Growth-promoting stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer for improving yield and quality of protected tomatoes and preparation method of growth-promoting stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a growth-promoting stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of protected tomatoes and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizers. The water-soluble fertilizer disclosed by the invention is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 20 to 30 parts of soluble humate, 35 to 40 parts of urea, 3 to 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 48 to 55 parts of potassium sulfate, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.8 to 2.2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.8 to 2.2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.1 to 0.2 part of boric acid, 0.5 to 0.7 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.2 to 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.4 to 0.6 part of ferrous sulfate, 13 to 18 parts of EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) and 5 to 8 parts of polyaspartic acid. The water-soluble fertilizer not only can meet the requirements of tomatoes for macroelements and medium trace elements in the growth period, but also can improve the ground temperature, and when the water-soluble fertilizer is matched with the prepared chitosan cross-linked humic acid for use, the yield and quality of the tomatoes in northern winter greenhouses can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizers, and in particular to a growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Facility cultivation technology is a modern agricultural planting method that uses greenhouses, plastic greenhouses or other facilities to regulate crop production by changing or controlling environmental factors for crop growth and development (such as light, temperature, water, carbon dioxide, etc.). The main purpose of this technology is to provide people with fresh, high-quality, off-season, out-of-season, and pollution-free products. It also has the advantages of high yield, high quality, and high off-season supply and high price.

[0003] Water Soluble Fertilizer (WSF) is a new type of environmentally friendly fertilizer with relatively comprehensive nutrients. It usually refers to single-element water-soluble fertilizers, compound water-soluble fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers specified by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and organic water-soluble fertilizers that can be completely dissolved in water, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, trace elements, amino acids, humic acid, alginate, etc.

[0004] Water-soluble fertilizers can be divided into nutrient-type water-soluble fertilizers and functional water-soluble fertilizers according to their functions. Nutritional water-soluble fertilizers mainly supplement the nutrients needed for crop growth, including macro-element water-soluble fertilizers, medium-element water-soluble fertilizers, trace-element water-soluble fertilizers, etc.; functional water-soluble fertilizers will add functional active substances from plant sources, animal sources, mineral sources, etc., including organic water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid, amino acids, alginate, etc., which can improve the soil, stimulate crop growth, and improve crop quality.

[0005] Tomato is a thermophilic vegetable. Under normal conditions, the optimum temperature for assimilation is 20-25°C, and the optimum soil temperature for root growth is 20-22°C. Although facility cultivation technology provides certain conditions for tomato cultivation, the cold climate in the north still severely restricts off-season facility tomato production. Among them, reproductive disorders such as slow plant growth, difficulty in fruit growth, and poor fruit quality caused by low temperature environment have become important limiting factors for facility tomato production, seriously affecting the yield formation of facility tomatoes and reducing economic benefits. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to develop a water-soluble fertilizer that can promote tomato growth and fruiting under cold conditions. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problem of low yield and poor quality of greenhouse tomatoes in winter and spring.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The invention provides a growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes. The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20 to 30 parts of soluble humate, 35 to 40 parts of urea, 3 to 6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 48 to 55 parts of potassium sulfate, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.8 to 2.2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.8 to 2.2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.1 to 0.2 parts of boric acid, 0.5 to 0.7 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.2 to 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.4 to 0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 13 to 18 parts of EDTA and 5 to 8 parts of polyaspartic acid; the soluble humate comprises sodium humate and / or potassium humate.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Mix urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, EDTA and 100 to 120 parts of water, stir to dissolve, and obtain feed solution 1;

[0011] S2. Mixing liquid 1 with polyaspartic acid and soluble humate, stirring at 55-65°C and 600-800rpm for 20-30min to obtain liquid 2;

[0012] S3. Homogenize the feed solution 2 at 55-65°C and 220-240 MPa for 30-50 min, concentrate and crystallize, and spray dry to obtain.

[0013] The water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention can meet the demand of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements for tomatoes during the fruit-setting period in winter and spring, and the soluble humate in the water-soluble fertilizer has the effects of improving soil, increasing ground temperature, promoting the development of root system, etc. On the one hand, polyaspartic acid can improve the stress resistance of tomatoes, and on the other hand, it can cooperate with soluble humic acid to increase ground temperature.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for preparing chitosan cross-linked humic acid, comprising the following steps: dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution, adding glutaraldehyde and humic acid, stirring at 60-70°C and 4000-5000 rpm for 2.5-3.5 hours to obtain a mixture, dropping the mixture into a NaOH solution, standing and then centrifuging to obtain a precipitate.

[0015] Preferably, the volume fraction of the acetic acid solution is 4-6%, and the mass volume ratio of the chitosan to the acetic acid solution is 1 g:10-15 mL.

