Photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device and method based on evaporative cooling

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy resource utilization, in particular to a photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling, which comprises a photovoltaic panel, and a first ceramic plate, a plurality of first conductive strips, a P-type semiconductor, an N-type semiconductor, a second conductive strip, a second ceramic plate and an evaporative cooling layer are sequentially connected to the back plate side of the photovoltaic panel; the photovoltaic panel is connected with a storage battery for energy storage; the second conductive strip is connected with a storage battery for energy storage; and the evaporative cooling layer is connected with a water supply and storage circulating system. The device can capture and convert waste heat lost by the back face of the photovoltaic panel and convert the waste heat into electric energy, the evaporative cooling layer is combined, the large temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side of the thermoelectric power generation device is kept, meanwhile, the working temperature of the photovoltaic panel and the thermoelectric conversion assembly is effectively reduced, and the service life of the whole device is prolonged. The problems that an existing solar power generation panel waste heat utilization power generation device is low in waste heat utilization rate, poor in stability and short in service life are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar energy resource utilization, and in particular to a photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device and method based on evaporative cooling. Background Art

[0002] Fossil fuels, also known as mineral fuels, are a mixture of hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives, mainly including coal, oil and natural gas. They are formed by dead organic matter and plants after a long decomposition process underground and are non-renewable resources. At present, the excessive consumption of fossil fuels will lead to a series of problems such as energy depletion. At present, the excessive consumption of fossil fuels has made the research on renewable energy and environmentally friendly energy conversion technology a hot research direction. According to statistics, more than 60% of the energy consumed by global industrial energy is discharged in the form of waste heat, which greatly wastes energy resources. With the increase of environmental awareness and the rise of energy costs, the demand for efficient and clean energy technologies is becoming increasingly urgent. Compared with traditional coal-fired, gas-fired or nuclear power generation, solar power generation devices use the photovoltaic effect of the solar chip inside to directly convert light energy into electrical energy, so it will not be accompanied by the production of greenhouse gases and polluting gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, and can reduce dependence on petroleum fuels and provide a safe and independent source of electricity. Although solar power generation has attracted the attention of many researchers and is also widely used. However, when solar energy shines on solar panels, the panels only convert 15% of the solar radiation into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, and the unused solar radiation is partially reflected, while the rest is absorbed by the solar panels and converted into heat, forcing the temperature of the solar panels to rise. When the temperature is higher than 80°C, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell will be greatly reduced, or even no electricity will be generated. Long-term high temperature will cause irreversible damage to the solar cell. Therefore, how to transfer and utilize the waste heat of solar energy is the key to promoting the development of solar power generation.

[0003] Thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a promising technology that can use the Seebeck effect to effectively and cleanly convert waste heat into electrical energy. When a temperature gradient is formed at both ends of a thermoelectric material, the carriers (electrons or holes) inside the material will move and generate current. This technology can be used for waste heat recovery, solar energy applications, etc., and has the potential for environmental protection and sustainable development. The efficiency of thermoelectric devices is usually measured by the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT). The higher the ZT value, the better the thermoelectric conversion efficiency. However, although the performance of thermoelectric devices has improved in recent years, the overall thermoelectric conversion efficiency is still low, that is, the ZT value is low, which limits the efficiency of its practical application. If thermoelectric devices are integrated with photovoltaic technology, not only can the higher energy conversion efficiency of thermoelectric devices be achieved, but the power generation of photovoltaic modules can also be further improved, which is expected to solve the problems of low power generation efficiency and poor energy utilization of solar cells and low efficiency of thermoelectric devices.

