Mechanism for location verification

Abstract

Mechanisms relating to location verification are presented. One or more devices at the known location (s) are deployed for verifying location information for the UE. One or more devices perform positioning measurements and report the positioning measurements. The core network device verifies location information based on the reported positioning measurements and the positioning measurements from the UE. In this manner, it is ensured that the location provided by the UE is trusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to communication technology, and more particularly to methods, devices, and computer-readable media for location verification. Background Art

[0002] With the development of communication systems, new technologies have been proposed. A communication system can be regarded as a facility for realizing a communication session between two or more entities such as a user terminal, an access node or other nodes by providing a carrier between various entities involved in a communication path. A communication system can be provided, for example, by means of a communication network and one or more compatible communication devices. A communication session may include, for example, a communication for carrying data such as voice, e-mail, text message, multimedia or content data. Content may be multicast or unicast to a communication device. A user may access a communication system by means of an appropriate communication device or terminal. A user's communication device is generally referred to as a user equipment (UE) or user device. A communication device may access a carrier provided by an access node and transmit or receive communication on the carrier. Summary of the invention

[0003] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods and corresponding devices for location verification.

[0004] In a first aspect, a first device is provided. The first device includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the first device to at least: transmit first information to at least one second device. The first information includes an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which a third device is connected. The first device is also caused to transmit second information to at least one second device. The second information indicates a first positioning measurement configured for at least one second device. The first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, and the second positioning measurement is performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device; the first device is also caused to receive first measurement data determined based on the first positioning measurement from at least one second device; the first device is also caused to determine verification of location information of the third device based on the first measurement data and the second measurement data, and the second measurement data is determined based on the second positioning information.

[0005] In a second aspect, a second device is provided. The second device includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the second device to receive at least first information from the first device. The first information includes an identifier of a non-terrestrial network device to which the third device is connected. The second device is also caused to receive second information from the first device, the second information indicating a first positioning measurement configured for at least one second device. The first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, and the second positioning measurement is performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device. The second device is also caused to perform a first positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from the non-terrestrial network device. The second device is also caused to transmit first measurement data to the first device, the first measurement data being determined based on at least one of the following: the first positioning measurement or a first positioning result of the first positioning measurement.

[0006] In a third aspect, a third device is provided. The third device includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the third device to transmit location information of the third device to the first device at least at the third device. The third device is also caused to perform a second positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from a non-terrestrial network device. The third device is also caused to transmit second measurement data to the first device. The second measurement data is determined based on at least one of the following: the second positioning measurement or the second positioning result of the second positioning measurement.

[0007] In a fourth aspect, a method is provided. The method includes, at a first device, transmitting first information to at least one second device. The first information includes an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which a third device is connected. The method also includes transmitting second information to at least one second device, the second information indicating a first positioning measurement configured for at least one second device. The first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, the second positioning measurement being performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device. The method also includes receiving first measurement data determined based on the first positioning measurement from at least one second device. The method also includes determining verification of location information of the third device based on the first measurement data and the second measurement data, the second measurement data being determined based on the second positioning information.

[0008] In a fifth aspect, a method is provided. The method includes receiving, at a second device, first information from a first device. The first information includes an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which a third device is connected. The method also includes receiving second information from the first device. The second information indicates a first positioning measurement configured for at least one second device. The first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, which is performed by a third device for a non-terrestrial network device. The method also includes performing a first positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from the non-terrestrial network device. The method also includes transmitting first measurement data to the first device, the first measurement data being determined based on at least one of the following: the first positioning measurement or a first positioning result of the first positioning measurement.

[0009] In a sixth aspect, a method is provided. The method includes, at a third device, transmitting location information of a third device to a first device. The method also includes performing a second positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from a non-terrestrial network device. The method also includes transmitting second measurement data to the first device. The second measurement data is determined based on at least one of the following: the second positioning measurement or a second positioning result of the second positioning measurement.

[0010] In a seventh aspect, a device is provided. The device includes a component for transmitting first information to at least one second device at a first device. The first information includes an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which a third device is connected. The device also includes a component for transmitting second information to at least one second device. The second information indicates a first positioning measurement configured for at least one second device, and the first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, and the second positioning measurement is performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device. The device also includes a component for receiving first measurement data determined based on the first positioning measurement from at least one second device. The device also includes a component for determining verification of location information of the third device based on the first measurement data and the second measurement data, and the second measurement data is determined based on the second positioning measurement.

[0011] In an eighth aspect, a device is provided. The device includes a component for receiving first information from a first device at a second device. The first information includes an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which a third device is connected. The device also includes a component for receiving second information from the first device. The second information indicates a first positioning measurement configured for at least one second device, and the first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, and the second positioning measurement is performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device. The device also includes a component for performing a first positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from the non-terrestrial network device. The device also includes a component for transmitting first measurement data to the first device, the first measurement data being determined based on at least one of the following: the first positioning measurement or a first result of the first positioning measurement.

[0012] In a ninth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a component for transmitting, at a third device, location information of a third device to a first device. The apparatus includes a component for transmitting, at a third device, location information of a third device to a first device. The apparatus also includes a component for performing a second positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from a non-terrestrial network device. The apparatus also includes a component for transmitting, to the first device, second measurement data, the second measurement data being determined based on at least one of: a second positioning measurement or a second result of the second positioning measurement.

[0013] In a tenth aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided, comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to at least execute a method according to the fourth, fifth or sixth aspect above.

[0014] It should be understood that the invention summary is not intended to identify the key or essential features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become readily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing a communication system according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0017] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing interactions between devices according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 3A and Figure 3B Schematic diagrams respectively showing selection of a positioning reference unit (PRU) according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing interactions between devices according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 5A and Figure 5B Schematic diagrams of example scenarios according to example embodiments of the present disclosure are respectively shown;

[0021] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing interactions between devices according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 7 A flowchart of a method implemented at a first device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0023] Figure 8A flowchart of a method implemented at a second device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0024] Fig. 9 A flowchart of a method implemented at a third device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0025] Fig.10 shows a simplified block diagram of an apparatus suitable for implementing an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0026] Fig.11 A block diagram of an example computer-readable medium is shown according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustrating and helping those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without implying any limitation on the scope of the present disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various ways except for the way described below.

[0029] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

[0030] References in this disclosure to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example embodiment," etc., indicate that the described embodiment may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment must include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in conjunction with an example embodiment, whether or not explicitly described, it is considered to be within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to affect the combination of such feature, structure, or characteristic with other embodiments.

[0031] It should be understood that although the terms "first" and "second" etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the functions of the various elements. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

[0032] As used herein, "at least one of: " and "at least one of " and similar expressions, where a list of two or more elements is connected by "and" or "or", means at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or any more of the elements, or at least all of the elements. The term "non-transitory" as used herein is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal), not a limitation on data storage persistence (e.g., RAM versus ROM).

[0033] As used herein, unless explicitly stated, performing a step "in response to A" does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after "A" occurs, and may include one or more intermediate steps.

[0034] The terms used herein are used only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "include", "comprise", "have", "contain", "have" and / or "comprising" when used herein specify the presence of stated features, elements and / or components, etc., but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0035] As used in this application, the term "circuitry" may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware circuit implementation only (such as implementation only in analog and / or digital circuitry) and (b) a combination of hardware circuitry and software such as (where applicable): (i) a combination of (one or more) analog and / or digital hardware circuits and software / firmware, and (ii) any portion of a hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s), software, and memory(s) that work together to enable a device such as a mobile phone or server to perform various functions) and (c)(one or more) hardware circuits and / or(one or more) processors, such as(one or more) microprocessors or portions of(one or more) microprocessors, that require software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when the software is not required.

[0036] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claims. As another example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of only a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its accompanying software and / or firmware. For example, the term circuitry also covers a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in a server, cellular network device, or other computing or network device, if applicable to the particular claim element.

[0037] As used herein, the term "communication network" refers to a network that complies with any suitable communication standard, such as a fifth generation (5G) system, long term evolution (LTE), advanced LTE (LTE-A), wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), high speed packet access (HSPA), narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), etc. In addition, the communication between the terminal device and the network device in the communication network can be performed according to any suitable generation of communication protocols, including but not limited to the first generation (1G), second generation (2G), 2.5G, 2.75G, third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), 4.5G, fifth generation (5G) communication protocols and / or any other protocols currently known or developed in the future. The embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems. In view of the rapid development of communication, there will certainly be communication technologies and systems of future types that can embody the present disclosure. It should not be considered that the scope of the present disclosure is limited to the aforementioned system.

