Electric spindle of machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool motorized spindles, in particular to a machine tool motorized spindle which comprises a mounting mechanism, the mounting mechanism comprises a shell, one end of the shell is detachably connected with a sealing cover, the other end of the shell is detachably connected with a protective cover, a motor is arranged in the shell, and the output end of the motor is fixedly connected with the spindle. A heat dissipation mechanism is arranged in the shell, the heat dissipation mechanism comprises an air inlet hole formed in the shell, heat dissipation holes are formed in the protective cover, and a heat dissipation fan is fixedly connected to the end, close to the protective cover, of the main shaft. Through the arrangement of the shell, the motor can be directly connected with the main shaft, a zero transmission structure is formed, an intermediate transmission link is eliminated, the transmission efficiency is improved, the energy loss is reduced, the structure is simplified, the maintenance cost is reduced, vibration and noise are reduced, and the operation stability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool electric spindles, and in particular to a machine tool electric spindle. Background Art

[0002] As one of the core components of machine tools, the motor spindle of machine tools undertakes the important task of installing workpieces or tools and realizing their rotational motion. It not only determines the speed, accuracy and efficiency of the processing process, but also directly affects the quality of the final product. With the development of industrial technology, the motor spindle of machine tools has evolved from traditional mechanical drive to modern electric spindle, and its performance has been continuously improved.

[0003] The motor spindle of a machine tool is mainly composed of a mechanical part and a drive part. The mechanical part includes the spindle body and its bearings, which are directly related to the rigidity and stability of the spindle; the drive part is responsible for providing power to the spindle. Traditional drive methods include belt drive and gear drive, but in recent years, due to the advancement of electric spindle technology with built-in motors, more and more machine tools have adopted this more advanced drive method.

[0004] The electric spindle is a design that integrates the motor inside the spindle. It can achieve higher speed, more precise speed control and faster response speed. Compared with the traditional drive method, the electric spindle reduces the energy loss and vibration problems caused by mechanical transmission and improves the overall performance of the machine tool. In addition, the electric spindle also has the advantages of compact structure and easy maintenance, so it is widely used in CNC machine tools.

[0005] The electric spindle is prone to overheating during daily use. When the temperature is too high, it needs to be stopped to dissipate heat, which affects the working efficiency of the machine tool.

[0006] Therefore, a machine tool electric spindle is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problem, that is, to solve the problem that the electric spindle of a machine tool is prone to overheating during use and needs to be stopped for heat dissipation, the present invention provides an electric spindle for a machine tool.

[0008] A machine tool electric spindle comprises a mounting mechanism, wherein the mounting mechanism comprises a shell, one end of the shell is detachably connected to a closing cover, the other end of the shell is detachably connected to a protective cover, a motor is arranged in the shell, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the spindle, a heat dissipation mechanism is arranged in the shell, the heat dissipation mechanism comprises an air inlet hole provided on the shell, the protective cover is provided with heat dissipation holes, and one end of the spindle close to the protective cover is fixedly connected to a heat dissipation fan.

[0009] Specifically, when using the machine tool, the motor is started, and the output end of the motor drives the main shaft to rotate, and the main shaft drives the working parts on the machine tool to rotate to process the parts; during the rotation of the main shaft, the cooling fan is driven to rotate, and the cooling fan drives the gas flow in the shell, so that the external gas enters the shell through the air inlet hole, and then the air is driven by the cooling fan and discharged from the heat dissipation hole, thereby taking the heat out of the shell.

[0010] Through the setting of the shell, the motor and the spindle can be directly connected to form a zero transmission structure, eliminating the intermediate transmission link, improving the transmission efficiency and reducing energy loss, simplifying the structure, reducing maintenance costs, reducing vibration and noise, and improving the stability of operation; through the setting of the heat dissipation mechanism, the cooling fan can be driven to rotate during the rotation of the spindle, thereby driving the air flow in the shell, bringing out the heat, and dissipating the heat to the motor and the spindle, effectively controlling the temperature of the spindle, avoiding the influence of thermal deformation on the processing accuracy, extending the service life of the motor, supporting long-term continuous operation, and improving production efficiency.

[0011] Preferably, a bearing is provided in the shell, the bearing is a ceramic ball bearing, the bearing is located at one end of the shell close to the protective cover, the bearing is sleeved on the main shaft, the bearing is arranged on the bearing seat, and the bearing seat is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell.

