System and method for enclosing PFAS

Abstract

A system for enclosing perfluoroand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the system comprising: a. A substrate having at least one surface; b. A barrier layer encapsulating at least one surface of the substrate, where the barrier layer comprises a polyurea polymer formed as a reaction product of an isocyanate, a polyol, an amine, a chain extender, and at least one additive, where the barrier layer with the polyurea polymer encapsulating the at least one surface limits movement of the PFAS.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to systems for containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), methods for containing PFAS, and uses thereof. Background Art

[0002] Perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are being widely used in a variety of applications, including as fire extinguishing agents at military bases, airports, chemical facilities, etc. The use of PFAS can lead to PFAS contamination in exposed areas and adjacent areas. On substrates such as concrete pavement or concrete water / sewage pipes, exposure to water through precipitation causes PFAS contaminants to leach into surface water, which further contaminates nearby surface and groundwater and ultimately contaminates drinking water. The class of chemicals classified as PFAS is known to cause serious health effects (e.g., inducing various cancers) at very low levels. Various physical barriers and containment systems have been studied for the general containment of PFAS, including concrete walls, tanks / containers based on metal materials or composite materials, with or without encapsulated barrier materials. As mentioned above, concrete is prone to leaching, so better barrier materials are needed.

[0003] The physical and chemical properties of barrier materials may make them unsuitable for containment, such as high film thickness, high VOC values, long drying time / curing time, inappropriate Shore hardness and tensile strength. When a containment system is to be deployed to contain PFAS contaminants, barrier materials with better physical and application properties are required. The properties of some barrier materials have been observed. Acrylic materials, alkyd resin materials, and cementitious materials as barrier materials show longer drying times and higher VOC values ​​as listed below.

[0004]

[0005]

[0006] Epoxy materials as barrier layers also show significant film thickness, longer drying times, higher VOC values, inadequate hardness and tensile strength as listed below.

[0007]

[0008]

[0009] Vinyl ester based materials as barrier layers also show significant film thickness, longer drying times, higher VOC values ​​and tensile strength and low abrasion resistance as listed below.

[0010]

[0011] Latex materials, methyl methacrylate resin materials, polyaspartic acid materials, rubber-based materials, and urethane materials as barrier layers also show significant film thickness, longer drying time, higher VOC values, and inappropriate tensile strength as listed below.

[0012]

[0013]

[0014] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a system for containing PFAS such that the barrier layer used is associated with improved physical and application properties and exhibits improved containment of PFAS contaminants from PFAS-contaminated substrates. Summary of the invention

[0015] Surprisingly, it has been found that the system for containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the method for containing PFAS and their use according to the present invention solve the objective problems identified above.

[0016] Thus, in one aspect, the presently claimed invention is directed to a system for containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the system comprising:

[0017] a. a substrate having at least one surface;

[0018] b. a barrier layer encapsulating at least one surface of the substrate,

[0019] The barrier layer comprises at least one isocyanate, at least one polyol,

[0020] a polyurea polymer formed from the reaction product of at least one amine, at least one chain extender and at least one additive,

[0021] The barrier layer having the polyurea polymer encapsulating at least one surface restricts the migration of PFAS.

[0022] In another aspect, the presently claimed invention is directed to a method for containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the method comprising at least the steps of:

[0023] a. Providing a substrate having at least one surface;

[0024] b. encapsulating at least one surface of the substrate with a barrier layer having a polyurea polymer;

[0025] c. optionally curing the polyurea polymer,

[0026] The barrier layer having the polyurea polymer encapsulating at least one surface restricts the migration of PFAS.

[0027] In another aspect, the presently claimed invention relates to the use of containment systems to limit the movement of PFAS in buildings, contain general contaminants, enclose items, prepare bags, and prepare containment units. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Before describing the inventive compositions and formulations of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific compositions and formulations described, as such compositions and formulations may of course vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is not intended to be limiting, as the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims.

[0029] As used herein, the terms "comprising" and "consisting of" are synonymous with "including", or "containing", and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited components, elements, or method steps. It should be understood that as used herein, the terms "comprising" and "consisting of" include the term "consisting of".

[0030] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)", etc. in the specification and claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and not necessarily to describe a sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable where appropriate and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operating in other sequences than those described or illustrated herein. If the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(A)", "(B)" and "(C)" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)", "i", "ii", etc. refer to steps of a method or use or assay, there is no temporal or temporal coherence between these steps, i.e., these steps may be performed simultaneously, or there may be time intervals of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months or even years between such steps, unless otherwise indicated in this application as described above or below.

[0031] In the following paragraphs, different aspects of the present invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined can be combined with any other one or more aspects, unless the contrary is clearly indicated. In particular, any feature indicated as preferred or advantageous can be combined with any other one or more features indicated as preferred or advantageous.

[0032] Reference to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" throughout the specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but may refer to the same embodiment. In addition, in one or more embodiments, features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure. In addition, although some embodiments described herein include some features, other features included in other embodiments are not included, the combination of features of different embodiments is intended to be within the scope of the present invention and to form different embodiments, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. For example, in the appended claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.

[0033] Furthermore, ranges defined throughout the specification also include the endpoints, ie, a range of 1 to 10 means that both 1 and 10 are included in the range. For the avoidance of doubt, the applicant shall have any equivalent rights under applicable law.

[0034] One aspect of the present invention relates to a system for containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the system comprising:

[0035] a. a substrate having at least one surface;

[0036] b. a barrier layer encapsulating at least one surface of the substrate,

[0037] wherein the barrier layer comprises a polyurea polymer formed as a reaction product of at least one isocyanate, at least one polyol, at least one amine, at least one chain extender, and at least one additive,

[0038] The barrier layer having the polyurea polymer encapsulating at least one surface restricts the migration of PFAS.

[0039] PFAS

[0040] Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are organofluorine compounds containing a perfluoroalkyl moiety, which are substances containing at least one fully perfluorinated methyl group or a perfluorinated methylene group.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, PFAS include 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid ('6:2-FTS), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorosulfonic acids such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), short chain PFAS such as perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSA), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid and its ammonium salt (HFPO-DA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA). In one embodiment, PFAS include hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid (NEtFOSAA), N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid (NMeFOSAA), perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA ), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), 11-chloroeicosanofluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid (11Cl-PF3OUdS), 9-chlorohexafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS), 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (ADONA), and their ammonium salts, sodium salts and potassium salts.

[0042] Base

[0043] The substrate is defined by at least one surface.

[0044] In one embodiment, the substrate includes concrete, reinforcement materials, fabrics, containers, water tanks, ducts, pipes, covers, cover liners, aluminum, steel, asphalt pavement, polyurethane foam, ship cabins, geotextiles, pipelines, decks, manholes and fuel tanks, cylinders, uneven surfaces, soil / dirt or fuel tanks.

[0045] In one embodiment, the shapes of the substrate are flat sheets, spheres, cubes, tubes, cones, trapezoids, cylinders, uneven surfaces, and soil / dirt.

[0046] Substrate surface

[0047] In one embodiment, at least one surface of the substrate fully or partially encloses the voids or hollow spaces.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the substrate comprises a completely covered hollow space, such as, but not limited to, a container, tank, pipeline, conduit, and the like.

[0049] In another preferred embodiment, the substrate comprises a partially covered hollow space, such as, but not limited to, a pipe, pipeline, duct, air tank opening, rainwater collection pit, sheet, and the like.

[0050] In yet another preferred embodiment, the interstices or hollow spaces of the substrate are uniformly filled with a material that is different from at least one surface of the substrate, such as but not limited to a multi-layer slab or the like.

[0051] In yet another embodiment, the interstices or hollow spaces of the substrate are uniformly filled with the same material as the material defining at least one surface of the substrate, such as, but not limited to, a slab, a concrete slab, or the like.

[0052] Base material

[0053] In one embodiment, the substrate and at least one surface of the substrate are formed from the same material. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one surface alone defines the substrate.

[0054] In another embodiment, the substrate and at least one surface of the substrate are formed of different materials.

[0055] Materials include but are not limited to cement, concrete, elastic materials, fibers, glass materials, wood, hard surface sheets, metals, plastic units, composite materials, etc. These materials are disclosed in a detailed manner below:

[0056] Composite Materials

[0057] Composite materials include thermoplastic composites, polyamides, copolyamides, aromatic polyamides, thermoplastic polyurethanes, thermoset composites, or any combination thereof.

[0058] fiber

[0059] The fibers include nonwoven fibers or fabrics, woven fabrics or wrinkle-free fabrics. The fibers include natural fibers, synthetic fibers or glass fibers. Synthetic fibers are, for example, carbon fibers or polyester fibers. Natural fibers are, for example, cellulose bast fibers. The nonwoven fibers may also include a small amount of synthetic thermoplastic fibers, such as polyethylene terephthalate fibers (PET). The fibers may be synthetic polyester fibers or other fibers having similar properties. Glass fibers include chopped glass fibers.

[0060] Although any suitable binder can be used to bind the chopped glass fibers, an acrylic binder is preferred. The acrylic binder is a water-based acrylic resin that is cured. The binder is cured, for example, by carboxyl groups and multifunctional alcohols.

[0061] In one embodiment, the fibers are bonded by a binder. The binder comprises an acrylic binder. In one embodiment, the elastic material is a layer formed by sandwiching at least two sheets of a rigid material. The acrylic binder is a polymer or copolymer containing acrylic acid units, methacrylic acid units, their esters or related derivatives. The acrylic binder is formed, for example, by aqueous emulsion polymerization using (meth)acrylic acid (wherein conventional (meth)acrylic acid is intended to include both acrylic acid and methacrylic acid), 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, amyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, isoamyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, heptyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, dec ... decyl (meth)acrylate, undecyl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, octadecyl (meth)acrylate, octadecyl (meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, ethoxydiglycol (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, methoxyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, carbitol (meth)acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentadienyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate, tricyclodecyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, bornyl (meth)acrylate, or a mixture thereof.

[0062] Other monomers (usually in small amounts) that can be copolymerized with the (meth)acrylic monomer include styrene, diacetone (meth)acrylamide, isobutoxymethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl caprolactam, N,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide, tert-octyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-diethyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N'-dimethyl-aminopropyl (meth)acrylamide, (meth)acryloylmorpholine; vinyl ethers such as hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, lauryl vinyl ether, cetyl vinyl ether and 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether; maleates; fumarates and similar compounds.