[0038] As used herein, the term "network device" refers to a node in a communication network, via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services from the network. Depending on the terminology and technology applied, a network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP), for example, a NodeB (NodeB or NB), an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB), a NR next generation NodeB (gNB), a remote radio unit (RRU), a radio head (RH), a remote radio head (RRH), an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay, a low power node (such as a femto, a pico, etc.).

[0039] The term "terminal device" refers to any end device capable of wireless communication. As an example and not limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, a user equipment (UE), a subscriber station (SS), a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS), or an access terminal (AT). The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet computer, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture terminal device such as a digital camera, a game terminal device, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, a laptop embedded device (LEE), a laptop mounted device (LME), a USB dongle, a smart device, a wireless customer premises equipment (CPE), an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical equipment and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial equipment and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain environments), consumer electronic devices, equipment operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. The terminal device may also correspond to the mobile terminal (MT) part of an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node (also called a relay node). In the following description, the terms "terminal device", "communication device", "terminal", "user equipment" and "UE" may be used interchangeably.

[0040] Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) is a combination of wireless communication services provided by a specific operator in a specific country. PLMN can include several different cellular technologies provided by a single operator in a given country, such as GSM / 2G, UMTS / 3G, LTE / 4G. The operating license of each PLMN is authorized by the local authorities in each country, and the operating license allows each PLMN to operate in the jurisdiction, but not in other countries / regions not covered by the operating license. In the ground system, the radio network coverage area is designed to follow the national border with reasonable accuracy. This inaccuracy that the PLMN coverage area leaks slightly across the border is an acceptable fact, and network operators have tools to solve this problem in border areas.

[0041] A problem arises when supranational cell coverage areas (i.e., coverage areas spanning multiple jurisdictions / countries) are considered. This problem may arise, for example, during satellite provision of 5G network access, which the 3GPP Radio Access Network (RAN) group estimates will eventually span up to 450km (see, for example, 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 38.821). Such very large single-cell coverage areas will inevitably leak across national borders in large quantities. Therefore, new mechanisms for controlling UE access to available PLMNs are being considered. One of these considered mechanisms is based on a change in the UE PLMN selection rules to restrict the UE to select only those PLMN candidates that are available in the same country as the current UE location. Since this is of interest to both financial issues and regulatory requirements, the network can use a specific mechanism to force UE PLMN selection. The mechanism assumes that the currently specified process is enhanced to allow the network to obtain a network-determined UE location, although how exactly this UE location enhancement is to be done has not yet been specified.

[0042] In some mechanisms, a cell identifier and a tracking area (which includes an identifier for a PLMN ID) are used by the network to determine the country in which the UE is currently located. However, for NR satellite access to the network, the cell size may be multi-national (i.e., covering multiple countries / jurisdictions). In this case, the cell ID granularity is not a good enough estimate for determining the jurisdiction in which the UE is currently located.

[0043] In some mechanisms, the UE can provide the core network equipment with the location information of the UE. However, the location information may not always be credible. In some mechanisms, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) can be used to provide a specific possibility of verification of the location information. But for regulatory requirements, this uncertainty is not enough. In some mechanisms, the verification of the location information can be assisted by the ground network (TN) access. However, this scheme is only applicable to areas where the TN radio and satellite radio overlap and the UE is connected to both TN and satellite access. This is a very limited case. In some other mechanisms, the location information can be verified based on the acquired information. This scheme uses the radio access network (RAN) assistance to verify the UE-based location estimate (generated by the UE). However, this is an incomplete scheme.

[0044] In order to solve at least part of the above problems and other potential problems, a location verification solution is proposed. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, one or more devices at a known location are deployed to verify the location information of the UE. The one or more devices perform positioning measurements and report the positioning measurements. The core network device verifies the location information based on the reported positioning measurements and the positioning measurements from the UE. In this way, it can be ensured that the location of the UE is credible.

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication system in which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be implemented is shown. The communication system 100, as part of a communication network, includes a device 110. In one example, the device 110 may be a core network device, such as a location management function (LMF) entity. The communication system 100 includes a device 120-1, a device 120-2, a device 120-3, ... and a device 120-N, which may be collectively referred to as "(multiple) devices 120." In some example embodiments, the device 120 may be a positioning reference unit (PRU). The term "positioning reference unit (PRU)" as used herein may refer to a device at a known location that is capable of performing positioning measurements (e.g., reference signal time difference (RSTD), reference signal received power (RSRP), UE receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, etc.) and reporting these measurements to a location server. In some embodiments, the PRU may also perform GNSS measurements. The communication system 100 also includes a device 130. In one example, the device 130 may be a terminal device. The communication system 100 also includes a non-terrestrial network (NTN) device 140, for example, the NTN device 140 may be a satellite. The communication system 100 may also include other devices not shown, such as network devices. It should be understood that Figure 1 The number of devices (110, 120, 130, and 140) shown in FIG. 1 is given for illustrative purposes and does not imply any limitation. Communication system 100 may include any suitable number of devices and cells.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the coverage area of ​​NTN device 140 may include at least a portion of three different countries 101, 102, and 103. Device 130 is currently located in country 102. Figure 1 In , device 130 is able to use all PLMNs allowed in countries 101, 103, and 103, where each of these allowed PLMNs is only allowed to operate within its own country. Figure 1 In the roaming case in country 102, device 130 may only be allowed to select in the PLMN of country 102, and the network is able to supervise the UE selection. Supervision by the network is to avoid theft of services by evading roaming charges, and to avoid criminal activities to evade lawful interception. Lawful interception can only be initiated by public authorities in the same country as the UE's location. The following does not need to be limited to national borders, and any form of terrestrial area can be applied. For example, a restricted area can be defined in which the UE is not allowed to be located, and the request can indicate that it is a request to determine whether the UE is outside of this restricted area. The restricted area may come from national or regional regulations or other requirements.

[0047] In the communication system 100, the device 130 and the device 140 may transmit data and control information to each other through a link from the device 140 to (multiple) devices 130, which is referred to as (multiple) downlinks (DL) and a link from (multiple) devices 130 to the device 140 is referred to as (multiple) uplinks (UL). The devices 110, 120, and 140 may also transmit data and control information to each other. The devices 110, 130, and 140 may also transmit data and control information to each other. The devices 110, 120, 130, and 140 may be interchangeable.

[0048] The communication in the communication environment 100 may be implemented according to any appropriate (multiple) communication protocols, including but not limited to cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G), second generation (2G), third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), fifth generation (5G), etc., wireless local area network communication protocols such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, etc., and / or any other protocol currently known or developed in the future. In addition, the communication may utilize any appropriate wireless communication technology, including but not limited to: code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division duplex (FDD), time division duplex (TDD), multiple input multiple output (MIMO), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and / or any other technology currently known or developed in the future.

[0049] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 2 , which shows a signaling flow 200 of data collection according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. For illustration purposes only, the signaling flow 200 involves device 110, device 120-1, device 130, and device 140. It is worth noting that Figure 2 The order of steps shown is by way of example only and is not limiting.

[0050] Device 130 (hereinafter referred to as the third device) may transmit 2005 location information of device 130 to device 110 (hereinafter referred to as the first device). For example, the location information may indicate that device 130 is located in country 102.

[0051] Device 110 may select 2010 one or more devices (eg, devices 120-1 and 120-2) based on the location information of device 110. In this manner, device 110 ensures that the devices are appropriately selected.

[0052] By way of example only, for a regional decision of inside / outside a supranational region, it may be determined on which side of the border the device 130 is located. Figure 3AAs shown, boundary line 310 can be fitted into a curve function Π(X-Pi)=0, where Pi(x,y) represents the coordinates of a point on boundary line 310. If device 130 and device 120-1 are located on the same side of boundary line 310, their coordinates in the curve function (as shown by 320 in FIG. 3) can be both positive or both negative, and the following formula can be valid: Π(Pue-Pi)*Π(P PRUi –Pi)>0 (1) Where P UE represents the position of the device 130, P PRUi represents the location of device 120 -I in the area which can be used to identify which side of the border device 130 may be on, and i can be any integer.

[0053] For closed areas, it can be divided into individual continuous curves and the above method can be performed to determine whether the device 130 is located inside / outside. Figure 3B As shown, the devices 120 - 1 , 120 - 2 , 120 - 3 , . . . , 120 -I may be deployed along the boundary of the area to be determined and surround the area where the device 130 is located.

