Vertical shaft heading machine and vertical shaft full-section construction supporting method

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertical shaft heading machine and a vertical shaft full-section construction supporting method, and the vertical shaft heading machine mainly comprises a main beam, a supporting assembly, a power assembly, a transportation assembly, a fixing assembly, a machine-mounted anchor cable drilling machine, a gripper shoe assembly and a vertical shaft heading machine cutterhead. The problem that in the prior art, a vertical shaft heading machine is matched with an anchor net cable shotcrete supporting technology to construct a roadway, primary supporting ring forming is slow can be solved, the supporting shoe assembly, the supporting assembly and the shaft wall surrounding rock of a vertical shaft form an integral supporting structure, and the problems of deformation and cracking in the later period of vertical shaft supporting can be solved; after being sprayed, filling slurry extends out of the anchor rod telescopic pipe, the anchor rod telescopic pipe and the fixing assembly compact the filling slurry in three directions, the filling slurry is evenly filled and rapidly solidified, the ideal supporting effect is achieved, and the tunneling construction efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining shaft engineering, and in particular to a shaft boring machine and a shaft full-section construction support method. Background Art

[0002] The geological conditions of mine shafts are complex and changeable, the drilling and blasting construction efficiency is low, and the shaft boring machine (CN116398142A) has a high surrounding rock pressure. However, as the excavation depth increases, the surrounding rock pressure continues to increase. Excessive surrounding pressure makes excavation too difficult. If timely support is not carried out during the excavation process, the shaft boring machine will find it difficult to advance downward. The support shoe system combined with the anchor net spraying support process can effectively solve the above problems. However, the existing shaft boring machine (CN116398142A) has insufficient propulsion force and insufficient support, which seriously affects the construction progress of the shaft and easily causes safety accidents. At the same time, the initial support ring formation of the shaft boring machine (CN116398142A) is slow and easily interferes with other processes. The anchor net spraying support technology of tunnel construction can improve this problem, but the current shaft boring machine (CN116398142A) cannot adapt to the anchor net cable spraying support technology, and the spraying anchor support system and the support shoe cannot form an organic and unified whole. At the same time, since the filling material in the shaft is greatly affected by gravity, there will be problems of uneven distribution and loose filling, making the support unstable, and the later filling pipe is also prone to deformation, cracking and other problems. In addition, the existing shaft boring machine (CN116398142A) has low construction efficiency.

[0003] The existing shaft boring machine construction method is basically used for the excavation construction of ultra-deep mines and large-scale shaft and tunnel engineering. The support technology for the shaft boring machine basically adopts pipe segments or steel sheets plus lining support. Since the shaft boring machine forms a circular cross-section during excavation, the shaft boring machine needs to move downward along the shaft for subsequent downward excavation. The existing technology simply adopts anchor mesh spraying support or pipe segment lining, and the shaft and tunnel just excavated cannot be advanced downward. The shaft needs to be paved with concrete, and the track can only be installed after the concrete solidifies for the shaft boring machine to advance downward. The paving of concrete and waiting for solidification take a certain amount of time. At the same time, under the action of gravity in the shaft, the concrete cannot be evenly distributed, and the filling is very inadequate, posing a major safety hazard. This directly leads to the inability of the supporting equipment after the shaft boring machine to move downward during the initial support of the tunnel constructed by the shaft boring machine in the existing technology in conjunction with the anchor mesh cable spraying support technology. The inability of subsequent components to keep up causes the shaft boring machine to be unable to continue to dig downward, resulting in a slow loop formation problem. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft boring machine and a full-section shaft construction support method, aiming to solve the problems in the prior art that the initial support ring formation of the shaft constructed by the shaft boring machine in conjunction with the anchor net cable spraying support process is slow, the support shoe system and the rear anchor net spraying support system cannot form an integral structure, the support shoes cannot provide sufficient support force for the advancement of the shaft boring machine, and gravity affects the insufficient filling of slurry in the pipeline.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The present invention first provides a shaft boring machine, comprising a main beam, a support assembly, a support shoe assembly and a shaft boring machine cutter head, characterized in that it also includes a transportation assembly, a fixing and power assembly and an airborne anchor drill, the support assembly is arranged at the uppermost part of the shaft boring machine main body, the fixing and power assembly is arranged on the upper side of the support assembly, and is used to provide power for the entire support assembly and fix the support assembly, the transportation assembly is arranged below the support assembly, the airborne anchor drill is a device for driving anchor cables, and is arranged in the middle of the shaft boring machine main body, the support shoe assembly is arranged at the lower part of the airborne anchor drill, and the shaft boring machine cutter head is connected to the lowermost end of the shaft boring machine main body through a main shaft rotation.

