System and method for detecting thermal runaway event in battery pack

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a sensing system including a sensor positioned within a housing of a battery pack, a fan positioned proximate the sensor, a plurality of conduits each connected between the fan and the battery pack, and a control unit connected to the fan and the sensor. And the control unit is configured to control the fan to extract gas and / or particles generated in the battery pack through the plurality of pipelines and control the fan to throw the extracted gas and / or particles onto the sensor. The sensor is configured to detect a change in one or more physical stimuli associated with the battery pack based on the extracted gas and / or particles. Thereafter, the control unit is configured to detect an occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack based on a change in the detection in the one or more physical stimuli.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 593,601, filed on October 27, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of battery management systems, and in particular, to a gas sensing system and method for detecting a thermal runaway event in a battery pack of a vehicle. Background Art

[0003] In recent years, large battery packs, such as lithium-ion battery (LIB) packs, have become critical to the operation of electric vehicle (EV) (e.g., truck trailers, tractor trailers, delivery vehicles, and other commercial vehicles) due to their high energy density, long life cycle, and low self-discharge rate. For example, the LIB pack provides the power source that drives the electric motor of the electric vehicle, ultimately propelling the electric vehicle.

[0004] In order to efficiently manage large battery packs and ensure optimal performance and life, (multiple) battery management systems (BMS) are developed. The BMS safeguards the LIBs from potential damage or danger due to overcharging, undercharging, overheating, short circuits, thermal runaway, etc. For example, in the event of a thermal runaway event, the BMS shuts down the LIBs.

[0005] However, a common problem associated with BMS is thermal runaway of large battery packs. If not addressed, thermal runaway of large battery packs can potentially lead to fire or explosion. The main problem associated with BMS is that during a thermal runaway event, the BMS is not always turned on and cannot shut down the LIB in such a situation. Therefore, the BMS may not be able to detect dangerous situations that may occur due to a thermal runaway event. In such dangerous situations, it is necessary to provide an early warning related to a LIB fire to the operator or driver of the EV.

[0006] Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide a technical solution that can overcome the problems associated with BMS and can provide an operator or driver of an EV with early warnings associated with LIB fires. Summary of the invention

[0007] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described in the detailed description of the invention. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention, nor is it intended to determine the scope of the invention.

[0008] A sensing system is disclosed, which includes at least one sensor positioned within a housing of a battery pack, a fan positioned near the at least one sensor, a plurality of ducts, and a control unit. Each of the plurality of ducts has a plurality of suction points and is connected between the fan and the battery pack. The control unit is connected to the fan and the at least one sensor. The control unit is configured to control the fan to extract the gas and / or particles generated in the battery pack through the plurality of ducts. In addition, the control unit is configured to control the fan to throw the extracted gas and / or particles onto at least one sensor. At least one gas sensor is configured to detect changes in one or more physical stimuli associated with the battery pack based on the extracted gas and / or particles. Thereafter, the control unit is configured to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack based on the detected changes in the one or more physical stimuli.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, in order to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack, the control unit is configured to determine whether the detected concentration of the gas exceeds a predefined threshold concentration level. In addition, the control unit is configured to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway event based on determining that the detected concentration of the gas exceeds the predefined threshold concentration level.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the one or more physical stimuli correspond to one or more of a gas concentration, a particle concentration, a temperature, a pressure, and a humidity of the extracted gas and / or particles. In addition, to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack, the control unit is configured to determine whether the particles generated in the battery pack exceed a predefined threshold concentration level. In addition, the control unit is configured to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway event based on determining that the particles generated in the battery pack exceed a predefined threshold concentration level.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, each pipe of the plurality of pipes is one of a flexible pipe or a rigid pipe.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the battery pack includes a plurality of unit battery elements, and a corresponding duct among the plurality of ducts is connected between the fan and a corresponding unit battery element among the plurality of unit battery elements.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, a corresponding conduit of the plurality of conduits has a plurality of suction points at each of the first end and the second end of the corresponding conduit or along the length of the corresponding conduit.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the sensing system further includes an alarm. The control unit is further configured to control the alarm to generate an alarm when the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack is detected.