[0012] Specifically, during use, when the main shaft rotates, the main shaft drives the bearing to rotate.

[0013] The arrangement of the bearing can support the tail end of the main shaft, and the arrangement of the ceramic ball bearing improves the wear resistance and high temperature resistance of the bearing, reduces friction and suppresses the temperature rise during the rotation of the main shaft.

[0014] Preferably, twelve through grooves are evenly arranged on the bearing seat along the circumferential direction.

[0015] Specifically, when in use, when the heat dissipation fan rotates, gas flows in the shell through the through slots, which facilitates heat dissipation.

[0016] Preferably, the heat dissipation mechanism also includes a liquid cooling component arranged in the shell, the liquid cooling component includes a circulation groove opened in the main shaft, a liquid cooling box is rotatably sleeved on the main shaft, the liquid cooling box is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell, six connecting grooves are evenly opened on the inner wall of the circulation groove along the circumferential direction, the connecting groove is connected to the liquid cooling box, the liquid cooling box is connected to a liquid inlet pipe, the liquid inlet pipe passes through the shell, the liquid cooling box is connected to a liquid outlet pipe, the liquid outlet pipe passes through the shell, the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are connected to the coolant circulation device.

[0017] Specifically, when in use, the coolant circulation device supplies coolant to the liquid cooling box through the liquid inlet pipe, the coolant enters the circulation groove through the connecting groove, the coolant flows in the circulation groove, dissipates heat to the main shaft and the motor, and then the coolant enters the liquid outlet pipe through the liquid cooling box, and then flows back into the coolant circulation device.

[0018] Through the setting of the liquid cooling component, when the spindle rotates at high speed, the coolant can be delivered to the spindle through the liquid inlet pipe, so that the coolant flows in the circulation groove, and the heat generated during the rotation of the spindle and the heat generated during the operation of the motor are taken out. The spindle and the motor are cooled by the cooling fan, so that the heat dissipation effect is better.

[0019] Furthermore, the coolant circulation device is a prior art and will not be described in detail.

[0020] Preferably, a switching mechanism is provided in the shell, and the switching mechanism includes a separating ring slidably connected to the inner wall of the shell, the separating ring is located on the side of the air inlet close to the closing cover, six switching holes are evenly opened in the circumferential direction on the side of the liquid cooling box close to the protective cover, and a closing ring is provided on the side of the liquid cooling box close to the protective cover, the closing ring closes the switching hole, and a connecting rod is fixedly connected between the closing ring and the separating ring.

[0021] Specifically, in the initial state, the closing ring closes the switching hole, and the separating ring is located on the side of the air inlet hole close to the closing cover; when the main shaft needs to rotate at high speed, the connecting rod is slid to move the connecting rod toward the direction close to the protective cover, and the connecting rod drives the separating ring to move, and the separating ring closes the air inlet hole. At the same time, the connecting rod drives the closing ring to move, and the closing ring closes the switching hole. Then, the closing ring closes the through groove, and at the same time, the coolant in the liquid cooling box flows into the shell through the switching hole, directly contacts the main shaft and the motor, and dissipates heat for the main shaft and the motor.

[0022] By setting the switching mechanism, when the main shaft rotates at high speed, the air inlet hole and the through groove can be closed by moving the connecting rod, and the switching hole can be opened by the closed ring, so that the coolant in the liquid cooling box can enter the shell, directly dissipate the heat of the main shaft and the motor, and further improve the heat dissipation effect; the switching mechanism is used in conjunction with the heat dissipation mechanism, so that the main shaft can dissipate heat during low-speed and high-speed rotation, and when rotating at low speed, the cooling fan is driven by the main shaft to dissipate heat, which saves energy consumption and ensures the heat dissipation effect.

[0023] Preferably, the switching mechanism also includes a moving part, which includes a sliding groove opened on the shell, a sliding rod is slidably connected in the sliding groove, the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the connecting rod, an electric push rod is fixedly arranged on the shell, and the output end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the sliding rod.

[0024] Specifically, when in use, when the connecting rod needs to move, the electric push rod is started, and the output end of the electric push rod drives the sliding rod to move, the sliding rod slides in the sliding groove, and the sliding rod drives the connecting rod to move.