[0006] Preferably, the support assembly is a rectangular structure, and is provided with bolt connection holes and anchor holes. The bolt connection holes are used to pass tensioning bolts, and the anchor holes run horizontally from left to right, and the anchor holes also serve as grouting holes.

[0007] Preferably, the transport assembly is installed on the main beam and is used to transport the support assembly, and the transport assembly includes an upper left buckle, a lower left buckle, a left telescopic main rod, a left connecting pulley A, a left connecting pulley, a left telescopic auxiliary rod, an upper right buckle, a lower right buckle, a right telescopic main rod, a right connecting pulley A, a right connecting pulley B, and a right telescopic auxiliary rod; the upper left buckle is used to connect the bottom of the support assembly, the lower left buckle is used to connect the top of the slag retention layer, the left side is telescopic and retractable to drive the support assembly to move up and down, the left connecting pulley A, the left connecting pulley B, and the left telescopic auxiliary rod work together to adjust the movement direction of the left transport assembly; the upper right buckle is used to connect the bottom of the fixed and power assembly, the lower right buckle is used to connect the top of the slag retention layer, the right telescopic main rod is used to retract to drive the fixed and power assembly to move up and down, the right connecting pulley A, the right connecting pulley B, and the right telescopic auxiliary rod work together to adjust the movement direction of the transport assembly on the right.

[0008] Preferably, the transport assembly is installed on the main beam and is used to transport the support assembly. The transport assembly includes an upper pulley, a lower pulley, a side auxiliary pulley and a telescopic rod connecting the pulleys. The upper pulley and the lower pulley are active pulleys, which can realize the up and down movement of the transport object in the entire shaft. The side auxiliary pulley is responsible for adjusting the direction of the transport assembly to meet the drilling process within a range of 240° on both sides of the shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the fixing and power assembly comprises a rectangular shell with a cavity, two oil cylinders arranged in the rectangular shell, and a wall-type shrink tube arranged outside the sector-shaped shell and connected to the two oil cylinders.

[0010] Preferably, the fixing and power assembly comprises a fan-shaped shell with a cavity, two oil cylinders arranged inside the fan-shaped shell, and a wall-type shrink tube arranged outside the fan-shaped shell and connected to the two oil cylinders.

[0011] Preferably, the shoe support assembly has the same structure in both upper and lower layers, and each layer of the shoe support assembly includes a central body, annular shoe support plates symmetrically arranged around the central body, a supporting cylinder connected to the central body at one end and connected to the shoe support plates at a telescopic end, a supporting cylinder used to drive the shoe support plates to move radially by telescoping the telescopic end, and shear beams arranged on both sides of the supporting cylinder, wherein the shoe support plates are arc-shaped shoe support plates, and the outer walls of the arc-shaped shoe support plates are provided with rough points.

[0012] Preferably, the airborne anchor drilling rig is installed on the main beam and is equipped with a drilling rig angle adjuster, a drilling rig up and down adjustment rack and a drilling rig front and back adjustment rack. The drilling rig up and down adjustment rack and the drilling rig front and back adjustment rack are used to adjust the up and down height position of the drilling rig and the front and back position of the drilling rig in the tunnel stroke respectively. The drilling rig angle adjuster is used to adjust the rotation angle of the drilling rig around the center of the shaft section. The airborne anchor drilling rig rotates around the center of the shaft section. The direction of the anchor is consistent with the normal of the shaft contour line. The allowable angle error is ≤15°, and the support angle is in the range of 240° on both sides of the shaft.

[0013] Preferably, the support assembly is provided with bolt connection holes and anchor holes. The bolt connection holes are used to pass the tensioning bolts, and the anchor holes run through from left to right and serve as grouting and anchor holes.

