Intelligent hydrogen storage management system

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent hydrogen storage management system, and relates to the technical field of intelligent control. The system comprises a sensor part, a data analysis part, a performance evaluation part and a self-adaptive control part, the sensor part is used for acquiring operation data of the hydrogen storage system at the current time; the data analysis part is used for establishing a dynamic adsorption process model and a thermodynamic state model of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material according to the current time operation data; the performance evaluation part is used for calculating a performance index at the current time according to the dynamic adsorption process model and the thermodynamic state model; and the self-adaptive control part is used for automatically adjusting the pressure, the temperature and the hydrogen flow of the hydrogen storage system by using a proportional-integral adjusting mechanism according to the performance index at the current time. The hydrogen storage state can be calculated more accurately, the storage process is optimized, the storage efficiency is improved, and the stability and safety of the system are kept under different working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of intelligent control technology, and in particular to an intelligent hydrogen storage management system. Background Art

[0002] As a clean and efficient energy carrier, hydrogen energy is gradually becoming an important part of the future energy system. The high energy density and zero carbon emission characteristics of hydrogen energy make it show broad application prospects in the fields of fuel cells, energy storage, transportation and industrial applications. However, the high volatility, low density and storage problems of hydrogen at normal temperature and pressure have become the main technical bottlenecks for the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. In order to achieve efficient, safe and economical hydrogen storage and management, domestic and foreign researchers have conducted extensive research on the physical storage, chemical storage and material storage technology of hydrogen, and developed a variety of hydrogen storage management systems. However, the existing technology still has problems such as low storage efficiency, poor system stability, high energy consumption and insufficient intelligence, which cannot meet the needs of the development of the hydrogen energy industry. Therefore, the present invention aims at the shortcomings of the existing hydrogen storage management system and proposes an intelligent hydrogen storage management system, which can monitor, dynamically optimize and intelligently control the hydrogen storage process in real time to improve storage efficiency, enhance system stability and reduce operating costs.

[0003] At present, the storage methods of hydrogen mainly include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and solid-state hydrogen storage. Among them, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is the most common method, which compresses hydrogen to 35MPa or 70MPa and stores it in a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. However, this method has problems such as large energy loss, high material strength requirements and safety hazards. Due to the small size of hydrogen molecules, it is very easy to leak, and the permeation effect of high-pressure hydrogen in the material may cause hydrogen embrittlement of the hydrogen storage container, reducing the long-term service life of the hydrogen storage tank. Low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage technology liquefies hydrogen by cooling it to -253°C and stores it in an insulated container. Although this method can significantly improve the hydrogen storage density, due to the extremely low temperature requirements of liquid hydrogen, its preparation process requires a lot of energy consumption. At the same time, there is evaporation loss in liquid hydrogen, and a high hydrogen volatility rate will be generated when stored for a long time, which increases the operating cost. In addition, solid-state hydrogen storage technology has received widespread attention in recent years. It achieves efficient storage of hydrogen through the adsorption or chemical combination of materials such as metal hydrides, porous materials, and carbon nanotubes. Although this method is superior to the previous two methods in terms of safety and energy efficiency, its engineering application is still subject to certain restrictions due to the limited hydrogen storage capacity of hydrogen storage materials, slow hydrogen absorption and desorption rate, and strong temperature sensitivity. Therefore, current hydrogen storage technology still faces many challenges, and a more intelligent, efficient, and safe hydrogen storage management system is urgently needed to optimize the storage and release process of hydrogen and improve the efficiency of hydrogen energy utilization. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent hydrogen storage management system. The present invention realizes the intelligent upgrade of the hydrogen storage system through precise adsorption modeling, intelligent thermodynamic optimization, storage stability management based on performance evaluation, and adaptive control strategy. Compared with the traditional hydrogen storage management system, the present invention can more accurately calculate the storage state of hydrogen, optimize the storage process, improve storage efficiency, and maintain the stability and safety of the system under different working conditions. Through intelligent parameter optimization and control strategies, the present invention can not only effectively reduce energy consumption, but also improve the automation level of the system, reduce human intervention, and make the hydrogen storage system more efficient, intelligent and reliable.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way: An intelligent hydrogen storage management system, the system comprising: a sensor part, a data analysis part, a performance evaluation part and an adaptive control part; the sensor part is used to obtain the current operating data of the hydrogen storage system; the data analysis part is used to calculate the current maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage system according to the current operating data, and thereby establish a dynamic adsorption process model and a thermodynamic state model of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material; the performance evaluation part is used to calculate the performance index at the current time according to the dynamic adsorption process model and the thermodynamic state model; the adaptive control part is used to automatically adjust the pressure, temperature and hydrogen flow of the hydrogen storage system according to the current performance index using a proportional-integral regulation mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, the sensor part includes: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an adsorption amount sensor and a flow sensor; the current time operation data includes: the current time temperature in units of K , the current time pressure in Pa , the adsorption amount at the current time in mol / kg and the hydrogen flow rate at the current time in kg / s ; is the current time.

[0007] Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage system at the current time is calculated: ; in, The temperature at the current time and the current time maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material under the current time pressure; is the reference adsorption capacity under standard conditions, in mol / kg; is the temperature-dependent adsorption equilibrium constant, in 1 / Pa; is the adsorption enthalpy change, in J / mol; is the gas constant, which is 8.314 J / (mol·K); is the reference temperature, which is 298K; is the porosity of the hydrogen storage material; is the pore size, in nm; Reference pore size, in nm; Is the natural base.

[0008] Furthermore, the temperature-dependent adsorption equilibrium constant Calculated using the following formula: ; in, is the equilibrium constant at the reference temperature, in units of 1 / Pa; is the adsorption activation energy, and its unit is J / mol.

[0009] Furthermore, a dynamic adsorption process model of hydrogen in hydrogen storage materials is established through the following formula: ; in, is the adsorption rate constant; is the desorption rate constant; is the desorption activation energy, in J / mol; is the desorption enthalpy change, in J / mol; is the average adsorption amount at the current time.

[0010] Furthermore, , the unit is 1 / s; is the adsorption frequency factor, the unit is 1 / s, which is the set value; , unit 1 / s; is the desorption frequency factor, unit is 1 / s.

[0011] Furthermore, the thermodynamic state model of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material is established through the following formula: ; in, is the effective thermal conductivity, in W / (m·K); is the average density of hydrogen storage materials, in kg / m³; is the average specific heat capacity, in J / (kg·K); is the bulk density of the hydrogen storage material bed, in kg / m³; is the convective heat transfer coefficient, in W / (m²·K); is the heat exchange area of ​​the hydrogen storage material, in m²; is the volume of hydrogen storage material, in m³; is the ambient temperature, in K; is the critical temperature at the current time.

[0012] Furthermore, the performance index of the current time is calculated by the following formula: : ; in, is the first weight coefficient; is the second weight coefficient; is the third weight coefficient; ; is the average adsorption amount at the current time; is the maximum adsorption capacity at the reference temperature; For the best operating temperature.

