Diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method. The diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method comprises the following steps: S100, expanding excavation; s200, drilling and blasting; s300, deslagging is carried out; s400, chiseling: measuring the size through an over-excavation and under-excavation detection device to obtain a measurement value; comparing a measured value of the back break detection equipment with a design value to obtain a difference value; and based on the difference value, chiseling operation is carried out. According to the diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method, a drilling and blasting method is used for construction, so that the construction effects of high construction speed, good construction quality and high safety are achieved. S400, accurate measurement and chiseling finishing are carried out, chiseling operation is guided by a difference value, accurate re-operation is carried out on a drilling and blasting construction area, so that the contour of the diversion tunnel after construction conforms to the design, and the over-excavation and under-excavation phenomena are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of diversion tunnel construction, and in particular to a diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method. Background Art

[0002] A diversion tunnel refers to a tunnel used for construction diversion purposes. One of its characteristics is that the construction period is often very tight. If it cannot be completed on schedule, the construction period of the entire project will be extended.

[0003] For large-sized diversion tunnels, a layered excavation construction scheme is often used, that is, after completing the construction of the upper layer of the diversion tunnel, the middle and lower layers of the diversion tunnel are constructed. In the prior art, drilling and blasting construction is used to construct the middle and lower layers of the diversion tunnel. The operation efficiency of drilling and blasting construction is high, but the operation accuracy is poor, and over-excavation and under-excavation are prone to occur, resulting in repairs during the subsequent support structure operation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the lower layer of the diversion tunnel is prone to over-excavation and under-excavation during drilling and blasting operations. The purpose is to provide a construction method for excavating the lower layer of the diversion tunnel to solve the above problem.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A diversion tunnel lower layer excavation construction method comprises the following steps:

[0007] S100 Excavation: Excavate downward from the bottom of the upper layer of the diversion tunnel to form the lower construction area; expand the excavation on both sides of the lower construction area to form the drilling and blasting operation area;

[0008] S200 drilling and blasting: several pre-crack holes are arranged on the face of the drilling and blasting operation area; each pre-crack hole is charged and plugged; the detonation network is connected; and the detonation is initiated;

[0009] S300 slag removal: clean up the slag by mechanical equipment;

[0010] S400 chiseling: Measure the dimensions using over-break and under-break detection equipment to obtain the measured value; compare the measured value of the over-break and under-break detection equipment with the designed value to obtain the difference; perform chiseling operations based on the difference.

[0011] In a possible design, in S200, the pre-splitting holes are divided into peripheral holes, groove holes and auxiliary holes, and they are detonated in the order of peripheral holes, groove holes and auxiliary holes.

[0012] In a possible design, in S300, construction is carried out outward from the drilling and blasting operation area to form a slag discharge platform and a slag discharge track, and the slag discharge track connects the slag discharge platform with the outside world.

[0013] In a possible design, in S400, the excavated slag is transported to the outside via the slag discharge platform and the slag discharge lane.

[0014] In a possible design, in S400, the overbreak and underbreak detection device includes a base plate, a housing, a wheel body, and a detector;

[0015] The base plate is connected to the shell and is located inside the shell. The base plate is provided with a driving module and a level. The driving module has a plurality of output terminals, each of which is respectively connected to a wheel body. Accordingly, the wheel body is provided with a plurality of;

[0016] A guide rail is arranged on the top surface of the shell, a slide block is arranged on the guide rail, and the detector is connected with the slide block through a ball joint mechanism.

[0017] In a possible design, an adjustment mechanism is provided on the base plate, and the adjustment mechanism includes a fine adjustment module, a coarse adjustment module and an additional plate;

[0018] The fine adjustment module includes a first cylinder that is inserted into the base plate, an adjustment screw that is rotatably arranged in the first cylinder, and a first driver that is connected to the first cylinder, and the output end of the first driver is connected to the adjustment screw; the first cylinder is provided with an adjustment groove, the base plate is connected to the adjustment screw through the adjustment groove, and the upper end of the first cylinder is connected to the first driver, and the lower end of the first cylinder is connected to the wheel body;

[0019] The coarse adjustment module includes a second cylinder penetrating the base plate, an adjustment rod slidably arranged on the second cylinder, and a second driver connected to the second cylinder, wherein the output end of the second driver is connected to the adjustment rod and is used to drive the adjustment rod to slide along the second cylinder;

[0020] The additional plate is located below the base plate and connected to the lower end of the adjusting rod. The additional plate has an upper position for lifting the base plate and a lower position for abutting the bottom surface of the diversion hole. Accordingly, the adjusting rod reciprocates to switch the positions of the additional plate.