[0014] Preferably, the support assembly has three rows of bolt connection holes, one row in the center, one row each for left and right symmetrical structures, and two rows for upper and lower symmetrical structures. Multiple anchor holes are provided and are perpendicular to the shaft wall.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for supporting the construction of a vertical shaft with a full cross section, using the vertical shaft boring machine, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1: The shaft boring machine is hoisted to the shaft to be expanded for excavation construction. The cutterhead system of the shaft boring machine drives the conical cutterhead to rotate to expand the shaft. The construction area is divided into a rock breaking area excavated by the cutterhead of the shaft boring machine, a gripper area 16 supported by the gripper assembly, and an initial support area for support; S2: When the shaft boring machine cutter head reaches 1.0m-4m each time, the shoe assembly enters the excavation position along with the shaft boring machine cutter head, opens the shoe assembly, and the support cylinder and the shear column tightly support the shoe plate on the shaft wall to fix the main machine. The friction force generated by the shoe assembly 8 balances the various reaction forces generated by the tunnel boring machine gravity, rock breaking drilling pressure and torque. The two forces are equal to achieve balance. The scraper on the tunnel boring machine cutter head collects the rock debris, and the broken rock debris is lifted upward by the shaft boring machine. At the same time, the anchor cable drilling rig starts to lay steel mesh on the inner wall of the shaft in the initial support area behind the shoe. S3: Then, the anchor bolts and cables are driven by the airborne anchor cable drill equipped with the shaft boring machine to realize support while excavating. Meanwhile, the rock debris is continuously lifted upward to the rock debris retention area below the transport component. The transport component contacts the rock debris and transports the rock debris to the surface platform above the shaft boring machine for discharge. Finally, the transport component returns to prepare for the next step of moving the support component. S4: The power assembly provides power to the transport assembly to transport the support assembly to a predetermined assembly position in the starting area of ​​the support starting area behind the support shoe assembly; S5: Adjust the transport assembly so that the transport assembly transports the support assembly to the empty area to be supported. In the empty area to be supported, the upper and lower recesses of the support assembly fit in with the shaft wall of the shaft. The main rod of the transport assembly is supported in the empty area to be supported, perpendicular to the shaft wall, and connected to the two oil cylinders of the power assembly to provide power. Then the fixed assembly is supported in the empty area to be supported. S6: Further tighten the transport assembly at the predetermined assembly position, provide sufficient pre-tightening force to the support assembly, and tighten and fix the support assembly using the tension bolts in the support assembly; S7: After the support assembly is fixed, the power assembly is transported to the empty area to be supported in the initial support area by the transport assembly. At this time, the fixed and power assembly becomes a fixed assembly. In the empty area to be supported, the support assembly fits the shaft wall, and the rectangular shell is placed outside the two-stage tightening anchor cable section. The telescopic tube extends to the support empty area; it cooperates with the fixed and power assembly to support in the empty area to be supported; a three-way tightening system is formed to surround the support empty area on three sides; S8: In the initial support area, use the airborne anchor cable drill to construct anchor cable holes along the anchor cable holes reserved on the support components toward the shaft wall, and put in anchoring agent and two-stage tightening anchor cables for anchoring; S9: Use the shotcrete system to spray concrete on the empty areas to be supported reserved by the fixed components and support components on both sides of the shaft wall to seal the surrounding rock; S10: After the concrete is sprayed, the two-stage tightening anchor cable that penetrates the rock mass and the oil cylinder of the fixing assembly work together to tighten the two-stage anchor cable up and down at the filling position of the shaft wall. The two shrink tubes of the fixing assembly shrink toward the shaft wall at the same time to compact the filling material. Through the three-way tightening system, the filling material fills the entire shaft wall to resist the gravity of the filling material itself. S11: After the filling slurry solidifies, the shaft boring machine continues to advance downward, releasing the support shoe assembly and recovering the fixing assembly. The fixing assembly is restored to the power system to continue to provide power for the support assembly and the transport assembly, and they move forward together to enter the next support cycle, and the front shaft support is completed.

[0016] Preferably, the two-stage tightening anchor cable is composed of two pairs of anchor cable assemblies arranged symmetrically in a double layer, and the two pairs of anchor cable assemblies form a U-shaped structure. Each anchor cable assembly is composed of an anchor rod section penetrated into the rock mass, an external two-stage tightening anchor cable section connected to the anchor rod section penetrated into the rock mass, and an anchor rod outer roller. The external two-stage tightening anchor cable section includes an anchor cable mounting frame, a transverse tightening and telescopic section arranged in the anchor cable mounting frame, and a longitudinal tightening and telescopic section vertically connected to the end of the anchor cable mounting frame; an anchor cable external pulley is provided on the left side of the anchor cable mounting frame; the transverse tightening and telescopic section includes an anchor cable internal oil cylinder A, a contraction plate A connected to the anchor cable internal oil cylinder A, the longitudinal tightening and telescopic section is arranged on the right side of the anchor cable mounting frame and vertically connected to the anchor cable mounting frame, including an anchor cable external oil cylinder B and a contraction plate B connected to the anchor cable external oil cylinder B. The two pairs of anchor cable assemblies are arranged in a mirror direction to form a two-stage tightening anchor cable with a U-shaped structure.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention relative to the prior art are: The existing shaft boring machine support method is backward, and cannot provide stable support in shaft projects. It is easy to deform and solidify instability. At the same time, the existing support shoe support force and power are insufficient, and the single-layer structure is difficult to pre-support stably. At the same time, the existing anchor rod cannot play the role of compacting the slurry. However, the shaft boring machine and the shaft full-section construction support method of the present invention have a targeted arrangement of the construction system partitions, and the matching support shoes are supported first, and the subsequent support components follow the airborne anchor cable drilling rig to drive the anchor cable. Combined with the rapid spray-mix system, it can quickly anchor, quickly install the support components, and the shaft boring machine cutter head can quickly excavate, greatly improving the excavation construction efficiency. The present invention is suitable for various underground shaft constructions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the full-section construction support method for a shaft boring machine of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the shaft boring machine of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the transport component of the present invention; Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support shoe assembly of the present invention; Figure 5 A top view of the gripper shoe of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Side view of Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the construction of the shaft wall by the machine-mounted anchor cable drilling rig in the initial support area of ​​the present invention; Figure 8 is a side view of a support assembly of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the shaft wall tightening fixing structure of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of a double-layer center-tightening pipeline using a two-stage tightening anchor cable.