[0004] A Chinese utility model with authorization publication number CN208257688U discloses a solar panel waste heat utilization power generation device, including an inclined solar panel, a bracket, a semiconductor thermoelectric panel and a radiator. The semiconductor thermoelectric panel is tightly attached to the bottom plate of the solar panel, and the radiator is connected to the semiconductor thermoelectric panel to form a main component. The upper end of the bracket is connected to the main component, and the lower end is fixed to a carrier. The radiator dissipates excess heat of the semiconductor thermoelectric panel to maintain the temperature of the semiconductor thermoelectric panel within its rated temperature range. At the same time, the semiconductor thermoelectric panel converts the waste heat of the solar panel into electrical energy, which is output together with the electrical energy generated by the solar panel, thereby increasing the power generation of the solar panel. This method uses a semiconductor thermoelectric panel to generate electricity using the waste heat of a solar panel. Although the purpose of utilizing the waste heat of a solar panel is achieved and the power generation of the solar panel is increased, this structure has very high requirements for thermal management. The power generation device uses a radiator to dissipate heat and cool the panel, which not only has low cooling efficiency, but also generates excess energy loss, resulting in a small temperature gradient on both sides of the semiconductor thermoelectric panel, affecting the thermal stability of the semiconductor thermoelectric panel and failing to fully utilize the waste heat. Especially in an environment where the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is relatively high, if the heat is not dissipated in time, it will not only cause the semiconductor to burn out or short-circuit, but also cause a hot spot effect and a potential induced degradation (PID) effect, thereby damaging the battery pack and causing the power of the battery module to decay, seriously affecting the performance and life of the photovoltaic system. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems of low waste heat utilization rate, poor stability and short life of solar panel waste heat utilization power generation devices in the prior art, the present invention provides a photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device and method based on evaporative cooling.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling, comprising a photovoltaic panel, wherein a first ceramic plate is connected to the back plate side of the photovoltaic panel; the first ceramic plate is connected to a plurality of first conductive strips; each first conductive strip is connected to a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor; the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor are respectively connected to a second conductive strip; the second conductive strip is sequentially connected to a second ceramic plate and an evaporative cooling layer; the photovoltaic panel is connected to a battery for energy storage; the second conductive strip is connected to a battery for energy storage; the evaporative cooling layer is connected to a water supply and storage circulation system.

[0007] Optionally, the evaporative cooling layer is a hydrogel hygroscopic water film.

[0008] Optionally, the water supply and storage circulation system includes a condensation box arranged outside the evaporative cooling layer, the water outlet side of the condensation box is connected to a condensation water collection tank, and the water output end of the condensation water collection tank is connected to the evaporative cooling layer for supplying water to the evaporative cooling layer.

[0009] Optionally, a first adjustable vent is provided on one side of the condensation box, and a second adjustable vent is provided on the other side.

[0010] Optionally, a water pump is provided at the water output end of the condensate collection tank.

[0011] Optionally, the condensate collection tank is connected to an external water source.

[0012] Optionally, the condensate collection box is a metal condensate collection box.

[0013] Optionally, a system external protection shell is further included, wherein the system external protection shell is arranged on the outside of the photovoltaic panel and extends from the photovoltaic panel to the outside of the evaporative cooling layer.

[0014] Optionally, the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the horizontal direction is greater than 0° and less than 90°.

[0015] A method for generating electricity by utilizing waste heat using the above device comprises: The current generated by the photovoltaic panel receiving solar energy is transmitted to the battery energy storage; The waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panel is transmitted to the first conductive strip via the first ceramic plate and then transferred to the evaporative cooling layer via the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor for evaporative heat dissipation, forming a stable temperature difference between the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor, generating current that is transmitted to the battery for energy storage via the second conductive strip, completing the waste heat utilization and power generation process.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling. It comprises a photovoltaic panel, the back panel side of the photovoltaic panel is connected to a first ceramic panel; the first ceramic panel is connected to a plurality of first conductive strips; each first conductive strip is connected to a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor; the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor are respectively connected to a second conductive strip; the second conductive strip is sequentially connected to a second ceramic panel and an evaporative cooling layer; the photovoltaic panel is connected to a battery for energy storage; the second conductive strip is connected to a battery for energy storage; the evaporative cooling layer is connected to a water supply and storage circulation system. By connecting the first ceramic plate and the subsequent thermoelectric conversion assembly on the back side of the photovoltaic panel, the waste heat dissipated from the back of the photovoltaic panel can be captured and converted. Through the setting of the conductive strip and the semiconductor, this part of the heat energy can be directly converted into electrical energy, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the entire system; combined with the application of the evaporative cooling layer, the cooling effect of the system is enhanced. Compared with the traditional cooling method, evaporative cooling can take away more heat through the evaporative cooling process of water without generating excess energy loss, thereby maintaining a large temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side of the thermoelectric power generation device, improving the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation device, and effectively reducing the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel and the thermoelectric conversion assembly, effectively avoiding the hot spot effect and potential induced attenuation effect of the photovoltaic assembly at high temperature, keeping the assembly working within a suitable temperature range, extending the service life of the entire device, and reducing maintenance costs. Through the setting of the water supply and storage circulation system, not only can sufficient cooling water be continuously provided for the evaporative cooling layer, but also the evaporated water condensation water can be further collected and recycled. This design not only reduces the dependence on external water sources, but also makes full use of water resources in the natural environment, and improves the environmental protection performance of the device. The device has a simple structure, low operation and maintenance complexity, and good overall economic efficiency.