[0021] Correspondingly, a telescopic rod is provided on the top surface of the shell, and an adapted plugging hole is provided at the upper end of the adjusting rod.

[0022] In a possible design, the substrate has two opposite side edges, each side edge is provided with two protruding portions, and correspondingly, each protruding portion is provided with a fine adjustment module and a coarse adjustment module.

[0023] In a possible design, a through hole is provided on the top surface of the shell, the through hole has two opposite side walls, the telescopic rod is located on the shell, the working end of the telescopic rod is passed through one of the side walls, and correspondingly, a limiting hole adapted to the telescopic rod is provided on the other side wall;

[0024] A bracket is provided below the through hole, a blower is provided on the bracket, and a cover plate adapted to the through hole is provided on the top surface of the blower. Accordingly, when the adjusting rod moves upward, the additional plate is in the upper position, and the upper end of the adjusting rod is placed on the cover plate to make the blower move up to the outside of the shell and toward the guide rail, and the plug-in hole of the adjusting rod is coaxial with the limit hole.

[0025] In one possible design, the overbreak and underbreak detection device measures the size including the following steps:

[0026] S01: The over-break and under-break detection equipment moves to the measurement location;

[0027] S02: Use a level meter to check the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection equipment;

[0028] S03: Detection is performed by a detector;

[0029] Among them, in S02, if the degree of skew is within the design range, the detector is adjusted through the ball joint mechanism, and then the detector is measured; if the degree of skew exceeds the design range, at least the adjustment mechanism and the ball joint mechanism are adjusted, and then the detector is measured.

[0030] In one possible design, adjusting the adjusting mechanism includes the following steps:

[0031] S01: The telescopic rod is retracted, the coarse adjustment module is started, and all the adjustment rods are moved down until the additional plate is in the lower position;

[0032] S02: at least one adjusting rod is moved downward, and a level meter measures the degree of skewness of the overbreak and underbreak detection device until the degree of skewness of the overbreak and underbreak detection device is within a first design range;

[0033] S03: at least one of the multiple fine adjustment modules is started, and the level meter measures the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection device until the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection device is within a second design range;

[0034] S04: After the measurement is completed, the adjustment mechanism is reset.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0036] The diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method uses the drilling and blasting method to achieve a construction effect of fast construction speed, good construction quality and high safety. S400 is used to accurately measure and chisel and trim, and the chisel operation is guided by the difference. The drilling and blasting construction area is accurately re-operated, so that the contour of the diversion tunnel after construction meets the design and avoids over-excavation and under-excavation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the process of a construction method for excavating the lower layer of a diversion tunnel.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the over-excavation and under-excavation detection equipment when the additional plate is in the upper working position.

[0040] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the over-excavation and under-excavation detection equipment when the additional plate is in the lower working position.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the fine-tuning module.

[0042] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the substrate.

[0043] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure of the shell through hole.

[0044] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover plate.

[0045] Marks and corresponding parts names in the attached drawings:

[0046] 1. Base plate; 2. Shell; 3. Wheel body; 4. Detector; 5. Guide rail; 6. Slider; 7. Fine adjustment module; 71. First cylinder; 72. Adjusting screw; 73. First driver; 8. Coarse adjustment module; 81. Second cylinder; 82. Adjusting rod; 9. Additional plate; 10. Telescopic rod; 11. Bracket; 12. Blower; 13. Cover plate; 131. Cover plate body; 132. Movable plate; 133. Connecting mechanism; 134. Storage hole; 135. Rotating shaft; 136. Connecting rope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0048] In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that these specific details are not necessarily employed to practice the present invention. In other embodiments, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods are not specifically described.

[0049] Throughout the specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and / or sub-combination. In addition, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the figures provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, “up”, “down”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “high”, “low”, “inside” and “outside” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example:

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, a construction method for excavating the lower layer of a diversion tunnel comprises the following steps:

[0053] S100 Excavation: Excavate downward from the bottom of the upper layer of the diversion tunnel to form the lower construction area; expand the excavation on both sides of the lower construction area to form the drilling and blasting operation area;

[0054] S200 drilling and blasting: several pre-crack holes are arranged on the face of the drilling and blasting operation area; each pre-crack hole is charged and plugged; the detonation network is connected; and the detonation is initiated;

[0055] S300 slag removal: clean up the slag by mechanical equipment;

[0056] S400 chiseling: measure the size through the overbreak detection equipment to obtain the measured value; compare the measured value of the overbreak detection equipment with the design value to obtain the difference; perform chiseling operation based on the difference;

[0057] S500: Repeat S200-S400 until the construction of the middle and lower layers of the diversion tunnel is completed.