[0063] The polyfunctional alcohol is, for example, hydroquinone, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, cresol or an alkylene polyol containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms, including ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol or 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol or 1,4-butylene glycol, pentanediol, hexanediol, octanediol, dodecanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,3-cyclopentanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol or 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-dihydroxymethylcyclohexane, glycerol, tri(β-hydroxyethyl)amine, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol and sorbitol.

[0064] In one embodiment, the substrate comprises a fabric bag, a trash bag, a fabric encapsulating building materials.

[0065] Concrete

[0066] In one embodiment, the substrate is a concrete unit for forming a fence, wall, pavement, enclosure unit including structures above ground, partially or completely below ground, partially or completely submerged in water. The concrete unit includes a concrete house unit.

[0067] Reinforcement Materials

[0068] In another embodiment, the substrate includes a reinforcing material for forming a fence, wall, pavement, containment unit including a structure above ground, partially or completely below ground, partially or completely immersed in water. The reinforcing material includes concrete reinforced with metal, fiber reinforced glass, metal reinforced plastic, composite steel bars, and the like.

[0069] Metal

[0070] In another embodiment, the substrate comprises a metal used to form a fence, wall, pavement, containment unit, including structures above ground, partially or completely below ground, partially or completely submerged in water. Metals include elemental metals and metal compounds. Metals include aluminum, iron, steel, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate comprises a metal container.

[0071] In another embodiment, the substrate includes containers for storing water, fuel, other fluids, grain, soil, food, gas, solid matter. The container includes a container that is above ground, partially or completely below ground, partially or completely submerged in water. The substrate includes a water storage unit, a fuel storage unit, a grain storage unit, and the like.

[0072] Other substrates

[0073] In another embodiment, the substrate comprises a pipe, a cover, a cover liner, a sheet.

[0074] In another embodiment, the substrate includes conduits for transporting water, fuel, and other liquids / fluids.

[0075] In another embodiment, the substrate includes a cover and a cover liner.

[0076] In another embodiment, the substrate comprises a sheet. In a preferred embodiment, the sheet is used to separate one soil layer from another soil layer. In a more preferred embodiment, the substrate is a protective sheet that separates the topsoil from the bottom soil contaminated by PFAS contaminants for farming / agricultural production to grow crops, plant trees, etc.

[0077] In another embodiment, other types of substrates also include asphalt pavement, polyurethane foam, ship cabins, geotextiles, decks, manholes, pipelines, and fuel tanks.

[0078] Coating on substrate

[0079] In one embodiment, the substrate is defined as comprising a coating on a surface of the substrate.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the coating on the substrate surface is formed from an epoxy resin material.

[0081] In a more preferred embodiment, the substrate is coated with an epoxy coating and the barrier layer having a polyurea polymer is coated on top of the epoxy coating.

[0082] In another more preferred embodiment, the epoxy coating is disposed on a concrete substrate, fabric, trash bag, can, or the like.

[0083] An advantage of a system for containing PFAS having an epoxy coating between a substrate and a barrier layer having a polyurea polymer coating is the increased adhesion of the polyurea coating to the substrate and, in turn, to the epoxy coating.

[0084] In one embodiment, the substrate is not contaminated with any PFAS contaminants, or is contaminated with at least one PFAS contaminant.

[0085] Uncontaminated substrate

[0086] An uncontaminated substrate is a substrate that has not been exposed to any PFAS contaminants, such that no PFAS contaminants are present on at least one surface of the substrate or within the voids or filler materials of the substrate. In a preferred embodiment, the uncontaminated substrate includes a water tank, a fuel tank, a food storage container, a liquid storage unit, a drinking water tank, a cover, a soil cover, a rainwater collection unit, a roof surface, a brick wall, a wall unit, a soakaway pit, a drainage pit, a concrete slab, a pavement, and the like.

[0087] Contaminated substrate

[0088] The contaminated substrate is a substrate that has been exposed to, affected by, or treated with at least one PFAS contaminant, such that at least one PFAS contaminant is present, embedded, mixed, or tightly bound on at least one surface of the substrate or within the voids or filler materials of the substrate. In a preferred embodiment, the contaminated substrate includes a PFAS storage unit, a PFAS-contaminated water tank, a PFAS-contaminated soil cover, or a substrate exposed to firefighting foam.

[0089] In one embodiment, the substrate is contaminated with PFAS.

[0090] In another embodiment, the substrate is concrete.

[0091] In another embodiment, the system is a reinforced fabric such that the substrate is a fabric and a surface of the fabric is coated with a barrier layer having a polyurea polymer.

[0092] Barrier materials

[0093] The barrier layer encapsulates at least one surface of the substrate.

[0094] The barrier layer comprises a polyurea polymer formed as the reaction product of at least one isocyanate, at least one polyol, at least one amine, at least one chain extender, and at least one additive.

[0095] The barrier layer having the polyurea polymer encapsulates at least one surface of the substrate. The barrier layer inhibits the migration of PFAS from the surface.

[0096] In one embodiment, the barrier layer comprises a polyurea polymer fully or partially encapsulated on at least one surface of the substrate.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment, the system for containing PFAS has a barrier layer comprising a polyurea polymer formed as the reaction product of a mixture comprising:

[0098] aPart A, wherein Part A includes:

[0099] i. at least one first amine;

[0100] ii. Optionally, at least one first chain extender;

[0101] iii. optionally, a polyol composition comprising at least one first polyol; and

[0102] iv. Optionally, at least one first additive selected from triols, curing agents, slow gelling agents, catalysts, molecular sieves, colorants / pigments, defoamers, stabilizers, coupling agents, antioxidants, mold release agents, liquid rheological additives and thickeners;

[0103] and

[0104] bPart B, wherein Part B comprises:

[0105] i. an isocyanate mixture comprising at least one isocyanate;

[0106] ii. optionally, at least one second polyol;

[0107] iii. optionally, at least one second amine;

[0108] iv. Optionally, at least one second additive selected from propylene carbonate, benzoyl chloride, methyl diphenyl phosphine oxide, diisodecyl adipate, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; diols / triols.

[0109] Polyurea polymer

[0110] The polyurea polymer is formed as the reaction product of a mixture comprising:

[0111] aPart A; and

[0112] b. The B portion includes an isocyanate composition.

[0113] Section A

[0114] Part A includes:

[0115] a. at least one first amine;

[0116] b. Optionally, at least one first chain extender;

[0117] c. Optionally, a polyol composition comprising at least one first polyol;

[0118] d. Optionally, at least one additive selected from triols, curing agents, slow gelling agents, catalysts, molecular sieves, colorants / pigments, defoamers, stabilizers, coupling agents, antioxidants, mold release agents, liquid rheology additives, and thickeners.

[0119] amine :

[0120] The at least one first amine includes primary amines and secondary amines.

[0121] In one embodiment, the at least one first amine is a primary amine.

[0122] In one embodiment, at least one first amine is a secondary amine selected from the group consisting of: N1,N3-diisopropyl-4-methyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diamine, 4-methyl-N1,N3-di-sec-butyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diamine, 2-methyl-N1,N3-di-sec-butyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diamine, N1,N3-dibenzyl-2-methyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diamine, N1,N3-dibenzyl-4-methyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diamine, N1,N3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diamine, N-isopropyl-3-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexylamine, N-sec-butyl-4-[ [4-(sec-butylamino)phenyl]methyl]aniline, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)hexane-1,6-diamine, N,N'-diethyl-2-butene-1,4-diamine, N,N'-diisopropyl-1,3-propanediamine, N,N'-diisopropylethylenediamine, N,N'-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-5,7-dione, 1,4-diazacycloheptane, 1,2-dimethylethylenediamine, 1,2-diisopropylethylenediamine, N-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)cyclohexylamine, N-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)cycloheptylamine, and 2-methyl-N-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)propan-2-amine.

[0123] In one embodiment, the at least one first amine includes polyetheramines, difunctional primary amines, poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether), and amine terminated polyoxypropylene glycols.

[0124] In one embodiment, the mixture comprises at least one first amine in the range of 5.0 wt% to 60 wt%. In a more preferred embodiment, the mixture comprises at least one first amine in the range of 5.0 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0125] In one embodiment, the at least one first amine is selected from a polyetheramine, an amine catalyst, an amine chain extender. The amine catalyst is different from the catalyst described herein. The amine chain extender is different from the chain extender described herein.

[0126] In one embodiment, the at least one first amine in the polyurea polymer comprises an amine chain extender. The amine chain extender comprises a cycloaliphatic secondary amine curing agent having low reactivity, and isophorone diamine.

[0127] Chain Extender :

[0128] The at least one first chain extender is different from the amine chain extenders and polyols described herein.

[0129] In one embodiment, suitable at least one first chain extender and / or crosslinker is present in the polyurea polymer reaction mixture, Part A. Difunctional at least one first chain extender, trifunctional and higher functionalized crosslinkers, or mixtures thereof may be added if appropriate.

[0130] In one embodiment, the at least one first chain extender has a molecular weight of less than 499 g / mol. In the context of the present invention, the at least one first chain extender is understood to mean a compound having at least two functional groups reactive toward isocyanate (e.g., hydroxyl groups, amino groups, or thiol groups) and a molecular weight of less than 499 g / mol. At the same time, in the context of the present invention, the polyol composition also does not contain such compounds.

[0131] In another embodiment, the at least one first chain extender and / or crosslinker used is preferably a diol and / or triol having a molecular weight preferably between 60 g / mol and 300 g / mol. Suitable amounts of at least one first chain extender and / or crosslinker may be added, and these additives are known to those skilled in the art.

[0132] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one first chain extender is in the range of 0.0 wt % to 20.0 wt % of Part A. In a more preferred embodiment, the at least one first chain extender is in the range of 0.1 wt % to 20.0 wt %, or in the range of 0.2 wt % to 20.0 wt %, or in the range of 0.3 wt % to 20.0 wt %, or in the range of 0.4 wt % to 20.0 wt %, or in the range of 0.5 wt % to 20.0 wt %. In a more preferred embodiment, the at least one first chain extender is in the range of 0.5 wt % to 18.0 wt %, or in the range of 0.5 wt % to 15.0 wt % of Part A.