[0025] By setting the moving parts, the connecting rod can be automatically driven to move, thereby facilitating the switching between liquid cooling and air cooling, making the operation more convenient.

[0026] Furthermore, the electric push rod is a prior art and will not be described in detail.

[0027] Furthermore, the motor is fixedly connected to the closing cover via a fixing ring, the main shaft passes through the closing cover, a ceramic ball bearing is arranged on the inner ring surface of the closing cover, and the ceramic ball bearing is sleeved on the main shaft.

[0028] Furthermore, twenty heat dissipation holes are evenly arranged on the protection cover along the circumferential direction, and the heat dissipation holes are in the shape of long strips.

[0029] Furthermore, the protective cover is detachably connected to the housing via bolts.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Through the setting of the shell, the motor and the spindle can be directly connected to form a zero transmission structure, eliminating the intermediate transmission link, improving the transmission efficiency and reducing energy loss, simplifying the structure, reducing maintenance costs, reducing vibration and noise, and improving the stability of operation; through the setting of the heat dissipation mechanism, the cooling fan can be driven to rotate during the rotation of the spindle, thereby driving the air flow in the shell, bringing out the heat, and dissipating the heat to the motor and the spindle, effectively controlling the temperature of the spindle, avoiding the influence of thermal deformation on the processing accuracy, extending the service life of the motor, supporting long-term continuous operation, and improving production efficiency.

[0031] 2. Through the setting of the liquid cooling part, when the spindle rotates at high speed, the coolant can be delivered to the spindle through the liquid inlet pipe, so that the coolant flows in the circulation groove, and the heat generated during the rotation of the spindle and the heat generated during the operation of the motor are taken out. The heat dissipation of the spindle and the motor is carried out in conjunction with the cooling fan, so that the heat dissipation effect is better.

[0032] 3. Through the setting of the switching mechanism, when the main shaft rotates at high speed, the air inlet hole and the through groove can be closed by moving the connecting rod, and the switching hole can be opened through the closed ring, so that the coolant in the liquid cooling box can enter the shell, directly dissipate the heat of the main shaft and the motor, and further improve the heat dissipation effect; the switching mechanism is used in conjunction with the heat dissipation mechanism, so that the main shaft can dissipate heat during low-speed and high-speed rotation, and when rotating at low speed, the cooling fan is driven by the main shaft to dissipate heat, which saves energy consumption and ensures the heat dissipation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 The internal structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Figure 3 The internal structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ; Figure 4 It is a front view of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Isometric section view at AA; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 Isometric section view at the middle BB; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of point C in the middle; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of point D in the middle; Fig. 9 For the present invention Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of point E in the middle.

[0034] In the figure: 1. Mounting mechanism; 11. Housing; 12. Closing cover; 13. Protective cover; 14. Motor; 15. Spindle; 16. Bearing; 17. Bearing seat; 18. Through slot; 2. heat dissipation mechanism; 21. air inlet; 22. heat dissipation hole; 23. heat dissipation fan; 24. liquid cooling element; 241. circulation slot; 242. liquid cooling box; 243. connecting slot; 244. liquid inlet pipe; 245. liquid outlet pipe; 3. Switching mechanism; 31. Separating ring; 32. Switching hole; 33. Closing ring; 34. Connecting rod; 35. Moving part; 351. Sliding groove; 352. Sliding rod; 353. Electric push rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an electric spindle for a machine tool, comprising a mounting mechanism 1, wherein the mounting mechanism 1 comprises a shell 11, one end of the shell 11 is detachably connected to a closing cover 12, the other end of the shell 11 is detachably connected to a protective cover 13, a motor 14 is arranged in the shell 11, an output end of the motor 14 is fixedly connected to a spindle 15, a heat dissipation mechanism 2 is arranged in the shell 11, the heat dissipation mechanism 2 comprises an air inlet hole 21 opened on the shell 11, a heat dissipation hole 22 is opened on the protective cover 13, and a heat dissipation fan 23 is fixedly connected to one end of the spindle 15 close to the protective cover 13.