[0019] The structure, top, bottom, left, right size, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification and the drawings for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the restrictive conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantive technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly understood, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their description are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1-Figure 10 As shown, the present invention is based on the construction of a deep shaft project in a mine by a full-section shaft boring machine, and proposes a construction support method for a full-section shaft boring machine. The shaft boring machine of the present invention is adopted, and the shaft boring machine includes a main beam, a support assembly 1, a support shoe assembly 8 and a shaft boring machine cutter head 9, and is characterized in that it also includes a transportation assembly 2, a fixing and power assembly 3 and an airborne anchor drill 7. The support assembly 1 is arranged at the uppermost part of the shaft boring machine main body, the fixing and power assembly 3 is arranged on the upper side of the support assembly 1, and is used to provide power for the entire support assembly 1 and fix the support assembly 1, the transportation assembly 2 is arranged below the support assembly 1, the airborne anchor drill 7 is a device for driving anchor cables, and is arranged in the middle of the shaft boring machine main body, the support shoe assembly 8 is arranged at the lower part of the airborne anchor drill rig, and the shaft boring machine cutter head is connected to the lowermost end of the shaft boring machine main body through a main shaft rotation.

[0022] like Figure 3As shown, the transport assembly of the present invention is installed on the main beam and is used to transport the support assembly. The transport assembly includes a left upper buckle 201, a left lower buckle 202, a left telescopic main rod 203, a left connecting pulley A204, a left connecting pulley 205, a left telescopic auxiliary rod 206, a right upper buckle 207, a right lower buckle 208, a right telescopic main rod 209, a right connecting pulley A210, a right connecting pulley B211, and a right telescopic auxiliary rod 212; the left upper buckle 201 is used to connect the bottom of the support assembly 1, the left lower buckle 202 is used to connect the top of the slag retention layer 10, and the left telescopic main rod 203 is used to connect the slag retention layer 10. The retractable main rod 203 is used to retract to drive the support component 1 to move up and down, and the left connecting pulley A204, the left connecting pulley B205, and the left telescopic auxiliary rod 206 work together to adjust the movement direction of the left transport component 2; the right upper buckle 207 is used to connect the bottom of the fixed and power components 3, and the right lower buckle 208 is used to connect the top of the slag retention layer. The right telescopic main rod 209 is used to retract to drive the fixed and power components 3 to move up and down, and the right connecting pulley A210, the right connecting pulley B211, and the right telescopic auxiliary rod 212 work together to adjust the movement direction of the transport component on the right.

[0023] If the direction and angle of the fixed and power assembly 3 are to be adjusted, the right connecting pulley B211 connected to the main beam 11 and the left connecting pulley A210 connected to the right telescopic main rod 209 are slid, and the right telescopic auxiliary rod 212 is contracted to achieve steering. If the fixed and power assembly 3 is to be sent back to the upper part of the shaft boring machine from the supporting area, the right lower buckle 208 connected to the slag retention area 10 is released, so that the right lower buckle 208 is connected to the bottom of the fixed and power assembly 3, and then the fixed and power assembly 3 is moved upward back to the top of the shaft boring machine through the extension movement of the right telescopic main rod.

[0024] like Figure 4-Figure 6 As shown, the shoe assembly 8 described in the present invention has the same structure in both upper and lower layers, and each layer includes a central body 801, annular shoe plates 802 symmetrically arranged around the central body 801, one end connected to the central body 801 and the telescopic end connected to the shoe plate 802, a support oil 803 used to drive the shoe plate 802 to move radially through the telescopic end, and shear beams 804 arranged on both sides of the support oil cylinder 803, and the shoe plate 802 is an arc-shaped shoe plate, and the outer wall of the arc-shaped shoe plate is provided with a rough point 805.

[0025] In the present invention, the unique X-shaped structure of the gripper assembly makes it easier to cross the broken zone, increasing the stability of the equipment and the adaptability to the sidewall formation. Each gripper can be retracted and extended independently, the two sets of grippers can move relatively and the distance between the two layers of grippers is far, which is conducive to the tunnel boring machine finding a favorable support point when passing through the broken formation.

