Experimental device for simulating influence of different phreatic water level burial depths on crop growth process and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental device for simulating influence of different phreatic water level burial depths on a crop growth process and a use method. The experimental device comprises a crop planting unit, a water level adjusting unit, a main body frame and a step ladder, the crop planting unit comprises a plurality of planting grooves with different depths, the side walls of the planting grooves are made of transparent organic glass, scale marks are arranged on the side walls, zero scale marks are located at the upper ends of the side walls, and a plurality of water through holes are formed in the lower ends of the side walls; the water level adjusting unit comprises a water supply device, a water storage tank and a drainage device, and adjusts the simulated phreatic water level through a water supply valve and a drainage valve, so that the simulated phreatic water level is relatively stably kept at a certain height; the main body frame is used for fixedly supporting the crop planting unit and the water level adjusting unit; the step ladders are arranged on two sides of the main body frame. According to the experimental device for simulating the influence of different phreatic water level burial depths on crop growth and the use method, the structure is simple, operation is easy, and the experimental device can be used for researching the influence rule of different phreatic water level burial depths on soil water and salt migration and crop growth and development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of soil simulation experiments, and in particular to an experimental device for simulating the influence of different phreatic depths on crop growth and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural production, the depth of the groundwater table is crucial to maintaining soil health and promoting crop growth. The depth of the groundwater table not only affects the dynamic changes of soil moisture, but is also directly related to the water supply, nutrient absorption, and soil aeration of crops. Therefore, simulating the impact of different groundwater table depths on crop growth is of great significance for optimizing irrigation systems, increasing crop yields, and guiding land reclamation in coal mining subsidence areas.

[0003] At present, some scholars and research institutions have carried out research on the impact of the depth of the groundwater table on crop growth. For example, through field experiments, the growth and development of crops under different groundwater depths are observed, and the groundwater evaporation is calculated using methods such as the groundwater evaporation coefficient to explore the mechanism of the impact of groundwater on crop growth. In addition, some experimental stations and scientific research institutions also use advanced instruments and equipment, such as light incubators and plant growth chambers, to conduct indoor simulation experiments on crops in order to more accurately control the experimental conditions and study the impact of the groundwater depth on crop growth.

[0004] However, the existing technology still has some shortcomings. First, although field experiments can truly reflect the growth conditions of crops under natural conditions, the experimental conditions are difficult to control, and the experimental results are easily affected by various factors such as climate and soil. Secondly, although indoor simulation experiments can accurately control the experimental conditions, the current experimental equipment can often only simulate a single phreatic level burial depth condition, and cannot achieve continuous simulation and comparison of different phreatic level burial depths. In addition, when simulating the impact of phreatic level burial depth changes on the crop growth process, the existing experimental equipment lacks systematic data monitoring and analysis methods, making it difficult to accurately evaluate the specific impact of phreatic level burial depth changes on crop growth.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for an experimental device and a method for using the device that can simulate the effect of different water table depths on crop growth, so as to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and improve the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and a method for using the device to simulate the influence of different water table depths on the growth process of crops, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] In the first aspect, an experimental device for simulating the influence of different water table depths on the crop growth process comprises: a crop planting unit, a water level regulating unit, a main frame and a step ladder, characterized in that the crop planting unit comprises a plurality of planting troughs of different depths, the water level regulating unit comprises a water supply device, a water storage tank and a drainage device, the crop planting unit and the water level regulating unit are fixedly mounted on the main frame, and step ladders are arranged on both sides of the main frame.

[0009] Furthermore, the side wall of the planting trough is made of transparent organic glass, the side wall is provided with scale lines, and the zero scale line is located at the upper end of the side wall, and a plurality of water holes are opened at the lower end of the side wall, and a water-permeable filter net is installed at the water holes.

[0010] Furthermore, a permeable baffle is arranged at the lower part of the planting trough, and the bottom of the permeable baffle is higher than the upper edge of the water hole on the side wall of the planting trough. The permeable baffle is used to support the soil matrix in the planting trough and prevent the matrix from being lost.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of water holes are provided on the inner side wall of the water storage tank, which cooperate with the water holes on the side wall of the planting tank; a drainage hole is provided on the side wall of the water storage tank on the drainage device side, which cooperates with the drainage device.

[0012] Furthermore, the water supply device is provided with a water supply valve, and the drainage device is provided with a drainage valve, and the simulated diving level is adjusted by the water supply valve and the drainage valve so as to be relatively stably maintained at a certain height.