[0058] After the construction of the upper layer of the diversion tunnel is completed, the construction of the middle and lower layers can be carried out through the middle and lower layer excavation construction method of the diversion tunnel. The middle and lower layer excavation construction method of the diversion tunnel uses the drilling and blasting method to achieve a construction effect of fast construction speed, good construction quality and high safety.

[0059] It is easy to understand that before the diversion tunnel lower layer excavation construction method is implemented, geological conditions exploration should be done well so that blasting design work can be accurately carried out to improve construction quality and ensure construction safety.

[0060] Furthermore, although the construction quality of the drilling and blasting method is better, after the drilling and blasting construction is completed, not only the waste slag must be processed by S300, but also accurate measurement and chiseling and trimming must be carried out by S400 until the contour of the lower layer in the diversion tunnel meets the designed excavation contour line to avoid over-excavation and under-excavation.

[0061] Specifically, in S100, the upper layer of the diversion tunnel is used as a platform for construction. At the same time, the specific construction environment and the characteristics of the surrounding environment are combined to speed up the construction speed of the drilling and blasting operation area.

[0062] When constructing the upper layer of the diversion tunnel, relevant geological conditions should be detected, and blasting design should be carried out in S200 based on relevant data. If necessary, re-exploration can also be carried out in the drilling and blasting operation area. When designing blasting, reserve volume within the excavation line according to different surrounding rocks to ensure the quality of drilling and blasting construction.

[0063] In S300, the waste residue generated after the drilling and blasting construction is cleaned up, and preparations are also made for the next construction step.

[0064] In S400, accurate measurements are made through over-break and under-break detection equipment to obtain the actual size of the drilling and blasting construction area, so that the difference is obtained by comparing with the design value, and the excavation work is guided by the difference. The drilling and blasting construction area is accurately re-operated so that the contour of the diversion tunnel after construction meets the design and over-break and under-break are avoided.

[0065] In S500, the construction of the middle and lower layers of the entire diversion tunnel can be completed by repeating S200-S400.

[0066] In a possible implementation, in S200, the pre-crack holes are divided into peripheral holes, slot holes and auxiliary holes, and are detonated in the order of peripheral holes, slot holes and auxiliary holes. Based on the above design scheme, the peripheral holes are detonated first, and a through crack with a certain width can be blasted along the designed contour line through the peripheral holes; the slot holes and auxiliary holes are detonated later, and the vibration waves of the excavation blasting are buffered and reflected through the through cracks, thereby controlling the destructive effect on the retained rock mass and obtaining a smoother excavation contour.

[0067] In a possible implementation, in S300, construction is carried out outward from the drilling and blasting operation area to form a slag discharge platform and a slag discharge lane, which connects the slag discharge platform with the outside world. Based on the above design scheme, the slag discharge platform and the slag discharge lane are used to create an environment for the subsequent entry and use of various mechanical equipment, thereby further accelerating the construction progress. If site conditions permit, a staggered area or staggered lane is designed in the slag discharge lane to make the flow of various equipment smoother, especially when cleaning drilling and blasting waste, so as to improve the efficiency of construction.

[0068] In a possible implementation, in S400, the excavated slag is transported to the outside through the slag discharge platform and the slag discharge track. Based on the above design, the amount of slag from the excavation is relatively small, but it also needs to be transported out, and the slag discharge platform and the slag discharge track can be used for transportation.

[0069] In one possible implementation, Figure 2-Figure 6 As shown, in S400, the over-break and under-break detection device includes a base plate 1, a housing 2, a wheel body 3 and a detector 4;

[0070] The base plate 1 is connected to the housing 2 and is located inside the housing 2. A driving module and a level are provided on the base plate 1. The driving module has a plurality of output terminals, each of which is respectively connected to a wheel body 3. Accordingly, the wheel body 3 is provided with a plurality of;

[0071] A guide rail 5 is provided on the top surface of the housing 2 , a slider 6 is provided on the guide rail 5 , and the detector 4 is connected to the slider 6 via a ball joint mechanism.

[0072] Based on the above design scheme, various components are connected through the substrate 1 to form an organic whole, and the shell 2 covers the components except the detector 4, thereby reducing the erosion of dust and other impurities on the over-break detection equipment and extending the service life of the over-break detection equipment.