[0054] refer to Figure 2 , device 110 may transmit assistance information of 2015 positioning reference signal (PRS) measurements to device 130 and device 120. In some example embodiments, the positioning assistance information may be broadcast using a pos system information block (SIB). In this case, device 130 may perform PRS and satellite measurements before / during registration without an explicit request to the 5G core (5GC). During registration, device 130 may carry a ProvideLocationInformation LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message with PRS and satellite measurements along with a registration request for satellite access. In the initial UE message, the LPP payload may be carried by the registration request. If the encryption key is available after the registration request, the LPP payload may also be carried by a separate UL_NAS_TRANSPORT. When Figure 2 When the access and mobility management function (AMF) not shown in FIG. 1 receives the registration request, the measurements in the LPP message may be forwarded to the device 110 using the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation service operation via the NL1 interface. The device 110 may reply with a country indication and region information associated with the UE.

[0055] Alternatively, device 120-1 may transmit a request for PRS measurement. Then, device 110 may transmit 2015 positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement assistance information to device 130 and device 120. For example, Figure 4 As shown, device 110 and one or more gNB / transmission reception points (TRPs) may exchange 410 TRP information via NR positioning protocol a (NRPPa). In some example embodiments, UE-initiated on-demand PRS may be performed. Device 120-1 may request 420 PRS measurement from device 110. Device 110 may provide 430 a predefined PRS configuration to devices 130 and 120-1. Alternatively, device 110 may determine a PRS configuration and provide 430 the determined PRS configuration to devices 130 and 120-1. Device 130 may request 440 assistance data from device 110. In other words, device 130 may transmit an on-demand PRS request. Device 110 may provide 450 assistance data to devices 120-1 and 130. In some example embodiments, if the PRS is not preconfigured, device 110 may determine a need for PRS transmission or determine to change PRS transmission characteristics. In this case, device 110 may transmit a PRS configuration request to one or more gNB / TRPs via NRPPa, and one or more gNB / TRPs may transmit a PRS configuration response to device 110 via NRPPa. In some example embodiments, the RSTD window for PRS may be deployed so that device 130 can only pick up signals within a specified / required area / country. Since the geographic topology of device 120-1 and device 130 is known prior to verification of the location information of device 130, the PRS-assisted RSTD window may be determined in device 110. In the case where PRS is configured to the TRP and reported from device 130, surrounding PRUs may also take measurements and perform field verification.

[0056] In some example embodiments, device 110 may transmit a RequestLocationInformation query for cell / satellite measurements instead of transmitting a position estimate via LPP.Device 110 may also send an NRPPa message POSITIONING INFORMATION REQUEST for UL measurements.

[0057] Return to reference Figure 2 , the NTN device 140 may transmit 2020 one or more PRSs to the device 130. The device 130 may monitor the plurality of PRRs based on the assistance information about the PRSs.

[0058] The device 130 performs 2025 a second positioning measurement based on one or more PRSs from the NTN device 140. In some embodiments, the device 130 may determine timestamp information associated with the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement. For example, the device 130 may receive the timestamp information from the device 110. Alternatively, the device 130 may receive the timestamp information from another device (e.g., an access and mobility management function (AMF)). In some embodiments, the device 130 may perform the second positioning measurement based on the timestamp information. For example, the device 130 may be scheduled for the second positioning measurement according to the timestamp information. In this case, in some embodiments, the device 130 and the device 120-1 may be scheduled for positioning measurement at the same time. In other words, the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may be performed at the same time. In this case, the propagation environment for the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may not be changed, thereby improving accuracy. Alternatively, according to the timestamp information, the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may not be performed at the same time. For example, the first positioning measurement may be performed at a first moment, and the second positioning measurement may be performed at a second moment. In this case, the first moment is comparable to the second moment. For example, the difference between the first time and the second time may be less than a threshold time period.

[0059] The second positioning measurement may be any suitable type of positioning measurement. For example, the second positioning measurement may include a round trip time (RTT). Alternatively or additionally, the second positioning measurement may include an uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA). In some example embodiments, the second positioning measurement may include a downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA). In some other embodiments, the second positioning measurement may include a timing advance (TA). Alternatively or additionally, the second positioning measurement may include an angle of arrival (AoA). In some example embodiments, the second positioning measurement may include an angle of deviation (AoD). In some other embodiments, the second positioning measurement may include a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurement.

[0060] Device 130 transmits 2030 second measurement data based on at least one of the second measurement or the second result of the second measurement to device 110. For example, device 130 may transmit the second measurement data by means of a ProvideLocationInformation LPP message. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is an RTT measurement, the second measurement data may include the RTT measured by device 130. In addition, in some example embodiments, the second measurement data may include the RTT result of the RTT measurement. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is UL-TDOA, the second measurement data may include the UL-TDOA measured by device 130. In addition, in some example embodiments, the second measurement data may include the UL-TDOA result of the UL-TDOA measurement. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is DL-TDOA, the second measurement data may include the DL-TDOA measured by device 130. In addition, in some example embodiments, the second measurement data may include the DL-TDOA result of the DL-TDOA measurement. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is TA, the second measurement data may include the TA measured by device 130. Furthermore, in some example embodiments, the second measurement data may include a TA result of a TA measurement. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is an AoA, the second measurement data may include an AoA measured by the device 130. Furthermore, in some example embodiments, the second measurement data may include an AoA result of an AoA measurement. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is an AoD, the second measurement data may include an AoD measured by the device 130. Furthermore, in some example embodiments, the second measurement data may include an AoD result of an AoD measurement. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is a GNSS measurement, the second measurement data may include GNSS information measured by the device 130. Furthermore, in some example embodiments, the second measurement data may include a GNSS result of a GNSS measurement.

[0061] In some example embodiments, device 110 may store 2035 the positioning process of device 130. In some example embodiments, device 110 may store methods and measurements performed by device 130. For example, as described above, the second measurement may be RTT. In this case, device 110 may store that the second measurement is RTT and the RTT value measured by device 130. In this way, it is ensured that device 130 and device 120 perform the same measurements.

[0062] In some example embodiments, device 110 may determine 2040 an identity of NTN device 140. For example, device 110 may receive a New Radio Cell Global Identifier (NCGI) from a radio access network device. Device 110 may determine the identity of NTN device 140 based on the NCGI. Alternatively, device 110 may receive an identity of a non-terrestrial network device from a radio access network device.

[0063] Device 110 transmits 2045 first information including an identification of NTN device 140 to device 120-1. In some example embodiments, the first information may be transmitted in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) message. Alternatively, the first message may be transmitted in a downlink non-access stratum transfer (DL_NAS_TRANSPORT) message. In other words, device 110 may activate device 120-1 and instruct device 120-1 to use the same NTN device 120 as device 130. Activation may be performed by LPP or DL_NAS_TRANSPORT. It is noteworthy that the transmission of the first information (2045) and the transmission of the second measurement data (2030) may occur in any suitable order. For example, as Figure 2 As shown in , the transmission (2045) of the first information may be after the transmission (2030) of the second measurement data. Alternatively, the first information may be transmitted before the transmission (2030) of the second measurement data. In some other example embodiments, the first information may be transmitted simultaneously with the transmission (2030) of the second measurement data.

[0064] Device 110 transmits 2050 second information to device 120-1. The second information indicates a first positioning measurement configured for device 120-1. The first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, which is performed by device 130 for NTN device 140. In other words, device 110 can request the same type of measurement from device 120-1 deployed nearby, the same type of measurement having the same positioning method for the same NTN device 140 as device 130.

[0065] In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is RTT, the first positioning measurement may also be RTT. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is UL-TDOA, the first positioning measurement may also be UL-TDOA. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is DL-TDOA, the first positioning measurement may also be DL-TDOA. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is TA, the first positioning measurement may also be TA. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is AoA, the first positioning measurement may also be AoA. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is AoD, the first positioning measurement may also be AoD. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is a GNSS measurement, the first positioning measurement may also be a GNSS measurement. In this way, it can be ensured that device 120-1 receives the same assistance and reports the same measurements (RTT, UL / DLTDOA, TA, AoA / AoD, GNSS) for the same TRP (NTN satellites) and the same visible GNSS satellites.

[0066] NTN device 140 may transmit 2055 one or more PRSs to device 120-1. Device 120-1 may monitor the plurality of PRRs based on the assistance information regarding the PRSs.

[0067] Device 120-1 performs 2060 a second positioning measurement based on one or more PRSs from NTN device 140. It is worth noting that the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may be performed in any suitable order. Figure 2 As shown in , the first positioning measurement may be performed after the second positioning measurement is performed. Alternatively, the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may be performed simultaneously. In other embodiments, the first positioning measurement may be performed before the second positioning measurement is performed.