[0013] Furthermore, monitoring sampling holes are opened on the side walls of the planting trough, and the monitoring sampling holes are respectively arranged at positions 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm below the zero scale line, and hole blocking covers are installed at the monitoring sampling holes.

[0014] In a second aspect, a method for using an experimental device for simulating the effect of different water table depths on crop growth is provided, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1: Determine the number of different phreatic depths to be simulated and the specific phreatic depth values ​​according to the research needs, refer to the measured data of the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the study area, design the main physical and chemical property parameters of the experimental soil matrix (particle size distribution, bulk density, water content, pH value, organic matter content and total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content), and formulate a corresponding monitoring plan;

[0016] S2: Assemble the experimental device, fill the experimental soil matrix into the planting trough, and make the upper surface of the soil matrix level with the zero scale line on the side wall of the planting trough;

[0017] S3: Connect the water supply device and the drainage device, and adjust the simulated diving level through the water supply valve and the drainage valve to keep it relatively stable at a certain height;

[0018] S4: Plant experimental crops and carry out normal water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control according to crop growth needs and experimental design;

[0019] S5: Continuously monitor crop growth and physiological indicators throughout the crop growth cycle, and directly monitor or sample the physical and chemical properties of soil at different depths through monitoring sampling holes;

[0020] S6: Based on experimental monitoring data, analyze the impact of different groundwater depths on soil and crops.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0022] (1) Accurate simulation: The present invention can effectively simulate various natural environments by precisely controlling the burial depth of the groundwater level, thus providing reliable data support for crop growth research.

[0023] (2) Efficient experiment: The present invention shortens the experimental cycle and improves research efficiency through integrated design, helping researchers to quickly understand the specific impact of changes in the depth of the groundwater level on crop growth.

[0024] (3) Easy to promote: The present invention is simple to operate, low in cost, and easy to promote and use in the fields of agricultural scientific research and teaching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a crop planting unit of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the planting trough of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the main framework of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a step ladder of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a water level regulating unit of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a water storage tank of the present invention.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings, 1-crop planting unit, 2-water level regulating unit, 3-main frame, 4-step ladder, 5-planting trough, 6-water supply device, 7-water storage tank, 8-drainage device, 9-permeable partition, 51-water hole, 52-monitoring sampling hole, 61-water supply valve, 71-water hole, 72-drainage hole, 81-drainage valve. Specific embodiments

[0033] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, an experimental device for simulating the effect of different water table depths on crop growth comprises: a crop planting unit 1, a water level regulating unit 2, a main frame 3 and a step ladder 4. The crop planting unit 1 and the water level regulating unit 2 are fixedly mounted on the main frame 3, and the step ladders 4 are arranged on both sides of the main frame 3. Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the crop planting unit 1 includes a plurality of planting grooves 5 of different depths. Figure 1 , 6 As shown in Figure 7, the water level regulating unit 2 includes a water supply device 6, a water storage tank 7 and a drainage device 8.

[0036] In this embodiment, the crop planting unit 1 is fixed to the main frame 3 by bolts, and the two sides of the main frame 3 are connected to the mobile step ladder 4, which can be used by the experimenter to climb up and carry out experimental operations. The main frame 3 is 210 cm high and the step ladder 4 is 180 cm high. The left side, right side, rear side and bottom plate of the planting trough 5 are made of hard stainless steel plates with a thickness of 1-1.5 mm. The front side is made of a transparent organic glass plate and is provided with scale lines. The zero scale line is located at the upper end of the front side. Two rows of 10 water holes 51 are opened within 10 cm above the bottom plate of the lower end of the front side, and a water-permeable filter is installed at the water hole 51.

[0037] The crop selected in this embodiment is winter wheat. Relevant studies have shown that the best burial depth for winter wheat growth and production is about 100 cm. In this embodiment, four planting troughs 5 with different depths of 210 cm, 160 cm, 110 cm and 60 cm are set to simulate four burial depths of 200 cm, 150 cm, 100 cm and 50 cm. The planting trough 5 is 50 cm wide and 200 cm long. Monitoring sampling holes 52 are opened on the side wall of the planting trough 5. The monitoring sampling holes 52 are arranged at 10 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm below the zero scale line, respectively. The monitoring sampling holes 52 are installed with plugging cover plates.