[0133] Preferably, the molecular weight of the at least one first chain extender is less than 300 g / mol, or is 10 g / mol to 210 g / mol. Another preferred molecular weight of the at least one first chain extender is 50 g / mol to 150 g / mol, or 50 g / mol to 120 g / mol, or 60 g / mol to 120 g / mol.

[0134] Suitable at least one first chain extender may be selected from monoethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,2-dihydroxycyclohexane, 1,3-dihydroxycyclohexane, 1,4-dihydroxycyclohexane, diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)hydroquinone, dipropylene glycol, glycerol, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. Preferably, the chain extender may be selected from 1,2-ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQEE), and / or resorcinol or 1,3-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)resorcinol hydroxyethyl ether (HER).

[0135] In one embodiment, suitable at least one first chain extender and / or crosslinker present in the polyurea polymer composition is further described. Difunctional chain extenders, trifunctional and higher functional crosslinkers, or, if appropriate, mixtures thereof may be added. The at least one first chain extender and / or crosslinker used is preferably a diol and / or triol having a molecular weight preferably between 60 g / mol and 300 g / mol. Suitable amounts of at least one first chain extender and / or crosslinker may be added, these additives being known to those skilled in the art.

[0136] In the context of the present invention, the amount of the at least one first chain extender and the polyol composition can vary within a wide range. Preferably, the weight ratio between the at least one first chain extender and the polyol composition is from 0.1:1.0 to 1.0:1.0. In another embodiment, the weight ratio between the at least one first chain extender and the polyol composition is from 0.2:1.0 to 0.9:1.0, or from 0.21:1.0 to 0.9:1.0, or from 0.22:1.0 to 0.9:1.0.

[0137] For the preparation of polyurea polymers, it is necessary to maintain a suitable isocyanate index. The index is defined herein as the ratio of the total number of isocyanate groups of the isocyanate composition used in the reaction to the isocyanate reactive groups (i.e., the groups of the polyol composition and the chain extender). When the index is 100, each isocyanate group of the isocyanate composition has one active hydrogen atom. When the index exceeds 100, there are more isocyanate groups than isocyanate reactive groups. In one embodiment, the index used to prepare polyurea polymers is from 90 to 110. In a preferred embodiment, the isocyanate index value is 100.

[0138] Suitable at least one first chain extender and / or crosslinking agent may also be present in the reaction mixture, as described above. Bifunctional chain extenders, trifunctional and higher functional crosslinking agents, or, if appropriate, mixtures thereof may be added. The at least one first chain extender and / or crosslinking agent used is preferably a diol and / or triol having a molecular weight preferably between 60 g / mol and 300 g / mol. Suitable amounts of these chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents may be added, and they are known to those skilled in the art. For example, at least one first chain extender and / or crosslinking agent may be present in an amount of up to 60 wt % or up to 20 wt % based on the total weight of the polyurethane resin composition.

[0139] In one embodiment, the at least one first chain extender includes monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol MFG, 1,4-butanediol (BDO), and diethyltoluenediamine.

[0140] In one embodiment, the mixture comprises at least one first chain extender in the range of 0.5 wt % to 20.0 wt %. In a preferred embodiment, the mixture comprises at least one first chain extender in the range of 0.5 wt % to 18 wt %, or in the range of 0.5 wt % to 15 wt %, or in the range of 0.5 wt % to 14.0 wt %.

[0141] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction mixture comprises at least one first chain extender and / or crosslinker having a molecular weight in the range of 49 g / mol to 399 g / mol.

[0142] Polyol composition :

[0143] The polyol composition comprises at least one first polyol. In one embodiment, the at least one first polyol is selected from polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyetherester polyols, polytetrahydrofuran, polyester diols, or combinations thereof.

[0144] In one embodiment, the at least one first polyol composition comprises at least one first polyol having an OH value in the range of 20 mg KOH / g to 1000 mg KOH / g.

[0145] Preferably, the at least one first polyol has an OH value in the range of 20 mg KOH / g to 1000 mg KOH / g, or in the range of 20 mg KOH / g to 950 mg KOH / g, or in the range of 20 mg KOH / g to 900 mg KOH / g.

[0146] Preferably, the molecular weight distribution of the at least one first polyol used is 500 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, or 550 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, or 600 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, or 700 g / mol to 5000 g / mol. In another embodiment, the molecular weight distribution of the at least one first polyol used is 800 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, or 900 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, or 1000 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, or 1100 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, or 1200 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, or 1300 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, or 1400 g / mol to 1500 g / mol, or 1600 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, or 1700 g / mol to 5000 g / mol. More preferably, the at least one first polyol has a molecular weight of 1800 g / mol to 4900 g / mol. Even more preferably, the at least one first polyol has a molecular weight in the range of 1900 g / mol to 4900 g / mol. Even more preferably, the at least one first polyol has a molecular weight in the range of 2000 g / mol to 4800 g / mol.

[0147] Preferred polyol compositions include two different first polyols in a molecular weight ratio within the range of 1:10 to 10:1, or 1:9 to 9:1, or 1:8 to 8:1, or 1:7 to 7:1, or 1:6 to 6:1, or 1:5 to 5:1, or 1:4 to 4:1, or 1:3 to 3:1, or 1:2 to 2: 1. More preferred polyol compositions include two first polyols in a molecular weight ratio of 1:1.

[0148] Another preferred polyol composition is a polyol mixture (i) based on a mixture of at least two different polyols prepared separately. The expression "at least two polyols" means that two different polyols with different average molecular weight ranges are used. Preferably, the polyol composition comprises a first polyol with a molecular weight in the range of 500 g / mol to 2450 g / mol and a second polyol with a molecular weight in the range of 2500 g / mol to 5000 g / mol in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0149] In another embodiment, the polyether polyol can be obtained by a known method, for example, by anionic polymerization using an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide or an alkali metal alkoxide such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide or potassium isopropoxide as a catalyst and adding at least one amine-containing starter molecule, or by cationic polymerization of one or more alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene moiety using a Lewis acid such as antimony pentachloride, boron fluoride etherate or fuller's earth as a catalyst.

[0150] Polyether polyols are usually the product of polymerization of epoxides such as ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), butylene oxide, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin, or the product of polymerization by adding such epoxides, optionally in admixture or sequentially, to starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms (such as water, alcohol, ammonia or amine). Such "starter molecules" usually have a functionality of 1 to 6. It depends on the process control. Such polyether polyols can be homopolymers, block copolymers, random copolymers, end-capped polymers, or polymers end-capped with a mixture of different epoxides.

[0151] The starter molecules are generally selected such that their average functionality is preferably in the range from 2.0 to 8.0, more preferably in the range from 3.0 to 8.0. Optionally, mixtures of suitable starter molecules are used.

[0152] The starting molecules used for the polyether polyols include amine-containing starting molecules and hydroxyl-containing starting molecules. Suitable amine-containing starting molecules include, for example, aliphatic diamines and aromatic diamines, such as ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, phenylenediamine, toluenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane and isomers thereof.

[0153] Other suitable starter molecules include alkanolamines, such as ethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine and N-ethylethanolamine, dialkanolamines, such as diethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine and N-ethyldiethanolamine, and trialkanolamines, such as triethanolamine and ammonia.

[0154] Suitable amine-containing starter molecules are selected from ethylenediamine, phenylenediamine, toluenediamine or isomers thereof. In one embodiment, it is ethylenediamine.

[0155] The hydroxyl-containing starter molecules are selected from the following: sugars, sugar alcohols, such as glucose, mannitol, sucrose, pentaerythritol, sorbitol; polyphenols, resols (e.g., oligomeric condensation products formed from phenol and formaldehyde), trimethylolpropane, glycerol, glycols (such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and their condensation products (such as polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols, such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol)) and water or combinations thereof.

[0156] Suitable hydroxyl-containing starter molecules are selected from sugars and sugar alcohols, such as sucrose, sorbitol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the hydroxyl-containing starter molecule is selected from sucrose, glycerol, pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane.

[0157] Suitable alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms are, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-butylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide and styrene oxide. The alkylene oxides can be used alone, in alternation, in succession or as a mixture. In one embodiment, the alkylene oxide is propylene oxide and / or propylene oxide. In some embodiments, the alkylene oxide is a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, comprising more than 50 wt.% of propylene oxide.

[0158] In another preferred embodiment, the amount of polyether polyol is in the range of 1 wt % to 99 wt %, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture.

[0159] In another preferred embodiment, suitable polyester polyols have an average functionality in the range of 2.0 to 6.0, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 5.0, most preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.0, and a hydroxyl number in the range of 30 mg KOH / g to 250 mg KOH / g, most preferably in the range of 100 mg KOH / g to 200 mg KOH / g.

[0160] In another preferred embodiment, polyester polyol is based on the reaction product of carboxylic acid or anhydride and a compound containing hydroxyl groups. Suitable carboxylic acid or anhydride preferably has 2 to 20 carbon atoms or 4 to 18 carbon atoms, for example succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, oleic acid, phthalic anhydride. Especially comprise phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, oleic acid and phthalic anhydride or their combination.

[0161] Suitable hydroxyl-containing compounds are selected from ethanol, ethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, butane-2,3-diol, hexane-1,6-diol, octan-1,8-diol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol (1,4-bishydroxy-methylcyclohexane), 2-methyl-propane-1,3-diol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, hexane-1,2,6-triol, butane-1,2,4-triol, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, p-cyclohexanediol, mannitol, sorbitol, methyl glycoside, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene propylene glycol, dibutylene glycol or polybutylene glycol. In one embodiment, the hydroxyl-containing compound is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene-1,2-diol, propylene-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, butane-2,3-ethylene glycol, hexane-1,6-diol, octan-1,8-diol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol (1,4-bis-hydroxy-methylcyclohexane), 2-methyl-propane-1,3-diol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, hexane-1,2,6-triol, butane-1,2,4-triol, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, p-cyclohexanol, mannitol, sorbitol, methyl glycoside or diethylene glycol. In another embodiment, the hydroxyl-containing compound is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene-1,2-diol, propylene-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, butane-2,3-diol, hexane-1,6-diol, octan-1,8-diol, neopentyl glycol or diethylene glycol. In yet another embodiment, the hydroxyl-containing compound is selected from hexyl-1,6-diol, neopentyl glycol, and diethylene glycol.