[0068] In some embodiments, device 120-1 may determine timestamp information associated with the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement. For example, device 120-1 may receive timestamp information from device 110. Alternatively, device 120-1 may receive timestamp information from other devices (e.g., access and mobility management function (AMF)). In some embodiments, device 120-1 may perform the first and second positioning measurements based on timestamp information. For example, device 120-1 may be scheduled for the first positioning measurement according to the timestamp information. In this case, in some embodiments, device 130 and device 120-1 may be scheduled for positioning measurement at the same time. In other words, the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may be performed at the same time. In this case, the propagation environment for the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may not be changed, thereby improving accuracy. Alternatively, according to the timestamp information, the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may not be performed at the same time. For example, the first positioning measurement may be performed at a first moment, and the second positioning measurement may be performed at a second moment. In this case, the first moment is comparable to the second moment. For example, the difference between the first moment and the second moment may be less than a threshold time period.

[0069] Device 120-1 transmits 2065 first measurement data based on at least one of the first measurement or the first result of the first measurement to device 110. For example, device 120-1 may transmit the second measurement data by means of a ProvideLocationInformation LPP message. In some example embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is an RTT measurement, the first measurement data may include the RTT measured by device 120-1. In addition, in some example embodiments, the first measurement data may include the RTT result of the RTT measurement. Alternatively or additionally, if the first positioning measurement is UL-TDOA, the first measurement data may include the UL-TDOA measured by device 120-1. In addition, in some example embodiments, the first measurement data may include the UL-TDOA result of the UL-TDOA measurement. In some example embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is DL-TDOA, the first measurement data may include the DL-TDOA measured by device 120-1. In addition, in some example embodiments, the first measurement data may include the DL-TDOA result of the DL-TDOA measurement. In some other embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is TA, the first measurement data may include TA measured by device 120-1. In addition, in some example embodiments, the first measurement data may include TA results of TA measurements. Alternatively or additionally, if the first positioning measurement is AoA, the first measurement data may include AoA measured by device 120-1. In addition, in some example embodiments, the first measurement data may include AoA results of AoA measurements. In some example embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is AoD, the first measurement data may include AoD measured by device 120-1. In addition, in some example embodiments, the first measurement data may include AoD results of AoD measurements. In some other embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is GNSS measurement, the first measurement data may include GNSS information measured by device 120-1. In addition, in some example embodiments, the first measurement data may include GNSS results of GNSS measurements.

[0070] Device 110 determines 2080 verification of the location information of device 130 based on the first measurement data and the second measurement data. In this way, whether the location information is true can be verified. In addition, since device 120 is not dependent on device 130, all measurements and location estimates of device 120 are considered to be trustworthy. Based on this information and the method / location where device 120-1 is deployed, 5GC can ensure which side of the national border or which area device 130 is located.

[0071] In some example embodiments, device 110 may determine whether the second measurement data is within the range of the first measurement data. In this case, if the second measurement data is within the range of the first measurement data, device 110 may determine that the location information of device 130 is verified. Alternatively, if the second measurement data is outside the range of the first measurement data, device 110 may determine that the location information of device 130 is not verified. For example, if the location information indicates that the location of device 130 is within a closed area (e.g., closed area 330), the second measurement data reported by device 130 may be within the first measurement data from at least one pair of second devices located on the boundary, which may be represented as a measurement. 设备120 -j&NTN equipment 140<measurement 设备130&NTN设备140 <Measurement 设备120-i&NTN设备140 , and where i and j are integers. The measurement can be one of the following: RTT, TA, RSTD, AoA, AoD, or GNSS measurement. Just as an example, Figure 5A , RTT 510 measured by device 120-1 may represent the RTT between device 120-1 and device 140, RTT 520 measured by device 120-2 may represent the RTT between device 120-2 and device 140, and RTT 530 measured by device 130 may represent the RTT between device 130 and device 140. In this case, RTT 530 may be greater than RTT 510 and less than RTT 520.

[0072] Alternatively, the device 110 may determine the first formula based on the first measurement data, and determine the second formula based on the second measurement data. The device 110 may combine the first formula and the second formula. In this case, if the solution of the combined first formula and the second formula is within a closed area defined by at least one second device, the device 110 may determine that the location information of the third device is verified. Alternatively, if the solution is outside the closed area, the device 110 may determine that the location information of the third device is not verified. For example, if the location information indicates that the location of the device 130 is within a closed area (e.g., closed area 330), the corresponding formula reported by the device 130 (e.g., including one of TA, RTT, RSTD, satellite TOA) may be consistent with the measurement from (multiple) devices 120. In this case, if the formula (UE EQi ) is one of the measurement results from device 130, then device 120-1 has the measurement formula [PRU EQ1 ···PRU EQn ], UE EQi Whether with PRU k Consistency can be determined by: EQi Enter the PRU formula: [UE EQi, PRU EQ1 ···PRU EQn ], the solution of the combined formula can be obtained by Π(Pue-Pi)*Π(P PRUi –Pi)>0, where P UE represents the position of the device 130, P PRUi represents the location of device 120 -I in the area which can be used to identify which side of the border device 130 may be on, and i may be any integer.

[0073] In some example embodiments, device 120-1 may perform the first positioning measurement more than once. Device 120-1 may transmit 2070 third measurement data based on the re-performed first positioning measurement. In some example embodiments, device 130 may perform the second positioning measurement more than once. Device 130 may transmit 2075 fourth measurement data based on the re-performed second positioning measurement. In this case, device 110 may determine 2080 verification of the location information based on the third measurement data and the fourth measurement data. For example, in the case where the measurements from (multiple) devices 120 and device 130 are not synchronized for verification, since the satellite positions continuously change, interpolation may be used to align the measurements with the same timestamp. In this case, taking RTT as an example, Figure 5B As shown in PRUi&TRPi Can have [RTT 设备120-1&NTN设备140 (@Time T501), RTT 设备120-1&NTN设备140 (@Time T502), RTT 设备120-1&NTN设备140 (@time T503)]. The above measurement list can generate a continuous gradient / gap / difference list / sequence as one element is subtracted from the next: [ΔRTT 设备120-1&NTN设备140 (T502-T501), ΔRTT 设备120-1&NTN设备140 (T503-T502)]. Similarly, RTT 设备130&NTN设备140 Can have [RTT 设备130&NTN设备140 (@T501), RTT 设备130&NTN设备140 (@T502), RTT 设备130&NTN设备140 (@T503)] and a similar gradient / gap / difference list can be [ΔRTT 设备130&NTN设备140 (T502-T501), ΔRTT 设备130&NTN设备140 (T503-T502)] For each time interval, the measurement gap / difference of device 130 may be within the measurement gap / difference of at least two devices 120 (device 120-1 and device 120-2), which may be ΔRTT. 设备120-1&NTN设备140 (T n- T n-1 )<ΔRTT 设备130&NTN设备140(T n- T n-1 )<ΔRTT 设备120-2&NTN设备140 (T n- T n-1 ), where n can be an integer. It is worth noting that all other measurements including TA, RSTD, AoA / AoD and GNSS satellite measurements can also be applied to the above method.

[0074] In some example embodiments, the RSTD window determination and verification steps may also be applied to the codePhaseSearchWindow in the UE-assisted A-GNSS method. Figure 6 As shown in , the AMF may transmit 610 a location request to the device 140. The device 140 may perform (multiple) LPP transactions with the PRU for PRS and GNSS data with the device 120-1. The device 140 may perform 630 (multiple) LPP transactions with the device 130. The device 140 may also perform 640 an NRPPa transaction with the NG-RAN. The device 140 may then transmit 650 a location response to the AMF. In this manner, the device 140 may accelerate the measurement of the device 130. The device 140 may utilize a known GNSS environment and utilize the PRU configuration and TRP topology deployed by the operator to verify the location information of the device 130.

[0075] It is worth noting that the above exemplary embodiments can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the above exemplary embodiments can be implemented separately. Alternatively, the above exemplary embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner.

[0076] Figure 7 1 is a flow chart of a method 700 of the present disclosure. The method 700 may be implemented at any suitable device. For example, the method may be implemented at the device 110.

[0077] In some example embodiments, device 110 may receive location information of device 130 from device 130. For example, the location information may indicate that device 130 is located in country 102.

[0078] Device 110 may select one or more devices (eg, devices 120-1 and 120-2) based on the location information of device 110. In this manner, device 110 ensures that the devices are appropriately selected.

[0079] In some example embodiments, device 110 may transmit assistance information for positioning reference signal (PRS) measurements to device 130 and device 120. In some example embodiments, the positioning assistance information may be broadcast using a pos system information block (SIB). In this case, device 130 may perform PRS and satellite measurements before / during registration without an explicit request to the 5G core (5GC). During registration, device 130 may carry a ProvideLocationInformation LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message with PRS and satellite measurements along with a registration request for satellite access. In the initial UE message, the LPP payload may be carried by the registration request. If encryption keys are available after the registration request, the LPP payload may also be carried by a separate UL_NAS_TRANSPORT. When the access and mobility management function (AMF) receives the registration request, the measurements in the LPP message may be forwarded to device 110 using the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation service operation over the NL1 interface. The device 110 may reply with a country indication and region information.