[0038] The water level regulating unit 2 of this embodiment stores water in the water storage tank 7 and adjusts the simulated diving level through the water supply valve 61 and the drainage valve 81 so as to keep it relatively stably at a certain height.

[0039] The crop selected in this embodiment is winter wheat, and the experiment was started in October. The experimental steps are as follows:

[0040] S1: Design and prepare the soil matrix for the experiment;

[0041] S2: Assemble the experimental device and fill the soil matrix into the planting trough so that the upper surface of the soil matrix is ​​flush with the zero scale line on the side wall of the planting trough (5);

[0042] S3: The simulated diving level is adjusted by the water level adjustment unit 2 so as to be relatively stably maintained at a certain height.

[0043] S4: Plant wheat and carry out normal water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control.

[0044] S5: During the whole growth cycle of wheat, its growth potential and physiological indicators are continuously monitored, and the physical and chemical properties of soil at different depths are directly monitored or sampled and tested through the monitoring sampling holes 52;

[0045] S6: Based on experimental monitoring data, analyze the effects of different groundwater depths on soil physical and chemical properties and wheat growth and yield.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "both sides", "between", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore, should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0047] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the effect of different water table depths on crop growth, comprising a crop planting unit (1), a water level regulating unit (2), a main frame (3) and a step ladder (4), characterized in that: The crop planting unit (1) comprises a plurality of planting troughs (5) of different depths; the water level regulating unit (2) comprises a water supply device (6), a water storage tank (7) and a drainage device (8); the crop planting unit (1) and the water level regulating unit (2) are fixedly mounted on a main frame (3); and steps (4) are provided on both sides of the main frame (3).

2. The experimental device for simulating the effect of different water table depths on crop growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the planting trough (5) is made of transparent organic glass, and scale lines are arranged on the side wall, and the zero scale line is located at the upper end of the side wall. A plurality of water holes (51) are opened at the lower end of the side wall, and a water-permeable filter screen is installed at the water holes (51).

3. The experimental device for simulating the effect of different water table depths on crop growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water-permeable baffle (9) is arranged at the lower part of the planting trough (5), the bottom of the water-permeable baffle (9) is higher than the upper edge of the water hole (51) on the side wall of the planting trough (5), and the water-permeable baffle (9) is used to support the soil matrix in the planting trough (5).

4. The experimental device for simulating the effect of different water table depths on crop growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side wall of the water storage tank (7) is provided with a plurality of water holes (71), which cooperate with the water holes (51) on the side wall of the planting tank (5); the water storage tank (7) is provided with a drainage hole (72) on the side wall of the drainage device (8), which cooperates with the drainage device (8).

5. The experimental device for simulating the effect of different water table depths on crop growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply device (6) is provided with a water supply valve (61), and the drainage device (8) is provided with a drainage valve (81), and the simulated diving level is adjusted by the water supply valve (61) and the drainage valve (81).

6. The experimental device for simulating the effect of different water table depths on crop growth according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side wall of the planting trough (5) is provided with monitoring sampling holes (52), which are respectively arranged at positions 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm below the zero scale line, and a hole blocking cover is installed at the monitoring sampling holes (52).

7. A method for using the experimental device for simulating the influence of different water table depths on crop growth according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method of use comprises the following steps: S1: Determine the number of different phreatic depths to be simulated and the specific phreatic depth values ​​according to the research needs, refer to the measured data of the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the study area, design the main physical and chemical property parameters of the experimental soil matrix (particle size distribution, bulk density, water content, pH value, organic matter content and total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content), and formulate a corresponding monitoring plan; S2: Assemble the experimental device, fill the experimental soil matrix into the planting groove (5), so that the upper surface of the soil matrix is ​​flush with the zero scale line of the side wall of the planting groove (5); S3: connecting the water supply device (6) and the drainage device (8), and adjusting the simulated diving level through the water supply valve (61) and the drainage valve (81) so that the simulated diving level is relatively stably maintained at a certain height; S4: Plant experimental crops and carry out normal water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control according to crop growth needs and experimental design; S5: During the whole growth cycle of crops, the growth and physiological indicators of crops are continuously monitored, and the physical and chemical properties of soil at different depths are directly monitored or sampled and tested through monitoring sampling holes (52); S6: Based on experimental monitoring data, analyze the impact of different groundwater depths on soil and crops.

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