[0016] Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the chitosan to glutaraldehyde is 1 g: 0.3-0.35 mL, and the mass volume ratio of the chitosan to humic acid is 1:2-3.

[0017] Preferably, the concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.15-0.25 mol / L.

[0018] The glutaraldehyde is a cross-linking agent. The chitosan cross-linked humic acid prepared by the present invention has a loose and porous structure, swells after absorbing water, and can use the absorbed water to retain part of the heat energy generated by daytime sunlight to regulate nighttime temperature, which helps to reduce the day and night temperature difference of the soil and improve the stability of ground temperature.

[0019] The invention also provides chitosan cross-linked humic acid prepared by the preparation method.

[0020] The present invention also provides a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes in winter and spring, comprising the following steps:

[0021] (1) Before planting tomatoes, apply 800-1000 kg of organic fertilizer and 20-30 kg of chitosan cross-linked humic acid per mu;

[0022] (2) After tomato seedlings have grown, apply 7-8 kg of urea per mu;

[0023] (3) During the fruit-setting period of tomatoes, the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer is dissolved in water for drip irrigation.

[0024] Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer to water is 1kg:100-120L.

[0025] Preferably, the dosage of the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer is 50 to 60 kg.

[0026] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of soluble humate, 35-40 parts of urea, 3-6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 48-55 parts of potassium sulfate, 1.5-2.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.8-2.2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.8-2.2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.1-0.2 parts of boric acid, 0.5-0.7 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.2-0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.4-0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 13-18 parts of EDTA and 5-8 parts of polyaspartic acid. The water-soluble fertilizer can not only meet the demand of tomatoes for macroelements and trace elements during the growth period, but also improve the ground temperature. When used in combination with the chitosan cross-linked humic acid prepared by the present invention, the yield and quality of tomatoes in greenhouses in northern winter can be improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] Preparation of growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer: 35 kg of urea, 3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 48 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate, 1.8 kg of magnesium sulfate, 1.8 kg of calcium chloride, 0.1 kg of boric acid, 0.5 kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.2 kg of zinc sulfate, 0.4 kg of ferrous sulfate, and 13 kg of EDTA were mixed with 100 L of water, stirred to dissolve, and obtained feed solution 1;

[0030] Mix the feed solution 1 with 5 kg of polyaspartic acid and 20 kg of sodium humate, and stir at 55° C. and 600 rpm for 30 min to obtain the feed solution 2;

[0031] The feed solution 2 was homogenized at 55°C and 220MPa for 50min, concentrated and crystallized, and spray-dried to obtain the product.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] Preparation of growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer: 38 parts of urea, 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 52 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.15 parts of boric acid, 0.6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.25 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 15 parts of EDTA are mixed with 110 parts of water, stirred to dissolve, and a feed solution 1 is obtained;

[0034] The feed solution 1 was mixed with 6 kg of polyaspartic acid and 25 kg of sodium humate, and stirred at 60° C. and 700 rpm for 25 min to obtain the feed solution 2;

[0035] The feed solution 2 was homogenized at 60°C and 230 MPa for 40 min, concentrated and crystallized, and spray-dried to obtain the product.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] Preparation of growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer: 40 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 55 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2.2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.2 parts of boric acid, 0.7 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 18 parts of EDTA are mixed with 120 parts of water, stirred to dissolve, and a feed solution 1 is obtained;

[0038] The feed solution 1 was mixed with 8 kg of polyaspartic acid and 30 kg of sodium humate, and stirred at 65° C. and 800 rpm for 20 min to obtain the feed solution 2;

[0039] The feed solution 2 was homogenized at 65°C and 240 MPa for 30 min, concentrated and crystallized, and spray-dried to obtain the product.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] Preparation of chitosan cross-linked humic acid: Dissolve 1 kg of chitosan in 12 L of 5% acetic acid solution, add 0.5 L of glutaraldehyde and 2 kg of humic acid powder, stir at 5000 rpm for 3 h to obtain a paste, add the paste dropwise into a 0.2 mol / L NaOH solution on a magnetic stirrer through a peristaltic pump, the magnetic stirring speed is 800 rpm, let stand for 24 h, centrifuge at 4000 rpm, take the precipitate, and wash 2 to 3 times.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] Water-soluble fertilizers do not contain polyaspartic acid.

[0044] Comparative Example 2

[0045] Fermented straw powder was used to replace chitosan to prepare cellulose cross-linked humic acid.