[0080] Alternatively, device 110 may receive a request for PRS measurement from device 120-1. Device 110 may then transmit assistance information for positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement to device 130 and device 120-1.

[0081] Instead of transmitting a position estimate via LPP, device 110 may transmit a RequestLocationInformation query for cell / satellite measurements. Device 110 may also send an NRPPa message Positioning Information POSITIONINGINFORMATION REQUEST for UL measurements.

[0082] Device 110 may receive second measurement data based on the second measurement from device 130. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is an RTT measurement, the second measurement data may include the RTT measured by device 130. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is UL-TDOA, the second measurement data may include the UL-TDOA measured by device 130. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is DL-TDOA, the second measurement data may include the DL-TDOA measured by device 130. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is TA, the second measurement data may include the TA measured by device 130. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is AoA, the second measurement data may include the AoA measured by device 130. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is AoD, the second measurement data may include the AoD measured by device 130. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is a GNSS measurement, the second measurement data may include GNSS information measured by device 130.

[0083] In some example embodiments, device 110 may store the positioning process of device 130. In some example embodiments, device 110 may store the methods and measurements performed by device 130. For example, as described above, the second measurement may be RTT. In this case, device 110 may store that the second measurement is RTT and the RTT value measured by device 130. In this way, it is ensured that device 130 and device 120 perform the same measurement.

[0084] In some example embodiments, device 110 may determine an identity of NTN device 140. For example, device 110 may receive a New Radio Cell Global Identifier (NCGI) from a radio access network device. Device 110 may determine an identity of NTN device 140 based on the NCGI. Alternatively, device 110 may receive an identity of a non-terrestrial network device from a radio access network device.

[0085] At block 710, device 110 transmits first information including an identification of NTN device 140 to device 120-1. In some example embodiments, the first information may be transmitted in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) message. Alternatively, the first message may be transmitted in a downlink non-access stratum transport (DL_NAS_TRANSPORT) message. In other words, device 110 may activate device 120-1 and instruct device 120-1 to use the same NTN device 120 as device 130. Activation may be performed by LPP or DL_NAS_TRANSPORT.

[0086] At block 720, device 110 transmits second information to device 120-1. The second information indicates a first positioning measurement configured for device 120-1. The first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement performed by device 130 for NTN device 140. In other words, device 110 may request the same type of measurement from device 120-1 deployed nearby, the same type of measurement having the same positioning method for the same NTN device 140 as device 130.

[0087] In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is RTT, the first positioning measurement may also be RTT. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is UL-TDOA, the first positioning measurement may also be UL-TDOA. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is DL-TDOA, the first positioning measurement may also be DL-TDOA. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is TA, the first positioning measurement may also be TA. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is AoA, the first positioning measurement may also be AoA. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is AoD, the first positioning measurement may also be AoD. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is a GNSS measurement, the first positioning measurement may also be a GNSS measurement. In this way, it can be ensured that device 120-1 receives the same assistance and reports the same measurements (RTT, UL / DLTDOA, TA, AoA / AoD, GNSS) for the same TRP (NTN satellites) and the same visible GNSS satellites.

[0088] At block 730, device 110 receives first measurement data based on the first measurement from device 120-1. For example, the second measurement data may be received by means of a ProvideLocationInformation LPP message. In some example embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is an RTT measurement, the first measurement data may include the RTT measured by device 120-1. Alternatively or additionally, if the first positioning measurement is UL-TDOA, the first measurement data may include the UL-TDOA measured by device 120-1. In some example embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is DL-TDOA, the first measurement data may include the DL-TDOA measured by device 120-1. In some other embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is TA, the first measurement data may include the TA measured by device 120-1. Alternatively or additionally, if the first positioning measurement is AoA, the first measurement data may include the AoA measured by device 120-1. In some example embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is AoD, the first measurement data may include the AoD measured by device 120-1. In some other embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is a GNSS measurement, the first measurement data may include GNSS information measured by the device 120 - 1 .

[0089] At block 740, device 110 determines verification of the location information of device 130 based on the first measurement data and the second measurement data. In this way, whether the location information is true can be verified. In addition, since device 120 is not dependent on device 130, all measurements and location estimates of device 120 are considered to be trustworthy. Based on this information and the method / location where device 120-1 is deployed, 5GC can ensure which side of the national border or which region device 130 is located.

[0090] In some example embodiments, device 110 may determine whether the second measurement data is within the range of the first measurement data. In this case, if the second measurement data is within the range of the first measurement data, device 110 may determine that the location information of device 130 is verified. Alternatively, if the second measurement data is outside the range of the first measurement data, device 110 may determine that the location information of device 130 is not verified. For example, if the location information indicates that the location of device 130 is within a closed area (e.g., closed area 330), the second measurement data reported by device 130 may be within the first measurement data from at least one pair of second devices located on the boundary, which may be represented as a measurement. 设备120-j&NTN设备140 <Measurement 设备130&NTN设备140 <Measurement 设备120-i&NTN设备140 , and where i and j are integers. A measurement can be one of: RTT, TA, RSTD, AoA, AoD, or GNSS measurement.

[0091] Alternatively, the device 110 may determine the first formula based on the first measurement data, and determine the second formula based on the second measurement data. The device 110 may combine the first formula and the second formula. In this case, if the solution of the combined first formula and the second formula is within a closed area defined by at least one second device, the device 110 may determine that the location information of the third device is verified. Alternatively, if the solution is outside the closed area, the device 110 may determine that the location information of the third device is not verified. For example, if the location information indicates that the location of the device 130 is within a closed area (e.g., closed area 330), the corresponding formula reported by the device 130 (e.g., including one of TA, RTT, RSTD, satellite TOA) may be consistent with the measurement from (multiple) devices 120. In this case, if the formula (UE EQi ) is one of the measurement results from device 130, then device 120-1 has the measurement formula [PRU EQ1 ···PRU EQn ], UE EQi Whether with PRU k Consistency can be determined by: EQi Enter the PRU formula: [UE EQi , PRU EQ1 ···PRU EQn ], the solution of the combined formula can be obtained by Π(Pue-Pi)*Π(P PRUi –Pi)>0, where P UE represents the position of the device 130, P PRUi represents the location of device 120 -I in the area which can be used to identify which side of the border device 130 may be on, and i may be any integer.

[0092] In some example embodiments, device 110 may receive third measurement data based on the re-performed first positioning measurement transmission from device 120-1. Device 130 may receive fourth measurement data based on the re-performed second positioning measurement from device 130. In this case, device 110 may determine verification of the location information based on the third measurement data and the fourth measurement data. For example, in the case where the measurements from (multiple) devices 120 and device 130 are not synchronized for verification, interpolation may be used to align the measurements with the same timestamp because the satellite positions are continuously changing.

[0093] Figure 8 800 of the present disclosure. The method 800 may be implemented at any suitable device. For example, the method may be implemented at the device 120.

[0094] In some example embodiments, device 120 may receive assistance information for positioning reference signal (PRS) measurements from device 110. In some example embodiments, the positioning assistance information may be broadcast using a pos system information block (SIB). In this case, device 130 may perform PRS and satellite measurements before / during registration without an explicit request to the 5G core (5GC). During registration, device 130 may carry a ProvideLocationInformation LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message with PRS and satellite measurements with a registration request for satellite access. The LPP payload may be carried by the registration request in the initial UE message. If the encryption key is available after the registration request, the LPP payload may also be carried by a separate UL_NAS_TRANSPORT.

[0095] Alternatively, device 120 - 1 may transmit a request for PRS measurement. Then, device 110 may transmit assistance information for positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement to device 130 and device 120 .

[0096] At block 810, device 120-1 receives first information including an identification of NTN device 140 from device 110. In some example embodiments, the first information may be transmitted in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) message. Alternatively, the first message may be transmitted in a downlink non-access stratum transport (DL_NAS_TRANSPORT) message. In other words, device 110 may activate device 120-1 and instruct device 120-1 to use the same NTN device 120 as device 130. The activation may be performed by LPP or DL_NAS_TRANSPORT.

[0097] At block 820, device 120-1 receives second information from device 110. The second information indicates a first positioning measurement configured for device 120-1. The first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement performed by device 130 for NTN device 140. In other words, device 110 may request the same type of measurement from device 120-1 deployed nearby, the same type of measurement having the same positioning method for the same NTN device 140 as device 130.

