Grinding and polishing tool applied to curved surface machining and preparation method of grinding and polishing tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a grinding and polishing tool applied to curved surface machining and a preparation method of the grinding and polishing tool. The grinding and polishing tool comprises a grinding and polishing layer, a base body layer and a rigid layer. The grinding and polishing layer is a uniform mixture of hydrophilic resin and grinding materials, protrusions are evenly distributed, the center axes of the protrusions are perpendicular to the lower end face of the tool, and the spherical surface where the tops of the protrusions are located and the spherical surface where the bottoms are located are the same in radius and collinear in sphere center. The matrix layer is made of hydrophilic resin the same as that of the grinding and polishing layer; the rigid layer 3 is one of an organic glass plate, a polyvinyl chloride plate and a polycarbonate plate. A convex tool is adopted for concave surface machining, and a concave tool is adopted for convex surface machining. The grinding and polishing tool is integrally formed, bonding is reduced, functional structure integration of the tool is achieved, and the machining precision is improved; the hydrophilic resin has the swelling characteristic when encountering water, full flexibility of the tool is achieved, and the tool can be attached to the surface of a workpiece easily and has the self-finishing function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a precision and ultra-precision machining technology, in particular to a grinding and polishing tool and a preparation method thereof, specifically to a grinding and polishing tool used for curved surface machining and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of science and technology, the demand for high-performance components is constantly increasing, and curved surface components are increasingly widely used in aerospace, national defense, energy engineering, medical testing and other fields. High-performance curved surface components are mostly made of high-strength, high-hardness difficult-to-process materials, and require high processing accuracy and surface quality. Grinding and polishing are the main means of final processing of curved surface parts. Commonly used grinding and polishing tools are mainly prepared by bonding pellets of specific specifications to a special base. The pellet quality and installation accuracy are required to be high, which limits the ultra-precision processing of curved surface parts to a certain extent.

[0003] Chinese patent CN106736875B discloses a processing method for a sapphire fairing, which uses sapphire as a grinding base material and compressed cloth as a polishing base material, respectively, to overcome the problems of scratches and local surface deterioration on the surface of the workpiece during processing, and improves the processing quality and efficiency. Chinese patent CN113618543B discloses an optical lens convex surface polishing device, which is composed of a driving component, a supporting component, a polishing member and an adjusting component. The polishing component can be adjusted by adjusting the shape of the adjusting component to achieve full polishing or partial polishing on the convex surface of the lens. Chinese patent CN116765987A discloses a convex surface polishing device and a processing method for a special-shaped multi-curvature glass, which can be detachably connected to the cruise ship base so that the profiling fixture can be tilted to different angles to meet the needs of polishing the glass from multiple directions by the polishing sponge. Chinese patent CN111923306B discloses a method for making an optical fairing polishing mold, and the asphalt polishing material made by the method has the characteristics of high strength, high hardness, strong heat resistance and high friction coefficient, which can shorten the processing cycle and reduce the processing cost. Chinese patent CN218226060U discloses a rubber grinding head for polishing the plane, side and concave surface of optical fiber image transmission elements. The shape of the polishing contact area corresponds to the shape of the polishing piece. It has a simple structure and is easy to install. The above-mentioned curved surface processing is mainly achieved by pasting a grinding and blasting sheet on the base to prepare a grinding and blasting tool, or designing a special grinding and blasting equipment. The base is generally a rigid body. The semi-hard contact makes the contact stress distribution uneven and the vibration difficult to effectively buffer. In addition, it lacks adaptability to the workpiece surface during the micro-grinding process, resulting in poor workpiece surface quality and unable to meet the processing requirements of high efficiency, high flexibility and low cost at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a grinding and polishing tool for curved surface processing and a preparation method thereof. The grinding and polishing tool is integrally formed and bonding is reduced to achieve functional and structural integration of the tool and improve processing accuracy. The hydrophilic resin has the property of swelling when it comes into contact with water, thereby achieving full flexibility of the tool, making it easy for the tool to fit the surface of the workpiece and having a self-repairing function.

[0005] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is: A grinding and polishing tool for curved surface processing, comprising a grinding and polishing layer 1, a base layer 2, and a rigid layer 3; the grinding and polishing layer 1 is a uniform mixture of a hydrophilic resin and an abrasive; the base layer 2 is the same hydrophilic resin as the grinding and polishing layer; the rigid layer 3 is one of an organic glass plate, a polyvinyl chloride plate, and a polycarbonate plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the polishing layer uses a convex tool for concave surface processing and a concave tool for convex surface processing.