[0013] Furthermore, the following formula is used to calculate the control parameters at the next time step based on the performance indicators at the current time using the proportional-integral regulation mechanism to automatically adjust the pressure, temperature and hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen storage system: ; in, Adjust the pressure of the hydrogen storage system for the next time step; Adjust the temperature of the hydrogen storage system for the next time step; Adjusting the hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen storage system for the next time step; is the pressure setting value; is the temperature setting value; Set the value for the hydrogen flow rate; is the pressure proportional control coefficient; is the temperature proportional control coefficient; is the hydrogen flow control coefficient; is the pressure integral control coefficient; is the temperature integral control coefficient; is the integral control coefficient of hydrogen flow; is the time-integrated variable.

[0014] The intelligent hydrogen storage management system of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The beneficial effects of the present invention are first reflected in the precise modeling of the adsorption process. The storage of hydrogen depends on the adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material, and the adsorption process is affected by many factors such as temperature, pressure and the microstructure of the hydrogen storage material. Traditional hydrogen storage systems often use static adsorption models, which cannot accurately describe the adsorption behavior of hydrogen under dynamic conditions, resulting in the inability to maximize the storage capacity. The present invention adopts a dynamic adsorption model based on temperature, pressure and material properties. The model can accurately predict the maximum adsorption capacity of hydrogen, and make real-time adjustments as environmental parameters change, so that the storage capacity of the hydrogen storage material can be fully utilized. This dynamic modeling method ensures that the system can maintain an efficient storage state under different working conditions, reducing the problem of decreased adsorption efficiency due to improper parameter settings.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention realizes the accurate calculation of temperature changes during hydrogen adsorption and desorption by constructing a thermodynamic state model. The adsorption of hydrogen is usually an exothermic process, while desorption requires the absorption of a certain amount of heat, so the temperature change directly affects the adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material. If the temperature is too high, the adsorption capacity of hydrogen will decrease, resulting in reduced storage efficiency; if the temperature is too low, the desorption rate of hydrogen may be limited, affecting the hydrogen supply capacity of the system. The thermodynamic state model established by the present invention can accurately calculate the temperature changes during hydrogen adsorption and desorption, and optimize the thermal management strategy of the hydrogen storage system in combination with the environmental heat exchange conditions, thereby ensuring that the hydrogen storage material is always within the optimal temperature range. Compared with traditional management systems that rely on fixed temperature control strategies, the intelligent temperature management mechanism of the present invention can better adapt to different working conditions, improve the energy efficiency of the system, reduce additional temperature control energy consumption, and make hydrogen storage more efficient and stable.

[0016] Another important beneficial effect of the present invention is that it optimizes the storage stability of hydrogen. During the hydrogen storage process, fluctuations in pressure and temperature will affect the equilibrium state of the adsorption and desorption processes. If improperly controlled, it may lead to rapid release of hydrogen or a reduction in storage efficiency, and even affect the safety of the system. The present invention uses a performance evaluation model to quantitatively analyze the current hydrogen storage state and introduces performance indicators to comprehensively measure the operation of the system. This performance indicator not only takes into account the storage efficiency of hydrogen, but also combines temperature deviation and dynamic stability, so that the system can accurately evaluate its own operating quality, thereby discovering and correcting possible abnormalities at an early stage. This optimization method based on performance indicators enables the hydrogen storage system to always remain in the best state during long-term operation, improves the safety and reliability of the system, and avoids the storage attenuation and efficiency reduction problems that may occur in traditional hydrogen storage systems during long-term operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the system structure of an intelligent hydrogen storage management system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present disclosure clearer and more understandable, the present disclosure is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present disclosure and are not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0019] Example 1, reference Figure 1 : An intelligent hydrogen storage management system, the system comprising: a sensor part, a data analysis part, a performance evaluation part and an adaptive control part; the sensor part is used to obtain the operating data of the hydrogen storage system at the current time; the data analysis part is used to calculate the maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage system at the current time according to the operating data at the current time, and thereby establish a dynamic adsorption process model and a thermodynamic state model of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material; the performance evaluation part is used to calculate the performance index at the current time according to the dynamic adsorption process model and the thermodynamic state model; the adaptive control part is used to automatically adjust the pressure, temperature and hydrogen flow of the hydrogen storage system according to the performance index at the current time using a proportional-integral control mechanism.

[0020] Specifically, in the intelligent hydrogen storage management system, the sensor part is the basis of the entire system. It is responsible for real-time acquisition of the operating data of the hydrogen storage system, ensuring that the system can accurately sense the state of the hydrogen storage material, and provide necessary information support for subsequent data analysis, performance evaluation and adaptive control. The core role of this part is to build a complete physical quantity perception network by monitoring temperature, pressure, adsorption amount and hydrogen flow rate, so that the system can dynamically adjust the hydrogen storage conditions and achieve efficient and safe intelligent management. The role of the temperature sensor in the system is particularly critical, because the adsorption and desorption process of hydrogen is extremely sensitive to temperature, and a slight change in temperature may cause a significant change in the adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material. Through a high-precision temperature sensor, the real-time temperature of the hydrogen storage material can be accurately measured, providing basic data for the calculation of parameters such as the adsorption equilibrium constant, maximum adsorption capacity and adsorption rate, so that the system can grasp the storage state of hydrogen in real time. In addition, temperature information is also used for thermodynamic state modeling to calculate the effect of adsorption heat release on material temperature, thereby optimizing thermal management strategies. The role of the pressure sensor is to measure the real-time pressure inside the hydrogen storage system. The adsorption behavior of hydrogen is directly affected by pressure. Under high pressure conditions, hydrogen molecules are more likely to enter the pores of the hydrogen storage material, thereby improving the storage capacity. Therefore, the data of the pressure sensor is not only used to calculate the maximum adsorption capacity at the current time, but can also be combined with temperature data for dynamic adsorption process modeling. The sensing accuracy of this part directly determines the reliability of the hydrogen storage system. Once the pressure measurement error is too large, it will lead to an incorrect estimation of the adsorption capacity and kinetic parameters, affecting the intelligent control effect of the entire system. The core function of the adsorption amount sensor is to measure the amount of hydrogen adsorbed by a unit mass of hydrogen storage material under current conditions. This data is an important indicator for measuring the state of hydrogen storage materials and is also the core variable for adsorption kinetics modeling. By real-time monitoring of the adsorption amount, the hydrogen transmission rate, adsorption equilibrium state, and hydrogen release rate during desorption can be calculated, providing key data for the performance evaluation part.

[0021] At the same time, the measurement results of the sensor can be used to evaluate the aging degree and service life of the hydrogen storage material. Once the adsorption amount is found to be abnormally attenuated, it means that the hydrogen storage material may be deteriorated and needs maintenance or replacement. The function of the hydrogen flow sensor is to monitor the flow of hydrogen in the storage system, including the flow rate during hydrogen injection and release, to ensure that the hydrogen storage system operates under optimal flow conditions. The flow data can be used to calculate the in and out rate of hydrogen, and combined with the change in the adsorption amount, the actual adsorption kinetics of the hydrogen storage material can be derived. In addition, this data is also an important input quantity for the adaptive control part. By controlling the hydrogen flow rate, the adsorption and desorption rates of the hydrogen storage material can be effectively adjusted to achieve precise intelligent control.