[0098] In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is RTT, the first positioning measurement may also be RTT. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is UL-TDOA, the first positioning measurement may also be UL-TDOA. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is DL-TDOA, the first positioning measurement may also be DL-TDOA. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is TA, the first positioning measurement may also be TA. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is AoA, the first positioning measurement may also be AoA. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is AoD, the first positioning measurement may also be AoD. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is a GNSS measurement, the first positioning measurement may also be a GNSS measurement. In this way, it can be ensured that device 120-1 receives the same assistance and reports the same measurements (RTT, UL / DLTDOA, TA, AoA / AoD, GNSS) for the same TRP (NTN satellites) and the same visible GNSS satellites.

[0099] At block 830, device 120-1 performs a second positioning measurement based on one or more PRSs from NTN device 140. The 120-1 may receive one or more PRSs from NTN device 140. Device 120-1 may monitor multiple PRRs based on auxiliary information about the PRSs. In some embodiments, device 120-1 may determine timestamp information associated with the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement. For example, device 120-1 may receive timestamp information from device 110. Alternatively, device 120-1 may receive timestamp information from other devices (e.g., access and mobility management function (AMF)). In some embodiments, device 120-1 may perform first and second positioning measurements based on timestamp information. For example, device 120-1 may be scheduled for the first positioning measurement according to the timestamp information. In this case, in some embodiments, device 130 and device 120-1 may be scheduled for positioning measurement at the same time. In other words, the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may be performed at the same time. In this case, the propagation environment for the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may not be changed, thereby improving accuracy. Alternatively, according to the timestamp information, the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may not be performed at the same time. For example, the first positioning measurement may be performed at a first moment, and the second positioning measurement may be performed at a second moment. In this case, the first moment is comparable to the second moment. For example, the difference between the first moment and the second moment may be less than a threshold time period.

[0100] At block 840, device 120-1 transmits first measurement data based on the first measurement to device 110. For example, device 120-1 may transmit the second measurement data by means of a ProvideLocationInformation LPP message. In some example embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is an RTT measurement, the first measurement data may include the RTT measured by device 120-1. Alternatively or additionally, if the first positioning measurement is UL-TDOA, the first measurement data may include the UL-TDOA measured by device 120-1. In some example embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is DL-TDOA, the first measurement data may include the DL-TDOA measured by device 120-1. In some other embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is TA, the first measurement data may include the TA measured by device 120-1. Alternatively or additionally, if the first positioning measurement is AoA, the first measurement data may include the AoA measured by device 120-1. In some example embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is an AoD, the first measurement data may include the AoD measured by device 120-1. In some other embodiments, if the first positioning measurement is a GNSS measurement, the first measurement data may include GNSS information measured by device 120-1.

[0101] In some example embodiments, device 120-1 may perform the first positioning measurement more than once.Device 120-1 may transmit 2070 third measurement data based on the re-performed first positioning measurement.

[0102] Fig. 9 1 is a flow chart of a method 900 of the present disclosure. The method 900 can be implemented at any suitable device. For example, the method can be implemented at the device 130.

[0103] At block 910, device 130 transmits location information of device 130 to device 110. For example, the location information may indicate that device 130 is located in country 102.

[0104] In some example embodiments, device 130 may receive assistance information for positioning reference signal (PRS) measurements from device 110. In some example embodiments, the positioning assistance information may be broadcast using a pos system information block (SIB). In this case, device 130 may perform PRS and satellite measurements before / during registration without an explicit request to the 5G core (5GC). During registration, device 130 may carry a ProvideLocationInformation LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message with PRS and satellite measurements along with a registration request for satellite access. In the initial UE message, the LPP payload may be carried by the registration request. If the encryption key is available after the registration request, the LPP payload may also be carried by a separate UL_NAS_TRANSPORT.

[0105] In some example embodiments, device 130 may receive one or more PRSs from NTN device 140. Device 130 may monitor the plurality of PRRs based on the assistance information regarding the PRSs.

[0106] At block 920, device 130 performs a second positioning measurement based on one or more PRSs from NTN device 140. In some embodiments, device 130 may determine timestamp information associated with the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement. For example, device 130 may receive timestamp information from device 110. Alternatively, device 130 may receive timestamp information from other devices (e.g., access and mobility management function (AMF)). In some embodiments, device 130 may perform a second positioning measurement based on the timestamp information. For example, device 130 may be scheduled for the second positioning measurement according to the timestamp information. In this case, in some embodiments, device 130 and device 120-1 may be scheduled for positioning measurement at the same time. In other words, the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may be performed at the same time. In this case, the propagation environment for the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may not be changed, thereby improving accuracy. Alternatively, according to the timestamp information, the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement may not be performed at the same time. For example, the first positioning measurement may be performed at a first moment, and the second positioning measurement may be performed at a second moment. In this case, the first moment is comparable to the second moment. For example, the difference between the first time and the second time may be less than a threshold time period.

[0107] The second positioning measurement may be any suitable type of positioning measurement. For example, the second positioning measurement may include a round trip time (RTT). Alternatively or additionally, the second positioning measurement may include an uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA). In some example embodiments, the second positioning measurement may include a downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA). In some other embodiments, the second positioning measurement may include a timing advance (TA). Alternatively or additionally, the second positioning measurement may include an angle of arrival (AoA). In some example embodiments, the second positioning measurement may include an angle of deviation (AoD). In some other embodiments, the second positioning measurement may include a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurement.

[0108] At block 930, device 130 transmits second measurement data based on the second measurement to device 110. For example, device 130 may transmit the second measurement data by means of a ProvideLocationInformation LPP message. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is an RTT measurement, the second measurement data may include the RTT measured by device 130. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is UL-TDOA, the second measurement data may include the UL-TDOA measured by device 130. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is DL-TDOA, the second measurement data may include the DL-TDOA measured by device 130. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is TA, the second measurement data may include the TA measured by device 130. Alternatively or additionally, if the second positioning measurement is AoA, the second measurement data may include the AoA measured by device 130. In some example embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is AoD, the second measurement data may include the AoD measured by device 130. In some other embodiments, if the second positioning measurement is a GNSS measurement, the second measurement data may include GNSS information measured by the device 130 .

[0109] In some example embodiments, device 130 may perform the second positioning measurement more than once.Device 130 may transmit fourth measurement data based on the re-performed second positioning measurement.

[0110] In some example embodiments, an apparatus (e.g., device 110) for performing method 700 may include corresponding components for performing corresponding steps in method 700. These components may be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, they may be implemented by a circuit system or a software module.

[0111] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes: means for transmitting first information at a first device to at least one second device. The first information includes an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which a third device is connected; means for transmitting second information to at least one second device. The second information indicates a first positioning measurement configured for the at least one second device, and the first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, the second positioning measurement being performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device; means for receiving first measurement data determined based on the first positioning measurement from the at least one second device; means for determining verification of location information of the third device based on the first measurement data and the second measurement data, the second measurement data being determined based on the second positioning measurement.

[0112] In some example embodiments, the first positioning measurement includes at least one of: round trip time (RTT), uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), timing advance (TA), angle of arrival (AoA), angle of deviation (AoD), or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurement.

[0113] In some example embodiments, the first information is transmitted in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) message or a Downlink Non-Access Stratum Transfer (DL_NAS_TRANSPORT) message.

[0114] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes means for receiving a new wireless cell global identifier (NCGI) from a radio access network device; and means for determining an identity of the non-terrestrial network device based on the NCGI.

[0115] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for receiving an identification of the non-terrestrial network device from the radio access network device.

[0116] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes means for receiving a request for positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement from at least one second device; and means for transmitting assistance information regarding the PRS measurement to the at least one second device and a third device.

[0117] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for receiving location information of the third device from the third device; and means for selecting at least one second device based on the location.

[0118] In some example embodiments, the component for determining verification of the location information of the third device includes a component for determining whether the second measurement data is within the range of the first measurement data; and a component for determining that the location information of the third device is verified if it is determined that the second measurement data is within the range of the first measurement data; or a component for determining that the location information of the third device is not verified if it is determined that the second measurement data is outside the range of the first measurement data.

[0119] In some example embodiments, components for determining verification of location information of a third device include: components for determining a first formula based on first measurement data; components for determining a second formula based on second measurement data; components for combining the first formula and the second formula; and components for determining that the location information of the third device is verified if a solution of the combined first formula and the second formula is determined to be within a closed area defined by at least one second device; or components for determining that the location information of the third device is not verified if a solution is determined to be outside the closed area.

[0120] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes: a component for receiving third measurement data determined based on a first positioning measurement from at least one second device after receiving the first measurement data; a component for receiving fourth measurement data determined based on a second positioning measurement from a third device after receiving the second measurement data; and a component for determining verification of location information based on the third measurement data and the fourth measurement data.