[0007] Furthermore, the area of ​​a single protrusion is 12-320 mm 2 .

[0008] Furthermore, the gap between adjacent protrusions projected on the lower end surface of the tool along the radial direction is 1-5 mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the protrusion shape is a combination of one or more of a triangle, a square, a pentagon, a hexagon, and a circle.

[0010] The second technical solution of the present invention is: A method for preparing a grinding and polishing tool for curved surface machining, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Design and process a mold with groove arrangement; Step 2: Prepare the grinding and polishing layer raw materials that meet the grinding and polishing processing requirements; Step 3: Clean the mold, spray the release agent and pour the polishing layer material into the mold groove and compact it, then pour the base layer hydrophilic resin to fill the entire mold, and place the prepared rigid layer on it; Step 4: Apply heat and pressure to solidify the mixture on the rigid layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the mold grooves correspond one to one with the protrusions of the polishing layer.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The polishing layer of the conventional polishing tool is prepared by bonding pellets of specific specifications one by one to a special abrasive tool base, which has a complex preparation process, is difficult to trim, and requires high precision. The polishing layer of the present invention is prepared by a pattern transfer method, which is easy to prepare and has high precision.

[0013] The base layer of the polishing tool of the present invention adopts a hydrophilic resin, which swells when exposed to water and undergoes a certain deformation when subjected to polishing pressure, so that the protrusions can easily fit the surface of the workpiece and have a self-repairing function; during grinding and polishing, the material removal ability of the polishing tool can be improved and stably maintained, thereby improving the surface quality.

[0014] The central axis of the pellets in the polishing layer of the traditional polishing tool is perpendicular to the spherical surface of the base, while the central axis of the protrusions in the polishing layer of the present invention is perpendicular to the lower end surface of the tool, the protrusions are easier to demold, and the polishing tool is formed as a whole to improve processing accuracy and efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the polishing tool in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the grinding and polishing tool in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the preparation and polishing tool rigid layer after placement in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the convex mold in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the polishing tool in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the grinding and polishing tool in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the preparation and polishing tool rigid layer after placement in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the concave mold in Example 2 of the present application; The specific markings in the figure are as follows: 1-polishing layer; 2-base layer; 3-rigid layer; 4-protrusion; 5-mold. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a grinding and polishing tool for curved surface processing, which is composed of a grinding and polishing layer 1, a base layer 2, and a rigid layer 3. In this embodiment, the grinding and polishing layer 1 is a uniform mixture of a hydrophilic resin composed of polyurethane and polyethylene glycol and diamond abrasives; the base layer 2 is the same hydrophilic resin as the grinding and polishing layer, and the grinding and polishing layer and the base layer are interface-bonded by a hot pressing molding process; the rigid layer 3 is a kind of organic glass plate, polyvinyl chloride plate, or polycarbonate plate.

[0017] The polishing layer has evenly distributed protrusions, the central axis of the protrusions is perpendicular to the lower end surface of the tool, the spherical surface where the top of the protrusion is located has the same radius as the spherical surface where the bottom is located, the sphere centers are collinear, and the spacing is 0.5-3 mm.

[0018] The single protrusion area of ​​the polishing layer is 12-320 mm 2 The gap between adjacent protrusions in the projection of the lower end surface of the tool along the radial direction is 1-5mm.

[0019] The protrusion shape is a combination of one or more of a triangle, a square, a pentagon, a hexagon, and a circle.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the protrusion of the polishing tool is circular. When the circular protrusion rotates, each area is evenly stressed, the wear is consistent, and the service life is long. The base layer and the polishing layer base are both made of hydrophilic resin. Compared with the rigid base, the elastic base layer can be deformed appropriately, so that the tool fits better with the workpiece surface and improves the contact performance; the elastic base layer can slow down the vibration generated during the processing and improve the processing stability. During the polishing process, the protrusion is elastically deformed under force, which increases the contact area between the protrusion and the workpiece, thereby increasing the number of abrasive particles involved in effective processing, reducing the load borne by a single abrasive particle, and improving the tool abrasive particle edge height, which helps to improve the processing accuracy and surface quality; the weak bonding area of ​​the surface of the polishing layer base that swells in water is destroyed under the interaction with the workpiece and the process of abrasive particle shedding, thereby exposing a new surface layer and new sharp abrasive particles, realizing the self-dressing function of the polishing tool. The base layer and the polishing layer base are made of the same hydrophilic resin to enhance chemical compatibility and improve interface bonding strength.