[0022] In the intelligent hydrogen storage management system, the data analysis part is the core computing unit of the entire system. It is responsible for parsing, modeling and calculating the raw data obtained by the sensor part to achieve accurate evaluation of the adsorption capacity of hydrogen storage materials and provide reliable data support for subsequent performance evaluation and adaptive control. Since the storage process of hydrogen involves complex thermodynamic equilibrium, gas-solid interaction and material microstructure characteristics, the data analysis part is not just a simple numerical processing of the measured data, but to build a complete set of physical-mathematical models so that the system can dynamically predict the changes in the adsorption performance of hydrogen storage materials based on real-time data and optimize hydrogen storage conditions, thereby improving the overall efficiency and stability of the system. This part first needs to calculate the maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material at the current time based on the temperature, pressure, adsorption amount and flow data. This is the key parameter that determines the upper limit of hydrogen storage and is also the basis for the subsequent dynamic adsorption modeling and control strategy formulation. In order to calculate the maximum adsorption capacity, the system must consider multiple factors, including the pore structure of the hydrogen storage material, the adsorption-desorption equilibrium state of hydrogen, and the influence of temperature and pressure on the adsorption behavior. In practical applications, the adsorption process of hydrogen can be described by the adsorption equilibrium constant, which changes with temperature and is affected by the adsorption enthalpy change and activation energy. Therefore, the data analysis part needs to calculate the adsorption equilibrium constant under the current environment based on the real-time temperature information provided by the temperature sensor, and combine the pressure information of hydrogen to derive the maximum adsorption capacity at the current time. The core of this calculation is to establish an adsorption isotherm model with variable temperature and pressure. The model must be able to accurately describe the adsorption behavior of hydrogen in hydrogen storage materials and be applicable to different types of hydrogen storage materials, so that the system has strong adaptability and generalization ability. In addition, in order to further improve the accuracy of the calculation, the data analysis part also needs to consider the effect of the pore size distribution of hydrogen storage materials on the adsorption capacity. Hydrogen storage materials are usually composed of porous structures, and the size of their microscopic pores determines the ease of entry and adsorption efficiency of hydrogen molecules. Therefore, when calculating the maximum adsorption capacity, it is necessary to introduce a pore size correction factor to characterize the effect of the microscopic pore structure on the adsorption capacity. This correction factor can be fitted through experimental data or theoretically derived based on the physical properties of the material, so that the model can accurately reflect the adsorption characteristics of different hydrogen storage materials under different working conditions. In addition to the calculation of the maximum adsorption capacity, the data analysis part also needs to establish a dynamic adsorption process model of hydrogen in hydrogen storage materials to describe the actual adsorption rate of hydrogen and the changes in storage state.

[0023] The adsorption process is not instantaneous, but a time-dependent process affected by temperature, pressure and material properties. Therefore, the data analysis part needs to construct a kinetic equation to describe the adsorption and desorption rates of hydrogen and predict the storage evolution trend of the system under different external conditions. The adsorption rate usually depends on the adsorption rate constant, which is greatly affected by temperature. Therefore, in the data analysis process, it is necessary to calculate the adsorption rate constant at the current time based on the real-time temperature data provided by the sensor, and combine the current hydrogen pressure and adsorption amount to derive the transmission rate of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material. In addition, since the desorption process of hydrogen is usually accompanied by energy release, the system also needs to calculate the desorption rate constant and combine the desorption activation energy and temperature data to predict the desorption behavior of hydrogen under different temperature and pressure conditions. In order to further improve the system's accurate characterization of the hydrogen storage state, the data analysis part also needs to establish a thermodynamic state model to describe the change of material temperature during the hydrogen adsorption-desorption process. During the adsorption process of hydrogen, due to the force between hydrogen molecules and the surface of the hydrogen storage material, heat is released during the adsorption process, thereby affecting the temperature distribution of the hydrogen storage material. Therefore, the data analysis part needs to combine the heat diffusion equation to simulate the temperature distribution of the hydrogen storage material and calculate the effect of adsorption heat release on temperature change. In addition, this part also needs to consider the heat exchange effect between the ambient temperature and the hydrogen storage material, that is, the convective heat exchange between the hydrogen storage system and the external environment to ensure the accuracy of the model. For the thermal management of hydrogen storage materials, the data analysis part not only needs to calculate the temperature increase caused by hydrogen adsorption heat release, but also needs to predict the temperature gradient distribution inside the material, and combine the heat conduction model to analyze the thermal diffusion process inside the material. These calculation results are crucial for optimizing the thermal management strategy of the system, because the change in temperature directly affects the adsorption capacity of hydrogen, and too high or too low temperature may cause the system performance to decline. Therefore, through the thermodynamic modeling of the data analysis part, it can provide optimization strategies for subsequent adaptive control to keep the system running within the optimal temperature range. In addition to establishing the dynamic adsorption process model and thermodynamic state model of hydrogen storage, the data analysis part also needs to pass these calculation results to the performance evaluation part to calculate the system performance indicators at the current time and provide a basis for optimized control.

[0024] In the intelligent hydrogen storage management system, the performance evaluation part plays a key role. It is responsible for quantitatively evaluating the current state of the hydrogen storage system and determining whether the system is in the best operating state by calculating comprehensive performance indicators. Since the storage process of hydrogen is affected by many factors, including temperature, pressure, adsorption capacity and thermodynamic state, the performance evaluation part must build a complete mathematical system to integrate these key variables to form a comprehensive analysis of the system operation. The core goal of this part is to provide a quantitative indicator so that the system can adjust the operating parameters in real time according to the indicator, thereby optimizing the storage efficiency of hydrogen, improving safety and extending the service life of hydrogen storage materials. The key to performance evaluation lies in how to accurately measure the adsorption capacity of the system, which involves the dynamic adsorption behavior of hydrogen, the physical properties of hydrogen storage materials and changes in the storage environment. Since the adsorption capacity of hydrogen storage materials is not constant, but dynamically adjusted with changes in temperature and pressure, the performance evaluation part needs to measure the storage efficiency of hydrogen based on the maximum adsorption capacity and current average adsorption amount calculated by the data analysis part. If the current average adsorption amount is close to the maximum adsorption capacity, it means that the system is in a good storage state. If there is a large deviation between the two, it means that the system may be in a metastable state, the adsorption process has not been fully carried out, or the desorption occurs too quickly, resulting in hydrogen loss.