[0015] In addition, a method for detecting a thermal runaway event in a battery pack is disclosed herein. The method is performed by a sensing system, which includes at least one sensor positioned within a housing of the battery pack, a fan positioned near at least one sensor, a plurality of pipes, and a control unit. Each of the plurality of pipes has a plurality of suction points and is connected between the fan and the battery pack. The control unit is connected to the fan and at least one sensor. The method includes controlling the fan through the plurality of pipes by the control unit to extract the gas and / or particles generated in the battery pack. The method further includes controlling the fan to throw the extracted gas and / or particles onto at least one sensor by the control unit. In addition, the method includes detecting changes in one or more physical stimuli associated with the battery pack based on the extracted gas and / or particles by at least one sensor. Thereafter, the method includes detecting the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack based on changes in the detection of one or more physical stimuli by the control unit.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in a battery pack, the method includes determining, by a control unit, whether the detected concentration of the gas exceeds a predefined threshold concentration level. In addition, the method includes detecting, by the control unit, the occurrence of a thermal runaway event based on determining that the detected concentration of the gas exceeds the predefined threshold concentration level.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, the one or more physical stimuli correspond to one or more of a gas concentration, a particle concentration, a temperature, a pressure, and a humidity of the extracted gas and / or particles. In addition, to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack, the method includes determining, by the control unit, whether the particles generated in the battery pack exceed a predefined threshold concentration level. In addition, the method includes detecting, by the control unit, the occurrence of a thermal runaway event based on determining that the particles generated in the battery pack exceed a predefined threshold concentration level.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, the sensing system further includes an alarm, and the method further includes controlling the alarm to generate an alarm by the control unit upon detecting the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack.

[0019] In order to further clarify the advantages and features of the method and apparatus, a more particular description of the method and apparatus will be presented by reference to its specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. It is recognized that these figures only depict typical embodiments of the present disclosure and therefore will not be considered to limit its scope. The present invention will be described and explained with additional particularity and detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] These and other features, aspects and advantages will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals represent like parts throughout the figures, and in which: Figure 1 An example diagram showing a tractor trailer system including a battery pack; Figure 2 showing a perspective view of a sensing system for detecting a thermal runaway event in a battery pack; Figure 3 Show Figure 2 An example schematic diagram of the corresponding pipeline; and Figure 4 A flow chart illustrating a method performed by a sensing system for detecting a thermal runaway event in a battery pack.

[0021] Furthermore, the skilled artisan will recognize that the elements in the figures are shown for simplicity and may not necessarily be drawn to scale. For example, a flow chart shows a method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help improve understanding of aspects of the present invention. Furthermore, with respect to the construction of a device, one or more components of the device may be represented in the figures with conventional symbols, and the figures may show only those specific details relevant to understanding embodiments of the present invention, lest the figures be obscured by details that would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the description herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] It should be understood from the outset that although illustrative implementations of the embodiments are shown below, any number of techniques may be used to implement the methods and apparatus. The present disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques shown below (including the exemplary designs and implementations shown and described herein), but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims and their full scope of equivalents.

[0023] As used herein, the terms "some" and "one or more" are defined as "one, or more than one, or all." Thus, the terms "one," "more than one" but not all, or "all" would all fall under the definition of "some." The term "some embodiments" may mean no embodiments or one embodiment or several embodiments or all embodiments. Thus, the terms "some embodiments" and "one or more embodiments" are defined to mean "one embodiment, or more than one embodiment, or all embodiments."

[0024] The terms and structures employed herein are used to describe, teach, and illustrate some embodiments and their specific features and elements, and are not intended to limit, restrict, or narrow the spirit and scope of the claims or their equivalents.