[0021] Embodiment 1:

[0022] In this embodiment, the polishing layer is recessed into the base layer. Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, a concave grinding and polishing tool is made according to the parameters of the convex workpiece. The tool ball crown height is 5 mm, the lower end diameter is 48 mm, the protrusion is round, and the area of ​​a single protrusion is 12.6mm 2 The distance between the center of the sphere where the top of the protrusion is located and the center of the sphere where the bottom is located is 1 mm, and the gap between adjacent protrusions in the projection of the lower end face of the tool along the radial direction is 1.4 mm. Diamond with a particle size of 10-20 µm and other raw materials of the polishing layer are mixed evenly in proportion and poured into the cleaned and sprayed mold groove with a release agent for compaction, and then the hydrophilic resin of the base layer is poured to fill the entire mold, and a 1 mm thick rigid layer is covered on the top of the base layer. After heating and pressurizing to solidify, a concave polishing tool with integrated functional structure can be obtained.

[0023] Embodiment 2:

[0024] In another implementation of the present application, the base layer protrudes toward the polishing layer, such as Figures 5 to 8 As shown in the figure, a convex grinding and polishing tool is made according to the concave workpiece parameters. The tool ball crown height is 8 mm, the lower end diameter is 54 mm, the protrusion is round, and the area of ​​a single protrusion is 12.6 mm2 The distance between the center of the sphere where the top of the protrusion is located and the center of the sphere where the bottom is located is 1 mm, and the gap between adjacent protrusions in the projection of the lower end face of the tool along the radial direction is 2 mm. Diamond with a particle size of 10-20 µm and other raw materials of the polishing layer are mixed evenly in proportion and poured into the cleaned and sprayed mold groove with a release agent for compaction, and then the hydrophilic resin of the base layer is poured to fill the entire mold, and a 1 mm thick rigid layer is covered on the top of the base layer. After heating and pressurizing to solidify, a convex polishing tool with integrated functional structure can be obtained.

[0025] Embodiment 3:

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a grinding and polishing tool for curved surface machining, comprising the following steps: Step 1: If Figure 4 As shown, a convex mold with groove arrangement is designed and processed; Step 2: Prepare the grinding and polishing layer raw materials that meet the grinding and polishing processing requirements; Step 3: Clean the mold, spray the release agent and pour the polishing layer material into the mold groove and compact it, then pour the base layer hydrophilic resin to fill the entire mold, and place the prepared rigid layer on it; Step 4: Apply heat and pressure to solidify the mixture on the rigid layer.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the polishing layer is transferred to the base layer according to the convex mold groove pattern by using a graphic transfer method, so that the convex mold grooves correspond to the protrusions of the polishing layer one by one.

[0028] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications and substitutions may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grinding and polishing tool for curved surface machining, characterized in that: The tool comprises a grinding and polishing layer (1), a base layer (2), and a rigid layer (3); the grinding and polishing layer (1) is located on the surface of the base layer (2), the grinding and polishing layer (1) is a curved surface, and the grinding and polishing layer (1) is a uniform mixture of a hydrophilic resin and an abrasive; the base layer (2) is the same hydrophilic resin as the grinding and polishing layer; the rigid layer (3) is one of an organic glass plate, a polyvinyl chloride plate, and a polycarbonate plate; The polishing layer has evenly distributed protrusions, the central axis of the protrusions is perpendicular to the lower end surface of the tool, the spherical surface where the top of the protrusion is located has the same radius as the spherical surface where the bottom is located, the sphere centers are collinear, and the spacing is 0.5-3 mm.

2. The grinding and polishing tool for curved surface machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use convex tools for concave machining and concave tools for convex machining.

3. The grinding and polishing tool for curved surface machining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The area of ​​a single protrusion is 12-320 mm 2 .

4. The grinding and polishing tool for curved surface machining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gap between adjacent protrusions projected on the lower end surface of the tool along the radial direction is 1-5 mm.

5. The grinding and polishing tool for curved surface machining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protrusion shape is a combination of one or more of a triangle, a square, a pentagon, a hexagon, and a circle.

6. A method for preparing a grinding and polishing tool for curved surface machining as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Design and process a mold with groove arrangement; Step 2: Prepare the grinding and polishing layer raw materials that meet the grinding and polishing processing requirements; Step 3: Clean the mold, spray the release agent and pour the polishing layer material into the mold groove and compact it, then pour the base layer hydrophilic resin to fill the entire mold, and place the prepared rigid layer on it; Step 4: Apply heat and pressure to solidify the mixture on the rigid layer.

7. The method for preparing a grinding and polishing tool for curved surface machining according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mold grooves correspond to the protrusions of the polishing layer one by one.

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