[0073] The driving module drives the wheel body 3 to rotate, thereby driving the over-break and under-break detection device to move automatically, thereby realizing the automated operation of the over-break and under-break detection device. The detector 4 can be any suitable existing device, and the detector 4 is set on the slider 6. The slider 6 moves back and forth along the guide rail 5 to expand the detection range of the detector 4 and reduce the movement of the over-break and under-break detection device. At the same time, the detector 4 is connected to the slider 6 through a ball joint mechanism, and the detector 4 can be adjusted in a wide range of angles through the ball joint mechanism, which has better flexibility.

[0074] The level meter is used to detect the levelness of the overbreak and underbreak detection equipment, so as to adjust the detector 4 through the ball joint mechanism to improve the detection accuracy.

[0075] As for the wheel body 3, the wheel body 3 is provided with a plurality of wheel bodies 3 and is divided into a plurality of drive groups in groups of two, and the two wheel bodies 3 in each drive group are respectively arranged on both sides of the base plate 1. Among the plurality of drive groups, at least one drive group is constructed as an active group connected to the drive module, and the wheel body 3 of the active group is a universal wheel, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the over-break and under-break detection device for steering.

[0076] It is easy to understand that the driving module, the level, the guide rail 5, the slider 6 and the ball joint mechanism can be any suitable existing equipment respectively, and the present invention does not impose any limitation on this.

[0077] In one possible implementation, Figure 2-Figure 6 As shown, the substrate 1 is provided with an adjustment mechanism, which includes a fine adjustment module 7, a coarse adjustment module 8 and an additional plate 9;

[0078] The fine adjustment module 7 includes a first barrel 71 inserted on the base plate 1, an adjusting screw 72 rotatably arranged in the first barrel 71, and a first driver 73 connected to the first barrel 71, and the output end of the first driver 73 is connected to the adjusting screw 72; an adjusting groove is provided on the first barrel 71, and the base plate 1 is connected to the adjusting screw 72 through the adjusting groove, and the upper end of the first barrel 71 is connected to the first driver 73, and the lower end of the first barrel 71 is connected to the wheel body 3;

[0079] The coarse adjustment module 8 includes a second cylinder 81 passing through the substrate 1, an adjustment rod 82 slidably arranged on the second cylinder 81, and a second driver connected to the second cylinder 81, wherein the output end of the second driver is connected to the adjustment rod 82 and is used to drive the adjustment rod 82 to slide along the second cylinder 81;

[0080] The additional plate 9 is located below the base plate 1 and connected to the lower end of the adjusting rod 82. The additional plate 9 has an upper position for lifting the base plate 1 and a lower position for abutting the bottom surface of the diversion hole. Accordingly, the adjusting rod 82 reciprocates to switch the positions of the additional plate 9.

[0081] Correspondingly, a telescopic rod 10 is provided on the top surface of the housing 2, and an inserting hole adapted thereto is provided at the upper end of the adjusting rod 82.

[0082] Based on the above design scheme, for the over-break and under-break detection equipment, the detector 4 can be adjusted to improve the detection accuracy through the cooperation of the level meter and the ball joint mechanism. However, when the degree of skewness is large, it is necessary to use the adjustment mechanism for adjustment. Specifically, the first adjustment is made through the coarse adjustment module 8 to make the over-break and under-break detection equipment in a roughly horizontal position, and then the second adjustment is made through the fine adjustment module 7 to make the over-break and under-break detection equipment closer to the horizontal. Finally, if necessary, the ball joint mechanism is adjusted again to make the detector 4 in a horizontal state, or the detector 4 is parallel to the bottom surface of the lower layer of the diversion tunnel to improve the detection accuracy.

[0083] It is easy to understand that after each adjustment, the level meter is used to detect and feedback the adjustment result before making the next adjustment, or ending the adjustment.

[0084] For the fine adjustment module 7, the first driver 73 drives the adjusting screw 72 to rotate, and the adjusting screw 72 is connected to the base plate 1 through a thread, so that the base plate 1 can be raised and lowered under the drive of the adjusting screw 72, thereby adjusting the levelness of the base plate 1 with high adjustment accuracy. At the same time, an adjustment groove is provided on the first cylinder 71 so that the base plate 1 can be connected to the adjusting screw 72; the first cylinder 71 also plays the role of connecting the wheel body 3, thereby reducing the number of components and achieving the purpose of simplifying the structure.

