Ultra-low energy consumption assembly type photovoltaic BIPV parapet wall and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an ultralow-energy-consumption fabricated photovoltaic building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) parapet wall and a construction method thereof, and the construction method comprises the following steps: a reinforced concrete parapet wall is completely coated by heat preservation, so that the heat insulation bridge requirement of the ultralow-energy-consumption building parapet wall is met; the end parts of the photovoltaic modules at the upper part, the inner side and the outer side are all provided with clamping strips and water dripping components, and the clamping strips and the water dripping components are matched with one another to form downward openings, so that an inner cavity between the whole photovoltaic modules and the heat preservation and the atmosphere form an isobaric cavity, and rainwater is prevented from entering the inner cavity from the upper part, the inner side and the outer side through a rain curtain principle. The whole photovoltaic module forms a hot-pressing ventilation structure through the opening, and ventilation and heat dissipation of a back plate of the photovoltaic module are facilitated. According to the invention, the development requirements of ultra-low energy consumption buildings, fabricated buildings, building and thermal insulation integration, BIPV building photovoltaic and other technical fields can be met, the technical requirements of all fields are integrated, and mutual promotion is realized instead of giving consideration to other fields. The functional requirements of energy conservation, carbon reduction, thermal bridge breaking, water resistance, water drainage, safety protection, lightning protection, decoration and the like of the parapet wall are met, and meanwhile photovoltaic utilization of the parapet wall part is maximized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of ultra-low energy consumption buildings, prefabricated buildings, building and insulation integration, and BIPV photovoltaic technology, and specifically, to an ultra-low energy consumption prefabricated photovoltaic BIPV parapet and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, the technical fields of ultra-low energy consumption buildings, prefabricated buildings, integrated construction and thermal insulation, and BIPV building photovoltaics have all developed rapidly. Various technical systems have technical focuses and technical necessities to adapt to the development of contemporary buildings. Ultra-low energy consumption buildings achieve higher energy-saving and emission reduction efficiency, prefabricated buildings achieve building industrialization, integrated construction and thermal insulation achieve synchronous construction of construction and thermal insulation, and BIPV building photovoltaics achieve integrated design, implementation and application of photovoltaic and building materials.

[0003] However, there is a lack of building products that fully integrate with each other in various fields, and often one area is neglected while the other is taken care of. For example, prefabricated components do not fully consider the thermal bridge requirements of ultra-low energy consumption buildings, which affects building energy consumption; building and insulation integrated products do not fully consider the combination with building photovoltaics, and there is no renewable energy output; BIPV building photovoltaics do not fully consider the temperature rise of the photovoltaic module backplane, which reduces the power generation efficiency; BIPV building photovoltaics do not fully consider the combination with building waterproofing, and materials are reused.

[0004] In addition, under the dual carbon background, ultra-low / nearly zero energy consumption buildings and low-carbon / zero-carbon buildings have put forward higher requirements on the total amount of photovoltaic power generation of the building itself. The photovoltaic area that can be laid on the building itself is limited, and the value of maximizing the use of photovoltaics at the parapet position is becoming increasingly prominent. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet in view of the deficiencies of the prior art. It can meet the development needs of ultra-low energy consumption buildings, assembled buildings, building and insulation integration, BIPV building photovoltaic and other technical fields, integrate the technical requirements of various fields, and promote each other instead of neglecting one for the other. It can meet the functional requirements of the parapet such as energy saving and carbon reduction, thermal bridge breaking, waterproofing, drainage, safety protection, lightning protection, decoration, etc., and at the same time maximize the photovoltaic utilization of the parapet.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet includes a reinforced concrete parapet panel as a prefabricated component, which is connected to the lower reinforced concrete anti-ridge beam through sleeve grouting. The outer side of the parapet is insulated, the top is insulated, the upper inner side is insulated, the lower inner side of the parapet is insulated and the flooding is insulated after construction, and the parapet is completely covered, and the adapter of the photovoltaic module fixing bracket is fixed to the wall panel through an insulating pad, so as to meet the structural requirements of the thermal insulation bridge of the ultra-low energy consumption building. The inner and outer sides of the parapet and the top bracket are connected as a whole. The photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module frame, the card strip, and the drip are fixed to the bracket by the card. The upper photovoltaic module forms the top decorative cover plate of the parapet, and the inner and outer photovoltaic modules form the inner and outer decorative panels of the parapet. The photovoltaic modules on the top and the inner and outer sides of the parapet can maximize the photovoltaic BIPV application at the parapet position; the photovoltaic modules on the outer side of the parapet can cover the height of the parapet; the upper part is covered on the inner side, and the lower part is not covered, leaving the flooding construction height;

[0007] Based on the above, the photovoltaic module forms a 5% inward slope at the top and extends to both sides to form a cantilever. The photovoltaic modules, clips, and drips on the top, inside, and outside cooperate with each other to form a bottom opening and a top opening, and the openings are all facing downward. The cavity inside the curtain wall forms an isobaric cavity with the atmosphere, and the gravity principle and the rain curtain principle are used to prevent rainwater from entering the inner cavity between the photovoltaic module and the insulation from the top, inside, and outside. Occasionally, rainwater that enters will not penetrate into the insulation because the parapet insulation has a waterproof structure (as claimed in claim 3), but will be discharged again.