[0121] In some example embodiments, the first device comprises a core network device, the at least one second device comprises at least one positioning reference unit, and the third device comprises a terminal device.

[0122] In some example embodiments, an apparatus (e.g., device 120) for performing method 800 may include corresponding components for performing corresponding steps in method 800. These components may be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, they may be implemented by a circuit system or a software module.

[0123] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes a component for receiving first information from a first device at a second device. The first information includes an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which a third device is connected; a component for receiving second information from the first device. The second information indicates a first positioning measurement configured for at least one second device, and the first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, the second positioning measurement being performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device; a component for performing the first positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from the non-terrestrial network device; a component for transmitting first measurement data to the first device, the first measurement data being determined based on at least one of the following: the first positioning measurement or a first result of the first positioning measurement.

[0124] In some example embodiments, the first positioning measurement includes at least one of: round trip time (RTT), uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), timing advance (TA), angle of arrival (AoA), angle of deviation (AoD), or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurement.

[0125] In some example embodiments, the first information is received in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) message or a Downlink Non-Access Stratum Transfer (DL_NAS_TRANSPORT) message.

[0126] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for re-performing the first positioning measurement; and means for transmitting third measurement data determined based on the re-performed first positioning measurement.

[0127] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes means for transmitting a request for positioning reference signal (PRS) measurements to a first device; and means for receiving assistance information regarding the PRS measurements from the first device.

[0128] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for determining timestamp information associated with the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement; and means for performing the first positioning measurement based on the timestamp information.

[0129] In some example embodiments, the first device comprises a core network device, the at least one second device comprises at least one positioning reference unit, and the third device comprises a terminal device.

[0130] In some example embodiments, an apparatus (e.g., device 130) for performing method 900 may include corresponding components for performing corresponding steps in method 900. These components may be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, they may be implemented by a circuit system or a software module.

[0131] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes: a component for transmitting, at a third device, location information of a third device to a first device; a component for transmitting, at a third device, location information of a third device to a first device; a component for performing a second positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from a non-terrestrial network device; and a component for transmitting, to the first device, second measurement data, the second measurement data being determined based on at least one of: a second positioning measurement or a second result of the second positioning measurement.

[0132] In some example embodiments, the second positioning measurement includes at least one of: round trip time (RTT), uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), timing advance (TA), angle of arrival (AoA), angle of deviation (AoD), or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurement.

[0133] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for re-performing the second positioning measurement; and means for transmitting fourth measurement data determined based on the re-performed second positioning measurement.

[0134] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for determining timestamp information associated with a first positioning measurement and a second positioning measurement, the first positioning measurement being performed by the second device; and means for performing the second positioning measurement based on the timestamp information.

[0135] In some example embodiments, the first device comprises a core network device, and the third device comprises a terminal device.

[0136] Fig.10 1 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1000 suitable for use with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1000 may be provided to implement a communication device, such as Figure 1 1000 is a device 110, a device 120 or a device 130 shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the device 1000 includes one or more processors 1010, one or more memories 1020 coupled to the processor 1010, and one or more communication modules 1040 coupled to the processor 1010.

[0137] The communication module 1040 is used for two-way communication. The communication module 1040 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface required to communicate with other network elements.

[0138] As non-limiting examples, processor 1010 may be of any type suitable for a local technology network, and may include one or more of the following: a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), and a processor based on a multi-core processor architecture. As a non-limiting example, device 1000 may have multiple processors, such as application specific integrated circuit chips that are time slaved to a clock of a synchronized main processor.

[0139] The memory 1020 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM) 1024, electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk, compact disk (CD), digital video disk (DVD), and other magnetic and / or optical memories. Examples of volatile memories include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM) 1022 and other volatile memories that do not persist during power outages.

[0140] Computer program 1030 includes computer executable instructions executed by associated processor 1010. Program 1030 may be stored in ROM 1024. Processor 1010 may perform any suitable actions and processes by loading program 1030 into RAM 1022.

[0141] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented with the aid of the program 1020, so that the device 1000 may execute the following steps: Figures 2 to 9 Any process of the present disclosure discussed. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.

[0142] In some example embodiments, the program 1030 is tangibly embodied in a computer-readable medium, which may be included in the device 1000 (e.g., the memory 1020) or in other storage devices accessible by the device 1000. The device 1000 may load the program 1030 from the computer-readable medium to the RAM 1022 for execution. The computer-readable medium may include any type of tangible non-volatile memory, such as ROM, EPROM, flash memory, hard disk, CD, DVD, etc. Fig.11 An example of a computer readable medium 1100 in the form of a CD or DVD is shown. The computer readable medium has a program 1030 stored thereon.

[0143] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuits, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software that may be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device. Although various aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other graphical representations, it should be understood that, as non-limiting examples, the blocks, devices, systems, techniques, or methods described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuits or logic, general hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0144] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer executable instructions, such as those included in a program module, which are executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor to perform the above referenced Figures 2 to 8 The method described. Typically, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. In various embodiments, the functions of program modules can be combined or split between program modules as needed. Machine executable instructions for program modules can be executed in local or distributed devices. In distributed devices, program modules can be located in both local and remote storage media.

[0145] The program code for implementing the method of the present disclosure can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer or other programmable data processing device so that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, enables the functions / operations specified in the flow chart and / or block diagram to be implemented. The program code can be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, as an independent software package, partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0146] In the context of the present disclosure, computer program codes or related data may be implemented by any suitable carrier to enable a device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of carriers include signals, computer readable media, etc.

[0147] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. The computer readable medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor systems, devices, or equipment, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of computer readable storage media will include an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0148] In addition, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring such operations to be performed in the particular order shown or in order, or performing all operations shown to achieve desired results. In certain cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, although several specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be interpreted as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but should be interpreted as descriptions of features that may be specific to a particular embodiment. The specific features described in the context of a separate embodiment may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. On the contrary, the various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments individually or in any suitable sub-combination.

[0149] Although the disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it should be understood that the disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A first device, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to at least: transmitting first information to at least one second device, the first information comprising an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which the third device is connected; Transmitting second information to the at least one second device, the second information indicating a first positioning measurement configured for the at least one second device, and the first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, the second positioning measurement being performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device; receiving, from the at least one second device, first measurement data determined based on the first positioning measurement; as well as Verification of the location information of the third device is determined based on the first measurement data and the second measurement data, wherein the second measurement data is determined based on the second positioning information.

2. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the first positioning measurement comprises at least one of: Round trip time, Uplink time difference of arrival, Downlink time difference of arrival, Timing advance, Angle of arrival, Deviation angle, or Global Navigation Satellite System Measurements. 3 . The first device according to claim 1 , wherein the first information is transmitted in a Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol message or a downlink non-access stratum transmission message. 4 .

4. The first device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first device to at least: receiving a new radio cell global identifier from a radio access network device; and The identification of the non-terrestrial network device is determined based on the new radio cell global identifier.

5. The first device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first device to at least: An identification of the non-terrestrial network device is received from a radio access network device.

6. The first device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first device to at least: receiving a request for positioning reference signal measurements from the at least one second device; and Assistance information regarding the positioning reference signal measurement is transmitted to the at least one second device and the third device.

7. The first device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first device to at least: receiving the location information of the third device from the third device; and The at least one second device is selected based on the location.

8. The first device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first device to at least: determining whether the second measurement data is within a range of the first measurement data; and If it is determined that the second measurement data is within the range of the first measurement data, determining that the location information of the third device is verified; or If it is determined that the second measurement data is outside the range of the first measurement data, it is determined that the location information of the third device is not verified.

9. The first device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first device to at least: determining a first formula based on the first measurement data; determining a second formula based on the second measurement data; combining the first formula and the second formula; as well as If it is determined that the solution of the combined first equation and the second equation is within the closed area defined by the at least one second device, determining that the location information of the third device is verified; or If it is determined that the solution is outside the closed area, it is determined that the location information of the third device is not verified.

10. The first device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first device to at least: After receiving the first measurement data, receiving, from the at least one second device, third measurement data determined based on the first positioning measurement; After receiving the second measurement data, receiving, from the third device, fourth measurement data determined based on the second positioning measurement; as well as Based on the third measurement data and the fourth measurement data, the verification of the position information is determined.

11. The first device according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the first device comprises a core network device, the at least one second device comprises at least one positioning reference unit, and the third device comprises a terminal device.