[0025] More specifically, any terms used herein, such as but not limited to "includes", "comprising", "having", "having" and grammatical variations thereof, do not specify exact limitations or restrictions, and certainly do not exclude the possible addition of one or more features or elements, unless otherwise stated, and must not be considered to exclude the possible removal of one or more of the listed features and elements, unless otherwise stated in the restrictive language of "must include" or "required to include".

[0026] The term "unit" used herein may imply a unit including, for example, one of hardware, software, and firmware, or a combination of two or more of them. "Unit" may be used interchangeably with terms such as logic, logic block, component, circuit, etc. A "unit" may be a minimum system component for performing one or more functions, or may be a part thereof.

[0027] Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, and in particular any technical and / or scientific terms, may be considered to have the same meaning as commonly understood by one skilled in the art.

[0028] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the term "tractor-trailer system" may be used interchangeably with "vehicle system," the term "tractor" may be used interchangeably with "vehicle," and the term "battery pack" may be used interchangeably with "lithium-ion battery (LIB) pack" or "power battery pack" without any departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 1 An example diagram of a tractor-trailer system 100 including a battery pack 107 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The tractor-trailer system 100 includes a tractor 101 and a trailer 103. The trailer 103 can be coupled to the tractor 101 and thus towed or propelled by the tractor 101 to a desired destination. The trailer 103 is generally configured to store Figure 1 The tractor 101 includes an electronic control unit (ECU) 105, a battery pack 107, a cab 109 for a driver of the tractor 101, and a direct current (DC) architecture 111. The tractor 101 also includes a battery box housing 201 (e.g., Figure 2 ), and internal combustion engines ( Figure 1 101 ), the internal combustion engine is part of the power train or drive system of the tractor 101.

[0031] The ECU 105 may include a transceiver and an antenna that are communicatively coupled to one or more components of the tractor-trailer system 100. In particular, one or more components of the tractor-trailer system 100 may be connected to each other via an on-board network, such as a controller area network (CAN) bus. The ECU 105 may be configured to communicate with a cloud server and / or one or more other vehicles via a wireless communication network. The ECU 105 may include suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, and / or code that may be configured to process vehicle data for driver assistance. According to an embodiment, the ECU 105 may be configured to receive vehicle data from one or more connected vehicles in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication via a wireless communication system. The ECU 105 may also include one or more circuits, such as a microprocessor or controller, that may be configured to perform one or more operations associated with a battery management system (BMS).

[0032] The battery pack 107 is an energy source fixed to the lower side of the bottom wall of the trailer 103 (eg Figure 1 ). Examples of battery pack 107 may include a group of batteries, fuel cells, and other battery packs capable of storing and outputting electrical energy (which may be DC energy). Battery pack 107 is configured to provide power to tractor 101 during driving periods. Battery pack 107 can be configured to charge when connected to a power source. Battery pack 107 is configured to charge using an alternating current (AC) source (e.g., a remote power station or an outlet that receives power from a utility grid). In addition, battery pack 107 includes a plurality of unit cell elements (217a, 217b, 217c, 217d, 217e, ..., and 217n), as described later in Figure 2 Displayed in.

[0033] The DC architecture 111 is configured to provide a power supply from the battery pack 107 to one or more components of the tractor 101 , wherein any component of the tractor 101 does not require power in AC or mechanical form.

[0034] Figure 2A perspective view of a sensing system 200 for detecting a thermal runaway event in a battery pack 107 according to one or more embodiments disclosed herein is shown. The sensing system 200 includes a control unit 203, a fan 207, a plurality of ducts (T-209a, T-209b, T-209c, T-209d, T-209e, ..., and T-209n) (i.e., collectively referred to as ducts 209), a sensor 211, and an alarm 213. The sensing system 200 is coupled to a battery pack housing 201 (also referred to as "battery housing 201") including a BMS 205. Each of the control unit 203, the fan 207, the plurality of ducts (T-209a, T-209b, T-209c, T-209d, T-209e, ..., and T-209n), and the sensor 211 is installed adjacent to the battery pack 107 within the battery pack housing 201.