[0026] The support shoe assembly 8 is provided with support force by the support cylinder 803, and the shear beams 804 on both sides of the support cylinder 803 play an auxiliary supporting role. The support shoe 802 is an arc-shaped structure with a three-section structure that is wide in the middle and narrow on both sides, which is convenient for crossing the broken zone. The rough points 805 on the outer wall can generate greater friction with the shaft wall, making the support more solid.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the airborne anchor cable drill 7 of the present invention is a prior art. On the main beam, a drill angle adjuster, a drill up and down adjustment rack 5 and a drill front and rear adjustment rack 4 are arranged. The drill up and down adjustment rack 5 and the drill front and rear adjustment rack 4 are used to adjust the up and down height position of the drill and the front and rear position of the drill in the tunnel respectively. The drill angle adjuster 6 is used to adjust the rotation angle of the airborne anchor cable drill 7 around the center of the shaft section. The airborne anchor cable drill 7 rotates around the center of the shaft section. The direction of the anchor cable is consistent with the normal of the shaft contour line. The angle allowable error is ≤15°, and the support angle is within the range of 240° on both sides of the shaft. The airborne anchor cable drill 7 is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0028] like Figure 8 As shown, the support assembly of the present invention is a rectangular structure, and a bolt connection hole 101 and an anchor hole 102 are provided in the support assembly 1. The bolt connection hole 101 is used to pass the tensioning bolt, and the anchor hole 102 runs through from left to right, and the anchor hole 102 is also used for grouting.

[0029] The bolt connection holes 101 on the support assembly 4 are arranged in three rows, one row in the center, one row each in the left and right symmetrical structures, and two rows in the upper and lower symmetrical structures. A plurality of anchor holes 102 are arranged and are perpendicular to the shaft wall.

[0030] like Fig. 9 As shown, the fixing and power assembly 3 of the present invention comprises a rectangular shell with a cavity, two oil cylinders 301 arranged in the rectangular shell, and a wall-directed shrink tube 302 arranged outside the rectangular shell and connected to the two oil cylinders 302. When the fixing and power assembly 3 is used as a power assembly, it provides power to the wall-directed shrink tube 3022, tightens it toward the shaft wall, and compresses the filling material in the horizontal direction.

[0031] like Figure 1-10 As shown, the present invention provides a construction support method for a shaft boring machine, using the shaft boring machine, and comprising the following steps: S1: The shaft boring machine is hoisted to the shaft to be expanded for excavation construction. The shaft boring machine cutter head 9 drives the conical cutter head to rotate to expand the shaft. The construction area is divided into a rock breaking area 18 excavated by the shaft boring machine cutter head, a gripper area 17 supported by the gripper assembly 8, and an initial support area 16 for support; S2: When the shaft boring machine cutter head 9 reaches 1.0m-4m each time, the shoe assembly 8 enters the excavated position along with the shaft boring machine cutter head 9, the shoe assembly 8 is opened, the support cylinder 801 and the shear column 803 tightly support the shoe plate 802 on the shaft wall 14 to fix the main machine, the friction force generated by the shoe assembly 8 balances the various reaction forces generated by the tunnel boring machine gravity, rock breaking drilling pressure and torque, the two forces are equal to achieve balance, the scraper on the shaft boring machine cutter head 9 collects the rock debris, and the broken rock debris is lifted upward by the shaft boring machine; at the same time, the anchor cable drilling rig starts to lay steel mesh on the inner wall of the shaft in the initial support area 16 behind the shoe; S3: Then, the anchor bolts and cables are driven by the airborne anchor cable drill 7 of the shaft boring machine to realize support while excavating; at the same time, the rock slag continues to be lifted upward to the rock slag retention area 12 below the transport component 2, and the transport component 2 contacts the rock slag and transports the rock slag to the surface platform 19 above the shaft boring machine for discharge, and finally the transport component 2 returns to prepare for the next step of moving the support component; S4: The power assembly provides power to the transport assembly 2 to transport the support assembly 1 to the starting area assembly predetermined position 13 in the support starting area behind the support shoe assembly 8; S5: Adjust the transport assembly 2 so that the transport assembly 2 transports the support assembly 1 to the empty area to be supported 15. In the empty area to be supported 15, the upper and lower recesses of the support assembly 1 fit in with the shaft wall of the shaft. The main rod of the transport assembly 2 is supported in the empty area to be supported 15 and is perpendicular to the shaft wall 14. The two oil cylinders A301 connected to the power assembly 2 provide power to extend the telescopic pipe 302 of the fixed assembly to the empty area to be supported 15. S6: Further tighten the transport component 2 at the predetermined assembly position 13, provide sufficient pre-tightening force to the support component 1, and tighten and fix the support component 1 using the tensioning bolts in the support component 1; S7: After the support component 1 is fixed, the power component is transported to the empty area to be supported 13 of the initial support area by the transport component 2. At this time, the fixed and power component 3 becomes a fixed component. In the empty area to be supported 13, the support component is attached to the shaft wall 14 of the shaft, and the rectangular shell 301 is placed outside the two-stage tightening anchor cable section. The telescopic tube 302 extends to the support empty area; and the fixed and power component cooperates with the support empty area to support; forming a three-way tightening system to surround and wrap the support empty area on three sides; S8: In the initial support area 12, the airborne anchor drilling machine 7 is used to construct the anchor hole 102 along the anchor hole reserved on the support component 1 toward the shaft wall, and an anchoring agent and a two-stage tightening anchor are placed therein for anchoring; S9: Use a shotcrete system to spray concrete in the empty areas to be supported reserved by the fixed components and the support components on both sides of the shaft wall 14, and initially set for 3 minutes to seal the surrounding rock; S10: After the concrete is sprayed, the two-stage tightening anchor cable penetrated by the rock mass and the oil cylinder 302 of the fixing assembly work together to tighten the two-stage anchor cable up and down at the filling position of the shaft wall. The two shrink tubes 302 of the fixing assembly 3 shrink toward the shaft wall at the same time to compact the filling material. Through the three-way tightening system, the filling material fills the entire shaft wall to resist the gravity of the filling material itself. S11: After the filling slurry solidifies after standing for 8 hours, the shaft boring machine continues to dig downward, releasing the support shoe assembly 8, recovering the fixing assembly, and the fixing assembly is restored to the power system to continue to provide power for the support assembly 1 and the transport assembly 2, and they move forward together to enter the next support cycle, and the front shaft support is completed.