[0162] Suitable polyetherester polyols have hydroxyl values ​​in the range of 100 mg KOH / g to 460 mg KOH / g, more preferably in the range of 150 mg KOH / g to 450 mg KOH / g, most preferably in the range of 250 mg KOH / g to 430 mg KOH / g, and in any of these embodiments, may have an average functionality in the range of 2.3 to 5.0, most preferably in the range of 3.5 to 4.7.

[0163] Such polyetheresterpolyols are obtainable as reaction products of i) at least one hydroxyl-containing starter molecule; ii) one or more fatty acids, fatty acid monoesters or mixtures thereof; and iii) one or more alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0164] The starter molecules of component i) are generally selected such that the average functionality of component i) is preferably from 3.8 to 4.8, or from 4.0 to 4.7, or even from 4.2 to 4.6. Optionally, mixtures of suitable starter molecules are used.

[0165] Suitable hydroxyl-containing starter molecules of component i) are selected from sugars, sugar alcohols (glucose, mannitol, sucrose, pentaerythritol, sorbitol), polyphenols, resols, for example oligomeric condensation products of phenol and formaldehyde, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, glycols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and their condensation products, such as polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols, for example diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and water or combinations thereof.

[0166] In another preferred embodiment, the hydroxyl-containing starter molecules of component i) are selected from sugars and sugar alcohols such as sucrose and sorbitol, glycerol, and mixtures of said sugars and / or sugar alcohols with glycerol, water and / or glycols such as, for example, diethylene glycol and / or diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol or combinations thereof.

[0167] Described fatty acid or fatty acid monoester ii) are selected from polyhydroxy fatty acid, ricinoleic acid, hydroxy modified oil, hydroxy modified fatty acid and based on the fatty acid ester of myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, vaccenic acid, petroselinic acid, gadolinic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, α-and g-linolenic acid, octadecatetraenoic acid, arachidonic acid, xylitolic acid, oleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid or their combination.Fatty acid can be used as pure fatty acid.In this respect, preferably use fatty acid methyl ester, such as for example biodiesel or methyl oleate.

[0168] Biodiesel is understood to be fatty acid methyl esters within the meaning of the EN 14214 standard of 2010. The main components of biodiesel, which is usually produced from rapeseed oil, soybean oil or palm oil, are the methyl esters of saturated C16 to C18 fatty acids and the methyl esters of mono- or poly-unsaturated C18 fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

[0169] Suitable alkylene oxides iii) having 2 to 4 carbon atoms are, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-butylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide and / or styrene oxide. The alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately in succession or as a mixture.

[0170] In another preferred embodiment, the alkylene oxide comprises propylene oxide and ethylene oxide. In another preferred embodiment, the alkylene oxide is a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, the mixture comprising more than 50 wt.% propylene oxide. In another embodiment, the alkylene oxide comprises only propylene oxide.

[0171] additive :

[0172] Part A optionally includes at least one first additive. The first additive can be selected from catalysts, triols, curing agents, slow gelling agents, molecular sieves, colorants / pigments, defoamers, stabilizers (light / ultraviolet), coupling agents, antioxidants, release agents, liquid rheological additives, triol / molecular sieve blends, thickeners, dyes, surfactants, flame retardants, hindered amine light stabilizers, ultraviolet light absorbers, defoamers, internal release agents, desiccants, foaming agents and antistatic agents, or combinations thereof. More details about additives can be found in, for example, Kunststoffhandbuch, Vol. 7, "Polyurethane" Carl-Hanser-Verlag Munich, 1966 1st edition, 1983 2nd edition and 1993 3rd edition. The appropriate amount of these additives is well known to those skilled in the art. However, for example, the additive can be present in an amount of 0.0 wt % to 20.0 wt % based on the gross weight of the reaction mixture.

[0173] In one embodiment, the at least one first additive includes triols, curing agents, slow gelling agents, catalysts, molecular sieves, colorants / pigments, defoamers, stabilizers, coupling agents, antioxidants, mold release agents, liquid rheology additives, and thickeners.

[0174] Defoaming agent

[0175] In one embodiment, the polyurea polymer comprises a defoamer. The defoamer comprises a compounded silicone.

[0176] Antioxidants

[0177] If the polyurea polymer is exposed to thermooxidative degradation during its use, antioxidants can be added. Phenolic antioxidants are preferably used. Examples of phenolic antioxidants are given in Plastics Additive Hand-book, 5th edition, edited by H. Zweifel, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 2001, pages 98-107 and pages 116-121. Preference is given to those phenolic antioxidants whose molar mass is greater than 700 g / mol. An example of a phenolic antioxidant that is preferably used is pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-(3,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) ( 1010), N,N′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylamide] or a blend thereof. Phenolic antioxidants are usually used in a concentration of 0.1% to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 2% by weight, in particular 0.5% to 1.5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the PU.

[0178] In one embodiment, the polyurea polymer comprises an antioxidant. The antioxidant comprises a phenolic primary antioxidant.

[0179] Antistatic Agents :

[0180] Antistatic additives and antistatic polymers are known. By way of example, DE 3531660 describes antistatic polyurethane shoe soles. The antistatic effect is achieved via 0.01% to 0.3% by weight of chemically bonded sulfonate groups. The volume resistivity achieved is <10 8 Ω / cm. The use of various quaternary ammonium salts to increase the conductivity of polymers is described in EP 1134268. This involves the modification of commercially available antistatic agents, such as Catafor from Rhodia. or Catafor For example, a volume resistivity of about 107 Ω / cm is achieved at high concentrations.

[0181] Antistatic additives include ethylmethylimidazole ethyl sulfate. Ethylmethylimidazole ethyl sulfate can be used alone or in a mixture, for example together with other antistatic additives. Preferably, ethylmethylimidazole ethyl sulfate is used as the sole antistatic additive.

[0182] In an embodiment, the antistatic agent is selected from soybean oil having a C10 to C16 carbon chain, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, alkali metal salts in a solvent, phosphoric acid and triethyl ether, metal salts and polyethers.

[0183] catalyst :

[0184] Suitable catalysts are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, tertiary amines and phosphine compounds, metal catalysts such as chelates of various metals, acidic metal salts of strong acids; strong bases, alcoholates and phenolates of various metals, salts of organic acids with various metals, organometallic derivatives of tetravalent tin, trivalent As and pentavalent As, Sb and Bi, and metal carbonyl compounds of iron and cobalt and mixtures thereof can be used as catalysts.

[0185] Suitable tertiary amines include, for example, triethylamine, tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine and higher homologues (as in, for example, DE-A 2,624,527 and 2,624,528), 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane, N-methyl-N′-dimethyl-aminoethylpiperazine, bis-(dimethylaminoalkyl)piperazine, tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N,N-diethyl-benzylamine, bis-(N,N-diethylaminoethyl)adipate, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylethylamine, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, monocyclic amines and dicyclic amines, as well as bis-(dialkylamino)alkyl ethers such as 2,2-bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether. Triazine compounds may also be used, such as, but not limited to, tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine.

[0186] Suitable metal catalysts include metal salts and organometallic compounds, including tin compounds, titanium compounds, zirconium compounds, hafnium compounds, bismuth compounds, zinc compounds, aluminum compounds and iron compounds, such as tin organic compounds, preferably alkyl tins, such as dimethyl tin or diethyl tin, or tin organic compounds based on aliphatic carboxylic acids, preferably tin diacetate, tin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, bismuth compounds such as alkyl bismuths or related compounds, or iron compounds, preferably iron (II) acetylacetonate or metal salts of carboxylic acids, such as tin-II isooctanoate, tin dioctoate, titanates or bismuth-(III) neodecanoate, or combinations thereof.

[0187] In one embodiment, the catalyst comprises triethylenediamine, a bismuth catalyst, 1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)urea.

[0188] The catalyst as described above may be present in an amount of preferably up to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture.

[0189] Colorants / Pigments :

[0190] The polyurea polymer may contain colorants / pigments. Pigments / colorants include black soot, green Repitan, TiO2 / rutile titanium dioxide pigments, black polyols.

[0191] Coupling agent

[0192] The polyurea polymer may contain a coupling agent, including a silane coupling agent.

[0193] Diols / Triols

[0194] The polyurea polymer may contain diols / triols. Diols / triols include ethylene oxide terminated diols and castor oil, triol premixes.

[0195] Friction reducer :

[0196] Friction reducers include polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powders. Polyethylene includes non-crosslinked polyethylene. In one embodiment, non-crosslinked polyethylene includes high-density polyethylene (HDPE), high-density and high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HDPE-HMW), high-density and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HDPE-UHMW), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), (VLDPE) and (ULDPE).

[0197] filler :

[0198] Suitable fillers include, for example, but not limited to, silicate minerals, examples being finely ground quartz, phyllosilicates such as antigorite, serpentine, hornblende, amphibole, chrysotile and talc, metal oxides such as kaolin, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, hydromagnesite, titanium oxide and iron oxide, metal salts such as chalk, barite and inorganic pigments such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, and glass, etc. Kaolin (china clay), finely ground quartz, aluminum silicate and coprecipitates of barium sulfate and aluminum silicate are preferably used.

[0199] Suitable fillers have an average particle size in the range of 0.1 μm to 500 μm, more preferably in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm, most preferably in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm. In this context, in the case of non-spherical particles, the diameter refers to their extent along the shortest axis in space.

[0200] Suitable amounts of fillers may be present in the polyurethane resin composition, as known to those skilled in the art. For example, the filler may be present in an amount of up to 50 wt % based on the total weight of the polyurethane resin composition.

[0201] Flame retardants :

[0202] Suitable flame retardants are tetrabromobisphenol A, brominated polystyrene oligomers, brominated butadiene-polystyrene copolymers according to WO 2007 / 058736, tetrabromobisphenol A diallyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), in particular industrial products, wherein these flame retardants substantially contain α-isomers, β-isomers and γ-isomers with added synergists such as diisopropylbenzene. Brominated aromatic compounds such as tetrabromobisphenol A and brominated styrene oligomers are preferred. Examples of suitable halogen-free flame retardants are expandable graphite, red phosphorus and phosphorus compounds such as triphenyl phosphate and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide.

[0203] In a preferred embodiment, the flame retardant is graphite. Graphite includes graphite ore treated with sulfuric acid through an intercalation process. Graphite ore has a carbon content of 0.45 to 0.60 g / cm 3 The bulk density is within the range of .

