[0004] Most underwater acoustic transmitters have the characteristics of pulse transmission, which requires high instantaneous input electrical power, while the average power in a single cycle is low. If designed according to instantaneous power, it is easy to cause power redundancy and limited capacity; if designed according to average power, it cannot meet the instantaneous input requirements.

[0005] Patent document CN115509293B discloses a sonar transmission power control circuit, system and control method, including a charge and discharge management module, a voltage acquisition circuit, a power-off backup power supply, an FPGA signal generation module, a charging switch, a charging current limiting switch, a charging current limiting resistor, a discharge switch, an energy storage capacitor group and a power amplifier module. The charging switch, the charging current limiting switch and the energy storage capacitor group are in a series relationship, the charging current limiting resistor is connected in parallel with the charging current limiting switch, the discharge switch is connected to the energy storage capacitor group, the voltage acquisition circuit connects the energy storage capacitor group and the charge and discharge management module, the FPGA signal generation module provides a transmission enable signal to the charge and discharge management module, and provides a transmission signal to the power amplifier module. The charge and discharge management module controls the amount of electrical energy stored and released by the energy storage capacitor group according to the power adjustment instruction of the host computer.

[0006] However, the energy storage system of patent document CN115509293B only contains energy storage capacitors and cannot meet the requirements of energy density and power density at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an energy system and an optimization circuit suitable for an underwater acoustic transmitter.

[0008] According to the present invention, an energy system and optimization circuit suitable for an underwater acoustic transmitter are provided, characterized in that they include: a composite energy storage system, an underwater acoustic transmitter system input optimization circuit 1, and an underwater acoustic transmitter system output optimization circuit 2;

[0009] The input optimization circuit 1 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system dynamically controls the output of the composite energy storage system according to the power demand;

[0010] The output optimization circuit 2 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system dynamically adjusts the circuit matching state in combination with the underwater acoustic load impedance characteristics;

[0011] The composite energy storage system includes lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors; the ratio of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors is adjusted according to the pulse transmission duty cycle, the supercapacitor provides output power for the transmitter during the pulse period, and the lithium-ion battery replenishes power for the supercapacitor during the pulse interval or the entire cycle.

[0012] Preferably, the power requirement is determined by a required transmit sound source level and an impedance matching circuit.

[0013] Preferably, when the matching circuit is fixed and the required sound source level is low, the power requirement of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is low, and it is mainly supplied by lithium-ion batteries, supplemented by supercapacitors; when the matching circuit is fixed and the required sound source level of the system is high, the power requirement of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is high, and it is mainly supplied by supercapacitor modules.

[0014] Preferably, when the required sound source level of the system is determined and the matching efficiency is high, the power requirement of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is low, and it is mainly supplied by lithium-ion batteries, supplemented by supercapacitors; when the required sound source level of the system is determined and the matching efficiency is low, the power requirement of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is high, and it is mainly supplied by supercapacitor modules.

[0015] Preferably, the input optimization circuit 1 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system adopts a multi-channel relay control board; the multi-channel relay control board dynamically controls the on-off of relays in combination with the power demand of the underwater acoustic transmitter system to complete the power supply switching of the composite energy storage system.

[0016] Preferably, the hydroacoustic load impedance characteristics are determined in combination with prior knowledge, including the variation characteristics of the hydroacoustic load impedance with ambient water pressure or water depth.

[0017] Preferably, the dynamic control of the underwater acoustic transmitter system input optimization circuit 1 is determined in combination with the charge state of two energy storage media, namely, lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.

[0018] Preferably, the state of charge of the energy storage medium is estimated by external characteristic data, and a SOC estimation model based on an extended Kalman filter is adopted, and a forgetting factor recursive least squares algorithm is used to update the model parameters in real time; the SOC-OCV correspondence under the current state is obtained by fitting through an OCV test of the energy storage medium;

[0019] Among them, for the external characteristic data, the output characteristics of the battery terminal voltage are simulated by an equivalent circuit model, and a second-order equivalent circuit model is established for the energy storage medium, and the external characteristic data is described by parameter identification.

[0020] Preferably, the ratio of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors in the composite energy storage system medium is determined by the maximum instantaneous power of the system and the average power within the cycle;

[0021] Combined with the load prior impedance characteristics, according to the matching circuit of different environmental water pressures or water depths, the feedback depth value is controlled to determine the circuit matching state of the underwater acoustic transmitter system output optimization circuit 2, and achieve the matching between the underwater acoustic transmitter system power amplifier circuit 3 and the underwater acoustic transmitter system load circuit 6;

[0022] According to the prior impedance information and prior response information of the acoustic load, combined with the working depth fed back by the acoustic emission system and the output optimization circuit 2 of the underwater acoustic transmitter, the power requirement of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is calculated.