[0032] like Fig.10 As shown, the two-stage tightening anchor cable is composed of two pairs of anchor cable components symmetrically arranged in a double layer, and the two pairs of anchor cable components form a U-shaped structure. Each anchor cable component is composed of an anchor rod segment 2005 penetrated into the rock mass, an external two-stage tightening anchor cable segment connected to the anchor rod segment 2005 penetrated into the rock mass, and an anchor rod outer roller 2004. The external two-stage tightening anchor cable segment includes an anchor cable mounting frame 2001, a transverse tightening telescopic segment arranged in the anchor cable mounting frame 2001, and a longitudinal tightening telescopic segment vertically connected to the end of the anchor cable mounting frame; in the anchor cable mounting frame, An anchor cable external pulley 2004 is provided on the left side of the mounting frame 2001; the transverse tightening telescopic section includes an anchor cable internal oil cylinder A2002 and a contraction plate A2003 connected to the anchor cable internal oil cylinder A2002; the longitudinal tightening telescopic section is arranged on the right side of the anchor cable mounting frame 2001 and is vertically connected to the anchor cable mounting frame 2001, including an anchor cable external oil cylinder B2006 and a contraction plate B2007 connected to the anchor cable external oil cylinder B2006; two pairs of anchor cable components are arranged in a mirrored manner to form a two-stage tightening anchor cable with a U-shaped structure; The two pairs of anchor sections 2005 of the two-stage tightening anchor cable that penetrate into the rock mass are drilled and pressurized into the shaft wall through an airborne anchor drilling rig. The length of the anchor section that penetrates into the rock mass is 1200mm, and the diameter of the hole is 200mm; then the internal oil cylinder A2002 of the anchor cable is started to provide lateral power for the shrinkage piece A2003, and the lateral length of the shrinkage piece A2003 is adjusted according to the required width of the sprayed filling material; its lateral shrinkage piece A2003 is 800mm long, and the external oil cylinder B2006 of the anchor cable is started to adjust the telescopic distance of the two shrinkage pieces B2007 according to the required thickness of the sprayed filling material, which is responsible for tightening the clamping filling material up and down. When the two pairs of anchor rod outer rollers 2004 are responsible for tightening up and down, they assist the external two-stage tightening anchor cable section to move up and down along the shaft wall 14 to form a two-stage tightening anchor cable section with a U-shaped structure.

[0033] It should be noted that in the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device, component or structure must have a specific direction, be constructed or operate in a specific direction, and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0034] In summary, the full-section shaft tunneling machine construction support method provided by the present invention can solve the problem of slow initial support ring formation in the tunnel construction by the shaft tunneling machine in conjunction with the anchor net cable spraying support process in the prior art, so that the support shoe system plus the support assembly and the shaft surrounding rock form an integral support structure, which can solve the problems of deformation and cracking in the later stage of shaft support. At the same time, two-stage anchor rods are arranged at the filling location. After the filling slurry is sprayed, the anchor rod telescopic pipe segment is extended out, and together with the fixed assembly, the filling material is compacted in three directions to make it evenly filled and quickly solidified. When the shaft tunneling machine support shoe cannot provide sufficient thrust, the fixed assembly can be opened again and converted into a power assembly to provide sufficient thrust for the shaft tunneling machine. The construction system is arranged in a targeted manner according to different zones. The matching support shoes are used first for support, and the subsequent support components are followed by the airborne anchor drill to inject two-stage anchor cables. Combined with the rapid spray-mix system and fixed components, it can quickly anchor and install support components, compact the filling materials, accelerate the circulation process, and enable the shaft boring machine cutter head to advance quickly, which can greatly improve the excavation construction efficiency.