[0037] Specifically, when the machine tool is used, the motor 14 is started, and the output end of the motor 14 drives the main shaft 15 to rotate, and the main shaft 15 drives the working parts on the machine tool to rotate to process the parts; during the rotation of the main shaft 15, the cooling fan 23 is driven to rotate, and the cooling fan 23 drives the gas flow in the shell 11, so that the external air enters the shell 11 through the air inlet 21, and then the air is driven by the cooling fan 23 and discharged from the heat dissipation hole 22, thereby taking out the heat in the shell 11.

[0038] Through the setting of the shell 11, the motor 14 can be directly connected to the main shaft 15, forming a zero transmission structure, eliminating the intermediate transmission link, improving the transmission efficiency and reducing energy loss, simplifying the structure, reducing maintenance costs, reducing vibration and noise, and improving the stability of operation; through the setting of the heat dissipation mechanism 2, the heat dissipation fan 23 can be driven to rotate during the rotation of the main shaft 15, thereby driving the air flow in the shell 11, bringing out the heat, and dissipating the heat to the motor 14 and the main shaft 15, effectively controlling the temperature of the main shaft, avoiding the influence of thermal deformation on the processing accuracy, extending the service life of the motor, supporting long-term continuous operation, and improving production efficiency.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, a bearing 16 is provided in the housing 11, and the bearing 16 is a ceramic ball bearing. The bearing 16 is located at one end of the housing 11 close to the protective cover 13, and the bearing 16 is sleeved on the main shaft 15. The bearing 16 is provided on the bearing seat 17, and the bearing seat 17 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 11.

[0040] Specifically, during use, when the main shaft 15 rotates, the main shaft 15 drives the bearing 16 to rotate.

[0041] The arrangement of the bearing 16 can support the rear end of the main shaft 15 , and the arrangement of the ceramic ball bearing improves the wear resistance and high temperature resistance of the bearing, reduces friction, and suppresses the temperature rise during the rotation of the main shaft 15 .

[0042] like Figure 5 As shown, twelve through grooves 18 are evenly formed on the bearing seat 17 along the circumferential direction.

[0043] Specifically, when in use, when the heat dissipation fan 23 rotates, the gas flows in the housing 11 through the through slots 18, thereby facilitating heat dissipation.

[0044] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown, the heat dissipation mechanism 2 also includes a liquid cooling component 24 arranged in the shell 11, and the liquid cooling component 24 includes a circulation groove 241 opened in the main shaft 15. A liquid cooling box 242 is rotatably sleeved on the main shaft 15, and the liquid cooling box 242 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell 11. Six connecting grooves 243 are evenly opened on the inner wall of the circulation groove 241 along the circumferential direction. The connecting grooves 243 are connected to the liquid cooling box 242. The liquid cooling box 242 is connected to a liquid inlet pipe 244, and the liquid inlet pipe 244 passes through the shell 11. The liquid cooling box 242 is connected to a liquid outlet pipe 245, and the liquid outlet pipe 245 passes through the shell 11. The liquid inlet pipe 244 and the liquid outlet pipe 245 are connected to a cooling liquid circulation device.

[0045] Specifically, when in use, the coolant circulation device supplies coolant to the liquid cooling box 242 through the liquid inlet pipe 244, and the coolant enters the circulation groove 241 through the connecting groove 243. The coolant flows in the circulation groove 241 to dissipate heat for the main shaft 15 and the motor 14. Then, the coolant enters the liquid outlet pipe 245 through the liquid cooling box 242, and then flows back into the coolant circulation device.

[0046] By setting the liquid cooling part 24, when the spindle 15 rotates at high speed, the coolant can be delivered to the spindle 15 through the liquid inlet pipe 244, so that the coolant flows in the circulation groove 241, and the heat generated during the rotation of the spindle 15 and the heat generated during the operation of the motor 14 are taken out, and the spindle 15 and the motor 14 are cooled by the cooling fan 23, so that the heat dissipation effect is better.

[0047] Furthermore, the coolant circulation device is a prior art and will not be described in detail.

[0048] like Figure 6-Figure 9As shown, a switching mechanism 3 is provided in the shell 11, and the switching mechanism 3 includes a separating ring 31 slidably connected to the inner wall of the shell 11, and the separating ring 31 is located on the side of the air inlet 21 close to the closing cover 12, and six switching holes 32 are evenly opened in the circumferential direction on the side of the liquid cooling box 242 close to the protective cover 13, and a closing ring 33 is provided on the side of the liquid cooling box 242 close to the protective cover 13, and the closing ring 33 closes the switching hole 32, and a connecting rod 34 is fixedly connected between the closing ring 33 and the separating ring 31.