[0008] Based on the above, the parapet insulation has a certain waterproof structure, the waterproof membrane is pasted on the upper part of the parapet top insulation, the outer side of the insulation on both sides has a waterproof function (pressed into the alkali-resistant mesh cloth), the adapter has a water-swelling waterstop strip at the position where it extends out of the insulation layer, and there is sealant on the outside of the extending surface mortar.

[0009] Based on the above, the upper part of the parapet and the three photovoltaic modules on the outer side and the inner side form ventilation openings, and the overall exterior forms a ventilation curtain wall structure, which is conducive to ventilation and heat dissipation of the photovoltaic module back plate. Through the action of thermal pressure, the airflow enters from the bottom opening, continues to rise after being heated, and flows out from the top opening of the photovoltaic module;

[0010] Based on the above, the photovoltaic module frame, card strip and drip are all made of glass fiber polyurethane non-metallic insulating material, so that the lightning strip and down conductor bracket are completely separated from the photovoltaic module by the insulating material, forming a certain lightning protection for the photovoltaic module. The present invention also provides a construction method for an ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet, comprising the following steps:

[0011] The top and inner photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic module frames, lightning rods and brackets, drips, clips and clips can be fully or partially installed on site due to convenient transportation, overall lifting, and the space required for thermal insulation and waterproofing on the lower inner side of the parapet.

[0012] Reinforced concrete parapet, top insulation, inner insulation, outer insulation and plastering mortar and waterproofing membrane, fixed brackets, adapters, insulation pads, sleeve grouting, outer photovoltaic modules, upper and lower fixed clips, clips, can be used as prefabricated integral components, hoisted to the site through the top hoisting embedded parts, connected to the diagonal brace through the inner connecting parts, and fixed to the roof structure board, connected to the lower reinforced concrete anti-slope through sleeve grouting, and then the roof and parapet lower insulation and waterproofing are constructed. Then the roof and the inner lower flashing of the parapet are constructed. Insulation and waterproofing of the flashing are constructed, and finally the insulation and plastering mortar are constructed (pressed into alkali-resistant mesh cloth). On the outside of the parapet, between the lower insulation of the prefabricated component and the upper metal waterproof cover of the top prefabricated sandwich insulation wall panel, foam glue, foam rods and outer sealant are constructed, and finally the lower drip of the outer photovoltaic module is fixed. The top, inner photovoltaic modules, clips and drips can be installed after the above structures are completed.

[0010] Based on the above, prefabricated components adopt the integrated production method of building insulation, and use insulation boards as non-removal formwork. In the upper part of the parapet, the double-sided non-removal formwork insulation fixings control the position of the inner insulation and outer insulation and the thickness of the prefabricated parapet board; in the lower part of the parapet, the outer insulation is used as the non-removal formwork insulation formwork; the steel cage, insulation pad, fixing bracket, steel sleeve, non-removal formwork insulation anchor bolt, etc. are all placed in place, and then the concrete is poured to form an integrated structure.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] 1. It can meet the thermal requirements of ultra-low energy consumption buildings to break thermal bridges and reduce building energy consumption; make full use of the interfaces of the parapet to maximize the power generation of renewable energy and reduce carbon emissions throughout the life cycle; improve the prefabrication rate and assembly rate, and further promote the industrialization of buildings; integrate the comprehensive functional requirements of the parapet such as drainage, waterproofing, and protection, and have the advantages of fast and convenient construction, durability, and beauty.

[0013] 2. When the top exterior wall and insulation are various exterior wall insulation forms, the present invention can be well combined with them, including: precast concrete sandwich insulation exterior wall panel system, precast concrete reverse insulation exterior wall panel system, non-transparent curtain wall insulation system, transparent glass curtain wall insulation system, exterior wall thin plastering system. A metal waterproof cover is set on the top of the lower top exterior insulation, and the outer insulation of the parapet covers the metal waterproof cover downward, and the gap is filled with foam, foam rods and sealant to seal. A 121 drip cover is set on the outside to form a rain curtain cover and ventilation opening, which can not only keep out rain, but also ventilate and dissipate heat for photovoltaic modules.