[0035] At this point, those skilled in the art should recognize that, although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications that conform to the principles of the present invention can still be directly determined or derived based on the contents disclosed in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be understood and recognized as covering all these other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. A shaft boring machine, comprising a main beam, a support assembly, a gripper assembly and a shaft boring machine cutterhead, characterized in that: It also includes a transportation component, a fixing and power component and an airborne anchor drill. The support component is arranged at the uppermost part of the shaft boring machine main body, the fixing and power component is arranged on the upper side of the support component, and is used to provide power for the entire support component and fix the support component. The transportation component is arranged below the support component. The airborne anchor drill is a device for driving anchor cables, which is arranged in the middle of the shaft boring machine main body. The support shoe component is arranged at the lower part of the airborne anchor drill. The shaft boring machine cutter head is connected to the lowermost end of the shaft boring machine main body through the main shaft rotation.

2. The shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support assembly is a rectangular structure, and is provided with bolt connection holes and anchor holes. The bolt connection holes are used to pass tensioning bolts, and the anchor holes are horizontally passed from left to right, and the anchor holes also serve as grouting holes.

3. The shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transport assembly is installed on the main beam and is used to transport the support assembly. The transport assembly includes an upper left buckle, a lower left buckle, a left telescopic main rod, a left connecting pulley A, a left connecting pulley, a left telescopic auxiliary rod, an upper right buckle, a lower right buckle, a right telescopic main rod, a right connecting pulley A, a right connecting pulley B, and a right telescopic auxiliary rod; the upper left buckle is used to connect the bottom of the support assembly, the lower left buckle is used to connect the top of the slag retention layer, the left side is telescopic and retractable to drive the support assembly to move up and down, the left connecting pulley A, the left connecting pulley B, and the left telescopic auxiliary rod work together to adjust the movement direction of the left transport assembly; the upper right buckle is used to connect the bottom of the fixed and power assembly, the lower right buckle is used to connect the top of the slag retention layer, the right telescopic main rod is used to retract to drive the fixed and power assembly to move up and down, the right connecting pulley A, the right connecting pulley B, and the right telescopic auxiliary rod work together to adjust the movement direction of the transport assembly on the right.

4. The shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing and power assembly comprises a rectangular shell with a cavity, two oil cylinders arranged in the rectangular shell and a wall-shaped shrink tube connected to the two oil cylinders and arranged outside the fan-shaped shell.

5. The shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shoe support assembly has the same structure in both upper and lower layers, and each layer includes a central body, annular shoe support plates symmetrically arranged around the central body, a support cylinder connected to the central body at one end and connected to the shoe support plates at the telescopic end, a support cylinder used to drive the shoe support plates to move radially by telescoping the telescopic end, and shear beams arranged on both sides of the support cylinder. The shoe support plates are arc-shaped shoe support plates, and the outer walls of the arc-shaped shoe support plates are provided with rough points.

6. The shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airborne anchor drilling rig is installed on the main beam and is equipped with a drilling rig angle adjuster, a drilling rig upper and lower adjustment rack and a drilling rig front and rear adjustment rack. The drilling rig upper and lower adjustment rack and the drilling rig front and rear adjustment rack are respectively used to adjust the upper and lower height positions of the drilling rig and the front and rear positions of the drilling rig in the tunnel stroke. The drilling rig angle adjuster is used to adjust the rotation angle of the drilling rig around the center of the shaft section. The airborne anchor drilling rig rotates around the center of the shaft section. The direction of the anchor cable is consistent with the normal of the shaft contour line. The allowable angle error is ≤15°, and the support angle is in the range of 240° on both sides of the shaft.

7. The shaft boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support assembly has three rows of bolt connection holes, one row in the center, one row in the left and right symmetrical structures, and two rows in the upper and lower symmetrical structures. A plurality of anchor cable holes are provided and are arranged perpendicular to the shaft wall.