[0017] The evaporative cooling layer is a hydrogel hygroscopic water film. Since the hydrogel hygroscopic water film has excellent hygroscopic properties, it can absorb a large amount of water in an environment with high humidity. The water becomes an effective cooling medium, and removes the heat generated during the operation of the photovoltaic panels and the thermoelectric power generation devices through the evaporation process, so that a stable temperature difference is maintained on both sides of the thermoelectric power generation devices. The hydrogel hygroscopic water film is made of environmentally friendly materials and will not cause pollution to the environment. It has good stability in repeated water absorption and dehydration cycles and can continuously and efficiently reduce the system temperature without the need for additional energy consumption.

[0018] The water supply and storage circulation system includes a condensation box arranged on the outside of the evaporative cooling layer, and the water outlet side of the condensation box is connected to a condensation water collection box. The water output end of the condensation water collection box is connected to the evaporative cooling layer for supplying water to the evaporative cooling layer. The condensation box can collect and condense the remaining water vapor after evaporation from the evaporative cooling layer to realize the recycling of water resources, which not only reduces the waste of water resources, but also reduces the water replenishment demand of the system and improves the overall water utilization efficiency. The condensation water collection box is responsible for collecting the condensation water generated by the condensation box and storing it to ensure the orderly management and utilization of the condensation water and avoid the waste of water resources. Together, they form an efficient, closed-loop cooling system, which not only improves the energy efficiency of the system, but also reduces the dependence on external water resources.

[0019] By providing adjustable vents on both sides of the condensation box, the heat exchange efficiency between the system and the external environment can be increased by adjusting the opening and closing of the vents at night or when the temperature is low. This improvement enables the system to operate efficiently under different climatic conditions and is more adaptable.

[0020] The water output end of the condensed water collection box is provided with a water pump, which can pump the water in the condensed water collection box to the evaporative cooling layer for evaporative heat dissipation.

[0021] The condensate collection tank is connected to an external water source, which can serve as a supplement to the condensate collection tank to ensure that the evaporative cooling layer can still obtain sufficient moisture for evaporative cooling under extreme weather conditions such as prolonged drought or strong sunshine, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the overall system and enabling it to adapt to a wider range of environmental conditions.

[0022] The condensate collection box is a metal condensate collection box. The metal condensate collection box is usually made of stainless steel or other high-strength metals, and has high compression, tension and impact resistance. While ensuring that the condensate collection box can maintain structural integrity and stability during long-term use, the metal has good thermal conductivity and can quickly transfer the heat released by the condensate to the surrounding environment to maintain the temperature inside the condensate collection box stable.

[0023] The system also includes an external protective shell, which is arranged on the outside of the photovoltaic panel and extends from the photovoltaic panel to the outside of the evaporative cooling layer, providing an additional layer of physical protection for the entire power generation device, which can resist the erosion of the external environment, such as wind, sand, rain, snow, ultraviolet rays, etc., and reduce damage and maintenance costs caused by environmental factors.

[0024] The angle between the photovoltaic panel and the horizontal direction is greater than 0° and less than 90°, which can not only more effectively receive direct and scattered radiation from the sun, but also help reduce deformation and damage of the photovoltaic panel caused by external factors such as wind pressure and snow pressure, which improves the overall stability of the system and prolongs the service life of the photovoltaic panel. It is also conducive to the collection of condensed water in the evaporative cooling layer.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for generating electricity by utilizing waste heat using the above-mentioned device, which transmits the current generated by the photovoltaic panel receiving solar energy to a battery energy storage; transmits the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panel to the first conductive strip via the first ceramic plate and is transferred to the evaporative cooling layer via the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor for evaporative heat dissipation, forms a stable temperature difference between the two ends of the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor, generates current and transmits it to the battery energy storage via the second conductive strip, thereby realizing the waste heat utilization and power generation process. This method not only utilizes the photovoltaic panel to directly receive solar energy to generate electricity, but also converts the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panel into additional electricity through an innovative waste heat utilization mechanism. This dual energy conversion mechanism not only significantly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the entire system, but also enhances the overall stability and fault tolerance of the system by increasing the thermal energy conversion path of the system. There is no additional energy consumption and no harmful substances or greenhouse gas emissions are generated, which conforms to the green, low-carbon and sustainable development concept and helps promote the transformation and upgrading of the global energy structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for waste heat utilization based on evaporative cooling.