[0085] The structure of the coarse adjustment module 8 is similar to that of the fine adjustment module 7, that is, the adjustment rod 82 is driven to rise and fall by the second driver. When the adjustment rod 82 presses against the bottom surface of the lower layer of the diversion tunnel, the over-excavation and under-excavation detection device can be lifted to achieve coarse adjustment of the over-excavation and under-excavation detection device.

[0086] For the base plate 1, it is connected to the wheel body 3 through the first cylinder 71, and is also connected to the adjusting screw 72 through its own thread. Therefore, when the bottom surface of the base plate 1 does not abut the bottom of the adjusting groove, most of the weight of the over-excavation and under-excavation detection equipment is transferred to the adjusting screw 72 through the thread of the base plate 1, and then transferred to the wheel body 3 through the fine adjustment module 7. In order to avoid damaging the thread, an additional plate 9 is designed to abut the base plate 1, that is, when the adjusting rod 82 moves upward, the additional plate 9 is in the upper position, and the additional plate 9 lifts the base plate 1 through a number of pillars, and the housing 2 fixes the position of the adjusting rod 82 through the telescopic rod 10, so that the additional plate 9 is in the upper position for a long time. Based on this, the force of the base plate 1 on the thread is reduced by the upper push of the additional plate 9, and the thread and the adjusting screw 72 are protected.

[0087] Furthermore, when performing a rough adjustment, after the force of the adjustment rod 82 is lost, the additional plate 9 falls and separates from the base plate 1, and the limit on the base plate 1 is also released. Accordingly, the base plate 1 can move up and down relative to the adjustment screw 72, thereby improving the flexibility of adjustment. In this way, the linkage between the rough adjustment module 8 and the additional plate 9 is also achieved, the number of components is reduced, and the purpose of simplifying the structure is achieved.

[0088] Optionally, the lower end of the adjusting rod 82 is provided with an outwardly convex annular platform, and correspondingly, the additional plate 9 is provided with an annular groove adapted thereto. When the adjusting rod 82 moves upward, the annular platform is inserted into the annular groove, thereby realizing the connection between the adjusting rod 82 and the additional plate 9, so that the additional plate 9 moves upward to the upper working position along with the adjusting rod 82. Conversely, when the adjusting rod 82 moves downward, the additional plate 9 will move downward to the lower working position under the action of gravity, and when the additional plate 9 abuts against the bottom surface of the middle and lower layers of the diversion tunnel, the adjusting rod 82 can continue to move downward and realize the rough adjustment operation.

[0089] Alternatively, if Figure 5As shown, the substrate 1 has two opposite side edges, each of which is provided with two protruding portions. Correspondingly, each of the protruding portions is provided with a fine adjustment module 7 and a coarse adjustment module 8.

[0090] Based on the above design, four fine adjustment modules 7 and four coarse adjustment modules 8 are provided and located at the four corners of the substrate 1, so that they can be adjusted from four directions, with better adjustment flexibility to adapt to different environments.

[0091] In a possible implementation, a through hole is provided on the top surface of the housing 2, the through hole has two opposite side walls, the telescopic rod 10 is located on the housing 2, the working end of the telescopic rod 10 is passed through one of the side walls, and correspondingly, a limiting hole adapted to the telescopic rod 10 is provided on the other side wall;

[0092] A bracket 11 is provided below the through hole, a blower 12 is provided on the bracket 11, and a cover plate 13 adapted to the through hole is provided on the top surface of the blower 12. Accordingly, when the adjusting rod 82 moves upward, the additional plate 9 is in the upper position, and the upper end of the adjusting rod 82 is placed on the cover plate 13 to move the blower 12 up to the outside of the shell 2 and toward the guide rail 5, and the plug-in hole of the adjusting rod 82 is coaxial with the limit hole.

[0093] Based on the above design, the telescopic rod 10 passes through the plug hole and is plugged into the limiting hole, thereby realizing the connection between the telescopic rod 10 and the adjusting rod 82 and limiting the position of the adjusting rod 82 so that the additional plate 9 is in the upper working position.

[0094] As for the detector 4, it is located on the top surface of the housing 2. When there are a lot of impurities such as dust in the working environment, the impurities will adhere to the guide rail 5, the slider 6 and / or the detector 4, and then corrode the relevant components. In order to increase the service life of each component, a blower 12 is set to blow away the dust.

[0095] The blower 12 is placed by the bracket 11 so that the blower 12 is stored under the housing 2 to prevent the blower 12 from blocking the movement of the slider 6, thereby limiting the detection range of the detector 4. At the same time, the blower 12 is connected to the cover plate 13, and the through hole is blocked by the cover plate 13 to reduce dust entering the housing 2 through the through hole and protect various components in the housing 2.