[0035] The alarm 213 is connected to the control unit 203. The control unit 203 is connected to the fan 207 and the sensor 211. Each of the plurality of pipes (T-209a, T-209b, T-209c, T-209d, T-209e, ..., and T-209n) is one of a small flexible pipe or a small rigid pipe. In an exemplary embodiment, a corresponding pipe among the plurality of pipes (T-209a, T-209b, T-209c, T-209d, T-209e, ..., and T-209n) is connected between the fan 207 and a corresponding unit cell element among the plurality of unit cell elements (217a, 217b, 217c, 217dc, 217e, ..., and 217n). The arrangement and connection of the fan 207 and the corresponding pipes between the corresponding unit battery elements among the multiple unit battery elements (217a, 217b, 217c, 217dc, 217e, ..., 217n) form a micro suction system, which reaches each of the unit battery elements (217a, 217b, 217c, 217dc, 217e, ..., 217n) and is connected back to the sensor 211 in front of the battery pack 107.

[0036] The control unit 203 may perform one or more operations or method steps, as discussed throughout this disclosure. The control unit 203 may include any processing hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software, and may perform control, logic, and / or input / output operations. Examples of the control unit 203 may include, but are not limited to, an arithmetic logic unit or processor that performs arithmetic and logic operations, control operations, and implements input / output instructions. The control unit 203 is configured to control various components of the sensing system 200. In addition, the control unit 203 may essentially be a completely independent computing system that includes multiple cores or processors, buses, memory controllers, caches, etc. (such as a system on a chip). The control unit 203 is configured to digitally communicate with the BMS 205 or other such supervisory control system installed in the battery pack housing 201 or the tractor trailer system 100.

[0037] The BMS 205 calculates the charge in each of the unit cell elements (217a, 217b, 217c, 217dc, 217e, ..., and 217n) of the battery pack 107 and tracks the individual element voltages so that the BMS 205 can signal the controller of the ECU 105 whether the charging or discharging of the battery pack 107 needs to be temporarily stopped in order to avoid an imbalance in the state of charge between the battery elements. The BMS 205 can also typically send data corresponding to the battery terminal voltage, estimated charge, remaining battery level, and / or possible other battery data to the controller of the ECU 105. In particular, in the event of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack 107, the BMS 205 protects the battery pack 107 from potential damage or danger due to overcharging, undercharging, overheating, short circuiting, etc. by disconnecting all active connections of the battery pack 107.

[0038] The fan 207 is positioned near the sensor 211. In a non-limiting example, the sensor 211 may include at least one gas sensor, a particle sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, etc. Figure 2 As can be seen, the sensor 211 is positioned on the front surface of the battery pack 107 adjacent to the battery pack 107 in the battery pack housing 201 (also referred to as the "housing of the battery pack 107"). The control unit 203 is configured to control the fan 207 to extract the gas generated in the battery pack 107 through a plurality of ducts (T-209a, T-209b, T-209c, T-209d, T-209e, ..., T-209n). In addition, the control unit 203 is configured to control the fan 207 to throw the extracted gas onto the sensor 211.

[0039] The sensor 211 may be configured to detect changes in one or more physical stimuli associated with the battery pack 107. In a non-limiting example, the one or more physical stimuli may correspond to one or more of a gas concentration, a particle concentration, a temperature, a pressure, and a humidity level associated with gases and / or particles generated in the battery pack 107. In addition, the control unit 203 is configured to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack 107 based on the changes in the one or more physical stimuli detected by the sensor 211.

[0040] In one or more embodiments, in order to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack 107, the control unit 203 is configured to determine whether the detected concentration of the gas exceeds a predefined threshold concentration level. In addition, if it is determined that the detected concentration of the gas exceeds the predefined threshold concentration level, the control unit 203 detects the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack 107.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, in order to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack 107, the control unit 203 is configured to determine whether the particles generated in the battery pack 107 exceed a predefined threshold concentration level. In addition, if it is determined that the particles generated in the battery pack 107 exceed the predefined threshold concentration level, the control unit 203 detects the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack 107.

