Method for preventing and controlling bacterium-cultured termites in water conservancy project dam

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and treating bacterium-cultured termites in a water conservancy project dam. The method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a bactericide solution; 2) soaking a wood cellulose material into the bactericide solution; (3) after the wooden cellulose material is soaked, taking out and drying in the shade to obtain a bait agent; and 4) placing the bait, and bringing the bait back to the ant nest through contact and feeding of the termites and the bait. The symbiotic relationship between termites and fungi is utilized, the ecological balance of a fungus garden is destroyed through the bactericide, food supply of the termites is affected, and the effect of indirectly preventing and controlling the termites is achieved. The method is friendly to the environment, water sources and non-target organisms and meets the environmental protection requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of termite control, and in particular to a method for controlling fungus-cultured termites in a dam of a water conservancy project. Background Art

[0002] As the old saying goes, "a thousand-mile dyke is breached by ant holes." Termites have been the number one pest in the field of water conservancy projects since ancient times. With the continuous construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects in my country, the impact and harm caused by termites nesting in dams have become more and more serious, and have reached a point that cannot be ignored.

[0003] Termites can cultivate fungi, but not all termites can cultivate fungi. Some lower termites have a large number of microorganisms in their bodies that can help lower termites decompose lignin to obtain nutrients, but in the process of system development, due to the lack of flagellate symbiosis in the intestines of higher termites, higher termites lost the ability to decompose lignin and cellulose in their bodies. Therefore, these higher termites have evolved the ability to cultivate fungi, allowing fungi to decompose lignin and cellulose in vitro, and are called fungi-cultivating termites.

[0004] The ability of fungus-growing termites to thoroughly consume lignocellulose is largely due to their special symbiotic relationship with basidiomycetes (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae, Termitomyces). In addition to the symbiotic relationship between them and a large number of microorganisms in their intestines like other termite populations, fungus-growing termites do not directly feed on the collected materials. Instead, they use these materials to cultivate fungi, establish fungus gardens, and cultivate symbiotic fungi. These fungi form an obligate symbiotic relationship with termites. Termites can directly feed on hyphae and fungus balls as a source of nutritious food. At the same time, fungi can also decompose lignin and cellulose by secreting laccase and cellulase to produce glucose and short-chain fatty acids, providing termites with absorbable nutrients (such as glucose and amino acids). In addition, termites maintain the dominant position of Alternaria albuminosa and inhibit the growth of Xylaria officinalis by secreting pheromones and selectively cultivating, and regulate the microenvironment of the fungus garden (such as pH value and humidity) to maintain the stability of the termite nest and protect the symbiotic system. The dynamic balance between the two reveals the complexity and ecological value of the termite-fungus symbiotic system, which is a typical mutually beneficial symbiotic system in nature.

[0005] The most harmful termites in water conservancy projects are soil-dwelling fungus-cultivating termites, such as black-winged soil termites, yellow-winged macrotermites, Yunnan macrotermites, and earth-ridge macrotermites. They build nests inside the dam. As the nest expands, the volume of the main nest and the secondary nest of adult ants can reach 20 cubic meters, and the diameter of the main nest can reach more than 350mm. A complex network of ant tunnels is formed around the nest cavity, which destroys the compactness of the soil structure, directly weakens the structural stability of the dam, causes local collapse, and leads to a decrease in anti-seepage capacity. At the same time, ant tunnels such as the main and secondary nests of the ant nest, the flight channels of the ant nest, and the feeding channels form "underground tunnels" in the dam. The small ones are 2-3cm or can only accommodate 2-3 termites. The large ones are 10-11cm at the bottom and 6-7cm high. When the ant tunnels run through the water-facing and water-repelling surfaces of the dam, leakage channels will be formed, which are prone to cause pipe bursts, pits and other dangerous situations under high water levels during the flood season. The ant tunnels will bring penetration risks and seriously endanger the safety of the dam.