[0025] On this basis, the performance evaluation part also needs to consider the impact of temperature on system performance. The storage of hydrogen is extremely sensitive to temperature. The exothermic effect generated during the adsorption process will cause the material temperature to rise, while the endothermic effect during the desorption process may cause the temperature to drop. Too high or too low temperature may affect the storage efficiency of hydrogen. Therefore, the performance evaluation part needs to calculate the deviation between the current temperature and the optimal operating temperature to ensure that the system can maintain operation within the optimal temperature range. If the temperature deviates too much from the optimal operating temperature, it will affect the adsorption equilibrium and reduce the hydrogen storage efficiency. In addition, the performance evaluation part also needs to consider the stability of the adsorption and desorption processes. The storage of hydrogen is not a static process, but a dynamic behavior affected by changes in external conditions. The adsorption and desorption rates of hydrogen storage materials must match the operating requirements of the system. If the adsorption rate is too fast or the desorption rate is too slow, hydrogen may not be fully stored or released in a short time, thus affecting the overall performance of the system. Therefore, the performance evaluation part needs to calculate the rate of change of the adsorption amount per unit time, and combine the temperature change trend to judge the stability of the system. If there are drastic fluctuations in the adsorption and desorption processes, it may indicate that the system is unstable and the operating parameters need to be adjusted to maintain smooth operation. On the other hand, the calculation results of the performance evaluation part also need to be able to guide the decision-making of the adaptive control part. Therefore, this part must output a comprehensive performance indicator that can be used for optimization and regulation. This indicator not only needs to reflect the current storage efficiency of hydrogen, but also needs to quantify the impact of temperature changes, while considering the dynamic characteristics of the adsorption and desorption processes. To this end, the performance evaluation part uses a weight distribution method to combine multiple key variables into a single performance evaluation value, and through a dynamic calculation method, it can reflect the system operating status in real time. The choice of weights needs to be adjusted according to the actual application requirements to ensure that the system can maintain the best operating state under different operating conditions.

[0026] In the intelligent hydrogen storage management system, the adaptive control part is the key link to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system operation. The main task of this part is to adjust the operating parameters of the hydrogen storage system in real time based on the data collected by the sensor, the calculation results of the data analysis part and the system status information provided by the performance evaluation part, so that it is always in the optimal storage state. Since the adsorption and desorption process of hydrogen is coupled by factors such as temperature, pressure, and flow, the traditional fixed parameter control method is difficult to adapt to the complex and changeable operating environment. The adaptive control method adopted by the present invention can achieve efficient and safe hydrogen storage under different working conditions through real-time calculation and dynamic adjustment. The core control strategy of this part is based on the proportional-integral (PI) adjustment mechanism, which can calculate the appropriate control amount according to the current system state error, thereby dynamically adjusting the storage parameters of hydrogen. The basic principle of control is that when the performance indicators of the system deviate from the optimal state, the adaptive control part can detect this deviation and quickly calculate the appropriate adjustment strategy to correct key variables such as temperature, pressure and hydrogen flow, so that they gradually return to the optimal value. The role of proportional control is to directly adjust the control amount according to the size of the current error, so as to quickly respond to changes in the system state, while integral control is used to accumulate errors over a period of time in the past to avoid the system being in a non-optimal state for a long time and to ensure the stability and accuracy of the control adjustment. Since the hydrogen storage process involves the coupled changes of multiple variables, the adaptive control part is not just a simple adjustment of a single parameter, but it is necessary to optimize the three variables of temperature, pressure and flow at the same time, so that they can be coordinated with each other to achieve the best storage effect. Temperature control is crucial because the adsorption and desorption rates of hydrogen are extremely sensitive to temperature. If the temperature is too high, the hydrogen storage material may not be able to fully adsorb hydrogen, and if the temperature is too low, it may make it difficult to release hydrogen.

[0027] Therefore, the adaptive control part needs to calculate a reasonable adjustment plan based on the real-time temperature change trend, and keep the hydrogen storage material within the optimal operating temperature range by controlling the heating or cooling system. At the same time, pressure regulation is equally important, because the amount of hydrogen adsorption increases with the increase of pressure, but too high pressure may cause changes in the physical structure of the material, affecting its long-term performance. Therefore, the adaptive control part needs to calculate the impact of pressure on adsorption capacity in real time, and automatically adjust the pressure according to storage requirements, so that it can maximize the hydrogen storage capacity and ensure the safety of the system and the stability of the material. In addition, the control of hydrogen flow is also crucial to maintaining the dynamic balance of the storage process. When the system needs to store hydrogen, the adaptive control part needs to calculate the appropriate hydrogen injection rate to ensure that the adsorption process proceeds smoothly, and when the system needs to release hydrogen, it needs to accurately control the hydrogen outflow rate to avoid short-term pressure fluctuations affecting the stability of the system. Through precise control of the flow, the adaptive control part can optimize the use efficiency of hydrogen while maintaining the balance of the system and improve the energy utilization of the overall system. It is worth noting that the adaptive control part does not rely solely on data from a single point in time for control, but uses a dynamic adjustment method to predict the operating trend of the system in the future based on historical data and real-time calculation results, and make adjustments in advance. This predictive control method can effectively improve the response speed of the system and avoid reduced storage efficiency or system instability due to hysteresis effects. In practical applications, the calculation results of this part also need to be continuously optimized to adapt to different operating environments, such as different hydrogen storage materials, different external temperature conditions or different operating requirements.

[0028] Embodiment 2: The sensor part includes: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an adsorption amount sensor and a flow sensor; the current time operation data includes: the current time temperature in units of K , the current time pressure in Pa , the adsorption amount at the current time in mol / kg and the hydrogen flow rate at the current time in kg / s ; is the current time.

[0029] Specifically, the role of the temperature sensor is to monitor the temperature of the hydrogen storage material in real time. This parameter directly affects the adsorption capacity and desorption rate of hydrogen. The adsorption process of hydrogen is usually an exothermic reaction, while the desorption is an endothermic process. Therefore, temperature changes not only determine the storage efficiency of hydrogen, but also affect the stability of the hydrogen storage material. Through precise temperature measurement, the system can identify whether overheating occurs during the adsorption process, or whether it is necessary to optimize the adsorption and desorption behavior by adjusting the temperature. The pressure sensor is used to measure the real-time pressure inside the hydrogen storage system. , changes in pressure directly affect the adsorption equilibrium of hydrogen. Generally speaking, higher pressure helps to increase the amount of hydrogen adsorption, but exceeding the material's bearing capacity may cause structural deformation or even performance degradation of hydrogen storage materials. Therefore, accurate measurement and real-time monitoring of pressure are essential to ensure the safety and stability of the system. In addition, pressure data combined with temperature data can be used to calculate the adsorption equilibrium constant , and the maximum adsorption capacity of hydrogen in hydrogen storage materials is derived , thereby providing key input for the data analysis part.

[0030] The function of the adsorption sensor is to measure the amount of hydrogen adsorbed per unit mass of hydrogen storage material under current conditions. , this data is the core indicator for judging the current storage capacity of the system. Since the amount of hydrogen adsorption is affected by temperature, pressure and the microstructure of the material, real-time monitoring of the adsorption amount can reflect the actual working state of the hydrogen storage material and be used to evaluate the dynamic changes of the adsorption process. Combined with the adsorption amount data, the system can establish a hydrogen adsorption kinetic model, calculate the adsorption rate and desorption rate to predict future hydrogen storage trends, and provide an optimization decision-making basis for the adaptive control part. Flow sensors are used to measure the flow rate of hydrogen in the storage system. , whose unit is , this data is crucial for controlling the inlet and outlet rates of hydrogen. When hydrogen is stored, the flow data can be used to calculate the injection rate of hydrogen, and combined with the adsorption data to deduce the adsorption rate of the hydrogen storage material; when hydrogen is released, the flow data can be used to determine the dynamic process of hydrogen desorption, ensuring that the system can stably release hydrogen at a set rate, avoiding pressure fluctuations or energy loss due to too fast or too slow release. Through the data fusion of these four types of sensors, the system can build a complete real-time operating status monitoring network, allowing the intelligent hydrogen storage management system to dynamically adapt to different operating conditions and optimize the safety and efficiency of hydrogen storage.