[0028] Among them, 1-photovoltaic panel, 2-first ceramic plate, 3-first conductive strip, 4-P-type semiconductor, 5-N-type semiconductor, 6-second conductive strip, 7-second ceramic plate, 8-evaporative cooling layer, 9-condensed water, 10-condensation box, 11-first adjustable vent, 12-second adjustable vent, 13-system external protective shell, 14-condensed water collection box, 15-battery energy storage, 16-water pump, 17-external water source. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0030] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In addition, if the term "horizontal" appears, it does not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", which does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0036] See also Figure 1The present invention discloses a photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling, comprising a photovoltaic panel 1 and a system external protective shell 13; the angle between the photovoltaic panel 1 and the horizontal direction is greater than 0° and less than 90°, and the back plate side of the photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to a first ceramic plate 2; the first ceramic plate 2 is connected to a plurality of first conductive strips 3; each first conductive strip 3 is connected to a P-type semiconductor 4 and an N-type semiconductor 5; the P-type semiconductor 4 and the N-type semiconductor 5 are respectively connected to a second conductive strip 6; the second conductive strip 6 is sequentially connected to a second ceramic plate 7 and an evaporative cooling layer 8, and the evaporative cooling layer 8 is a hydrogel hygroscopic water film; the photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to a battery Energy storage 15; the second conductive strip 6 is connected to the battery energy storage 15; the evaporative cooling layer 8 is connected to a water supply and storage circulation system; the water supply and storage circulation system includes a condensation box 10 arranged outside the evaporative cooling layer 8; the angle between the condensation box 10 and the horizontal direction is less than or greater than 0° and less than 90°; the water outlet side of the condensation box 10 is connected to a condensation water collection box 14, which is a metal condensation water collection box, and the water output end of the condensation water collection box 14 is connected to the evaporative cooling layer 8, which is used to supply water to the evaporative cooling layer 8; the water output end of the condensation water collection box 14 is provided with a water pump 16; the condensation water collection box 14 is connected to an external water source 17. The system external protective shell 13 is arranged outside the photovoltaic panel 1, and extends from the photovoltaic panel 1 to the outside of the evaporative cooling layer 8, which is used to provide protection for the internal photovoltaic panel 1, the first ceramic plate 2; the first conductive strip 3, the P-type semiconductor 4, the N-type semiconductor 5, the second conductive strip 6, the second ceramic plate 7 and the evaporative cooling layer 8.

[0037] When the photovoltaic panel 1 is in the daytime power generation working state, the generated electric energy is stored in the battery energy storage 15; the large amount of heat generated by the photovoltaic panel 1 is transferred from the back side of the photovoltaic panel to the ceramic plate 2 in close contact; the photovoltaic panel 1 serves as the hot side of the thermoelectric power generation device, and a first metal conductive strip 3 is arranged on the other side of the ceramic plate 2, and a P-type semiconductor 4 and an N-type semiconductor 5 are fixed on the other side of each first conductive strip 3, and the ends of the P-type semiconductor 4 and the N-type semiconductor 5 are connected to a conductive strip 6, which transfers the current to the battery energy storage 15, and transfers the electric energy generated in the P-type semiconductor 4 and the N-type semiconductor 5 to the battery energy storage 15 for collection, and an external protective shell 13 of the system is arranged outside the P-type semiconductor 4 and the N-type semiconductor 5 to protect the stability of the internal materials of the system. The other side of the ceramic plate 7 is provided with an evaporative cooling layer 8 as the cold side of the thermoelectric power generation device. The hygroscopic hydrogel is selected as the evaporative cooling material to realize the water vapor adsorption-evaporative cooling of the photovoltaic module. By absorbing water vapor in the ambient air at night, it becomes a cooling medium during the day, and takes away the heat generated during the operation of the photovoltaic module through the water evaporation process. This feature enables the composite backplane to achieve a good continuous passive cooling effect without any metal parts or a large amount of cooling medium. The photovoltaic panel 1 forms a sufficient temperature difference with the evaporative cooling layer 8, so that the carriers inside the thermoelectric power generation device system will move and generate current. By arranging a metal condensation box 10 on the outside of the evaporative cooling layer 8, and arranging adjustable vents on both sides of the condensation box 10, the adjustable vents can be opened at night when the temperature is low or the temperature is low, so as to increase the heat exchange with the outdoor environment, so that the moisture in the air at night contacts with the metal box to condense, and the generated condensed water 9 is collected by the inclined condensation box 10 through the drainage pipe into the condensed water collection box 14 for system circulation. At the same time, an external water source 17 is set up to be connected to the condensed water collection box 14. The condensed water collection box 14 is provided with a water pump 16 to supply water to the evaporative cooling layer 8, so that the evaporative cooling layer 8 is always in a moist state, thereby cooling the entire power generation device, maintaining a stable temperature difference between the cold side and the hot side, and making full use of waste heat without consuming excess energy, thereby ensuring a stable working environment for photovoltaic components and thermoelectric power generation device components and improving the stability and service life of the device.