[0006] The control of termites in traditional drug control methods relies on the use of pesticides. The drugs directly act on the termites themselves, and kill them by acting on their nervous system, or respiratory system, or regulating their growth and development, or by microorganisms reproducing in the termites. For example, document CN116649376B discloses termite control drugs suitable for earthen dams of water conservancy projects, and their preparation methods and applications, using drugs mainly composed of wolfsbane and pokeweed for termite control; another document CN118901698A discloses a method for controlling termites in reservoir dams, mainly using fipronil or imidacloprid to prepare drugs for control. Since most pesticides are toxic, they may cause harm to non-target organisms other than termites, and their application in places such as dams that are close to water sources will undoubtedly cause damage to the environment and biodiversity.

[0007] In view of this, the inventors have solved the problem of preventing and controlling fungus-cultivating termites in dam termites from another technical path: fungicides are another type of pesticides, and their targets are fungi rather than insects. If fungicides that are friendly to the environment, non-target organisms, and water sources are selected, and given the mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between fungus-cultivating termites and fungi, using fungicides to target and even kill fungi will undoubtedly also cause a devastating blow to termites. In the worst case, termites will go out to look for food due to a shortage of food sources, making them easier to find and kill; in the worst case, termites will directly die of starvation. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling fungus-cultivating termites in water conservancy projects. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling fungus-cultured termites in water conservancy project dams. The control method provided by the present invention is friendly to the environment, water sources, and non-target organisms, meets environmental protection requirements, and has good application prospects.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling fungus-cultured termites in a water conservancy project dam, comprising the following steps:

[0011] 1) Prepare bactericide solution;

[0012] 2) soaking the wood cellulose material in the bactericide solution;

[0013] 3) after the wood cellulose material is soaked, taking it out and drying it in the shade to obtain a bait;

[0014] 4) placing the bait, and allowing termites to contact and eat the bait and bring the bait back to the ant nest.

[0015] Preferably, the fungicide solution is carbendazim 50% wettable powder, 500-800 times aqueous solution. In the present invention, the carbendazim is a commercially available product, and the dosage form is preferably wettable powder or suspension, more preferably 50% wettable powder or 50% suspension.

[0016] More preferably, the fungicide solution further comprises one or more of ethionine, propiconazole, kasugamycin, polyoxin, jinggangmycin, sclerotium cleaning, tebuconazole, and quinoline copper;

[0017] The 30% emulsifiable concentrate of ethionine is diluted 600-800 times, the 40% microemulsion of propiconazole is diluted 400-500 times, the 2% wettable powder of kasugamycin is diluted 400-600 times, the 10% wettable powder of polyoxin is diluted 800-1000 times, the 8% aqueous solution of validamycin is diluted 500-800 times, the 40% wettable powder of sclerotium is diluted 400-600 times, the 12.5% ​​microemulsion of tebuconazole is diluted 600-800 times, and the 33.5% suspension of quinoline copper is diluted 800-1200 times. In the present invention, the above-mentioned ethionyl, propiconazole, kasugamycin, polyoxin, jinggangmycin, sclerotinol, tebuconazole, and quinoline copper are all commercially available products, and their dosage forms are also commonly used in this field; in the present invention, the dilution refers to the weight ratio of the fungicide preparation weight to the weight of water, regardless of whether the dosage form is powder, aqueous solution or emulsion. Other products with active ingredient content or concentration can be converted to the concentration applied for in this case. In other words, the components in the fungicide of the present invention can be replaced with other dosage forms of the modified components, and only the effective concentration needs to be replaced in equal proportion. In addition, products with different ingredient contents have their own precautions, which should be used and avoided in strict accordance with the label requirements.