[0046] Experimental Example 1

[0047] The experiment was conducted on December 15, 2023 in a field in Guanlu Village, Shouguang City, Shandong Province. The tomato variety was "Qidali". Each treatment group had a separate greenhouse, and the specifications of each greenhouse were 667m 2 , the row spacing of tomatoes in each greenhouse was 50cm, the plant spacing was 30cm, and the experiment was divided into 5 groups:

[0048] Treatment group 1: before planting tomatoes, 1000 kg of organic fertilizer and 25 kg of chitosan cross-linked humic acid prepared in Example 4 were applied per mu, and the tillage was 15 cm; after the tomatoes were planted and the seedlings were hardened, 8 kg of urea was applied per mu; during the fruit setting period of tomatoes, 60 kg of the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was dissolved in 120 L of water for drip irrigation.

[0049] Treatment Group 2: Before planting tomatoes, 1000 kg of organic fertilizer and 25 kg of chitosan cross-linked humic acid prepared in Example 4 were applied per mu, and the tillage was 15 cm; after the tomatoes were planted and the seedlings were hardened, 8 kg of urea was applied per mu; during the fruiting period of tomatoes, 60 kg of the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 2 was dissolved in 120 L of water for drip irrigation.

[0050] Treatment group 3: Before planting tomatoes, 1000 kg of organic fertilizer and 25 kg of chitosan cross-linked humic acid prepared in Example 4 were applied per mu, and the tillage was 15 cm; after the tomatoes were planted and the seedlings were hardened, 8 kg of urea was applied per mu; during the fruit setting period of tomatoes, 60 kg of the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 2 was dissolved in 120 L of water for drip irrigation.

[0051] Treatment 4: Before planting tomatoes, 1000 kg of organic fertilizer and 25 kg of chitosan cross-linked humic acid prepared in Example 4 were applied per mu, and the tillage was 15 cm; after the tomatoes were planted and the seedlings were grown, 8 kg of urea was applied per mu; during the fruiting period of tomatoes, 60 kg of the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Comparative Example 1 was dissolved in 120 L of water for drip irrigation.

[0052] Treatment 5: Before planting tomatoes, 1000 kg of organic fertilizer and 25 kg of chitosan cross-linked humic acid prepared in Example 4 were applied per mu, and the soil was tilled to 15 cm; after the tomatoes were planted and the seedlings were hardened, 8 kg of urea was applied per mu; during the fruiting period of tomatoes, 60 kg of commercially available "Stanley" fruit-making water-soluble fertilizer was diluted with 120 L of water and drip irrigation was performed.

[0053] Treatment Group 6: Before planting tomatoes, 1000 kg of organic fertilizer and 25 kg of chitosan cross-linked humic acid prepared in Comparative Example 2 were applied per mu, and the tillage was 15 cm; after the tomatoes were planted and the seedlings were grown, 8 kg of urea was applied per mu; during the fruiting period of tomatoes, the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was diluted with 120 L of water and drip irrigation was performed.

[0054] Treatment group 7: before planting tomatoes, apply 1000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu and till the soil to 15 cm; after planting and acclimatization of tomatoes, apply 8 kg of urea per mu; during the fruiting period of tomatoes, drip irrigation is performed using 60 kg of the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 1 dissolved in 120 L of water.

[0055] Treatment Group 8: Before planting tomatoes, apply 1000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu and till the soil to 15 cm; after planting and acclimatization of tomatoes, apply 8 kg of urea per mu; during the fruiting period of tomatoes, drip irrigation is performed using 60 kg of the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Comparative Example 1 dissolved in 120 L of water.

[0056] Treatment 9: Before planting tomatoes, apply 1000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu and till the soil to 15 cm; after the tomatoes have grown to maturity, apply 8 kg of urea per mu; during the fruiting period of tomatoes, dilute 60 kg of commercially available "Stanley" fruit-enhancing water-soluble fertilizer with 120 L of water and then drip irrigate.

[0057] The organic fertilizer in each treatment group was "Zhuangfangyuan" organic fertilizer, N+P2O5+K2O≥4%, organic matter≥30%.

[0058] The temperature at 10 cm of the soil in each treatment group was measured with a thermometer at 10 a.m. on December 20 (with base fertilizer applied but no water-soluble fertilizer) and January 30 (after water-soluble fertilizer was applied), and the yield per mu and the proportion of first-grade fruit in each treatment group were counted during the tomato harvest period. The results are shown in Table 1. First-grade fruit refers to tomato fruit with pink color and no cracks or obvious blemishes on the surface.