[0014] 3. Conventional curtain walls are sealed with glue to prevent rainwater from entering, which causes the temperature inside the curtain wall to accumulate and rise. When the temperature is too high, the photovoltaic module will have a hot spot effect, the output power will decrease, and continuous overheating will also affect the life of the module. The ventilation and drainage structure of the present invention not only solves the problem of heating of the photovoltaic module, but also ensures the conventional waterproof and drainage functions of the parapet. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is the overall structural section node diagram of the ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet wall in the present invention and the enlarged diagram of the bottom and top openings;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional node diagram of the prefabricated part of the ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet in the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Reinforced concrete parapet board; 2. Reinforced concrete anti-ridge beam; 3. External insulation; 4. Top insulation; 5. Internal upper insulation; 6. Adapter; 7. Insulation pad; 8. PV brackets inside and outside the parapet and on the top; 9. PV modules; 10. Sleeve grouting; 11. Clips (local metal fixings); 111. Clips (full-length non-metallic glass fiber polyurethane components); 12. Drip (non-metallic glass fiber polyurethane); 121. Drip at the lower part of the external PV module; 13. Waterproof membrane; 14. Surface mortar (pressed into alkali-resistant mesh cloth); 15. Water-expandable waterstop strip; 16. Sealant; 17. Lower inner part of the parapet Insulation at the flooding; 18. Waterproofing at the flooding; 19. Post-insulation; 20. Metal waterproof cover plate on the upper part of the top prefabricated sandwich insulation wall panel; 21. Outer leaf plate of the top prefabricated sandwich insulation wall panel; 22. B1 grade insulation of the top prefabricated sandwich insulation wall panel; 221. A grade insulation of the top prefabricated sandwich insulation wall panel; 23. Inner leaf plate of the top prefabricated sandwich insulation wall panel; 24. Bottom opening; 25. Top opening; 26. Foam glue; 27. Foam rod; 28. Double-sided mold-free insulation fixings; 29. ​​Diagonal brace; 30. Lifting embedded parts; 31. Mold-free insulation anchor bolts; 32. Fiberglass polyurethane frame of photovoltaic modules; 33. Lightning conductor and down conductor bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through specific implementation methods.

[0019] The reinforced concrete parapet wall panel 1 is a prefabricated component, which is connected to the lower reinforced concrete anti-ridge beam 2 through sleeve grouting 10. The outer insulation 3, top insulation 4 and inner upper insulation 5 of the parapet wall, the insulation 17 and the post-filled insulation 19 of the inner lower flashing of the parapet wall constructed on site, completely cover the parapet wall, and the adapter 6 of the photovoltaic module fixing bracket is fixed to the wall panel through the insulation pad 7, so as to meet the structural requirements of the thermal insulation bridge of the ultra-low energy consumption building. The inner and outer sides of the parapet wall and the top bracket 8 are connected as a whole. The photovoltaic module 9 and the clip 111 are fixed to the bracket 8 through the clip 11. The upper photovoltaic module 9 forms the top decorative cover plate of the parapet wall, and the inner and outer photovoltaic modules form the inner and outer decorative panels of the parapet wall. The photovoltaic modules on the top and inner and outer sides of the parapet wall can maximize the photovoltaic BIPV application at the parapet wall position: the photovoltaic module can cover the height of the parapet wall on the outer side of the parapet wall; cover the upper part on the inner side, and do not cover the lower part, leaving the flashing construction height.

[0020] When the top and the inner and outer photovoltaic brackets are connected as one, the bracket structure has the best stability. The direct structural connection with the top of the parapet can be omitted, which is more beneficial to the waterproof durability of the parapet top insulation and convenient construction.

[0021] The photovoltaic module 9 forms a 5% inward slope at the top and extends to both sides to form a cantilever. The photovoltaic modules 9, the clips 111, and the drips 12 on the top, inside, and outside cooperate with each other to form a bottom opening 24 and a top opening 25, both of which face downward. The cavity inside the curtain wall forms an isobaric cavity with the atmosphere, and the principles of gravity and rain curtain are used to prevent rainwater from entering the inner cavity between the photovoltaic module and the insulation from the top, inside, and outside. Occasionally, rainwater that enters will not penetrate into the insulation because the parapet insulation has a waterproof structure (as claimed in claim 3), but will be discharged again.