[0038] See also Figure 2 The present invention also provides a method for generating electricity by utilizing waste heat using the above device, comprising: S1: Transmitting the current generated by the photovoltaic panel 1 receiving solar energy to the battery energy storage 15 for storage; S2: The waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panel 1 is transmitted to the first conductive strip 3 via the first ceramic plate 2 and then transferred to the evaporative cooling layer 8 via the P-type semiconductor 4 and the N-type semiconductor 5 for evaporative heat dissipation, forming a stable temperature difference between the P-type semiconductor 4 and the N-type semiconductor 5, generating current which is transmitted to the battery energy storage 15 for storage via the second conductive strip 6, thus completing the waste heat utilization power generation process.

[0039] This method not only uses photovoltaic panels to directly receive solar energy to generate electricity, but also converts the waste heat generated by photovoltaic panels into additional electricity through an innovative waste heat utilization mechanism. This dual energy conversion mechanism not only significantly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the entire system, but also enhances the overall stability and fault tolerance of the system by increasing the system's thermal energy conversion path. There is no additional energy consumption and no harmful substances or greenhouse gas emissions. It is in line with the green, low-carbon, and sustainable development concept and helps promote the transformation and upgrading of the global energy structure.

[0040] In summary, the present invention provides a photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device and method based on evaporative cooling. By cleverly combining photovoltaic panels with semiconductor thermoelectric conversion elements and evaporative cooling technology, efficient conversion and utilization of energy are achieved. At the same time, a stable temperature difference is provided for thermoelectric power generation device components through the combination of waste heat power generation and evaporative cooling technology, so that the thermoelectric power generation device components can work stably, and the waste heat of the photovoltaic components can be continuously and effectively converted into electrical energy storage, thereby realizing multi-level utilization of energy and efficient operation of the system to the greatest extent, which is conducive to energy conservation, emission reduction and sustainable development.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to impose any limitation on the technical solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, the technical solution can also be subjected to several simple modifications and substitutions, and these modifications and substitutions are also within the scope of protection covered by the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic waste heat power generation device based on evaporative cooling, characterized in that: The invention comprises a photovoltaic panel (1), wherein a first ceramic panel (2) is connected to the back panel side of the photovoltaic panel (1); the first ceramic panel (2) is connected to a plurality of first conductive strips (3); each first conductive strip (3) is connected to a P-type semiconductor (4) and an N-type semiconductor (5); the P-type semiconductor (4) and the N-type semiconductor (5) are respectively connected to a second conductive strip (6); the second conductive strip (6) is sequentially connected to a second ceramic panel (7) and an evaporative cooling layer (8); the photovoltaic panel (1) is connected to a battery energy storage (15); the second conductive strip (6) is connected to the battery energy storage (15); and the evaporative cooling layer (8) is connected to a water supply and storage circulation system.

2. The photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The evaporative cooling layer (8) is a hydrogel hygroscopic water film.

3. The photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water supply and storage circulation system comprises a condensation box (10) arranged outside the evaporative cooling layer (8); the water outlet side of the condensation box (10) is connected to a condensation water collection box (14); the water output end of the condensation water collection box (14) is connected to the evaporative cooling layer (8) for supplying water to the evaporative cooling layer (8).

4. The photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The condensation box (10) is provided with a first adjustable vent (11) on one side, and a second adjustable vent (12) on the other side.

5. The photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A water pump (16) is provided at the water output end of the condensed water collection tank (14).

6. The photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The condensed water collection box (14) is connected to an external water source (17).

7. The photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The condensed water collection box (14) is a metal condensed water collection box (14).

8. The photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also comprises a system external protective shell (13), wherein the system external protective shell (13) is arranged on the outside of the photovoltaic panel (1) and extends from the photovoltaic panel (1) to the outside of the evaporative cooling layer (8).

9. The photovoltaic waste heat utilization power generation device based on evaporative cooling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle between the photovoltaic panel (1) and the horizontal direction is greater than 0° and less than 90°.

10. A method for generating electricity by utilizing waste heat using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Transmitting the electric current generated by the photovoltaic panel (1) receiving solar energy to the battery energy storage (15) for storage; The waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panel (1) is transmitted to the first conductive strip (3) via the first ceramic plate (2) and then transferred to the evaporative cooling layer (8) via the P-type semiconductor (4) and the N-type semiconductor (5) for evaporative heat dissipation, thereby forming a stable temperature difference between the two ends of the P-type semiconductor (4) and the N-type semiconductor (5), generating a current which is transmitted to the battery energy storage (15) for storage via the second conductive strip (6), thereby completing the waste heat utilization power generation process.

Images