Turning, laser cladding and polishing integrated machining method for rotary workpiece

Abstract

The invention discloses a turning, laser cladding and polishing integrated machining method for a rotary workpiece. The turning, laser cladding and polishing integrated machining method comprises the following steps that S1, equipment is constructed; s2, drying the powder; s3, protection is carried out; s4, positioning and aligning; s5, turning treatment is carried out; s6, surface pretreatment; s7, carrying out laser cladding; s8, cooling and solidifying; s9, turning and polishing treatment are carried out; s10, protection is carried out after ending; and S11, performing performance testing. The turning, laser cladding and cylindrical grinding procedures of the rotary parts are integrated together, so that repeated disassembly and clamping are avoided, the trouble that workpieces are transferred to the laser cladding procedure after turning and then transferred to a lathe after laser cladding is avoided, time is saved, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the production cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, the problem that the rotary workpieces do not meet the machining requirement due to repeated clamping of the parts is solved, and remarkable social and economic benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and in particular to an integrated processing method for turning, laser cladding and polishing a rotary workpiece. Background Art

[0002] Before laser cladding, rotating workpieces need to be surface turned to make the surface of the rotating workpiece reach a certain clean state to prepare for the next laser cladding process. After the laser cladding process, turning and polishing processes are required. The traditional process requires multiple disassembly and clamping when laser cladding rotating workpieces. The workpiece is transferred to the laser cladding equipment after turning, and then to the lathe after laser cladding. The work efficiency is low and the production cost is high. In addition, multiple clamping can easily cause different clamping angles, making the rotating workpiece not meet the processing requirements.