12. A second device, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to at least: receiving first information from the first device, the first information including an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which the third device is connected; receiving second information from the first device, the second information indicating a first positioning measurement configured for the at least one second device, and the first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, the second positioning measurement being performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device; performing the first positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from the non-terrestrial network device; as well as First measurement data is transmitted to the first device, the first measurement data being determined based on at least one of: the first positioning measurement or a first result of the first positioning measurement.

13. The second device of claim 12, wherein the first positioning measurement comprises at least one of: Round trip time, Uplink time difference of arrival, Downlink time difference of arrival, Timing advance, Angle of arrival, Deviation angle, or Global Navigation Satellite System Measurements.

14. The second device according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the first information is received in a Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol message or a downlink non-access stratum transmission message.

15. The second device according to any one of claims 12-14, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second device to at least: re-performing the first positioning measurement; and Third measurement data determined based on the re-performed first positioning measurement is transmitted.

16. The second device according to any one of claims 12-15, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second device to at least: transmitting a request for positioning reference signal measurement to the first device; and Assistance information regarding the positioning reference signal measurement is received from the first device.

17. The second device according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second device to at least: determining timestamp information associated with the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement; and The first positioning measurement is performed based on the timestamp information.

18. The second device according to any one of claims 12-17, wherein the first device comprises a core network device, the at least one second device comprises at least one positioning reference unit, and the third device comprises a terminal device.

19. A third device, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the third device to at least: transmitting the location information of the third device to the first device; performing a second positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from a non-terrestrial network device; and Second measurement data is transmitted to the first device, the second measurement data being determined based on at least one of: the second positioning measurement or a second result of the second positioning measurement.

20. The third device of claim 19, wherein the second positioning measurement comprises at least one of: Round trip time, Uplink time difference of arrival, Downlink time difference of arrival, Timing advance, Angle of arrival, Deviation angle, or Global Navigation Satellite System Measurements.

21. The third device according to any one of claims 19-20, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the third device to at least: re-performing the second positioning measurement; and Fourth measurement data determined based on the re-performed second positioning measurement is transmitted.

22. The third device according to any one of claims 19-21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the third device to at least: determining timestamp information associated with a first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement, the first positioning measurement being performed by the second device; and The second positioning measurement is performed based on the timestamp information.

23. The third device according to any one of claims 19-22, wherein the first device comprises a core network device, and the third device comprises a terminal device.

24. A method comprising: At the first device, transmitting first information to at least one second device, the first information including an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which the third device is connected; Transmitting second information to the at least one second device, the second information indicating a first positioning measurement configured for the at least one second device, and the first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, the second positioning measurement being performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device; receiving, from the at least one second device, first measurement data determined based on the first positioning measurement; as well as Verification of the location information of the third device is determined based on the first measurement data and the second measurement data, wherein the second measurement data is determined based on the second positioning information.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first positioning measurement comprises at least one of: Round trip time, Uplink time difference of arrival, Downlink time difference of arrival, Timing advance, Angle of arrival, Deviation angle, or Global Navigation Satellite System Measurements.

26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the first information is transmitted in a Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol message or a downlink non-access stratum transmission message.

27. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 26, further comprising: receiving a new radio cell global identifier from a radio access network device; as well as The identification of the non-terrestrial network device is determined based on the new radio cell global identifier.

28. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 26, further comprising: An identification of the non-terrestrial network device is received from a radio access network device.

29. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 28, further comprising: receiving a request for positioning reference signal measurements from the at least one second device; as well as Assistance information regarding the positioning reference signal measurement is transmitted to the at least one second device and the third device.

30. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 29, further comprising: receiving the location information of the third device from the third device; as well as The at least one second device is selected based on the location.

31. The method according to any one of claims 24-30, wherein determining the verification of the location information of the third device comprises: determining whether the second measurement data is within a range of the first measurement data; as well as If it is determined that the second measurement data is within the range of the first measurement data, determining that the location information of the third device is verified; or If it is determined that the second measurement data is outside the range of the first measurement data, it is determined that the location information of the third device is not verified.

32. The method of any one of claims 24-30, wherein determining the verification of the location information of the third device comprises: determining a first formula based on the first measurement data; determining a second formula based on the second measurement data; combining the first formula and the second formula; as well as If it is determined that the solution of the combined first equation and the second equation is within the closed area defined by the at least one second device, determining that the location information of the third device is verified; or If it is determined that the solution is outside the closed area, it is determined that the location information of the third device is not verified.

33. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 32, further comprising: After receiving the first measurement data, receiving, from the at least one second device, third measurement data determined based on the first positioning measurement; After receiving the second measurement data, receiving, from the third device, fourth measurement data determined based on the second positioning measurement; as well as Based on the third measurement data and the fourth measurement data, the verification of the position information is determined.

34. The method according to any one of claims 24-33, wherein the first device comprises a core network device, the at least one second device comprises at least one positioning reference unit, and the third device comprises a terminal device.

35. A method comprising: At the second device, receiving first information from the first device, the first information including an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which the third device is connected; receiving second information from the first device, the second information indicating a first positioning measurement configured for the at least one second device, and the first positioning measurement is determined based on a second positioning measurement, the second positioning measurement being performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device; performing the first positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from the non-terrestrial network device; as well as First measurement data is transmitted to a first device, the first measurement data being determined based on at least one of: the first positioning measurement or a first result of the first positioning measurement.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the first positioning measurement comprises at least one of: Round trip time, Uplink time difference of arrival, Downlink time difference of arrival, Timing advance, Angle of arrival, Deviation angle, or Global Navigation Satellite System Measurements.

37. The method according to claim 35 or 36, wherein the first information is received in a Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol message or a downlink non-access stratum transmission message.

38. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 37, further comprising: re-performing the first positioning measurement; as well as Third measurement data determined based on the re-performed first positioning measurement is transmitted.

39. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 38, further comprising: Transmitting a request for positioning reference signal measurement to the first device; as well as Assistance information regarding the positioning reference signal measurement is received from the first device.

40. The method according to any one of claims 35-39, further comprising: determining timestamp information associated with the first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement; as well as The first positioning measurement is performed based on the timestamp information.

41. The method according to any one of claims 35-40, wherein the first device comprises a core network device, the at least one second device comprises at least one positioning reference unit, and the third device comprises a terminal device.

42. A method comprising: At the third device, transmitting the location information of the third device to the first device; performing a second positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from a non-terrestrial network device; as well as Second measurement data is transmitted to the first device, the second measurement data being determined based on at least one of: the second positioning measurement or a second result of the second positioning measurement.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein the second positioning measurement comprises at least one of: Round trip time, Uplink time difference of arrival, Downlink time difference of arrival, Timing advance, Angle of arrival, Deviation angle, or Global Navigation Satellite System Measurements.

44. The method according to any one of claims 42-43, further comprising: re-performing the second positioning measurement; as well as Fourth measurement data determined based on the re-performed second positioning measurement is transmitted.

45. The method according to any one of claims 42-44, further comprising: determining timestamp information associated with a first positioning measurement and the second positioning measurement, the first positioning measurement being performed by the second device; as well as The second positioning measurement is performed based on the timestamp information.

46. ​​The method according to any one of claims 42-45, wherein the first device comprises a core network device, and the third device comprises a terminal device.

47. An apparatus comprising: means for transmitting, at the first device, first information to at least one second device, the first information comprising an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which the third device is connected; means for transmitting second information to the at least one second device, the second information indicating a first positioning measurement configured for the at least one second device, and the first positioning measurement being determined based on a second positioning measurement, the second positioning measurement being performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device; means for receiving, from at least one second device, first measurement data determined based on the first positioning measurement; as well as Means for determining verification of the location information of the third device based on the first measurement data and second measurement data, the second measurement data being determined based on the second positioning measurement.

48. An apparatus comprising: means for receiving, at the second device, first information from the first device, the first information comprising an identification of a non-terrestrial network device to which the third device is connected; means for receiving second information from the first device, the second information indicating a first positioning measurement configured for the at least one second device, and the first positioning measurement being determined based on a second positioning measurement, the second positioning measurement being performed by the third device for the non-terrestrial network device; means for performing said first positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from said non-terrestrial network device; as well as Means for transmitting first measurement data to a first device, said first measurement data being determined based on at least one of: said first positioning measurement or a first result of said first positioning measurement.

49. An apparatus comprising: A means for transmitting, at a third device, location information of the third device to the first device; means for performing a second positioning measurement based on a positioning reference signal from a non-terrestrial network device; as well as Means for transmitting second measurement data to the first device, the second measurement data being determined based on at least one of: the second positioning measurement or a second result of the second positioning measurement.

50. A computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon, the instructions being used to cause an apparatus to at least perform the method according to any one of claims 24-34, or the method according to any one of claims 35-41, or the method according to any one of claims 42-46.

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