[0096] During operation, when the adjusting rod 82 moves upward, the upper end of the adjusting rod 82 moves on the top cover plate 13, so that the blower 12 moves up to the outside of the housing 2 and toward the guide rail 5. Based on this, the adjusting rod 82 is used as a driving device to drive the blower 12 to move up to the top surface of the housing 2, thereby completing the purge operation, and realizing the linkage between the adjusting rod 82 and the surrounding equipment. On the contrary, when the detector 4 is working, the adjusting rod 82 moves downward, so that the blower 12 is stored on the bracket 11, so as to prevent the blower 12 from blocking the detector 4.

[0097] Further, if Figure 6 and 7 As shown, the cover plate 13 includes a cover plate body 131, a movable plate 132 and a connecting mechanism 133;

[0098] The cover body 131 is configured to fit the shape of the through hole. The cover body 131 has two opposite ends, one of which is provided with a through hole, and the bottom surface of the other end is connected to the blower 12. Accordingly, when the cover body 131 is located in the through hole, the through hole is connected to the limiting hole and is coaxial.

[0099] The cover body 131 is provided with a receiving hole 134 adapted to the movable plate 132, and the movable plate 132 is arranged in the receiving hole 134. Accordingly, the movable plate 132 has a first position located in the receiving hole 134 and a second position where the movable plate 132 is pushed out of the receiving hole 134 by the adjusting rod 82.

[0100] The connecting mechanism 133 includes a rotating shaft 135 and a connecting rope 136 wound around the rotating shaft 135. The rotating shaft 135 is rotatably arranged in the cover body 131 through a torsion spring. One end of the connecting rope 136 is connected to the rotating shaft 135, and the other end of the connecting rope 136 passes through the cover body 131 and is connected to the movable plate 132.

[0101] Based on the above design, the adjusting rod 82 moves upward, but there is no need to put on the cover plate 13. For example, when the over-excavation and under-excavation detection device moves, the adjusting rod 82 moves upward and leaves the ground, but at this time, the blower 12 is not needed for the purge operation, so the blower 12 is located on the bracket 11, and the cover plate 13 is also inserted in the through hole by gravity to prevent dust from intruding. The telescopic rod 10 also includes a sub-rod for pressing the cover plate body 131. The sub-rod presses the cover plate body 131, and the adjusting rod 82 moves upward and only lifts the movable plate 132, so that the movable plate 132 switches from the first station to the second station, that is, the movable plate 132 is pushed out of the storage hole 134, and the cover plate body 131 is still located in the through hole. The relative movement between the movable plate 132 and the cover plate body 131 ensures that the upward movement of the adjusting rod 82 will not be blocked. The telescopic rod 10 then extends outward and passes through the cover plate body 131 and the adjusting rod 82 to fix the position of the adjusting rod 82.

[0102] At the same time, in the connecting mechanism 133, the connecting rope 136 moves with the movable plate 132 and is pulled outward, and the rotating shaft 135 rotates appropriately and releases the wound connecting rope 136. On the contrary, after the telescopic rod 10 contracts and the adjusting rod 82 moves downward, the rotating shaft 135 will be reset under the action of the torsion spring, thereby winding up the connecting rope 136, and finally achieving the purpose of automatic reset of the movable plate 132. It is easy to understand that the connecting rope 136 also plays a guiding role, so that the movable plate 132 can be accurately reset. Preferably, a plurality of connecting mechanisms 133 are provided and evenly distributed on the cover body 131, so that the movable plate 132 is evenly stressed and the accuracy of reset is improved.

[0103] Thus, the cover plate 13 has three working positions, namely, the cover plate 13 is located in the through hole as a whole, the cover plate 13 is pushed out of the through hole as a whole by the adjusting rod 82, and the cover plate body 131 is located in the through hole while the movable plate 132 is pushed out of the through hole by the adjusting rod 82, so as to adapt to different working scenes and facilitate the selection of the staff.

[0104] Preferably, if Figure 7 As shown, the receiving hole 134 includes an upper hole body adapted to the movable plate 132 and a lower hole body constructed as a truncated cone, and the large diameter end of the lower hole body is at the bottom and the small diameter end is at the top. Based on this, the probability of the adjustment rod 82 passing through the receiving hole 134 is increased, and the adjustment rod 82 is prevented from moving up and pressing the cover plate body 131.