[0031] Example 3: Calculating the maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage system at the current time: ; in, The temperature at the current time and the current time maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material under the current time pressure; is the reference adsorption capacity under standard conditions, in mol / kg; is the temperature-dependent adsorption equilibrium constant, in 1 / Pa; is the adsorption enthalpy change, in J / mol; is the gas constant, which is 8.314 J / (mol·K); is the reference temperature, which is 298K; is the porosity of the hydrogen storage material; is the pore size, in nm; Reference pore size, in nm; Is the natural base.

[0032] Specifically, in the intelligent hydrogen storage management system, calculating the maximum adsorption capacity of hydrogen storage materials is a key step in optimizing the operation of the system. Directly determines the hydrogen storage system at the current temperature and pressure The amount of hydrogen that can be stored under normal conditions affects the overall operating efficiency of the system. In order to ensure the accuracy of the calculation, the present invention adopts an improved adsorption model, which comprehensively considers the adsorption behavior of hydrogen, the physical properties of hydrogen storage materials and thermodynamic factors, so that it can be applied to different storage conditions and ensure that the system is always in the optimal working state. The core part of this calculation formula is derived from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which is used to describe the adsorption process of hydrogen on the surface of hydrogen storage materials. First, the standard adsorption capacity in the formula Represents the standard conditions ( , ) is the maximum adsorption capacity of hydrogen storage materials under this condition. This is a reference value determined by experiment. Different hydrogen storage materials have different The adsorption capacity of hydrogen is affected by temperature and pressure, so its maximum adsorption capacity will vary under different working conditions.

[0033] In order to characterize the effect of pressure on adsorption behavior, the formula includes a ratio , which comes from the Langmuir adsorption equilibrium model and is used to describe the degree of hydrogen adsorption on hydrogen storage materials. It is the temperature-dependent adsorption equilibrium constant, which indicates the tendency of hydrogen molecules to be adsorbed onto the surface of the hydrogen storage material at a specific temperature. When the pressure is low, the adsorption amount is approximately proportional to the pressure, and when the pressure increases, the adsorption sites of the hydrogen storage material are gradually filled, so that the adsorption amount tends to saturation. The physical meaning of this part is that the storage capacity of hydrogen increases with increasing pressure within a certain range, but when the adsorption sites are close to saturation, continuing to increase the pressure has limited effect on improving the hydrogen storage capacity. Therefore, this ratio term can well characterize the adsorption state of hydrogen storage materials under different pressures.

[0034] In addition, adsorption is a thermodynamic process that is affected by temperature. Hydrogen adsorption is usually an exothermic reaction, so an increase in temperature will inhibit adsorption, while a decrease in temperature will facilitate adsorption. In order to quantitatively describe this effect, an exponential correction factor is included in the formula , which is based on the van'tHoff equation and is used to describe the effect of temperature change on adsorption behavior. It is the adsorption enthalpy change, which indicates the energy released per unit mole of hydrogen during the adsorption process. It is usually a negative value, which means that energy is released during adsorption, while additional energy input is required during desorption. is a standard thermodynamic constant, which normalizes the energy change and keeps the calculation results within a reasonable numerical range. Above reference temperature When the temperature is lower than When , the value of the exponential term increases, indicating that the adsorption capacity is enhanced. This correction factor ensures that the calculation results can accurately reflect the effect of temperature on adsorption behavior, making the model more consistent with actual working conditions.

[0035] In addition to the effects of pressure and temperature, the microstructure of hydrogen storage materials is also a key factor in determining adsorption capacity. In order to describe the effect of pore structure on hydrogen storage capacity, a correction factor is introduced into the formula ,in represents the porosity of the hydrogen storage material, and and Represent the actual pore size and reference pore size of the hydrogen storage material respectively. The role of this correction term is that as the pore size increases, the adsorption capacity of hydrogen will be affected, because too large a pore size may reduce the adsorption energy of hydrogen molecules on the surface of the material, making it easier to desorb. When the pore size is small, the material has a larger specific surface area and a stronger adsorption capacity, but if the pore size is too small, hydrogen molecules may find it difficult to enter the interior of the material, thereby reducing storage efficiency. Therefore, this correction factor can effectively describe the adsorption capacity of hydrogen storage materials with different pore structures under different conditions, making the calculation model more accurate and able to adapt to different types of hydrogen storage materials.

[0036] Example 4: Temperature dependence of adsorption equilibrium constant Calculated using the following formula: ; in, is the equilibrium constant at the reference temperature, in units of 1 / Pa; is the adsorption activation energy, and its unit is J / mol.

[0037] Specifically, in the intelligent hydrogen storage management system, the adsorption equilibrium constant It is a key parameter to describe the adsorption capacity of hydrogen on the surface of hydrogen storage materials. It determines the adsorption tendency of hydrogen under different temperature conditions and directly affects the calculation of the maximum adsorption capacity. Since the adsorption behavior of hydrogen is greatly affected by temperature changes, accurately describing the temperature-dependent adsorption equilibrium constant is crucial for optimizing the hydrogen storage process and improving system efficiency. In order to accurately model, the present invention adopts an exponential temperature dependence relationship and calculates it through an Arrhenius expression. , ensuring that it can accurately characterize the adsorption characteristics of hydrogen storage materials. The basis of this calculation method comes from the thermodynamic equilibrium theory, that is, the kinetic equilibrium of the adsorption-desorption process at different temperatures can be described by the relationship between the intermolecular interaction energy and temperature. Represents the reference temperature The adsorption equilibrium constant under , which is used to quantify the adsorption capacity of a specific hydrogen storage material under standard conditions. Different hydrogen storage materials have different This parameter is usually determined experimentally and is related to factors such as the surface properties, pore structure, and intermolecular forces of hydrogen.

[0038] In this calculation formula, the adsorption equilibrium constant The trend with temperature is given by the exponential term The adsorption activation energy here is It reflects the energy barrier that hydrogen molecules need to overcome when adsorbing on the surface of hydrogen storage materials, and the unit is , which describes the energy change experienced by the hydrogen molecule during the adsorption process. If the value is larger, it means that the interaction between hydrogen molecules and hydrogen storage materials is stronger, which means that the material has a stronger ability to adsorb hydrogen. If the value is smaller, it indicates that the adsorption of hydrogen is more easily affected by temperature and may be rapidly desorbed at higher temperatures. The value is , which is used to normalize the relationship between adsorption activation energy and temperature so that the calculation results are consistent with thermodynamic theory. The structure of the exponential term is derived from the Arrhenius formula, which describes the trend of adsorption rate constant with temperature. In this formula, the reciprocal difference of temperature change It reflects the relative changes of the adsorption process at different temperatures. Above reference temperature When , this term is negative, which reduces the exponential term and thus reduces the adsorption equilibrium constant. , which indicates that the adsorption capacity of hydrogen decreases at high temperatures. Lower than When , this term is positive, which increases the exponential term and thus improves , which indicates that the adsorption capacity of hydrogen is enhanced at low temperatures. The physical significance of this formula is that it can accurately describe the effect of temperature on adsorption equilibrium, so that the system can dynamically adjust the storage strategy of hydrogen according to actual working conditions. For example, at lower temperatures, The larger the value, the stronger the hydrogen storage material's ability to adsorb hydrogen. At this time, the input pressure of hydrogen can be appropriately increased to maximize the storage capacity. At higher temperatures, It becomes smaller, indicating that the adsorption tends to decrease. At this time, the system may need to lower the temperature or adjust the pressure to avoid excessive desorption of hydrogen and maintain a stable storage state.