[0023] An underwater acoustic transmitter provided according to the present invention comprises the energy system and optimization circuit applicable to the underwater acoustic transmitter.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. In the present invention, the composite energy storage system is designed according to the duty cycle of the underwater acoustic transmitter, the input optimization circuit of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is optimized in combination with the state of the energy storage medium, and the output optimization circuit of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is optimized in combination with the load state, thereby ensuring that the entire system circuit is safe and reliable and meets the requirements while reducing the system scale.

[0026] 2. The composite energy storage system of the present invention addresses the problem that one energy storage medium generally cannot meet the requirements of energy density and power density at the same time, and adopts a lithium-ion battery combined with a supercapacitor; the lithium-ion battery has the characteristics of high energy density and low self-discharge rate, which can well meet the system's long-term endurance requirements; the supercapacitor has the characteristics of high power density and high charge and discharge rate, which can well meet the system's high-power instantaneous output requirements; the composite energy storage system composed of the two can take into account the characteristics of high energy density and high power density at the same time, and meet the input requirements of the underwater acoustic transmitter.

[0027] 3. In view of the problem that the operating depth of the underwater working tool equipped with an underwater acoustic transmitter will change, and the impedance characteristics of the acoustic load will also change accordingly, the output optimization circuit of the underwater acoustic transmitter system between the underwater acoustic transmitter and the load is adjusted accordingly to ensure the impedance matching effect, avoid causing excessive input apparent power, and increase the burden on the composite energy storage system.

[0028] 4. The composite energy storage system, the input optimization circuit of the underwater acoustic transmitter system, and the output optimization circuit of the underwater acoustic transmitter system of the present invention can effectively reduce the design power capacity of the energy system in the cabin, improve energy utilization efficiency, extend the equipment life time, and reduce the scale of the circuit in the cabin, which can well meet the operation requirements of underwater tools. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 Energy system and optimized circuit schematics for underwater acoustic transmitters;

[0031] Figure 2 This is the composition and control principle diagram of the supercapacitor module;

[0032] Figure 3 Determine the flow chart for the power requirements of the hydroacoustic transmitter system;

[0033] Figure 4 This is the SOC-OCV correspondence diagram of the energy storage medium.

[0034] The figure shows:

[0035] Underwater acoustic transmitter system input optimization circuit 1;

[0036] Underwater acoustic transmitter system output optimization circuit 2;

[0037] Underwater acoustic transmitter system power amplifier circuit 3;

[0038] Lithium-ion battery system 4;

[0039] Super capacitor module 5;

[0040] Underwater acoustic transmitter system load circuit 6;

[0041] Supercapacitor module capacity design and control process framework 7;

[0042] Supercapacitor module current detection module 8;

[0043] Super capacitor module voltage detection module 9;

[0044] The supercapacitor monomer constitutes module 10;

[0045] Process framework for determining power requirements of underwater acoustic transmitter system11;

[0046] Figure 4 The dots in the figure represent the measured values ​​of the open-circuit voltage of the energy storage medium;

[0047] Figure 4 The curve in represents the open circuit voltage fitting value of the energy storage medium;

[0048] Figure 4 The SOC-OCV fitting polynomial of the energy storage medium is shown in the upper left corner of each sub-figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] The energy system and optimization circuit applicable to an underwater acoustic transmitter provided by the present invention include: a composite energy storage system, an underwater acoustic transmitter system input optimization circuit 1, and an underwater acoustic transmitter system output optimization circuit 2.

[0051] The following is a detailed description of the composite energy storage system.

[0052] Most underwater equipment is mainly powered by battery systems, among which lithium-ion batteries are particularly typical. Since the circuit scale is limited by the cabin capacity, a single lithium-ion battery system cannot meet the high peak power requirements of the acoustic load circuit in pulse operation. Supercapacitors have the characteristics of high charge and discharge rates and high power density. Supercapacitors can be used to smooth out the peak power and fill the valley to make up for the peak power shortcomings of battery energy storage. Therefore, combined with the average power and peak power requirements of the underwater acoustic transmitter, a composite energy storage system with lithium-ion batteries as the main and supercapacitors as the auxiliary is adopted.

[0053] The output of the composite energy storage system is controlled in combination with the state of charge of the energy storage medium. During the pulse high power period, the supercapacitor is mainly discharged and output, and during the pulse interval, the lithium-ion battery charges the supercapacitor.