[0204] Preferred phosphorus compounds are tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate, triethyl phosphate, diethyl ethylphosphonate, tolyldiphenyl phosphate, Exolit OP560, diphenyl 6-(diphenoxyphosphoryloxy)hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3-yl phosphate, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide and 6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphanin 6-oxide.

[0205] Organic peroxides (dicumyl peroxide), sulfur and disulfides are furthermore preferred as synergists. The flame retardants mentioned above can be dissolved in the monomers before the start of the polymerization reaction.

[0206] In another preferred embodiment, the flame retardant is selected from isopropylated triaryl phosphates and halogen-free flame retardant additives including salts of melamine and cyanuric acid.

[0207] Rheological Additives

[0208] In one embodiment, the rheological additives include rheology modifying wax emulsions, bentonite, and the like.

[0209] Release agent :

[0210] The release agent includes a release agent based on wax or silicon, a release agent based on a salt of an aliphatic mono- or poly-carboxylic acid having at least 25 carbon atoms and a primary mono-, di- or poly-amine having two or more carbon atoms or an amine containing an amide or ester group having at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, a release agent based on a mixture of at least two compounds from the group of amine-carboxylic acid-salts, saturated or unsaturated CeOH and / or OH groups formed by mono- and / or poly-carboxylic acids, and polyvalent alcohols or natural oils and / or synthetic oils, fats or waxes, a release agent based on ketimines, aldimines, enamines or cyclic Schiff bases. In an embodiment, the release agent used is ethylene-bis-stearamide. In another embodiment, the release agent is a silicone surfactant.

[0211] Molecular sieve

[0212] In one embodiment, the polyurea polymer comprises molecular sieves. The molecular sieves include 3 angstrom size molecular sieves, KnNa12-n[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12]·xH2O, 3 angstrom Poly Paste, and castor oil vegetable oil slurry containing zeolite.

[0213] Slow gelling agent

[0214] In one embodiment, the polyurea polymer comprises a slow gelling agent. The slow gelling agent comprises an aromatic diamine.

[0215] Stabilizer

[0216] The hydrolysis stabilizers used preferably comprise oligomeric and / or polymeric aliphatic or aromatic carbodiimides.

[0217] In order to stabilize the polyurea polymer, it is preferred to add a stabilizer to the polyurea polymer with respect to aging. For the purposes of the present invention, a stabilizer is an additive that protects a plastic or a mixture of plastics from harmful environmental influences. Examples are primary and secondary antioxidants, hindered amine light stabilizers, UV absorbers, hydrolysis stabilizers, quenchers and flame retardants. Examples of commercially available stabilizers are given in Plastics Additive Handbook, 5th edition, H. Zweifel, ed., Hanser Publishers, Munich, 2001 ([1]), pp. 98-136. In an embodiment, the hydrolysis stabilizer comprises benzene, 1,3-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)-homopolymer, polyethylene glycol mono-Me-ether terminated.

[0218] Thickener

[0219] In one embodiment, the polyurea polymer comprises a thickener. The thickener comprises fumed silica / pyrogenic silica.

[0220] UV absorber

[0221] The polyurea polymer optionally contains a UV absorber. UV absorbers are molecules that absorb high-energy UV light and dissipate the energy. Common UV absorbers used in industry are members of the group of, for example, cinnamate, diphenylcyanoacrylate, formamidine, benzalmalonate, diarylbutadiene or triazine or benzotriazole. Examples of commercially available UV absorbers can be found in Plastics Additive Hand-book, 5th edition, edited by H. Zweifel, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 2001, pages 116 to 122. In a preferred embodiment, the number average molar mass of the UV absorber is greater than 300 g / mol, in particular greater than 390 g / mol. In addition, the molar mass of the UV absorber preferably used should not be greater than 5000 g / mol, particularly preferably not greater than 2000 g / mol. The benzotriazole group is particularly suitable as a UV absorber. Examples of particularly suitable benzotriazoles are 213. 328, 571, and 384 and 82. The UV absorbers are preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, in particular 0.2 to 0.5% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the antistatic polyurethane.

[0222] Particularly suitable UV absorbers are from the class of benzotriazoles. Examples of particularly suitable benzotriazoles are 213. 234. 571 and 384.Ever- 82, Tinuvin 312 (i.e., oxalic acid anilide UV absorber, ethanediamide, N-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-N'-(2-ethylphenyl)) and Tinuvin 328 (i.e., CAS No. 25973-55-1, chemical formula: 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-amylphenol). The UV absorber is usually added in an amount of 0.01 wt% to 5 wt%, preferably 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt%, and particularly 0.2 wt% to 0.5 wt%, based on the total mass of PU.

[0223] HALS (Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer)

[0224] UV stabilization based on antioxidants and UV absorbers as described above is usually still not enough to ensure good stability of the film against the harmful effects of UV rays. In this case, hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) can be added to the film in addition to antioxidants and UV absorbers. HALS are highly effective UV stabilizers for most polymers.

[0225] HALS compounds are generally known and commercially available. Examples of commercially available HALS can be found in Plastics Additive Handbook, 5th edition, H. Zweifel, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 2001, pages 123 to 136.

[0226] As hindered amine light stabilizers, preference is given to using those with a number average molecular weight of more than 500 g / mol. In addition, preferred HALS compounds should have a molecular weight of no more than 10,000 g / mol, particularly preferably no more than 5,000 g / mol.

[0227] A particularly preferred hindered amine light stabilizer is bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidinyl) sebacate ( 765, Ciba Spezialitatenchemie AG), and condensation products of 1-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid ( 622). Particularly preferred is the condensation product of 1-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid ( 622), in which case the titanium content of the product is <150 ppm, preferably <50 ppm, in particular <10 ppm. The HALS compound is preferably used in a concentration of 0.01 to 5 wt. %, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1 wt. %, in particular 0.15 to 0.3 wt. %, based on the total weight of the film.

[0228] In a preferred embodiment of the membrane, a hydrolysis inhibitor is contained as an auxiliary in the polyurea polymer; preference is given here to oligomeric and / or polymeric aliphatic or aromatic carbodiimides.

[0229] More details on the abovementioned auxiliaries and additives can be found in the technical literature, for example in Plastics Additive Handbook, 5th edition, ed. H. Zweifel, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 2001.

[0230] Section B

[0231] Part B includes:

[0232] a. an isocyanate mixture comprising at least one isocyanate;

[0233] b. Optionally, at least one second polyol;

[0234] c. optionally, at least one second amine;

[0235] d. Optionally, at least one second additive selected from propylene carbonate, benzoyl chloride, methyl diphenyl phosphine oxide, diisodecyl adipate, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; diols / triols.

[0236] Isocyanate mixture :

[0237] The isocyanate mixture comprises at least one isocyanate. The average NCO functionality of the isocyanate mixture is ≥ 2.10.

[0238] Isocyanates can be selected from aliphatic isocyanates, aromatic isocyanates and combinations thereof. The term "aromatic isocyanate" refers to a molecule having two or more isocyanate groups directly and / or indirectly attached to an aromatic ring. In addition, it should be understood that isocyanates include aliphatic isocyanates and aromatic isocyanates in monomeric and polymeric forms. The term "polymeric" refers to the polymerization level of aliphatic and / or aromatic isocyanates, including different oligomers and homologues independent of each other.

[0239] In another embodiment, the isocyanate comprises an aromatic isocyanate selected from the group consisting of toluene diisocyanate; polymerized toluene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; polymerized methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; meta-phenylene diisocyanate; 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate; 4-chloro-1,3-phenylene diisocyanate; 2,4,6-toluene triisocyanate, 1,3-diisopropylphenylene-2,4-diisocyanate; 1-methyl-3,5-diethylphenylene-2,4-diisocyanate; 1,3,5-triethylphenylene-2,4-diisocyanate; 1,3,5-triisopropyl-phenylene- 2,4-diisocyanate; 3,3'-diethyl-diphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate; 3,5,3',5'-tetraethyl-diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate; 3,5,3',5'-tetraisopropyldiphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate; 1-ethyl-4-ethoxy-phenyl-2,5-diisocyanate; 1,3,5-triethylbenzene-2,4,6-triisocyanate; 1-ethyl-3,5-diisopropylbenzene-2,4,6-triisocyanate, tolidine diisocyanate, 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene-2,4,6-triisocyanate and mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the aromatic isocyanate is selected from toluene diisocyanate; polymerized toluene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; polymerized methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, meta-phenylene diisocyanate; 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate; 4-chloro-1,3-phenylene diisocyanate; 2,4,6-toluene triisocyanate, 1,3-diisopropylphenylene-2,4-diisocyanate and 1-methyl-3,5-diethylphenylene-2,4-diisocyanate. In other embodiments, the aromatic isocyanate is selected from toluene diisocyanate; polymerized toluene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; polymerized methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, meta-phenylene diisocyanate and 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate or a combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the aromatic isocyanate is selected from toluene diisocyanate; polymerized toluene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and polymerized methylene diphenyl diisocyanate or a mixture thereof.

[0240] In another preferred embodiment, the aromatic isocyanate is selected from methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, or a combination thereof.

[0241] In another preferred embodiment, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate is available in three different isomeric forms, namely 2,2'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (2,2'-MDI), 2,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (2,4'-MDI) and 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI). Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate can be classified as monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate known as industrial methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate includes oligomeric species and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomers. Thus, polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate may contain a single methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomer or an isomeric mixture of two or three methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomers, with the remainder being oligomeric species. Polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate often has an isocyanate functionality higher than 2. In these products, the isomer ratios as well as the amount of oligomers can vary widely. For example, polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate can typically contain 30 wt.% to 80 wt.% of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomers, with the balance being the oligomeric species. Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomers are typically a mixture of 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, 2,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and very low levels of 2,2'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.

[0242] In another preferred embodiment, the isocyanate comprises polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Available from BASF as, but not limited to, Isocyanates commercially available under the trade name ANTICYANATE(R) may also be used for the purposes of the present invention.