[0039] Example 5: A dynamic adsorption process model of hydrogen in hydrogen storage materials is established by the following formula: ; in, is the adsorption rate constant; is the desorption rate constant; is the desorption activation energy, in J / mol; is the desorption enthalpy change, in J / mol; is the average adsorption amount at the current time.

[0040] Specifically, the core of the model is to describe the hydrogen storage material in time. The average adsorption amount at the time The rate of change over time, , which represents the amount of hydrogen adsorbed or released by the hydrogen storage material per unit time. If the adsorption amount increases, it means that more hydrogen molecules enter the microporous structure of the hydrogen storage material and are adsorbed by the material; if the adsorption amount decreases, it means that some hydrogen molecules desorb from the surface or pores of the material and enter the gas phase. Therefore, the left side of the equation It directly reflects the dynamic storage characteristics of hydrogen inside the hydrogen storage material. The first term on the right side of the equation represents the adsorption rate of hydrogen, where is the adsorption rate constant, which describes the adsorption rate of hydrogen at the current temperature. The rate at which the hydrogen is adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material. Represents the adsorption driving force of the current system, that is, the actual adsorption amount of the hydrogen storage material Its maximum possible adsorption capacity If the hydrogen storage material is not yet saturated (i.e. ), the driving force is greater and the hydrogen adsorption rate is faster; on the contrary, when near When the adsorption reaches saturation, the adsorption rate decreases. Therefore, this term describes how the hydrogen adsorption process changes with the saturation degree of the hydrogen storage material and reflects the nonlinear characteristics of the dynamic adsorption process.

[0041] The second term on the right side of the equation represents the desorption rate of hydrogen, where is the desorption rate constant, which describes the rate at which hydrogen is released from the hydrogen storage material. The desorption process is usually greatly affected by temperature because the desorption of hydrogen requires energy input to enable the hydrogen molecules to overcome the adsorption barrier of the hydrogen storage material and enter the gas phase. Therefore, increases with increasing temperature, which means that high temperature is conducive to hydrogen desorption, while low temperature desorption is slower. This indicates that the desorption rate is proportional to the adsorption amount of the current hydrogen storage material, that is, the greater the adsorption amount, the higher the desorption rate, which is consistent with the actual physical phenomenon. In order to further accurately describe the temperature dependence of the desorption rate, the present invention introduces an exponential factor in the desorption term , where the desorption enthalpy change It represents the energy change when hydrogen is desorbed from the hydrogen storage material. It is usually a positive value and the unit is . This exponential term is derived from the Arrhenius formula and is used to describe how the desorption rate changes with temperature. When the temperature is high, the value of the exponential term is large, which means the desorption rate is fast; when the temperature is low, the value of the exponential term is small, which means that hydrogen is more difficult to desorb from the hydrogen storage material. This part ensures that the model can accurately reflect the release characteristics of hydrogen under different temperature conditions, thereby guiding the intelligent control system to optimize the storage and release strategy of hydrogen. In addition, in this formula represents the desorption activation energy, that is, the minimum energy that hydrogen molecules need to overcome to be released from the surface or pores of the hydrogen storage material. The size of this parameter depends on the chemical composition, pore size and strength of the adsorption site of the hydrogen storage material. If the value is higher, it means that the interaction between hydrogen and the material is stronger, the desorption process is more difficult, and a higher temperature or longer time is required to achieve desorption; if A lower temperature means that hydrogen is easier to release, so desorption can be completed at a lower temperature. This part is crucial for optimizing the hydrogen storage system, because in practical applications, it is necessary to select appropriate temperature control strategies according to different hydrogen storage materials to balance the rates of adsorption and desorption, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0042] Embodiment 6: , the unit is 1 / s; is the adsorption frequency factor, the unit is 1 / s, which is the set value; , unit 1 / s; is the desorption frequency factor, unit is 1 / s.

[0043] Specifically, the calculation of the adsorption rate constant follows the Arrhenius relationship, that is, ,in is the adsorption frequency factor, which represents the theoretical maximum adsorption rate at the high temperature limit, and its unit is This value is usually determined experimentally and depends on the physicochemical properties of the hydrogen storage material. reflects the trend of adsorption rate changing with temperature, among which the adsorption activation energy It represents the energy barrier that hydrogen molecules need to overcome when adsorbing onto the surface of hydrogen storage materials, in units of Gas Constant Value , which is used to normalize the relationship between energy and temperature. The physical meaning of this formula is that as the temperature As the value of the exponential term increases, the value of It also decreases, indicating that high temperature is not conducive to the adsorption of hydrogen. This is consistent with the exothermic characteristics of the adsorption process: when the temperature is high, hydrogen molecules tend to remain in the gas phase rather than being adsorbed on the hydrogen storage material, resulting in a decrease in the adsorption rate; conversely, when the temperature is low, hydrogen molecules are more easily adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material, and the adsorption rate increases accordingly. Therefore, this relationship accurately describes the effect of temperature on the adsorption process, allowing the system to adjust the storage strategy according to changes in ambient temperature to optimize the storage efficiency of hydrogen. Similarly, the desorption rate constant is also calculated using the Arrhenius formula, that is ,in is the desorption frequency factor, which indicates the theoretical maximum desorption rate, in units of , whose value is related to the microstructure of the hydrogen storage material and the binding strength of hydrogen on the surface of the material. It represents the energy barrier that hydrogen molecules need to overcome when releasing from the surface of hydrogen storage materials. This value is usually greater than the adsorption activation energy. , because desorption usually requires a higher energy input. The physical meaning of this formula is that as the temperature As the value of the exponential term increases, It also increases, indicating that high temperature is conducive to the desorption of hydrogen. This is consistent with the endothermic characteristics of the desorption process: when the temperature is high, hydrogen molecules obtain enough energy to overcome the adsorption barrier, making it easier to desorb into the gas phase; when the temperature is low, the desorption process is inhibited and hydrogen is more difficult to release from the hydrogen storage material. Therefore, this formula accurately describes the effect of temperature on the desorption process, allowing the system to adjust the temperature as needed to control the release rate of hydrogen.

[0044] Example 7: A thermodynamic state model of hydrogen in a hydrogen storage material is established by the following formula: ; in, is the effective thermal conductivity, in W / (m·K); is the average density of hydrogen storage materials, in kg / m³; is the average specific heat capacity, in J / (kg·K); is the bulk density of the hydrogen storage material bed, in kg / m³; is the convective heat transfer coefficient, in W / (m²·K); is the heat exchange area of ​​the hydrogen storage material, in m²; is the volume of hydrogen storage material, in m³; is the ambient temperature, in K; is the critical temperature at the current time.