[0105] Preferably, a connecting mechanism 133 is also provided on the housing 2, and the connecting mechanism 133 is used to connect the cover body 131. Based on this, when the cover 13 is pushed out of the through hole by the adjusting rod 82, the connecting rope 136 of the connecting mechanism 133 maintains the relative position of the cover 13, and also plays a guiding role when the cover 13 is reset.

[0106] Combined with the structure of the over-break and under-break detection equipment, the over-break and under-break detection is explained, that is, the over-break and under-break detection equipment measures the size including the following steps:

[0107] S01: The over-break and under-break detection equipment moves to the measurement location;

[0108] S02: Use a level meter to check the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection equipment;

[0109] S03: Detection is performed by detector 4;

[0110] Among them, in S02, if the degree of skew is within the design range, the detector 4 is adjusted through the ball joint mechanism, and then the measurement is performed by the detector 4; if the degree of skew exceeds the design range, among the adjustment mechanism and the ball joint mechanism, at least the adjustment mechanism is adjusted, and then the measurement is performed by the detector 4.

[0111] Based on the above design scheme, in S01, the driving module drives the over-break and under-break detection device to move until the over-break and under-break detection device moves to the measurement location.

[0112] In S02, according to the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection equipment, it is determined whether to start the adjustment mechanism, that is, the ball joint mechanism is preferentially adjusted to reduce the number of moving equipment during the detection process. However, when the degree of skewness is large, the adjustment mechanism is started in time to ensure the detection accuracy of the detector 4 and the construction quality.

[0113] In S03, the detector 4 performs relevant measurements.

[0114] Furthermore, generally, when the length of the drilling and blasting operation area is relatively long, the dimension measurement of the over-break and under-break detection equipment further includes S04: repeating S01-S03 until the detection is completed.

[0115] Combined with the structure of the adjustment mechanism, the adjustment is explained. The adjustment of the adjustment mechanism includes the following steps:

[0116] S01: the telescopic rod 10 is retracted, the coarse adjustment module 8 is started, and all the adjustment rods 82 are moved down until the additional plate 9 is in the lower position;

[0117] S02: at least one adjusting rod 82 moves downward, and the level meter measures the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection device until the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection device is within a first design range;

[0118] S03: at least one of the multiple fine adjustment modules 7 is started, and the level meter measures the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection device until the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection device is within the second design range;

[0119] S04: After the measurement is completed, the adjustment mechanism is reset.

[0120] Based on the above design scheme, in S01, the additional plate 9 is lowered to facilitate the operation of the fine adjustment module 7. At the same time, the adjustment rod 82 can abut against the bottom surface of the lower layer of the diversion tunnel to facilitate the rough adjustment operation.

[0121] In S02, the coarse adjustment is performed by adjusting the rod 82. In S03, the fine adjustment is performed by the fine adjustment module 7. The common point between the coarse adjustment and the fine adjustment is that since there are multiple fine adjustment modules 7 and coarse adjustment modules 8, multiple adjustments should be performed according to the feedback results of the level meter to ensure that the adjustment effect meets the requirements. The biggest difference between the two is that the requirements for adjustment accuracy are quite different, that is, the accuracy of the first design range is much smaller than the accuracy of the second design range.

[0122] In S04, reset is performed in time to protect the adjusting screw 72 and the threads on the base plate 1.

[0123] It is easy to understand that the over-excavation and under-excavation detection equipment is also provided with a control module, which is electrically connected to various components to control the operation of each component, familiarize the over-excavation and under-excavation detection equipment with automated operation, improve the degree of intelligence, and reduce manual participation.

[0124] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for excavating the lower layer of a diversion tunnel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S100 Excavation: Excavate downward from the bottom of the upper layer of the diversion tunnel to form the lower construction area; expand the excavation on both sides of the lower construction area to form the drilling and blasting operation area; S200 drilling and blasting: several pre-crack holes are arranged on the face of the drilling and blasting operation area; each pre-crack hole is charged and plugged; the detonation network is connected; and the detonation is initiated; S300 slag removal: clean up the slag by mechanical equipment; S400 chiseling: measure the size through the over-excavation and under-excavation detection equipment to obtain the measured value; Compare the measured value of the over-break and under-break detection equipment with the designed value to obtain the difference; Based on the difference, excavation work is performed.

2. The diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S200, the pre-crack holes are divided into peripheral holes, groove holes and auxiliary holes, and they are detonated in the order of peripheral holes, groove holes and auxiliary holes.