[0059] Table 1 Ground temperature and tomato harvest in each treatment group

[0060] Treatment Group Ground temperature on December 20 (℃) Ground temperature on January 30 (℃) Output (kg) First-grade fruit proportion (%) Process 1 20.9 21.5 6347.3 86.0 Process 2 21.7 22.1 6415.6 83.4 Process 3 21.3 22.3 6386.2 85.7 Process 4 21.5 18.5 5835.7 60.3 Process 5 21.4 17.5 5765.1 52.1 Process 6 20.3 18.3 5723.2 48.62 Process 7 19.1 17.4 5405.8 43.9 Process 8 19.4 16.1 5241.6 38.6 Process 9 19.3 15.4 5150.5 35.2

[0061] As can be seen from Table 1, the ground temperature on December 20 in treatments 1 to 5 was higher than that in treatments 7 to 9, indicating that the chitosan cross-linked humic acid of the present invention can increase the ground temperature; the ground temperature on December 20 in treatments 1 to 5 was higher than that in treatment 6, indicating that the thermal insulation performance of the chitosan cross-linked humic acid prepared in the present application is higher than that of the cellulose cross-linked humic acid prepared in Comparative Example 2.

[0062] It can be seen from the ground temperature on December 20 in treatments 7 and 9 that the water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention has the effect of increasing ground temperature. It can be seen from the ground temperature on January 30 in treatments 7 and 8 that the effect of the water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention on increasing ground temperature is better than that of comparative example 1, indicating that the addition of polyaspartic acid to water-soluble fertilizer can increase the warming effect of soluble humic acid on the land. The yield and proportion of first-grade fruit of tomato in treatments 1 to 5 are better than those of treatments 7 to 9. This is because chitosan cross-linked humic acid was not applied after the tomato seedlings were slowed down in treatments 7 to 9, and the ground temperature was low, which affected the development of tomato seedlings, resulting in a low yield and proportion of first-grade fruit.

[0063] Since chitosan cross-linked humic acid is insoluble in water, it can be spread as base fertilizer and drip-irrigated with water-soluble fertilizer during the tomato fruiting period to further increase the ground temperature and provide a suitable temperature for tomato growth.

[0064] The contents of soluble solids, vitamin C and organic acids in ripe tomatoes in treatments 1 to 8 were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0065] Table 2 Soluble solids, vitamin C and organic acid contents in tomatoes in each treatment group

[0066]

[0067] As can be seen from Table 2, the vitamin C, organic acid and soluble solids of tomatoes in treatment groups 1 to 3 are higher than those in treatment groups 4 to 9, indicating that applying chitosan cross-linked humic acid as basal fertilizer and applying the water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention during the tomato fruiting period are beneficial to improving the taste and quality of tomatoes.

[0068] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention provides a growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes and a preparation method thereof. The water-soluble fertilizer can increase the ground temperature of northern greenhouses and is used in combination with chitosan cross-linked humic acid, which is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes.

[0069] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of soluble humate, 35-40 parts of urea, 3-6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 48-55 parts of potassium sulfate, 1.5-2.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.8-2.2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.8-2.2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.1-0.2 parts of boric acid, 0.5-0.7 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.2-0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.4-0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 13-18 parts of EDTA and 5-8 parts of polyaspartic acid; the soluble humate comprises sodium humate and / or potassium humate.

2. The method for preparing the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Mix urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, EDTA and 100 to 120 parts of water, stir to dissolve, and obtain feed solution 1; S2. Mixing liquid 1 with polyaspartic acid and soluble humate, stirring at 55-65°C and 600-800rpm for 20-30min to obtain liquid 2; S3. Homogenize the feed solution 2 at 55-65°C and 220-240 MPa for 30-50 min, concentrate and crystallize, and spray dry to obtain.

3. A method for preparing chitosan cross-linked humic acid, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The chitosan is dissolved in an acetic acid solution, glutaraldehyde and humic acid are added, and the mixture is stirred at 60-70°C and 4000-5000 rpm for 2.5-3.5 hours to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is added dropwise to a NaOH solution, allowed to stand and then centrifuged to obtain a precipitate.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The volume fraction of the acetic acid solution is 4-6%, and the mass volume ratio of the chitosan to the acetic acid solution is 1g:10-15mL.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass volume ratio of the chitosan to glutaraldehyde is 1 g: 0.3-0.35 mL, and the mass volume ratio of the chitosan to humic acid is 1:2-3.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.15-0.25 mol / L.

7. Chitosan cross-linked humic acid prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 6.

8. A cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes in winter and spring, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Before planting tomatoes, apply 800-1000 kg of organic fertilizer and 20-30 kg of the chitosan cross-linked humic acid according to claim 7 per mu; (2) After tomato seedlings have grown, apply 7-8 kg of urea per mu; (3) During the fruit-setting period of tomatoes, the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer of claim 1 or 2 is dissolved in water and drip-irrigated.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass volume ratio of the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer to water is 1kg:100-120L.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dosage of the growth-promoting and stress-resistant water-soluble fertilizer is 50 to 60 kg.

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