[0049] Specifically, in the initial state, the closing ring 33 closes the switching hole 32, and the separating ring 31 is located on the side of the air inlet 21 close to the closing cover 12; when the main shaft 15 needs to rotate at high speed, the connecting rod 34 is slid to make the connecting rod 34 move toward the direction close to the protective cover 13, and the connecting rod 34 drives the separating ring 31 to move, and the separating ring 31 closes the air inlet 21, and at the same time, the connecting rod 34 drives the closing ring 33 to move, and the closing ring 33 closes the switching hole 32, and then the closing ring 33 closes the through groove 18, and at the same time, the coolant in the liquid cooling box 242 flows into the shell 11 through the switching hole 32, and directly contacts the main shaft 15 and the motor 14, so as to dissipate heat for the main shaft 15 and the motor 14.

[0050] By setting the switching mechanism 3, when the main shaft 15 rotates at high speed, the air inlet 21 and the through groove 18 can be closed by moving the connecting rod 34, and the switching hole 32 can be opened by the closing ring 33, so that the coolant in the liquid cooling box 242 can enter the shell 11, directly dissipate the heat of the main shaft 15 and the motor 14, and further improve the heat dissipation effect; the switching mechanism 3 is used in conjunction with the heat dissipation mechanism 2, so that the main shaft 15 can dissipate heat during both low-speed and high-speed rotation, and when rotating at low speed, the cooling fan 23 is driven by the main shaft 15 to dissipate heat, saving energy consumption and ensuring the heat dissipation effect.

[0051] like Figure 5 , Figure 8 As shown, the switching mechanism 3 also includes a moving part 35, and the moving part 35 includes a sliding groove 351 opened on the shell 11, and a sliding rod 352 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 351, and the sliding rod 352 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 34. An electric push rod 353 is fixedly arranged on the shell 11, and the output end of the electric push rod 353 is fixedly connected to the sliding rod 352.

[0052] Specifically, when in use, when the connecting rod 34 needs to move, the electric push rod 353 is started, and the output end of the electric push rod 353 drives the sliding rod 352 to move, and the sliding rod 352 slides in the sliding groove 351, and the sliding rod 352 drives the connecting rod 34 to move.

[0053] By setting the moving member 35, the connecting rod 34 can be automatically driven to move, thereby facilitating the switching between liquid cooling and air cooling, making the operation more convenient.

[0054] Furthermore, the electric push rod 353 is a prior art and will not be described in detail.

[0055] Furthermore, the motor 14 is fixedly connected to the closing cover 12 via a fixing ring, the main shaft 15 passes through the closing cover 12 , and a ceramic ball bearing is provided on the inner ring surface of the closing cover 12 , and the ceramic ball bearing is sleeved on the main shaft 15 .

[0056] Furthermore, twenty heat dissipation holes 22 are evenly arranged on the protection cover 13 along the circumferential direction, and the heat dissipation holes 22 are in the shape of long strips.

[0057] Furthermore, the protection cover 13 is detachably connected to the housing 11 via bolts.

[0058] Furthermore, during the manufacturing process of the device, the dimensional tolerance and form and position tolerance of the parts are strictly controlled. Dynamic balancing test is carried out. High-resolution encoders or grating rulers are equipped to monitor the spindle position and speed in real time. High-performance servo motors are used to improve the dynamic response speed. The control system algorithm is optimized to shorten the acceleration and deceleration time. The spindle rigidity is enhanced to reduce the vibration in the dynamic response.

[0059] Through the above settings, the transmission efficiency is improved and the energy loss is reduced. The structure is simplified and the maintenance cost is reduced. The vibration and noise are reduced and the running stability is improved. A higher speed is achieved. The bearing life is significantly extended and the equipment reliability is improved. The processing error caused by bearing wear is reduced and the processing accuracy is improved. The spindle temperature is effectively controlled to avoid the influence of thermal deformation on the processing accuracy. The service life of the motor and bearings is extended. Support long-term continuous operation and improve production efficiency. The vibration during high-speed rotation is significantly reduced and the running stability is improved. The processing error caused by vibration is reduced and the processing accuracy is improved. The service life of the spindle system is extended. Accurate speed and position control is achieved to meet complex processing requirements. The processing accuracy is improved and the scrap rate is reduced. Support automated production and remote diagnosis to improve production efficiency. Achieve fast acceleration and deceleration, improve tool change and cutting efficiency. Support high-speed processing and multi-task switching, and improve the comprehensive performance of the machine tool.