[0042] In an embodiment, upon detecting the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack 107, the control unit may be further configured to control the alarm 213 to generate an alarm to alert the driver of the tractor trailer system 100. In a non-limiting example embodiment, the alarm 213 can be configured to be installed in one of the cab 109 or outside the battery pack housing 201. In another non-limiting example embodiment, the alarm 213 may also be placed or installed anywhere in or around the tractor 101 or trailer 103.

[0043] Figure 3 Show Figure 2 An example schematic diagram of the corresponding pipeline 209. Figure 3, a corresponding pipe among the plurality of pipes (T-209a, T-209b, T-209c, T-209d, T-209e, ..., T-209n) has a plurality of suction points (301a, 301b, 301c, 301d, ..., 301n). In a first example embodiment, a corresponding pipe among the plurality of pipes (T-209a, T-209b, T-209c, T-209d, T-209e, ..., T-209n) may have a suction point 303 at an end point 305 of the corresponding pipe. In another example embodiment, a corresponding tube among the plurality of tubes (T-209a, T-209b, T-209c, T-209d, T-209e, ..., T-209n) may have a plurality of suction points (303a, 303b, 303c, 303d, ..., 303n) along the length of the corresponding tube and / or on the sealed end of the corresponding tube. In an example embodiment, the battery pack housing 201 may also have one or more suction points for reference measurement.

[0044] Figure 4 A flow chart of a method 400 performed by a sensing system for detecting a thermal runaway event in a battery pack 107 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The method 400 is performed by components of the sensing system 200.

[0045] At step 401 of method 400 , the control unit 203 controls the fan 207 to extract the gas and / or particles generated in the battery pack 107 through a plurality of ducts (T- 209a , T- 209b , T- 209c , T- 209d , T- 209e , . . . , T- 209n ).

[0046] At step 403 , the control unit 203 controls the fan 207 to throw the extracted gas and / or particles onto the gas sensor among the sensors 211 .

[0047] At step 405 , a gas sensor among sensors 211 detects changes in one or more physical stimuli associated with battery pack 107 based on the extracted gases and / or particles thrown by fan 207 .

[0048] At step 407, the control unit 203 determines whether the detected change in the one or more physical stimuli exceeds a predefined threshold concentration level. If it is determined at step 407 that the detected change in the one or more physical stimuli exceeds the predefined threshold concentration level, then at step 409, the control unit 203 detects the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack 107.

[0049] In addition, if it is determined at step 407 that the detected change in one or more physical stimuli does not exceed a predefined threshold concentration level, the process of method 400 returns to (step 401) again, and method steps 401 to 407 are repeated until the control unit 203 determines that the detected concentration of the gas exceeds a predefined threshold concentration level.

[0050] Furthermore, once the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack 107 is detected, the flow of the method 400 proceeds to step 411. At step 411, the control unit 203 controls the alarm 213 to generate an alarm to warn the driver of the tractor trailer system 100 about the occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack 107.

[0051] In view of one or more embodiments as described above, the sensing system 200 disclosed above provides various technical effects and benefits, including helping to identify and detect fire / thermal runaway events in the battery pack 107. In addition, the sensing system 200 is a single sensor system that can be placed within the housing of the battery pack 107. In addition, using the fan 207, the micro suction system with small ducts, and the control unit 203, the sensing system 200 can effectively detect thermal runaway / fire events located in any part of the battery pack 107. In addition, using the alarm 213, the sensing system 200 can protect the driver from accidents that may be caused by thermal runaway / fire events in the battery pack 107.

[0052] As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, various working modifications may be made to the methods in order to implement the inventive concepts as taught herein.

[0053] In addition, the actions of any flow chart do not have to be implemented in the order shown; not all actions need to be performed. In addition, those actions that are not dependent on other actions can be performed in parallel with other actions.

[0054] The accompanying drawings and the above description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that one or more of the elements described may be well combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be divided into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, the order of the processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein.