[0018] In the present invention, the fungicide inhibits the electron transfer of the respiratory chain complex III of the fungus mitochondria, blocks the generation of ATP, thereby destroying the symbiotic fungi (such as Alpinia oleracea) in the termite fungus garden, thereby indirectly affecting the survival of termites; at the same time, by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) to block the fungal energy metabolism, interfere with the lignin degradation ability of the fungus garden fungi, and indirectly weaken the termite nest function; in addition, by inhibiting the synthesis of fungal ergosterol, destroying the cell membrane structure and function, the ergosterol synthesis pathway of the symbiotic fungi of termites may be disturbed by DMI fungicides, resulting in stagnation or death of hyphae growth. The symbiotic relationship between termites and fungi is highly dependent on environmental conditions. The fungicide destroys the microecological balance of the fungus garden. Therefore, if the white coccus is contaminated and cannot grow normally, it will affect the food supply of termites. If it is reduced, it will prompt termites to go out for food, and it is easy to find the traces of termite feeding activities in time, hinder the development process of termite populations, and reduce the degree of harm of termites to water conservancy project dams. At the same time, if the symbiotic fungi are gone and the food source of termites is cut off, the termites will be killed.

[0019] Preferably, the lignocellulosic material is bark.

[0020] More preferably, the bark is one or more of camphor bark, pine bark or eucalyptus bark.

[0021] Preferably, the bark is dry bark with a rough surface and many holes or cracks. In the present invention, bark is a popular termite diet, especially dry bark with a rough surface and many holes or cracks, which is easier to attract termites to come for food, so that the fungicide is more effectively brought into the ant nest through the termites' feeding, thereby improving the termite killing effect.

[0022] Preferably, the soaking time in step 2) is 48-72 hours. In the present invention, the soaking process is preferably carried out indoors away from water.

[0023] Preferably, in step 4), the bait is placed in a device that isolates soil and water; after the bait is placed, the bait is regularly monitored and replenished. In the present invention, the device is preferably a termite trapping device, and more preferably a termite trapping device with anti-leaching and anti-water accumulation functions. After termites contact or eat the bait, the fungicide spreads in the nest, affecting the reproduction and survival of symbiotic ant nest fungi such as agaric in the nest.

[0024] In the present invention, when the number of termites in the ant source area around the dam is large, it is preferred to use monitoring trapping devices to carry out trapping treatment around the tree. If it happens to be the peak time for termites to go out and feed in spring, summer and autumn, the tree surface can be impregnated; the equipment is preferably an adjustable speed sprayer, a directional anti-drift nozzle, a wind shield, a retractable spray rod, etc. The impregnation construction is carried out by professionals, and the construction operators need to be trained and assessed before taking up their posts to ensure that the operation is proficient, no droplet drift occurs, and no soil environment is polluted. The operation and control treatment is carried out by a professional termite control service agency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Take camphor bark as an example;

[0026] Figure 2 For pine bark example;

[0027] Figure 3 Example of Eucalyptus macrophylla bark.

[0028] The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A method for preventing and controlling fungus-cultured termites in a water conservancy project dam comprises:

[0031] 1) preparing a fungicide solution; the fungicide solution comprises one or more of 600 times of carbendazim 50% wettable powder, 700 times of ethoxyconazole 30% emulsifiable concentrate, 450 times of propiconazole 40% microemulsion, 500 times of kasugamycin 2% wettable powder, 900 times of polyoxin 10% wettable powder, 600 times of jinggangmycin 8% aqueous solution, 40% wettable powder of sclerotium net, 700 times of tebuconazole 25% emulsifiable concentrate, and 800-1200 times of quinoline copper 33.5% suspension;

[0032] 2) soaking the camphor bark in the fungicide solution in step 1) for 48 hours;

[0033] 3) After the camphor bark is soaked, take it out and dry it in the shade to obtain a bait;

[0034] 4) The bait is placed in the monitoring and killing device, and the termites contact and eat the bait and bring the bait back to the ant nest.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] A method for preventing and controlling fungus-cultured termites in a water conservancy project dam comprises:

[0037] 1) preparing a fungicide solution; the fungicide solution comprises one or more of 500 times of carbendazim 50% wettable powder, 600 times of ethoxyconazole 30% emulsifiable concentrate, 500 times of propiconazole 40% microemulsion, 400 times of kasugamycin 2% wettable powder, 800 times of polyoxin 10% wettable powder, 500 times of jinggangmycin 8% aqueous solution, 600 times of sclerotium net 40% wettable powder, 600 times of tebuconazole 25% wettable powder, and 800-1200 times of quinoline copper 33.5% suspension;

[0038] 2) soaking the pine bark in the fungicide solution in step 1) for 60 hours;

[0039] 3) After the pine bark is soaked, take it out and dry it in the shade to obtain the bait;

[0040] 4) The bait is placed in the monitoring and killing device, and the termites contact and eat the bait and bring the bait back to the ant nest.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] A method for preventing and controlling fungus-cultured termites in a water conservancy project dam comprises:

[0043] 1) preparing a fungicide solution; the fungicide solution comprises one or more of 50% suspension of carbendazim 800 times, 30% emulsifiable concentrate of ethionine 800 times, 400 times of microemulsion of propiconazole 40%, 600 times of 2% wettable powder of kasugamycin, 1000 times of 10% wettable powder of polyoxin, 800 times of 8% aqueous solution of jinggangmycin, 400 times of 40% wettable powder of sclerotium, 800 times of 25% emulsifiable concentrate of tebuconazole, and 800-1200 times of 33.5% suspension of quinoline copper;

[0044] 2) soaking the Eucalyptus globulus bark in the fungicide solution in step 1) for 72 hours;

[0045] 3) After the Eucalyptus globulus bark is soaked, take it out and dry it in the shade to obtain the bait;

[0046] 4) The bait is placed in the monitoring and killing device, and the termites contact and eat the bait and bring the bait back to the ant nest.

[0047] Example 4

[0048] The ability of fungus-cultivating termites to completely consume lignocellulose is largely due to their special symbiotic relationship with basidiomycetes (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae, Termitomyces). This example targets anthill fungus and Termitomyces, respectively, to study the inhibitory effect of the fungicide solution in this application on the fungus garden. To simplify the experimental operation, the applicant will culture the above-mentioned anthill fungus and Termitomyces in the culture medium in the laboratory, and then observe its inhibitory effect on fungi by the filter paper method.

[0049] 1. Fungal Culture

[0050] 1). Mother culture: Use 200g peeled potatoes, 20g glucose, 20g agar, 1000ml termite nest juice, and adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 3.8-4.0 with HCl before sterilization. Inoculate the mycelium blocks of mature ant nest fungi (3 groups) and Alternaria albuminosa (3 groups) under sterile conditions, and culture at a suitable temperature and away from light until the mycelium fills the test tube.

[0051] 2) Stock culture: The formula includes 78% broadleaf sawdust, 20% bran, 1% sucrose, and 1% gypsum. Add the decoction of termite nests, and adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 3.8-4.0 with HCl before sterilization. Inoculate 2 square centimeters of ant nest fungus (3 groups) and Alternaria albuminosa (3 groups) mother culture mycelium blocks under sterile conditions and culture at a suitable temperature.

[0052] 3). Cultivation of cultivars: Formula: 80% sawdust, 18% bran, 1% sugar, 1% gypsum, add decoction from termite nest, adjust pH value of culture medium to 3.8-4.0 with HCl before sterilization. Each group is cultured at constant temperature (20℃) and constant humidity (85%) for 50 days.

[0053] 2. Filter paper method for fungicide test

[0054] Adding fungicide: Soak a sterile filter paper (about 6mm in diameter) in the fungicide solution. Use sterile tweezers to place the filter paper on the surface of the culture medium inoculated with the bacterial solution. Multiple filter paper pieces can be placed in each culture dish to test different concentrations of fungicides. Invert the inoculated culture dish and place it in a constant temperature incubator for incubation. Incubate at 25-28℃ for 3-5 days.