[0243] In another preferred embodiment, the aliphatic isocyanate is selected from isophorone diisocyanate, propylene-1,2-diisocyanate, propylene-1,3-diisocyanate, butene-1,2-diisocyanate, butene-1,3-diisocyanate, hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, 2-methylpentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate, 2-ethylbutylene-1,4-diisocyanate, 1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate, ethyl l-lysine triisocyanate, 1,6,11-triisocyanatoundecane, (2,4,6-trioxotriazine-1,3,5(2h,4h,6h)-triyl)tris(hexamethylene)isocyanate, methyl-2,6-diisocyanate. Isocyanate hexanoate, octamethylene-1,8-diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, nonamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, decamethylene-1,10-diisocyanate, 2,11-diisocyanatododecane, triphenylmethane-4,4',4"-triisocyanate, toluene-2,4,6-triyl triisocyanate, tris(isocyanatohexyl)biuret, trimethyl-cyclohexyl]triisocyanate, 2,4,4'-triisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 2,2,-methylene-bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 3,3'-methylene-bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 4,4'-methylene-bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 4,4'-ethylene-bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 4,4'-propylene-bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) sulfide, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) sulfone, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) ether, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl)diethylsilane, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl)diphenylsilane, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl)ethylphosphine oxide, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl)phenylphosphine oxide, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl)N-phenylamine, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl)N-methylamine, 3,3-diisocyanatoadamantane, 3,3- diisocyanobisadamantane, 3,3-diisocyanoethyl-1'-bisadamantane, 1,2-bis(3-isocyanatopropoxy)ethane, 2,2-dimethylpropylene diisocyanate, 3-methoxyhexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, 2,5-dimethylheptamethylene diisocyanate, 5-methylnonamethylene-1,9-diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,2-diisocyanatooctadecane, 2,5-diisocyanato-1,3,4-oxadiazole, OCN(CH2)3O(CH2)2O(CH2)3NCO and OCN(CH2)3N(CH3)(CH2)3NCO, or polymeric forms of diisocyanates;More preferably, the aliphatic isocyanate is selected from the group consisting of isophorone diisocyanate, propylene-1,2-diisocyanate, propylene-1,3-diisocyanate, butene-1,2-diisocyanate, butene-1,3-diisocyanate, hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, 2-methylpentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate, 1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate, 1,6,11-triisocyanatoundecane, methyl-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate, octamethylene-1,8-diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, nonamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, decamethylene-1 ,10-diisocyanate, 2,11-diisocyanatododecane, or a polymeric form of a diisocyanate; and most preferably, the aliphatic isocyanate is selected from isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, 2-methylpentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate, 1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate, 1 octamethylene-1,8-diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, nonamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, decamethylene-1,10-diisocyanate, 2,11-diisocyanatododecane, and a polymeric form of a diisocyanate, or a mixture thereof. ;

[0244] In another preferred embodiment, the at least one isocyanate having an NCO functionality of ≥2.0 is selected from the group consisting of triphenylmethane-4,4',4"-triisocyanate, toluene-2,4,6-triyl triisocyanate, L-lysine triisocyanate, 1,6,11-triisocyanatoundecane, 2,2-bis[[4-(isocyanatomethyl)phenyl]methyl]butyl n-[[4-(isocyanatomethyl)phenyl]methyl]carbamate, (2,4,6-trioxotriazine-1,3,5(2h,4h,6h)-triyl)tri(hexadecane), triisocyanato-3-(methylene)-isocyanate, 1,3,5-triisocyanatobenzene, tris(isocyanatohexyl)biuret, 3,3',3"-[(1h,3h,5h)-2,4,6-trioxo-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyltris(methylene)]tris[3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl]triisocyanate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triisocyanate, 2,4,4'-triisocyanato-dicyclohexylmethane, triphenylthiophosphate triisocyanate, 2,4,4'-diphenylether triisocyanate, and polymeric forms of triisocyanates.

[0245] The term "polymeric" refers to the polymeric grade of aliphatic polyisocyanates and / or aromatic polyisocyanates, including the different oligomers and homologs independently of each other.

[0246] In another preferred embodiment, the polymeric form of the diisocyanate is polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.

[0247] In another preferred embodiment, the polymeric form of the diisocyanate and triisocyanate comprises polymerized methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate.

[0248] In another preferred embodiment, the polymerized methylene diphenyl diisocyanate includes oligomeric substances and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomers. Therefore, the polymerized methylene diphenyl diisocyanate can contain a single methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomer or an isomeric mixture of two or three methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomers, and the balance is oligomeric species. The polymerized methylene diphenyl diisocyanate tends to have an isocyanate functionality of ≥2.10, preferably ≥3.0. In these products, the isomer ratio and the amount of oligomers can vary over a wide range. For example, the polymerized methylene diphenyl diisocyanate can generally contain about 30% to 80% by weight of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomers, and the balance is the oligomeric substances. Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomers are generally a mixture of 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, 2,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and very low levels of 2,2'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.

[0249] In another preferred embodiment, the isocyanate mixture comprises at least one isocyanate having an NCO functionality of 2.0.

[0250] In another preferred embodiment, at least one isocyanate having an NCO functionality equal to or greater than 2.0 is selected from the group consisting of isophorone diisocyanate, propylene-1,2-diisocyanate, propylene-1,3-diisocyanate, butylene-1,2-diisocyanate, butylene-1,3-diisocyanate, hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, 2-methylpentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate, 2-ethylbutylene-1,4-diisocyanate, 1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate, methyl-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate, octamethylene-1,8-diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, nonamethylene diisocyanate, 2 ,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, decamethylene-1,10-diisocyanate, 2,11-diisocyanatododecane, m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, toluene-2,6-diisocyanate, xylene-2,4-diisocyanate, xylene-2,6-diisocyanate, methylpropylphenyl diisocyanate, methylethylphenyl diisocyanate, 2,2'-biphenyl diisocyanate, 3,3'-biphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-biphenyl diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-biphenyl diisocyanate, methylene-bis(4-phenyl isocyanate), ethylene-bis(4-phenyl isocyanate), isopropyl-bis( 4-phenyl isocyanate), butylene-bis(4-phenyl isocyanate), 2,2'-oxydiphenyl diisocyanate, 3,3'-oxydiphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-oxydiphenyl diisocyanate, 2,2'-ketodiphenyl diisocyanate, 3,3'-ketodiphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-ketodiphenyl diisocyanate, 2,2'-mercaptodiphenyl diisocyanate, 3,3'-mercaptodiphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-thiodiphenyl diisocyanate, 2,2'-diphenylsulfone diisocyanate, 3,3'-diphenylsulfone diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylsulfone diisocyanate, 2,2-methylene-bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 3,3'-methylene-bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 4 , 4'-methylene-bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 4,4'-ethylene-bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 4,4'-propylene-bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) sulfide, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) sulfone, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) ether, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) diethylsilane, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) diphenylsilane, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) ethylphosphine oxide, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) phenylphosphine oxide, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) N-aniline, bis(p-isocyanatocyclohexyl) N-methylamine, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanatobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethoxy-biphenyl diisocyanate, 2,4-Bis(diisocyanato tert-butyl)toluene, bis(p-diisocyanato tert-butylphenyl) ether, p-bis(2-methyl-4-isocyanatophenyl)benzene, 3,3-diisocyanatoadamantane, 3,3-diisocyanodiadamantane, 3,3-diisocyanatoethyl-1'-diadamantane, 1,2-bis(3-isocyanatopropoxy)ethane, 2,2-dimethylpropylene diisocyanate, 3-methoxyhexamethylene -1,6-diisocyanate, 2,5-dimethylheptamethylene diisocyanate, 5-methylnonamethylene-1,9-diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,2-diisocyanatooctadecane, 2,5-diisocyanato-1,3,4-oxadiazole, OCN(CH2)3O(CH2)2O(CH2)3NCO and OCN(CH2)3N(CH3)(CH2)3NCO.

[0251] In another preferred embodiment, the polymeric form of the diisocyanate comprises polymerized methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate.

[0252] In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one isocyanate is present in the form of a dimer, trimer or oligomer containing urethane groups, isocyanurate groups, biuret groups, uretdione groups, allophanate groups and / or iminooxadiazinedione groups.

[0253] In another preferred embodiment, part B comprises an isocyanate selected from 2,4-MDI, 4,4'-MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), a 50 / 50 blend of 2,4-MDI and 4,4-MDI, a carbodiimide modified isocyanate, a carbodiimide modified diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate (MDI), and isophorone diisocyanate IPDI / aliphatic diisocyanate.

[0254] The weight average molecular weight of the polyurea polymers is determined according to DIN 55672 and is in the range of 500 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol, or in the case of high molecular weights where the polymeric material is no longer soluble in standard organic solvents, the molecular weight is determined according to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

[0255] Polyols

[0256] In one embodiment, part B of the mixture optionally includes at least one second polyol.

[0257] The at least one second polyol is similar to the at least one first polyol as defined above. However, the at least one first polyol and the at least one second polyol are two polyols independent of each other.

[0258] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one second polyol comprises a high molecular weight triol and a propylene glycol core capped with propylene oxide.

[0259] In one embodiment, part B of the mixture includes at least one second polyol in the range of 0 wt% to 70 wt%. In a preferred embodiment, at least one second polyol is present in an amount in the range of 20 wt% to 65 wt%.

[0260] amine

[0261] In one embodiment, part B of the mixture optionally includes at least one second amine.

[0262] The at least one second amine is similar to the at least one first amine as defined above. However, the at least one first amine and the at least one second amine are two amines independent of each other.

[0263] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one second amine comprises poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether).

[0264] In one embodiment, part B of the mixture includes at least one second amine in the range of 0 wt % to 50 wt %.

[0265] Second chain extender

[0266] In one embodiment, part B of the mixture optionally includes a second chain extender.

[0267] The at least one second chain extender is similar to the at least one first chain extender as defined above. However, the at least one first chain extender and the at least one second chain extender are two chain extenders independent of each other.

[0268] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one second chain extender comprises diethylene glycol bischloroformate.In an embodiment, part B of the mixture comprises in the range of 0 wt% to 1 wt% of the chain extender.

[0269] Second additive

[0270] In one embodiment, part B of the mixture optionally includes at least one second additive.

[0271] The at least one second additive is similar to the at least one first additive as defined above. However, the at least one first additive and the at least one second additive are two additives independent of each other.

[0272] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one second additive comprises propylene carbonate, benzoyl chloride, methyl diphenyl phosphine oxide, diisodecyl adipate, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and diols / triols, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, part B of the mixture comprises an amine in the range of 0 wt % to 40.0 wt %.