3. The diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S300, construction is carried out outward from the drilling and blasting operation area to form a slag discharge platform and a slag discharge track, and the slag discharge track connects the slag discharge platform with the outside world.

4. The diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In S400, the excavated slag is transported to the outside through the slag discharge platform and the slag discharge lane.

5. The diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In S400, the overbreak and underbreak detection device comprises a base plate (1), a housing (2), a wheel body (3) and a detector (4); The base plate (1) is connected to the housing (2) and is located inside the housing (2). A driving module and a level are provided on the base plate (1). The driving module has a plurality of output ends, each of which is respectively connected to a wheel body (3). Accordingly, the wheel body (3) is provided with a plurality of; A guide rail (5) is provided on the top surface of the housing (2), a slider (6) is provided on the guide rail (5), and the detector (4) is connected to the slider (6) via a ball joint mechanism.

6. The diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: An adjustment mechanism is provided on the base plate (1), and the adjustment mechanism comprises a fine adjustment module (7), a coarse adjustment module (8) and an additional plate (9); The fine adjustment module (7) comprises a first cylinder (71) inserted into the base plate (1), an adjustment screw (72) rotatably arranged in the first cylinder (71), and a first driver (73) connected to the first cylinder (71), wherein the output end of the first driver (73) is connected to the adjustment screw (72); an adjustment groove is provided on the first cylinder (71), the base plate (1) is connected to the adjustment screw (72) via the adjustment groove, the upper end of the first cylinder (71) is connected to the first driver (73), and the lower end of the first cylinder (71) is connected to the wheel body (3); The coarse adjustment module (8) comprises a second cylinder (81) penetrating the base plate (1), an adjustment rod (82) slidably arranged on the second cylinder (81), and a second driver connected to the second cylinder (81), wherein the output end of the second driver is connected to the adjustment rod (82) and is used to drive the adjustment rod (82) to slide along the second cylinder (81); The additional plate (9) is located below the base plate (1) and connected to the lower end of the adjusting rod (82). The additional plate (9) has an upper position for lifting the base plate (1) and a lower position for abutting against the bottom surface of the diversion hole. Accordingly, the adjusting rod (82) reciprocates to switch the positions of the additional plate (9). Correspondingly, a telescopic rod (10) is provided on the top surface of the housing (2), and an adaptable plugging hole is provided at the upper end of the adjusting rod (82).

7. The diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The base plate (1) has two opposite side edges, each of which is provided with two protruding parts, and correspondingly, each of which is provided with a fine adjustment module (7) and a coarse adjustment module (8).

8. The diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: A through hole is provided on the top surface of the housing (2), the through hole having two opposite side walls, the telescopic rod (10) is located on the housing (2), the working end of the telescopic rod (10) is passed through one of the side walls, and correspondingly, a limiting hole adapted to the telescopic rod (10) is provided on the other side wall; A bracket (11) is provided below the through hole, a blower (12) is provided on the bracket (11), and a cover plate (13) adapted to the through hole is provided on the top surface of the blower (12). Accordingly, when the adjusting rod (82) moves upward, the additional plate (9) is in the upper working position, and the upper end of the adjusting rod (82) is placed on the cover plate (13), so that the blower (12) moves upward to the outside of the housing (2) and toward the guide rail (5), and the plug-in hole of the adjusting rod (82) is coaxial with the limiting hole.

9. The diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The measurement of the size of the overbreak and underbreak detection equipment includes the following steps: S01: The over-break and under-break detection equipment moves to the measurement location; S02: Use a level to check the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection equipment; S03: Detection is performed by a detector (4); Among them, in S02, if the degree of skewness is within the design range, the detector (4) is adjusted through the ball joint mechanism, and then the detector (4) is measured; if the degree of skewness exceeds the design range, at least the adjustment mechanism among the adjustment mechanism and the ball joint mechanism is adjusted, and then the detector (4) is measured.

10. The diversion tunnel middle and lower layer excavation construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Adjustment of the adjustment mechanism includes the following steps: S01: the telescopic rod (10) is retracted, the coarse adjustment module (8) is activated, and all the adjustment rods (82) are moved down to the additional plate (9) to be in the lower working position; S02: at least one adjusting rod (82) moves downward, and a level meter measures the degree of skewness of the overbreak and underbreak detection device until the degree of skewness of the overbreak and underbreak detection device is within a first design range; S03: at least one of the plurality of fine adjustment modules (7) is started, and a level meter measures the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection device until the degree of skewness of the over-break and under-break detection device is within a second design range; S04: After the measurement is completed, the adjustment mechanism is reset.

Images