[0022] The parapet insulation has a certain waterproof structure. A waterproof membrane 13 is pasted on the upper part of the parapet top insulation. The outer side of the insulation on both sides has a waterproof function (pressed into an alkali-resistant mesh cloth). The adapter 6 has a water-swellable waterstop strip 15 at the position where it extends out of the insulation layer, and a sealant 16 is provided on the outer side of the extending surface mortar.

[0023] The upper part of the parapet and the three photovoltaic modules on the outer and inner sides form ventilation openings, and the overall exterior forms a ventilated curtain wall structure, which is beneficial to ventilation and heat dissipation of the back panel of the photovoltaic module. Through the effect of thermal pressure, the air flow enters from the bottom opening 24, continues to rise after being heated, and flows out from the top opening 25 of the photovoltaic module.

[0024] The photovoltaic module frame 32, the card strip 111 and the drip 12 are all made of glass fiber polyurethane non-metallic insulating materials, so that the lightning strip and the down conductor 33 are completely separated from the photovoltaic module 9 by the insulating material, forming a certain lightning protection for the photovoltaic module. The prefabricated components adopt the integrated building insulation production method, and the insulation board is used as the non-removal template. In the upper part of the parapet, the double-sided non-removal insulation fixing parts 28 control the position of the inner insulation 5, the outer insulation 3 and the thickness of the prefabricated parapet board 1; in the lower part of the parapet, the outer insulation 3 is used as the non-removal insulation template; the steel cage, insulation pad 7, fixed bracket 8, steel sleeve 10, non-removal insulation anchor bolt 31, etc. are all put in place, and then the concrete is poured to form an integral whole.

[0025] The reinforced concrete parapet 1, top insulation 4, inner insulation 5, outer insulation 3, finishing mortar 14 and waterproofing membrane 13, fixed bracket 8, adapter 6, thermal insulation pad 7, sleeve grouting 10, outer photovoltaic module 9, upper and lower fixed clips 111, and clips 11 can be used as prefabricated integral components, hoisted to the site through the top hoisting embedded parts 30, connected to the diagonal brace 29 through the inner connecting parts 6, and fixed to the roof structure board, and connected to the lower reinforced concrete anti-slope 2 through the sleeve grouting 10. Then, the roof and the inner lower part of the parapet wall are insulated at the flashing 17 and the flashing waterproof 18 are constructed, and finally the post-filled insulation 19 and the finishing mortar 14 (pressed into the alkali-resistant mesh cloth) at the post-filled insulation are constructed. On the outside of the parapet, between the lower insulation part of the prefabricated component and the upper metal waterproof cover plate 20 of the top prefabricated sandwich insulation wall panel, the foam glue (26) and the foam rod 27 and the outer sealant are constructed, and finally the lower drip 121 of the outer photovoltaic module is fixed. The top, inner photovoltaic module 9 and the clamp 11 and drip 12 can be installed after the above structure is completed.

[0026] The top and inner photovoltaic components 9, photovoltaic component frames 32, lightning rods and brackets 33, drippers 12, clamping strips 111, and clamps 11 can be fully or partially installed on site for reasons such as convenient transportation, overall hoisting, and space required for thermal insulation and waterproofing of the lower inner side of the parapet.

[0027] When multiple prefabricated reinforced concrete wall panels of the assembled parapet of the present invention are spliced ​​together, they can be connected by post-cast structural columns. The fixed brackets and insulation boards on the outside of the prefabricated parapet of the present invention can be used as on-site non-dismantling formwork for the post-cast part of the parapet. It is also possible not to set post-cast structural columns, but to directly connect them with tongue-and-groove structures, and use special cement mortar to fill and seal the seams. The height of the lower reinforced concrete anti-ridge beam is ≤300, and the assembled parapet of the present invention can calculate the prefabrication rate.

[0028] When multiple photovoltaic modules of the assembled parapet of the present invention are spliced ​​together, the top and the side are sealed with glue for waterproofing. Figure 1, always keep ventilation openings at the bottom and top.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the technical solution for protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet and its construction method, characterized in that: The invention comprises a reinforced concrete parapet wall panel (1) as a prefabricated component, which is connected to a lower reinforced concrete anti-ridge beam (2) through sleeve grouting (10). The outer side of the parapet wall is insulated (3), the top side is insulated (4), and the upper inner side is insulated (5), and the lower inner side of the parapet wall is insulated at the flashing point (17) and the supplementary insulation (19) is constructed on site, so as to completely cover the parapet wall, and the adapter (6) of the photovoltaic module fixing bracket is fixed to the wall panel through the insulation pad (7), so as to meet the structural requirements of the thermal insulation bridge of the ultra-low energy consumption building. The inner and outer sides of the parapet wall and the top bracket (8) are connected as a whole. The photovoltaic module (9) and the clamping strip (111) are fixed to the bracket (8) through the clamping member (11). The upper photovoltaic module (9) forms the top decorative cover plate of the parapet wall, and the inner and outer photovoltaic modules form the inner and outer decorative panels of the parapet wall. The photovoltaic modules on the top, inside and outside of the parapet can maximize the photovoltaic BIPV application at the parapet location. The photovoltaic modules on the outside of the parapet can cover the height of the parapet; on the inside, the upper part is covered, and the lower part is not covered, leaving a flooding construction height.