[0273] Method for forming polyurea polymer from mixture

[0274] In another aspect, the presently claimed invention is directed to a method of forming a barrier layer using a polyurea polymer. The polyurea polymer is formed as a reaction product of a mixture. The method comprises:

[0275] a. Providing a mixture of Part A and Part B; and

[0276] b. Mix Part A and Part B.

[0277] In one embodiment, Part A and Part B are optionally cooled prior to mixing so that the reaction mixture is formed by slow reactivity.

[0278] In another embodiment, Part A and Part B are provided in a 1:1 ratio.

[0279] In another embodiment, Part A and Part B are mixed using a mixing blade at 1700 RPM.

[0280] In a preferred embodiment, Part A and Part B are mixed and then applied using a spray gun and a proportioning unit.

[0281] Containment Methods

[0282] In another aspect, the presently claimed invention relates to a method for containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The method comprises the following steps:

[0283] a. Providing a substrate having at least one surface;

[0284] b. encapsulating at least one surface of the substrate with a barrier layer having a polyurea polymer as described above;

[0285] c. optionally curing the polyurea polymer,

[0286] The barrier layer having the polyurea polymer encapsulating at least one surface restricts the migration of PFAS.

[0287] In a preferred embodiment, at least one surface of the substrate is encapsulated with a barrier layer having a polyurea polymer by applying the polyurea polymer in step b.

[0288] In a more preferred embodiment, the encapsulation step b. is performed by applying the polyurea polymer using a spray gun and a proportioning unit.

[0289] In one embodiment, the encapsulation by the polyurea polymer in step b. is carried out at a temperature in the range of 100°F to 170°F, preferably in the range of 45°C to 140°C, or in the range of 45°C to 130°C, or in the range of 45°C to 120°C, or in the range of 45°C to 110°C, in the range of 45°C to 100°C, more preferably in the range of 120°F to 150°F.

[0290] In another embodiment, the polyurea polymer is applied in step b. at a specific volume ratio using a multi-component high pressure metering machine. The metering machine maintains the components in the mixture at a temperature of at least 150°F (66°C) at the spray gun and an operating pressure of up to 3000 psi. In a preferred embodiment, to form the impingement mixture, an airless spray gun with a replaceable nozzle is used so that the spray pattern is optimized.

[0291] In another embodiment, the polyurea polymer is applied undiluted in step b.

[0292] In another embodiment, the polyurea polymer is cured after step b. encapsulating.

[0293] In another embodiment, the encapsulation step of step b. is repeated.

[0294] In another embodiment, the encapsulation in step b. is accomplished by conventional spray application. The spray application is performed in such a way that the coating is uniform, continuous, and free of run and sag.

[0295] In another embodiment, the containment method comprises at least the following steps:

[0296] a. Providing a fabric as a substrate;

[0297] b. optionally pretreating the fabric;

[0298] c. encapsulating the fabric with a barrier layer having a polyurea polymer to form a reinforced fabric material;

[0299] d. Optionally curing the reinforcement fabric.

[0300] In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing fabric is used to contain construction waste, products contaminated with PFAS, and soil. In a more preferred embodiment, the reinforcing fabric is in the form of a trash bag or trash can.

[0301] In another embodiment, the method comprises at least the following steps:

[0302] a. Provide concrete as a base;

[0303] b. optionally pretreating the concrete;

[0304] c. encapsulating the concrete with a barrier layer having a polyurea polymer to form a coated concrete;

[0305] d. Optionally curing the coated concrete.

[0306] In a preferred embodiment, the barrier layer having the polyurea polymer is applied to the concrete after pre-treating the concrete. In a more preferred embodiment, the pre-treatment comprises at least one of the following steps:

[0307] a. Clean at least one surface from dust, all greasy compounds, old coatings, loose concrete and other foreign matter; wherein the cleaning is preferably accomplished by vacuum cleaning, sandblasting, shot blasting, mechanical scratching, chemical treatment according to ASTM D 4259 or a combination thereof.

[0308] b. applying a primer on at least one surface, wherein the primer is an epoxy primer;

[0309] c. Optionally, repairing cracks in the concrete with a material compatible with the primer;

[0310] d. Optionally, fill wormholes; and

[0311] e. Remove / grind / smooth out sharp or rough parts and protrusions on the concrete surface.

[0312] In another preferred embodiment, the concrete is cured at 70°F (21°C) for a minimum of 28 days and tested according to ASTM D 4263-Standard Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete before application. The maximum moisture content in the concrete is not allowed to exceed 4%.

[0313] In another preferred embodiment, the concrete is provided with a vapor barrier or other waterproofing means to prevent water intrusion into the coating system causing it to delaminate or fail. In a more preferred embodiment, the vapor barrier or other waterproofing means is applied to the concrete at or below the level. In another more preferred embodiment, when the encapsulation is applied to the inner surface at or below the level of the concrete, the vapor barrier is also applied to the unprotected side of the concrete.

[0314] In another preferred embodiment, to minimize outgassing of the porous concrete surface, the primer is applied and the surface is encapsulated with a polyurea polymer when the air temperature and the surface temperature drop.

[0315] In another preferred embodiment, these coatings may be applied by spraying or other application methods.

[0316] On the other hand, the presently claimed invention relates to the use of a containment system or PFAS containment method as described above for limiting the movement of PFAS in buildings, containing general PFAS contaminants, encapsulating items, preparing bags and preparing containment units, preventing the presence of PFAS contaminants in agricultural topsoil, preventing the presence of PFAS contaminants in water bodies, water tanks, food storage units, fuel storage units, human settlements, houses, animal shelters, and limiting the spread of PFAS contamination from areas of high PFAS concentrations to areas of low PFAS concentrations.

[0317] In one embodiment, the containment system and containment method are used for the purpose of substantially inhibiting or preventing PFAS from migrating outside the barrier layer. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate includes but is not limited to contaminated concrete pavement, contaminated concrete pipes, reinforced or unreinforced fabrics, or containers containing materials contaminated with PFAS.

[0318] In another embodiment, the claimed invention relates to the use of the containment system or method of containment of PFAS as described above in the manufacture of articles for containment of PFAS or articles for preventing PFAS contamination. Articles include but are not limited to bags, sheets, body wear, clothing, housing equipment, apparel, soil separation sheets, water containers, fluid containers, and the like.

[0319] advantage

[0320] In addition to providing containment of PFAS migration from the substrate surface, the barrier layer having a polyurea coating as described herein also has the following advantages:

[0321] a. Rapid curing, which minimizes the "downtime" required for the containment process;

[0322] b. Low VOC content (close to zero), minimal impact on the environment;

[0323] c. Improve the wear resistance, tensile strength and adhesion of the final coating so that substrates such as concrete pavements, roads allow vehicle traffic when a barrier layer is applied, and also have UV resistance so that they can be durable in outdoor areas.

[0324] Method A

[0325] The amount of PFAS contaminants in the samples was determined by methods similar to EPA 537.1 (Determination of Selected Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and / or Liquid Chromatography / Tandem Mass Spectrometry), Version 1.0, dated November 2018, EPA Document No.: EPA / 600 / R-18 / 352, using direct LC-MS-MS and, when necessary, solid phase extraction.

[0326] The presently claimed invention is illustrated in more detail by the following embodiments and combinations of embodiments, which are derived from the corresponding dependent references and links:

[0327] 1. A system for containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the system comprising:

[0328] a. a substrate having at least one surface;

[0329] b. a barrier layer encapsulating said at least one surface of said substrate,

[0330] c. wherein the barrier layer comprises a polyurea polymer formed as a reaction product of an isocyanate, a polyol, an amine, a chain extender and at least one additive,

[0331] d. wherein the barrier layer having the polyurea polymer encapsulating the at least one surface limits the movement of the PFAS.

[0332] II. A system according to embodiment I, wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of concrete, reinforcement materials, fabrics, containers, water tanks, pipes, covers, cover liners, aluminum, steel, asphalt pavement, polyurethane foam, ship cabins, geotextiles, pipelines, decks, manholes, and fuel tanks.

[0333] III. A system according to any of embodiments I or II, wherein the substrate is contaminated with PFAS.

[0334] IV. The system according to any one of embodiments I to III, wherein the amine is selected from polyetheramines, amine catalysts, and amine chain extenders.

[0335] V. The system according to any one of embodiments I to IV, wherein the polyol is selected from polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyetherester polyols, polytetrahydrofuran, polyester diols, or combinations thereof.

[0336] VI. The system according to any one of embodiments I to V, wherein the isocyanate is selected from 2,4-MDI, 4,4'-MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), a 50 / 50 blend of 2,4-MDI and 4,4-MDI, a carbodiimide-modified isocyanate, a carbodiimide-modified diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate (MDI), and isophorone diisocyanate IPDI / aliphatic diisocyanate.

[0337] VII. The system according to any one of embodiments I to VI, wherein the at least one additive is selected from dyes / pigments, antioxidants, mold release agents, lubricants, plasticizers, hydrolysis stabilizers, antiblocking agents, light stabilizers, crosslinking agents, catalysts, flame retardants, rheological additives, defoamers, friction reducers, antistatic agents, surfactants and other components,

[0338] or a combination thereof.

[0339] VIII. A system according to any one of embodiments I to VII, wherein the barrier layer comprises

[0340] The polyurea polymer is fully or partially disposed on the at least one surface of the substrate.

[0341] IX. The system of embodiments I to VIII, wherein the substrate is concrete. X. The system of embodiments I to VIII, wherein the system is a reinforced fabric.

[0342] The invention relates to a fabric, wherein the substrate is a fabric and the surface of the fabric is coated with the barrier layer having a polyurea polymer.

[0343] XI. A method for containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the method comprising at least the following steps:

[0344] a. Providing a substrate having at least one surface;

[0345] b. encapsulating said at least one surface of said substrate with said barrier layer having said polyurea polymer of embodiments I to VIII;

[0346] c. optionally curing the polyurea polymer,

[0347] d. wherein the barrier layer having the polyurea polymer encapsulating the at least one surface limits the movement of the PFAS.

[0348] XII. The method according to embodiment XI, wherein the encapsulation by the polyurea polymer in step b. is carried out at a temperature of 45°C to 150°C.

[0349] XIII. The method according to embodiment XI, wherein the method comprises:

[0350] a. Providing a fabric as the substrate;

[0351] b. optionally pretreating the fabric;

[0352] c. encapsulating said fabric with said barrier layer having said polyurea polymer to form a reinforced fabric material;

[0353] d. Optionally curing the reinforcement fabric.