[0055] Observation and measurement: After the culture is completed, observe the formation of the antibacterial zone in the culture dish. Use a vernier caliper to measure the diameter of the antibacterial zone (including the diameter of the filter paper or hole). Record the size of the antibacterial zone to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the bactericide.

[0056] Data Analysis:

[0057] 1. Diameter of the inhibition zone: The larger the diameter of the inhibition zone, the stronger the antibacterial effect of the fungicide.

[0058] 2. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): The minimum inhibitory concentration of the fungicide is determined by serial dilution method.

[0059] 3. Statistical analysis: Conduct statistical analysis on the experimental data to compare the antibacterial effects of different fungicides or different concentrations.

[0060] The anthill fungus (3 groups) were recorded as A1, A2, and A3, the Altissima (3 groups) were recorded as B1, B2, and B3, and the negative control (no fungicide) CK (3 groups) were set up, which were recorded as C1, C2, and C3. A1 and B1 were applied with the fungicide solution in Example 1; A2 and B2 were applied with the fungicide solution in Example 2; A3 and B3 were applied with the fungicide solution in Example 3. The amount of fungicide applied to each group was 5 g.

[0061] 3. Inhibitory effect

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] It can be seen from the data in the table that the fungicide solution in the present application can effectively inhibit the fungi that are symbiotic with termites, thereby effectively killing termites.

[0065] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling bacterial termites in water conservancy project dams, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Prepare bactericide solution; 2) soaking the wood cellulose material in the bactericide solution; 3) after the wood cellulose material is soaked, taking it out and drying it in the shade to obtain a bait; 4) placing the bait, and allowing termites to contact and eat the bait and bring the bait back to the ant nest.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bactericide solution is a 500-800 times aqueous solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder.

3. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fungicide solution also includes one or more of 30% emulsifiable concentrate of ethionyl, 40% microemulsion of propiconazole, 2% wettable powder of kasugamycin, 10% wettable powder of polyoxin, 8% aqueous solution of jinggangmycin, 40% wettable powder of sclerotium, 12.5% ​​microemulsion of tebuconazole, and 33.5% suspension of quinoline copper; The 30% emulsifiable concentrate of ethionine is diluted 600-800 times, the 40% microemulsion of propiconazole is diluted 400-500 times, the 2% wettable powder of kasugamycin is diluted 400-600 times, the 10% wettable powder of polyoxin is diluted 800-1000 times, the 8% aqueous solution of validamycin is diluted 500-800 times, the 40% wettable powder of sclerotium is diluted 400-600 times, the 12.5% ​​microemulsion of tebuconazole is diluted 600-800 times, and the 33.5% suspension of quinoline copper is diluted 800-1200 times.

4. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fungicide solution is a solution of the carbendazim 50% wettable powder diluted to 500-800 times, the ethoxycaprolactone 30% emulsifiable concentrate diluted to 600-800 times, the propiconazole 40% microemulsion diluted to 400-500 times, the kasugamycin 2% wettable powder diluted to 400-600 times, the polyoxin 10% wettable powder diluted to 800-1000 times, the validamycin 8% aqueous solution diluted to 500-800 times, the mycosclerotium net 40% wettable powder diluted to 400-600 times, the tebuconazole 12.5% ​​microemulsion diluted to 600-800 times, and the quinoline copper 33.5% suspension diluted to 800-1200 times.

5. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lignocellulosic material is tree bark.

6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bark is one or more of camphor bark, pine bark or eucalyptus bark.

7. The control method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The bark is dry bark with a rough surface and many holes or cracks.

8. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soaking time in step 2) is 48-72 hours.

9. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4), the bait is placed in a device that isolates soil and water; after the bait is placed, the bait is regularly monitored and replenished.

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