[0054] The Equivalent-Circuit Model (ECM) can use simple electrical components to simulate the output characteristics of the battery terminal voltage. The energy storage medium can establish a second-order equivalent circuit model and accurately describe its external characteristics through parameter identification. The state of charge of the energy storage medium is estimated through the external characteristic data, and a SOC estimation model based on an extended Kalman filter is used. The forgetting factor recursive least squares algorithm is used to update the model parameters in real time. Through the OCV test of the energy storage medium, the SOC-OCV correspondence under the current state can be obtained. The curve has a strong nonlinearity and can be fitted with a high-order polynomial.

[0055] The energy storage medium can use the second-order equivalent circuit model and the SOC-OCV correspondence, combined with the terminal voltage obtained by the sensor in real time to perform state correction, and use the extended Kalman filter method for iterative estimation;

[0056] Combined with the collected external characteristic data, the recursive least square method is used for parameter identification. The specific process is to transform the ECM into an ARMA model, and the parameter information can be obtained by decoupling the equation group.

[0057] The ratio of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors in the composite energy storage system is adjusted according to the pulse transmission duty cycle. The supercapacitor module provides high-power output for the transmitter during the pulse, and the lithium-ion battery can replenish power for the capacitor module during the pulse interval or the entire cycle.

[0058] The composite energy storage system can well meet the characteristics of high instantaneous power and low average power of the underwater acoustic transmitter, reduce the system power design capacity, and reduce the circuit scale.

[0059] The following is a specific description of the underwater acoustic transmitter system input optimization circuit 1.

[0060] The input optimization circuit 1 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system needs to be combined with the system power demand dynamic control as the output of the composite energy storage system of the energy system.

[0061] The system power required by the underwater acoustic transmitter is determined by the required transmitting sound source level and the impedance matching circuit; when the matching circuit is fixed and the system required sound source level is low, the power demand of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is low, and the lithium-ion battery system can be mainly used for supply, assisted by supercapacitors; when the matching circuit is fixed and the system required sound source level is high, the power demand of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is high, and it is necessary to mainly use supercapacitor modules for supply; when the system required sound source level is determined and the matching efficiency is high, the power demand of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is low, and the lithium-ion battery system can be mainly used for supply, assisted by supercapacitors; when the system required sound source level is determined and the matching efficiency is low, the power demand of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is high, and it is necessary to mainly use supercapacitor modules for supply.

[0062] The specific control of the input optimization circuit 1 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system adopts a multi-channel relay control board; the relay is dynamically controlled to switch on and off in combination with the power demand of the underwater acoustic transmitter system to complete the energy storage supply switching; the dynamic control of the input optimization circuit 1 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system needs to be determined in combination with the charge state of the two energy storage media; the output optimization circuit 2 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system needs to dynamically adjust the circuit matching state in combination with the load impedance characteristics; the underwater acoustic load impedance characteristics need to be determined in combination with prior knowledge, mainly the characteristics of the change of the underwater acoustic load impedance with the ambient water pressure (water depth); combined with prior knowledge, given that depth feedback is easy to obtain, control can be carried out based on the feedback depth value.

[0063] The underwater acoustic transmitter system input optimization circuit 1 and the underwater acoustic transmitter system output optimization circuit 2 both need to use fewer discrete components for control to reduce the circuit scale.

[0064] The design process of the energy system and optimized circuit for underwater acoustic transmitters includes several main processes and steps:

[0065] Step 1: clarify the operating conditions of the underwater acoustic transmitter, wherein the operating conditions include ambient water pressure, duty cycle, etc.;

[0066] Step 2: Determine the ratio of composite energy storage system media (lithium-ion battery and supercapacitor) based on the system's maximum instantaneous power and average power within the cycle;

[0067] Step 3: Determine the input optimization circuit 1 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system based on the system power demand law and the real-time charge state of the energy storage medium;

[0068] Step 4: Combined with the load prior impedance characteristics, according to the matching circuit of different environmental water pressures (water depths), the output optimization circuit 2 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is determined by controlling the feedback depth value.

[0069] The present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0070] according to Figure 1 The energy system and optimization circuit schematic diagram of the underwater acoustic transmitter shown in the figure obtains real-time status feedback of the lithium-ion battery system 4 and the supercapacitor module 5, and determines the input optimization circuit 1 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system in combination with the feedback system demand power; the output optimization circuit 2 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system can achieve a good match between the underwater acoustic transmitter system power amplifier circuit 3 and the underwater acoustic transmitter system load circuit 6.

[0071] according to Figure 2The supercapacitor module composition and control principle diagram shown in the figure, wherein the supercapacitor module capacity design and control process framework 7 can be used to determine the supercapacitor capacity and control management; the supercapacitor module current detection module 8 and the supercapacitor module voltage detection module 9 can monitor the supercapacitor module output external characteristic value at all times; the supercapacitor monomer composition module 10 shows the supercapacitor module composition method; wherein, C i represents the i-th supercapacitor cell.