[0045] Specifically, the core of this thermodynamic model is to describe the critical temperature Over time The rate of change of This differential term represents the change in the temperature of the hydrogen storage material per unit time. It is affected by internal heat transfer, adsorption heat release, and convection heat transfer. The three terms on the right correspond to these three influencing factors. The first term of the equation Describes the thermal conduction behavior of hydrogen in hydrogen storage materials, where the effective thermal conductivity Reflects the internal thermal diffusion capacity of the material, in units of . This term is based on Fourier's law of heat conduction, is the Laplace operator of temperature gradient, which describes the spatial distribution of temperature inside the material. When the temperature distribution of hydrogen storage material is uneven, heat diffuses inside the material through conduction, making the temperature gradually uniform. is the average density of hydrogen storage material (unit: ), is the average specific heat capacity (unit: ), which measures the degree of temperature change when a material absorbs or releases a unit of heat. This ensures that the model can accurately describe the heat conduction effect inside the material, allowing the system to predict the temperature change trend at different locations.

[0046] The second term of the equation It represents the exothermic or endothermic effect of hydrogen adsorption or desorption. is the bulk density of the hydrogen storage material bed, in units of , which describes the overall density distribution of hydrogen storage materials in the system. is the adsorption enthalpy change, in , which represents the heat released when each mole of hydrogen molecules is adsorbed onto the hydrogen storage material. Since the adsorption of hydrogen is usually an exothermic reaction, during the adsorption process, the temperature will increase, and during the desorption process, the temperature will decrease because hydrogen desorption requires energy. It represents the rate of change of hydrogen adsorption per unit time, that is, the current rate of adsorption or desorption. This term ensures that the model can accurately reflect the temperature change trend of the hydrogen storage material during the adsorption-desorption process, so that the system can predict the temperature fluctuation caused by the storage or release of hydrogen and adopt corresponding control strategies. The third term of the equation Describes the convective heat transfer process between the hydrogen storage material and the environment, where the convective heat transfer coefficient (unit: ) represents the heat exchange rate between hydrogen and the surrounding environment. is the heat exchange area of ​​the hydrogen storage material (unit: ),and is the volume of the hydrogen storage material (unit: ), which together determine the heat exchange capacity between the material and the environment. is the ambient temperature in , which is used to measure the impact of the external environment on the temperature of the hydrogen storage material. Above ambient temperature When the temperature is too high, the heat will be dissipated through convection, causing the temperature to gradually decrease; conversely, when the ambient temperature is high, the hydrogen storage material will absorb heat from the environment, causing the temperature to rise. This item ensures that the model can take into account the heat dissipation of the hydrogen storage system, and dynamically adjust the operating state of the system in combination with changes in external temperature to maintain the thermal stability of the hydrogen storage process. The thermodynamic state model proposed in this embodiment completely describes the dynamic changes in temperature during the hydrogen storage process, covering the heat conduction inside the material, the adsorption / desorption exothermic effect, and the influence of environmental convection heat transfer. Compared with the traditional fixed temperature assumption, this model can more accurately describe the thermal evolution process of hydrogen storage materials under actual working conditions, and provide reliable prediction data for intelligent control systems. Through real-time calculation Based on the changing trend of the temperature, the system can optimize the temperature control strategy to avoid the decrease of hydrogen storage capacity due to excessively high temperature, or the limitation of desorption process due to excessively low temperature. In addition, the model can also provide theoretical support for the cooling and heating strategies of the system, so that the intelligent hydrogen storage management system can adaptively adjust the storage temperature under different environmental conditions, thereby improving the overall operation efficiency and safety.

[0047] Example 8: Calculate the performance index of the current time using the following formula: : ; in, is the first weight coefficient; is the second weight coefficient; is the third weight coefficient; ; is the average adsorption amount at the current time; is the maximum adsorption capacity at the reference temperature; For the best operating temperature.

[0048] Specifically, the first term of the formula Used to measure the storage efficiency of hydrogen. is the current time The average adsorption capacity indicates the hydrogen storage level of the hydrogen storage material in the current state; is the reference temperature and reference pressure The maximum adsorption capacity under the condition of is used to normalize the adsorption amount, so that the calculation results are independent of the specific storage scale. The physical meaning of this term is that when Approaching When , it means that the storage efficiency of the system is close to the theoretical optimal value, and the performance index On the contrary, if Much smaller than , it means that the hydrogen storage efficiency is low and the system may need to optimize the adsorption conditions, such as adjusting the temperature, pressure or flow rate. Reflecting the importance of adsorption in the overall performance evaluation, its value is usually higher to ensure that the hydrogen storage capacity contributes more to the performance index. Used to measure the degree of deviation of system temperature. is the current temperature, is the optimum operating temperature, which indicates the temperature setting value of the system at the optimal adsorption efficiency, and is the critical temperature at the current time, indicating the reference standard for the temperature extreme value. The physical meaning of this term is that when near When , this term approaches zero, indicating that the temperature condition is ideal; but when keep away When the temperature deviates from the optimal condition, the absolute value of this term increases, indicating that the adsorption efficiency may decrease or the system operation may be unstable. Make It decreases when the temperature deviates from the optimal value, thus guiding the system to take regulatory measures, such as adjusting the heating or cooling strategy. It reflects the impact of temperature on overall performance, and its value is usually moderate to balance the relationship between storage efficiency and temperature regulation. It is used to measure the dynamic stability of the hydrogen storage process. It indicates the time rate of change of the adsorption amount, which is used to reflect the severity of the adsorption rate; It is the normalized form of temperature deviation, indicating the relative degree of deviation of the current temperature from the optimal temperature. The physical meaning of this item is that if the hydrogen adsorption rate changes too fast or the temperature fluctuates too much, the system may become unstable, so the value of this item increases, thereby reducing , alerting the system to take optimization measures. Integral operator This allows the item to accumulate fluctuations over a longer time scale, ensuring that the system can take historical data into account for regulation. The influence of this item is controlled, and its value is usually small to avoid excessively suppressing changes in the adsorption rate while ensuring the stability of the system operation. Overall, the performance index calculation formula combines the three aspects of adsorption efficiency, temperature deviation and dynamic stability, so that the intelligent hydrogen storage management system can comprehensively evaluate the current operating status and make adjustments when necessary. Compared with the traditional single parameter evaluation method, the calculation model of the present invention is more comprehensive and adaptable, and can maintain the efficiency and stability of hydrogen storage under different storage conditions. By adjusting the performance indicators Through calculation, the system can dynamically optimize storage parameters during the automatic control process to ensure that the hydrogen storage process can maintain high efficiency while avoiding instability caused by temperature fluctuations or rapid rate changes, thereby improving the intelligence level and practical application value of the entire system.

[0049] Embodiment 9: The following formula is used to calculate the control parameters at the next time step according to the performance index at the current time using the proportional-integral regulation mechanism to automatically adjust the pressure, temperature and hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen storage system: ; in, Adjust the pressure of the hydrogen storage system for the next time step; Adjust the temperature of the hydrogen storage system for the next time step; Adjusting the hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen storage system for the next time step; is the pressure setting value; is the temperature setting value; Set the value for the hydrogen flow rate; is the pressure proportional control coefficient; is the temperature proportional control coefficient; is the hydrogen flow control coefficient; is the pressure integral control coefficient; is the temperature integral control coefficient; is the integral control coefficient of hydrogen flow; is the time-integrated variable.