[0055] The benefits, other advantages and solutions to problems are described above with respect to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any (multiple) components that may make any benefit, advantage or solution appear or become more obvious are not to be construed as key, required or essential features or components of any or all claims.

Claims

1. A sensing system comprising: at least one sensor positioned within the housing of the battery pack; a fan positioned proximate to the at least one sensor; a plurality of ducts, wherein each of the plurality of ducts has a plurality of suction points and is connected between the fan and the battery pack; and a control unit connected to the fan and the at least one sensor, wherein the control unit is configured to: controlling the fan to extract the gas and / or particles generated in the battery pack through the plurality of pipes; controlling the fan to throw the extracted gases and / or particles toward the at least one sensor, wherein the at least one sensor is configured to detect a change in one or more physical stimuli associated with the battery pack based on the extracted gases and / or particles; and An occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack is detected based on the detected change in the one or more physical stimuli.

2. The sensing system according to claim 1, wherein: In order to detect the occurrence of the thermal runaway event in the battery pack, the control unit is configured to: determining whether the detected concentration of the gas exceeds a predefined threshold concentration level; and The occurrence of the thermal runaway event is detected based on determining that the detected concentration of the gas exceeds the predefined threshold concentration level.

3. The sensing system according to claim 1, in, The one or more physical stimuli correspond to one or more of gas concentration, particle concentration, temperature, pressure and humidity of the extracted gas and / or the particles, and Wherein, in order to detect the occurrence of the thermal runaway event in the battery pack, the control unit is configured to: determining whether the particles generated in the battery pack exceed a predefined threshold concentration level; and The occurrence of the thermal runaway event is detected based on determining that the particles generated in the battery pack exceed the predefined threshold concentration level.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: Each pipe of the plurality of pipes is one of a flexible pipe or a rigid pipe.

5. The sensing system according to claim 1, wherein: The battery pack includes a plurality of unit battery elements, and A corresponding duct among the plurality of ducts is connected between the fan and a corresponding unit cell element among the plurality of unit cell elements.

6. The sensing system according to claim 1, wherein: The corresponding one of the plurality of pipes has the plurality of suction points at each of a first end and a second end of the corresponding pipe or along a length of the corresponding pipe. 7 . The sensing system of claim 1 , further comprising an alarm, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the alarm to generate an alarm upon detecting the occurrence of the thermal runaway event in the battery pack.

8. A method for detecting a thermal runaway event in a battery pack, the method comprising: In the sensing system, the sensing system includes: at least one sensor positioned within the housing of the battery pack; a fan positioned near the at least one sensor; a plurality of ducts each having a plurality of suction points and connected between the fan and the battery pack; and a control unit connected to the fan and the at least one sensor: Controlling the fan by the control unit to extract the gas and / or particles generated in the battery pack through the plurality of pipes; Controlling the fan by the control unit to throw the extracted gas and / or particles onto the at least one sensor; detecting, by the at least one sensor, a change in one or more physical stimuli associated with the battery pack based on the extracted gases and / or particles; and An occurrence of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack is detected by the control unit based on the detected change in the one or more physical stimuli.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: In order to detect the occurrence of the thermal runaway event in the battery pack, the method includes: determining, by the control unit, whether the detected concentration of the gas exceeds a predefined threshold concentration level; and The occurrence of the thermal runaway event is detected by the control unit based on determining that the detected concentration of the gas exceeds the predefined threshold concentration level.

10. The method according to claim 8, in, The one or more physical stimuli correspond to one or more of gas concentration, particle concentration, temperature, pressure and humidity of the extracted gas and / or particles, and Wherein, in order to detect the occurrence of the thermal runaway event in the battery pack, the method includes: determining, by the control unit, whether the particles generated in the battery pack exceed a predefined threshold concentration level; and The occurrence of the thermal runaway event is detected by the control unit based on determining that the particles generated in the battery pack exceed the predefined threshold concentration level.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein The sensing system further includes an alarm, and The method further comprises: Upon detecting the occurrence of the thermal runaway event in the battery pack, the alarm is controlled by the control unit to generate an alarm.

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