[0072] according to Figure 3 The flowchart for determining the power requirement of the underwater acoustic transmitter system shown in the flowchart, the power requirement determination process framework 11 of the underwater acoustic transmitter system indicates that the power requirement of the underwater acoustic transmitter system can be calculated based on the prior impedance information and prior response information of the acoustic load, combined with the working depth (hydrostatic pressure) fed back by the acoustic transmitter system and the output optimization circuit of the underwater acoustic transmitter.

[0073] according to Figure 4 The SOC-OCV correspondence diagram of the energy storage medium is shown, wherein according to the measured values ​​of the open circuit voltage of the energy storage medium at different discrete SOC values, the energy storage medium SOC-OCV fitting polynomial is fitted and the polynomial parameters are determined, and the open circuit voltage fitting values ​​of the energy storage medium at different continuous SOC values ​​are determined according to the fitting polynomial.

[0074] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. An energy system and optimization circuit suitable for an underwater acoustic transmitter, characterized in that: include: Composite energy storage system, underwater acoustic transmitter system input optimization circuit (1), underwater acoustic transmitter system output optimization circuit (2); The input optimization circuit of the underwater acoustic transmitter system (1) dynamically controls the output of the composite energy storage system according to the power demand; The output optimization circuit of the underwater acoustic transmitter system (2) dynamically adjusts the circuit matching state in combination with the underwater acoustic load impedance characteristics; The composite energy storage system includes lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors; the ratio of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors is adjusted according to the pulse transmission duty cycle, the supercapacitor provides output power for the transmitter during the pulse period, and the lithium-ion battery replenishes power for the supercapacitor during the pulse interval or the entire cycle.

2. The energy system and optimization circuit suitable for underwater acoustic transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power requirement is determined by the desired transmit source level and the impedance matching circuit.

3. The energy system and optimization circuit suitable for underwater acoustic transmitter according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the matching circuit is fixed and the required sound source level is low, the power demand of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is low, and it is mainly supplied by lithium-ion batteries, supplemented by supercapacitors; when the matching circuit is fixed and the required sound source level of the system is high, the power demand of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is high, and it is mainly supplied by supercapacitor modules.

4. The energy system and optimization circuit for underwater acoustic transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the required sound source level of the system is determined and the matching efficiency is high, the power requirement of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is low, and it is mainly supplied by lithium-ion batteries, supplemented by supercapacitors; when the required sound source level of the system is determined and the matching efficiency is low, the power requirement of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is high, and it is mainly supplied by supercapacitor modules.

5. The energy system and optimization circuit for underwater acoustic transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input optimization circuit (1) of the underwater acoustic transmitter system adopts a multi-channel relay control board; the multi-channel relay control board dynamically controls the on-off of the relay in combination with the power demand of the underwater acoustic transmitter system to complete the power supply switching of the composite energy storage system.

6. The energy system and optimization circuit for underwater acoustic transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydroacoustic load impedance characteristics are determined in combination with prior knowledge, including the variation characteristics of the hydroacoustic load impedance with ambient water pressure or water depth.

7. The energy system and optimization circuit for underwater acoustic transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic control of the input optimization circuit (1) of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is determined by combining the charge states of the two energy storage media, the lithium-ion battery and the supercapacitor.

8. The energy system and optimization circuit for underwater acoustic transmitter according to claim 7, characterized in that: The state of charge of the energy storage medium is estimated through external characteristic data, and the SOC estimation model based on extended Kalman filtering is adopted. The forgetting factor recursive least squares algorithm is used to update the model parameters in real time. Through the OCV test of the energy storage medium, the SOC-OCV correspondence under the current state is fitted and obtained. Among them, for the external characteristic data, the output characteristics of the battery terminal voltage are simulated by an equivalent circuit model, and a second-order equivalent circuit model is established for the energy storage medium, and the external characteristic data is described by parameter identification.

9. The energy system and optimization circuit for underwater acoustic transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors in the composite energy storage system medium is determined by the system's maximum instantaneous power and the average power within the cycle; Combined with the load prior impedance characteristics, according to the matching circuit of different environmental water pressures or water depths, the feedback depth value is used to control the circuit matching state of the underwater acoustic transmitter system output optimization circuit (2), and achieve the matching between the underwater acoustic transmitter system power amplifier circuit (3) and the underwater acoustic transmitter system load circuit (6); According to the prior impedance information and prior response information of the acoustic load, combined with the working depth fed back by the acoustic emission system and the output optimization circuit (2) of the underwater acoustic transmitter, the power requirement of the underwater acoustic transmitter system is calculated.

10. An underwater acoustic transmitter, characterized in that: The invention comprises an energy system and an optimization circuit suitable for an underwater acoustic transmitter as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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