[0050] Specifically, the core of this control strategy is to use a combination of proportional regulation (P) and integral regulation (I) for closed-loop control. The proportional regulation term can quickly respond to the current system deviation and provide real-time adjustment, while the integral regulation term eliminates long-term steady-state errors by accumulating historical deviations, ensuring that the system can gradually approach the optimal operating state. The left side of the entire control equation represents the next time step. The setting parameter at the moment, that is, the pressure ,temperature and hydrogen flow , while the right side consists of three parts: the set value of the previous time step, the proportional adjustment item, and the integral adjustment item.

[0051] Part I Represents the system at time This ensures that the calculation of the next time step is fine-tuned based on the current setting value rather than completely resetting the parameters, thus ensuring the continuity and stability of the system. represents proportional regulation (P), where , , They are the proportional control coefficients of pressure, temperature and hydrogen flow, which determine the sensitivity of the current performance index to the control parameters. The physical meaning of this item is, Represents the comprehensive performance index of the system. When its partial derivative with respect to a certain control variable is large, it means that the variable has a significant impact on the system performance, so a large adjustment is required. Proportional control can quickly respond to the current system deviation and improve the dynamic adjustment ability of the system. For example, if the current system temperature deviates from the optimal operating temperature Too big, then Also larger, resulting in The adjustment range is increased, so that the temperature regulation can be quickly restored to the optimal state. Part III represents integral regulation (I), where , , are the integral control coefficients of pressure, temperature, and hydrogen flow, respectively. The function of this item is to accumulate past errors and correct the long-term deviation of the system. The physical meaning of the integral term is that simple proportional regulation may cause the system to be unable to completely eliminate steady-state errors in some cases, while the integral term can make the system eventually stable by accumulating errors. For example, in the long-term operation process, if the system pressure setting value is If the pressure keeps deviating from the optimal range, then the integral term It will continue to accumulate and eventually correct the pressure setting value to make it approach the optimal state.

[0052] Overall, the control model adopts PI compound regulation. Compared with the traditional method that only relies on proportional control or open-loop control, the present invention can more accurately adjust the operating parameters of the hydrogen storage system and improve the hydrogen storage efficiency and system stability. In particular, since the adsorption and desorption process of hydrogen is affected by the complex nonlinearity of temperature and pressure, the present invention introduces performance index gradient information , , To guide the control strategy, so that the system can respond quickly and accurately, and maintain efficient operation under dynamic conditions. Compared with traditional hydrogen storage management methods, the control strategy of the present invention has the following advantages: Real-time dynamic adjustment: Utilizing proportional-integral regulation, it is possible to adaptively optimize pressure, temperature and flow according to the current state and historical state of the system to achieve precise control. Comprehensive optimization performance: Based on the performance index gradient calculation, the adjustment range of each control variable depends on the degree of its impact on the system performance, making the regulation more intelligent and efficient. Eliminate long-term errors: The integral term ensures that the system will not deviate from the optimal state for a long time, improves the stability of long-term operation, and avoids energy loss and efficiency reduction. Avoid sudden adjustment: Compared with control strategies that rely solely on proportional regulation, the PI composite regulation of the present invention can reduce sudden changes in parameter adjustments and ensure the smoothness of the regulation process, thereby reducing the mechanical and thermal stresses of the system.

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereby. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and essence of the present disclosure shall be within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. Intelligent hydrogen storage management system, characterized in that: The system includes: a sensor part, a data analysis part, a performance evaluation part and an adaptive control part; the sensor part is used to obtain the operating data of the hydrogen storage system at the current time; the data analysis part is used to calculate the maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage system at the current time according to the operating data at the current time, and thereby establish a dynamic adsorption process model and a thermodynamic state model of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material; the performance evaluation part is used to calculate the performance index at the current time according to the dynamic adsorption process model and the thermodynamic state model; the adaptive control part is used to automatically adjust the pressure, temperature and hydrogen flow of the hydrogen storage system according to the performance index at the current time using a proportional-integral regulation mechanism.

2. The intelligent hydrogen storage management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor part includes: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an adsorption amount sensor and a flow sensor; the current time operation data includes: the current time temperature in units of K , the current time pressure in Pa , the adsorption amount at the current time in mol / kg and the hydrogen flow rate at the current time in kg / s ; is the current time.

3. The intelligent hydrogen storage management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calculate the current maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage system: ； in, The temperature at the current time and the current time maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material under the current time pressure; is the reference adsorption capacity under standard conditions, in mol / kg; is the temperature-dependent adsorption equilibrium constant, in 1 / Pa; is the adsorption enthalpy change, in J / mol; is the gas constant, which is 8.314 J / (mol·K); is the reference temperature, which is 298K; is the porosity of the hydrogen storage material; is the pore size, in nm; Reference pore size, in nm; Is the natural base.

4. The intelligent hydrogen storage management system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Temperature dependence of adsorption equilibrium constant Calculated using the following formula: ； in, is the equilibrium constant at the reference temperature, in units of 1 / Pa; is the adsorption activation energy, and its unit is J / mol.

5. The intelligent hydrogen storage management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dynamic adsorption process model of hydrogen in hydrogen storage materials is established through the following formula: ； in, is the adsorption rate constant; is the desorption rate constant; is the desorption activation energy, in J / mol; is the desorption enthalpy change, in J / mol; is the average adsorption amount at the current time.

6. The intelligent hydrogen storage management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: , the unit is 1 / s; is the adsorption frequency factor, the unit is 1 / s, which is the set value; , unit 1 / s; is the desorption frequency factor, unit is 1 / s.

7. The intelligent hydrogen storage management system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thermodynamic state model of hydrogen in hydrogen storage materials is established through the following formula: ； in, is the effective thermal conductivity, in W / (m·K); is the average density of hydrogen storage materials, in kg / m³; is the average specific heat capacity, in J / (kg·K); is the bulk density of the hydrogen storage material bed, in kg / m³; is the convective heat transfer coefficient, in W / (m²·K); is the heat exchange area of ​​the hydrogen storage material, in m²; is the volume of hydrogen storage material, in m³; is the ambient temperature, in K; is the critical temperature at the current time.

8. The intelligent hydrogen storage management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The performance index of the current time is calculated by the following formula : ； in, is the first weight coefficient; is the second weight coefficient; is the third weight coefficient; ; is the average adsorption amount at the current time; is the maximum adsorption capacity at the reference temperature; For the best operating temperature.

9. The intelligent hydrogen storage management system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following formula is used to calculate the control parameters at the next time step based on the performance indicators at the current time using the proportional-integral regulation mechanism to automatically adjust the pressure, temperature and hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen storage system: ； in, Adjust the pressure of the hydrogen storage system for the next time step; Adjust the temperature of the hydrogen storage system for the next time step; Adjusting the hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen storage system for the next time step; is the pressure setting value; is the temperature setting value; Set the value for the hydrogen flow rate; is the pressure proportional control coefficient; is the temperature proportional control coefficient; is the hydrogen flow control coefficient; is the pressure integral control coefficient; is the temperature integral control coefficient; is the integral control coefficient of hydrogen flow; is the time-integrated variable.

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