2. The ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The photovoltaic module (9) forms a 5% inward slope at the top and extends to both sides to form a cantilever. The photovoltaic modules (9), the clips (111) and the drippers (12) at the top, inside and outside cooperate with each other to form a bottom opening (24) and a top opening (25), and the openings are all facing downward. The cavity inside the curtain wall forms an isobaric cavity with the atmosphere, and the principle of gravity and rain curtain are used to prevent rainwater from entering the cavity between the photovoltaic module and the insulation from the top, inside and outside. Occasionally, rainwater will not penetrate into the insulation because the parapet insulation has a waterproof structure (as claimed in claim 3), but will be discharged again.

3. The ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The parapet insulation has a certain waterproof structure. A waterproof roll (13) is pasted on the upper part of the parapet insulation. The outer surface of the insulation on both sides has a waterproof function (pressed into an alkali-resistant mesh cloth). The adapter (6) has a water-swelling water stop strip (15) at the position where it protrudes from the insulation layer, and a sealant (16) is provided on the outer side of the protruding surface mortar.

4. The ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The upper part of the parapet and the three photovoltaic modules on the outer and inner sides form ventilation openings, and the overall exterior forms a ventilated curtain wall structure, which is beneficial to the ventilation and heat dissipation of the photovoltaic module back plate. Through the effect of thermal pressure, the air flow enters from the bottom opening (24), continues to rise after being heated, and flows out from the top opening (25) of the photovoltaic module.

5. The ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The photovoltaic module frame (32), the clamping strip (111) and the drip (12) are all made of glass fiber polyurethane non-metallic insulating material, so that the lightning conductor and the down conductor support (33) are completely separated from the photovoltaic module (9) by the insulating material, thus providing a certain lightning protection for the photovoltaic module.

6. A construction method for an ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The photovoltaic components (9) on the top and inside, the photovoltaic component frame (32), the lightning conductor and the bracket (33), the drip (12), the clamping strip (111), and the clamping member (11) can be fully or partially installed on site for reasons such as convenient transportation, overall hoisting, and the space required for thermal insulation and waterproofing of the lower inner side of the parapet. The reinforced concrete parapet (1), top insulation (4), inner insulation (5), outer insulation (3), plastering mortar (14) and waterproofing membrane (13), fixed bracket (8), adapter (6), thermal insulation pad (7), sleeve grouting (10), outer photovoltaic module (9), upper and lower fixed clips (111), and clip (11) can be used as a prefabricated integral component, hoisted to the site through the top hoisting embedded parts (30), connected to the diagonal brace (29) through the inner connecting parts (6), and fixed to the roof structure board, and connected to the lower reinforced concrete anti-ridge (2) through the sleeve grouting (10). Then, the roof and the inner lower flashing insulation (17) and the flashing waterproofing (18) are constructed, and finally the after-supplement insulation (19) and the plastering mortar (14) of the after-supplement insulation are constructed (pressed into the alkali-resistant mesh cloth). On the outside of the parapet, between the lower insulation part of the prefabricated component and the upper metal waterproof cover plate (20) of the top prefabricated sandwich insulation wall panel, the foam glue (26) and the foam rod (27) and the outer sealing glue are constructed, and finally the lower dripping water (121) of the outer photovoltaic module is fixed. The top, inner photovoltaic module (9) and the clamp (11) and the dripping water (12) can be installed after the above structure is completed.

7. The construction method of the ultra-low energy consumption assembled photovoltaic BIPV parapet according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The prefabricated components are produced in an integrated building insulation production method, and an insulation board is used as a non-removal formwork. At the upper part of the parapet, the double-sided non-removal formwork insulation fixing parts (28) control the positions of the inner insulation (5) and the outer insulation (3) and the thickness of the prefabricated parapet board (1); at the lower part of the parapet, the outer insulation (3) serves as a non-removal formwork insulation formwork; the steel cage, the insulation pad (7), the fixing bracket (8), the steel sleeve (10), the non-removal formwork insulation anchor bolt (31), etc. are all placed in place, and then concrete is poured to form an integral whole.

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