8. A method for supporting the construction of a vertical shaft with a full section, characterized in that: The shaft boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: S1: The shaft boring machine is hoisted to the shaft to be expanded for excavation construction. The shaft boring machine cutterhead of the shaft boring machine drives the conical cutterhead to rotate to expand the shaft. The construction area is divided into a rock breaking area excavated by the shaft boring machine cutterhead, a gripper area 16 supported by the gripper assembly, and an initial support area for support; S2: When the shaft boring machine cutter head reaches 1.0m-4m each time, the shoe assembly enters the excavation position along with the shaft boring machine cutter head, opens the shoe assembly, and the support cylinder and the shear column tightly support the shoe plate on the shaft wall to fix the main machine. The friction force generated by the shoe assembly 8 balances the various reaction forces generated by the tunnel boring machine gravity, rock breaking drilling pressure and torque. The two forces are equal to achieve balance. The scraper on the tunnel boring machine cutter head collects the rock debris, and the broken rock debris is lifted upward by the shaft boring machine. At the same time, the anchor cable drilling rig starts to lay steel mesh on the inner wall of the shaft in the initial support area behind the shoe. S3: Then, the anchor bolts and cables are driven by the airborne anchor cable drill equipped with the shaft boring machine to realize support while excavating. Meanwhile, the rock debris is continuously lifted upward to the rock debris retention area below the transport component. The transport component contacts the rock debris and transports the rock debris to the surface platform above the shaft boring machine for discharge. Finally, the transport component returns to prepare for the next step of moving the support component. S4: The power assembly provides power to the transport assembly to transport the support assembly to a predetermined assembly position in the starting area of ​​the support starting area behind the support shoe assembly; S5: Adjust the transport assembly so that the transport assembly transports the support assembly to the empty area to be supported. In the empty area to be supported, the upper and lower recesses of the support assembly fit in with the shaft wall of the shaft. The main rod of the transport assembly is supported in the empty area to be supported, perpendicular to the shaft wall of the shaft. The two oil cylinders connected to the power assembly provide power to support the fixed assembly in the empty area to be supported. S6: Further tighten the transport assembly at the predetermined assembly position, provide sufficient pre-tightening force to the support assembly, and tighten and fix the support assembly using the tension bolts in the support assembly; S7: After the support assembly is fixed, the power assembly is transported to the empty area to be supported in the initial support area by the transport assembly. At this time, the fixed and power assembly becomes a fixed assembly. In the empty area to be supported, the support assembly fits the shaft wall, and the rectangular shell is placed outside the two-stage tightening anchor cable section. The telescopic tube extends to the support empty area; it cooperates with the fixed and power assembly to support in the empty area to be supported; a three-way tightening system is formed to surround the support empty area on three sides; S8: In the initial support area, use the airborne anchor cable drill to construct anchor cable holes along the anchor cable holes reserved on the support components toward the shaft wall, and put in anchoring agent and two-stage tightening anchor cables for anchoring; S9: Use the shotcrete system to spray concrete on the empty areas to be supported reserved by the fixed components and support components on both sides of the shaft wall to seal the surrounding rock; S10: After the concrete is sprayed, the two-stage tightening anchor cable that penetrates the rock mass and the oil cylinder of the fixing assembly work together to tighten the two-stage anchor cable up and down at the filling position of the shaft wall. The two shrink tubes of the fixing assembly shrink toward the shaft wall at the same time to compact the filling material. Through the three-way tightening system, the filling material fills the entire shaft wall to resist the gravity of the filling material itself. S11: After the filling slurry solidifies, the shaft boring machine continues to advance downward, releasing the support shoe assembly and recovering the fixing assembly. The fixing assembly is restored to the power system to continue to provide power for the support assembly and the transport assembly, and they move forward together to enter the next support cycle, and the front shaft support is completed.

9. The method for supporting the construction of a vertical shaft in full section according to claim 8, characterized in that: The two-stage tightening anchor cable is composed of two pairs of anchor cable components symmetrically arranged in a double layer, and the two pairs of anchor cable components form a U-shaped structure. Each anchor cable component is composed of an anchor rod section penetrated into the rock mass, an external two-stage tightening anchor cable section connected to the anchor rod section penetrated into the rock mass, and an anchor rod outer roller. The external two-stage tightening anchor cable section includes an anchor cable mounting frame, a transverse tightening and telescopic section arranged in the anchor cable mounting frame, and a longitudinal tightening and telescopic section vertically connected to the end of the anchor cable mounting frame; an anchor cable external pulley is arranged on the left side of the anchor cable mounting frame; the transverse tightening and telescopic section includes an anchor cable internal oil cylinder A, a contraction plate A connected to the anchor cable internal oil cylinder A, the longitudinal tightening and telescopic section is arranged on the right side of the anchor cable mounting frame and vertically connected to the anchor cable mounting frame, including an anchor cable external oil cylinder B and a contraction plate B connected to the anchor cable external oil cylinder B. The two pairs of anchor cable components are arranged in a mirror direction to form a two-stage tightening anchor cable with a U-shaped structure.

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