[0354] XIV. The method according to embodiment IX, wherein the method comprises:

[0355] a. Providing concrete as the substrate;

[0356] b. optionally pretreating the concrete;

[0357] c. encapsulating said concrete with said barrier layer having said polyurea polymer to form a coated concrete;

[0358] d. Optionally curing the coated concrete.

[0359] XV. Use of the containment system of embodiments I to X or the method of embodiment XI for limiting the movement of the PFAS in a building, containing general contaminants, enclosing items, preparing bags, and preparing containment units.

[0360] XVI. A system for containing PFAS according to embodiment 1, wherein the barrier layer having a polyurea polymer is formed as a reaction product of the following mixture, the mixture comprising:

[0361] aPart A, wherein said Part A comprises:

[0362] i. at least one first amine;

[0363] ii. Optionally, at least one first chain extender;

[0364] iii. Optionally, a polyol composition comprising at least one first polyol; and iv. Optionally, at least one first additive selected from triols, curing agents, slow gelling agents, catalysts, molecular sieves, colorants / pigments, defoamers, amine chain extenders, stabilizers, coupling agents, antioxidants, mold release agents, liquid rheological additives, and thickeners;

[0365] and

[0366] bPart B, wherein said Part B comprises:

[0367] i. an isocyanate mixture comprising at least one isocyanate;

[0368] ii. optionally, at least one second polyol;

[0369] iii. optionally, at least one second amine;

[0370] iv. Optionally, at least one second additive selected from propylene carbonate, benzoyl chloride, methyl diphenyl phosphine oxide, diisodecyl adipate, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; diol / triol

[0371] wherein the amine is present in at least one of Part A or Part B, or in both Part A and Part B, and

[0372] The polyol is present in at least one of Part A or Part B, or in both Part A and Part B.

[0373] Example

[0374] The presently claimed invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting examples:

[0375] raw materials

[0376]

[0377]

[0378]

[0379] Standard Methods

[0380]

[0381] General method for forming PFAS coatings:

[0382] The barrier layer with the polyurea polymer was prepared by mixing Part A and Part B at a ratio of 1:1. The formulations of each of Part A and Part B are provided below in weight %.

[0383] Table: Part A

[0384]

[0385]

[0386] (1) The additive package includes one or more of the following additional additives: defoamers, stabilizers (light / UV), coupling agents, antioxidants, liquid rheology additives, molecular sieve blends and / or thickeners

[0387] Table - Part B

[0388]

[0389] (2) The additive package includes one or more of the following additional additives: diethylene glycol bischloroformate, propylene carbonate, or any combination thereof.

[0390] In coating formulation Examples E1 to E8, Example E2 was tested for its performance as a barrier layer to inhibit the migration of PFAS from contaminated concrete substrates.

[0391] The concrete substrate was exposed to PFAS contaminants (PFAS contaminants include: '6:2-FTS, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFOS). A barrier layer as described in Example E2 was applied to the concrete substrate. The PFAS contaminants in the barrier layer according to E2 on the surface of the contaminated concrete substrate were checked according to Method A. The leaching of PFAS was checked regularly at Day 0, Day 1, Day 3, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, and Month 9. The leaching of PFAS was checked on barrier layers with a thickness of 1 mm and 2 mm. PFAS containment was observed compared to the contaminated surface without coating. Values ​​are measured in (μg / L).

[0392] Table-6:2-FTS

[0393] Example 1mm 2mm No coating Un Exp 1mm Day 0 7.79 4 4 4 4 Day 1 111.06 4 4 4 4 Day 3 116.21 4.09 4 4.06 4 Week 1 136.69 4 4.12 4 4 Week 2 149.13 4 5.35 4 4 Week 4 150 4.68 4 4 4 Week 8 122.34 5.1 6.8 4 4 Week 12 111.84 8.68 11.81 4 4 9 months 72.66 5.5 4.75 4 4

[0394] Table-PFHxA

[0395] Example 1mm 2mm No coating Un Exp 1mm Day 0 3 3 3 3 3 Day 1 4.93 3 3 3 3 Day 3 3.07 3.25 3 11.32 3.26 Week 1 3.46 3 16.81 3 3 Week 2 3.09 3 3 3 3 Week 4 24.25 3.76 3 3 3.15 Week 8 4.31 3 3 3 3 Week 12 5.44 3.85 4.43 3 3 9 months 3 3 3 3

[0396] Table-PFHpA

[0397]

[0398]

[0399] Table-PFOA

[0400] 1mm 2mm Example No coating UnExp1mm Day 0 2 2 2 2 2 Day 1 2 2 4.22 2 2 Day 3 2 2 3.93 2 2 Week 1 2 2 4.22 2 2 Week 2 2 2 4.21 2 2 Week 4 2 2 5.11 2 2 Week 8 2 2 3.08 2 2 Week 12 2 2 3.13 2 2 9 months 2.16 2 3.67 2 2

[0401] Table-PFNA

[0402] 1mm 2mm Example No coating UnExp1mm Day 0 3 3 3 3.94 3 Day 1 3 3 3.02 3 3 Day 3 3 3 3.02 3 3 Week 1 3 3 3.2 3 3 Week 2 3 3 2.92 3 3 Week 4 3 3 3 3 3 Week 8 3 3 1.98 3 3 Week 12 3 3 1.85 3 3 9 months 3 3 3 3 3

[0403] Table-PFOS

[0404] 1mm 2mm Example No coating UnExp1mm Day 0 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 Day 1 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 Day 3 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 Week 1 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 Week 2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 Week 4 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 Week 8 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 Week 12 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 9 months 3 3 3 5.5 3

[0405] As observed in the table above, the contaminated concrete surface showed significant restriction / containment / limitation of PFAS contaminant migration when subjected to the PFAS containment system with the polyurea polymer E2 barrier layer.

[0406] The properties of barrier layers made of E2 in systems for containing PFAS were also observed. As shown below, E2-based barrier layers are associated with very thin film thicknesses, suitable for application to a variety of surfaces, including uneven and rough surfaces (such as concrete). More importantly, E2-based barrier layers are associated with very fast drying times, allowing containment systems to be applied in short durations and shortening downtime for using substrates (such as concrete pavements that carry vehicle traffic, water pipes that supply water to densely populated areas, etc.). More importantly, the VOC values ​​are very low, making E2-based barrier layers safer to use. In addition to the containment behavior described, the physical properties of E2 are also provided in the table below. For testing, E2 was sprayed.

[0407]

Claims

1. A system for containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the system comprising: a. a substrate having at least one surface; b. a barrier layer encapsulating said at least one surface of said substrate, wherein the barrier layer comprises a polyurea polymer formed as a reaction product of at least one isocyanate, at least one polyol, at least one amine, at least one chain extender, and at least one additive, wherein the barrier layer having the polyurea polymer encapsulating the at least one surface restricts the movement of the PFAS.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of concrete, reinforcement, fabric, container, tank, pipe, cover, cover lining, sheet, aluminum, steel, asphalt, polyurethane foam, ship cabin, geotextile, pipeline, deck, manhole, cylinder, uneven surface, soil / dirt, or fuel tank.

3. The system of any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the substrate is contaminated with PFAS.

4. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polyol is selected from polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyetherester polyols, polytetrahydrofuran, polyester diols, or combinations thereof.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the isocyanate is selected from 2,4-MDI, 4,4'-MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), a 50 / 50 blend of 2,4-MDI and 4,4-MDI, a carbodiimide modified isocyanate, a carbodiimide modified diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate (MDI), and isophorone diisocyanate IPDI / aliphatic diisocyanate.

6. The system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one additive is selected from dyes / pigments, antioxidants, release agents, lubricants, plasticizers, hydrolysis stabilizers, antiblocking agents, light stabilizers, crosslinking agents, catalysts, flame retardants, rheological additives, defoamers, friction reducers, antistatic agents, surfactants and other components, or combinations thereof.

7. The system of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the barrier layer is selected from the polyurea polymer disposed completely or partially on the at least one surface of the substrate.

8. The system of claims 1 to 7, wherein the substrate is concrete.

9. The system of claims 1 to 7, wherein the system is a reinforced fabric such that the substrate is a fabric and the surface of the fabric is coated with the barrier layer comprising the polyurea polymer.

10. A method for containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the method comprising at least the following steps: a. providing said substrate having at least one surface, b. encapsulating said at least one surface of said substrate with said barrier layer comprising said polyurea polymer of claims 1 to 7; c. optionally curing the polyurea polymer, wherein the barrier layer having the polyurea polymer encapsulating the at least one surface restricts migration of the PFAS from the surface.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the encapsulation by the polyurea polymer in step b. is carried out at a temperature of 45°C to 150°C.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method comprises: a. Providing a fabric as the substrate; b. optionally pretreating the fabric; c. encapsulating said fabric with said barrier layer having said polyurea polymer to form a reinforced fabric material; d. Optionally curing the reinforcement fabric.

13. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises: a. Providing concrete as the substrate; b. optionally pretreating the concrete; c. encapsulating said concrete with said barrier layer having said polyurea polymer to form a coated concrete; d. Optionally curing the coated concrete.

14. Use of the containment system of claims 1 to 9 or the method of claim 10 for limiting the movement of the PFAS in a building, for containing general contaminants, for enclosing items, for preparing bags, and for preparing containment units.

15. The system for containing PFAS according to claim 1, wherein the barrier layer having a polyurea polymer is formed as a reaction product of a mixture comprising: aPart A, wherein said Part A comprises: i. at least one first amine; ii. Optionally, at least one first chain extender; iii. optionally, a polyol composition comprising at least one first polyol; as well as iv. Optionally, at least one first additive selected from triols, curing agents, slow gelling agents, catalysts, molecular sieves, colorants / pigments, defoamers, amine chain extenders, stabilizers, coupling agents, antioxidants, release agents, liquid rheological additives and thickeners; and bPart B, wherein said Part B comprises: i. an isocyanate mixture comprising at least one isocyanate; ii. optionally, at least one second polyol; iii. optionally, at least one second amine; iv. Optionally, at least one second additive selected from propylene carbonate, benzoyl chloride, methyl diphenyl phosphine oxide, diisodecyl adipate, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; diol / triol wherein the amine is present in at least one of Part A or Part B, or in both Part A and Part B, wherein the polyol is present in at least one of Part A or Part B, or both Part A and Part B.

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