[0060] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0061] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0062] The term "comprise" or any other similar term is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus / device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, article, or apparatus / device.

[0063] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machine tool electric spindle, characterized in that: The invention comprises a mounting mechanism (1), wherein the mounting mechanism (1) comprises a shell (11), one end of the shell (11) is detachably connected to a closing cover (12), the other end of the shell (11) is detachably connected to a protective cover (13), a motor (14) is arranged in the shell (11), the output end of the motor (14) is fixedly connected to a main shaft (15), a heat dissipation mechanism (2) is arranged in the shell (11), the heat dissipation mechanism (2) comprises an air inlet hole (21) provided on the shell (11), a heat dissipation hole (22) is provided on the protective cover (13), and a heat dissipation fan (23) is fixedly connected to one end of the main shaft (15) close to the protective cover (13).

2. The electric spindle for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bearing (16) is arranged in the housing (11), the bearing (16) being a ceramic ball bearing, the bearing (16) being located at one end of the housing (11) close to the protective cover (13), the bearing (16) being sleeved on the main shaft (15), the bearing (16) being arranged on the bearing seat (17), and the bearing seat (17) being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing (11).

3. The electric spindle for machine tools according to claim 2, characterized in that: Twelve through grooves (18) are evenly arranged on the bearing seat (17) along the circumferential direction.

4. The electric spindle for machine tools according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat dissipation mechanism (2) further comprises a liquid cooling element (24) arranged in the shell (11), the liquid cooling element (24) comprising a circulation groove (241) provided in the main shaft (15), a liquid cooling box (242) being rotatably sleeved on the main shaft (15), the liquid cooling box (242) being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell (11), six connecting grooves (243) being evenly provided on the inner wall of the circulation groove (241) along a circumferential direction, the connecting grooves (243) being connected to the liquid cooling box (242), a liquid inlet pipe (244) being provided in communication with the liquid cooling box (242), the liquid inlet pipe (244) penetrating the shell (11), a liquid outlet pipe (245) being provided in communication with the liquid cooling box (242), the liquid outlet pipe (245) penetrating the shell (11), the liquid inlet pipe (244) and the liquid outlet pipe (245) being connected to the cooling liquid circulation device.

5. The electric spindle for machine tools according to claim 4, characterized in that: A switching mechanism (3) is provided in the shell (11), and the switching mechanism (3) comprises a separation ring (31) slidably connected to the inner wall of the shell (11), the separation ring (31) being located on a side of the air inlet (21) close to the closing cover (12), six switching holes (32) being evenly opened along a circumferential direction on a side of the liquid cooling box (242) close to the protective cover (13), a closing ring (33) being provided on a side of the liquid cooling box (242) close to the protective cover (13), the closing ring (33) closing the switching holes (32), and a connecting rod (34) being fixedly connected between the closing ring (33) and the separation ring (31).

6. The electric spindle for machine tools according to claim 5, characterized in that: The switching mechanism (3) further comprises a moving member (35), the moving member (35) comprising a sliding groove (351) provided on the housing (11), a sliding rod (352) being slidably connected in the sliding groove (351), the sliding rod (352) being fixedly connected to the connecting rod (34), an electric push rod (353) being fixedly provided on the housing (11), the output end of the electric push rod (353) being fixedly connected to the sliding rod (352).

7. The electric spindle for machine tools according to claim 6, characterized in that: The motor (14) is fixedly connected to the closing cover (12) via a fixing ring, the main shaft (15) passes through the closing cover (12), a ceramic ball bearing is provided on the inner ring surface of the closing cover (12), and the ceramic ball bearing is sleeved on the main shaft (15).

8. The electric spindle for machine tools according to claim 7, characterized in that: Twenty heat dissipation holes (22) are evenly arranged on the protective cover (13) along the circumferential direction, and the heat dissipation holes (22) are in the shape of long strips.

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