[0003] During the laser cladding, polishing and turning process, the workpiece is prone to dust and water vapor. If there is water vapor during the laser cladding process, it will affect the quality of laser cladding, and may cause defects such as pores and cracks in the cladding layer, thus affecting the overall quality and performance of the laser cladding layer. In addition, water vapor will react with the metal at high temperature to form oxides, which will adhere to the surface of the cladding layer, affecting the quality and appearance of the cladding layer, and even causing equipment damage and even safety accidents. If there is dust during the turning process, it will lead to a decrease in processing accuracy, increase the surface roughness of the workpiece, and reduce the dimensional accuracy; it will also affect the sealing performance and operating efficiency of the machine tool, and may even cause machine tool failure, affecting production efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new processing method that can integrate turning, laser cladding and polishing to improve the work efficiency of processing rotary workpieces, but there has been no relevant public reports so far. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated processing method for turning, laser cladding and polishing of rotary workpieces, which can effectively solve the problems of multiple disassembly and clamping required for laser cladding of rotary workpieces, resulting in low work efficiency, high production costs and workpieces that do not meet the requirements.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is a method for integrated machining of rotary workpiece turning, laser cladding and polishing, comprising the following steps: S1. Equipment construction: The laser cladding equipment is located above the lathe. The lathe includes a base, a headstock and a tailstock mounted on both ends of the base, and a chuck mounted on the headstock. Two parallel and spaced guide rails are arranged horizontally on the upper side of the base. The tool holder device and the polishing device are respectively mounted on the two guide rails. A guide plate inclined toward one side of the guide rail is arranged between the two guide rails. The bottom of the tool holder device, the polishing device and the laser cladding equipment are respectively equipped with a first protective cover, a second protective cover and a third protective cover. The lathe, the tool holder device, the polishing device and the laser cladding equipment are all connected to a PLC controller to form an automatic control structure. S2. Powder drying: Screen the alloy powder, remove impurities, heat and dry it in an inert gas environment, and store it in a vacuum seal after cooling for standby use; S3, protection: the bottom of the tool holder device, the polishing device and the laser cladding equipment are protected by a first protective cover, a second protective cover and a third protective cover respectively; S4. Positioning and alignment: Clamp one end of the rotary workpiece on the chuck and tighten the other end with the tailstock to align the concentricity, check the original specifications and dimensions, and check them against the drawings; S5, turning processing: turning parameters are set on the PLC controller, the turning tool holder device moves left and right along the guide rail, and the rotary workpiece is turned. The limit is set by the parameters on the PLC controller to complete the turning process. The bottom of the polishing device and the laser cladding equipment are protected by the second protective cover and the third protective cover respectively. The waste chips generated during the turning process are recovered to the waste chip and waste powder collection device along the inclined guide plate; S6. Surface pretreatment: Wipe the area to be clad of the rotating workpiece with alcohol to remove rust and oil to ensure the bonding between the subsequent cladding layer and the substrate; S7, laser cladding: When laser cladding is performed on a rotating workpiece, the third protective cover at the bottom of the laser cladding equipment is opened, and the tool holder device and the polishing device are moved to the rear, and protected by the first protective cover and the second protective cover respectively. After checking and confirming the concentricity, the laser cladding parameters are set on the PLC controller, and the laser cladding is started according to the predetermined program. The waste powder generated during the laser cladding process is recovered to the waste powder collection device along the inclined guide plate; S8, cooling and solidification: cooling and solidifying the rotating workpiece after laser cladding to ensure the performance and quality of the cladding layer. At this time, the bottom of the tool holder device, the polishing device and the laser cladding equipment are protected by the first protective cover, the second protective cover and the third protective cover respectively; S9, turning and polishing: Turn and polish the rotating workpiece after cladding. After checking and confirming the concentricity, set the turning parameters and polishing parameters on the PLC controller. The tool holder device moves left and right along the guide rail to turn the rotating workpiece, leaving a processing allowance. Then the polishing device moves left and right along the guide rail to polish the rotating workpiece. The turning process is in the front and the polishing process is in the back, and they are carried out simultaneously. After the tool holder device retracts the tool to complete the turning process, the polishing device continues to polish until the polishing process is completed. The waste chips generated during the processing are recovered to the waste chip and waste powder collection device along the inclined guide plate. After turning and polishing, use a dial indicator / micrometer to check the concentricity of the plunger, use a finish tester to check the surface finish of the plunger, and use a laser interferometer to check the surface flatness of the plunger. Check that all indicators meet the requirements of the drawing. S10, after completion, protection: the bottoms of the tool holder device, the polishing device and the laser cladding equipment are protected by a first protective cover, a second protective cover and a third protective cover respectively; the tool holder device and the polishing device are moved to the tailstock; S11. Performance test: The obtained cladding layer was subjected to performance tests: (1) Salt water test: the surface was covered with cotton cloth soaked in 5% NaCl salt water for 24 hours; (2) Nondestructive testing was performed to check whether the cladding layer had cracks; (3) The neutral salt spray test method specified in GB / T 10125-2012 was used to verify the processability of the product. The test conditions were: precipitation salt concentration: (50±5) g / L NaCL; salt spray test chamber temperature: (35±2)°C; salt spray precipitation rate: (1.0~2.0) ml / (80cm 2 ·h); pH value of sedimentation salt solution (25℃±2℃): 6.5~7.2; Salt spray time: 240 hours; (4) The metallographic analysis method specified in GB / T 13298-2015 was adopted: Etching agent: 4% nitric acid alcohol solution and aqua regia.

[0006] Furthermore, the two ends of the guide plate are fixed on the headstock and the tailstock, and a waste chip and waste powder collecting device is arranged in the base below the guide plate.

[0007] The waste chips and waste powder collecting device is a chip conveyor, the horizontal part of the chip conveyor is located inside the base, the oblique upward part is located outside the lathe, and a trolley is placed below the chip conveyor outlet.

[0008] The center line of the lathe spindle, the center line of the grinding wheel turntable of the polishing device and the center line of the turning tool in the turning tool holder device are located in the same height horizontal plane.

[0009] The tool holder device and polishing device are respectively installed on two guide rails via the first slide and the second slide, the first slide and the second slide are respectively connected to the guide rails via the slide groove, the first slide and the second slide are respectively equipped with the second support seat and the second support seat, and the tool holder device and the polishing device are respectively installed on the second support seat and the second support seat.

[0010] The guide plate includes a first fixed plate and a second fixed plate, and a uniformly distributed guide body is installed between the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate. The first fixed plate is installed on the upper side of one side guide rail, and the second fixed plate is installed on the lower side of the other side guide rail, so that the guide body is in the shape of an inclined surface inclined toward one side guide rail.

[0011] The laser cladding parameters in step S7 include: cladding power 3-6kW, laser spot diameter 1mm, step distance 0.3-0.4 mm, overlap rate 30%-40%, cladding line speed 8-12 m / min; cladding layer thickness 1-1.2 mm, powder feeding rate 40-62 g / min.

[0012] The present invention combines the turning, laser cladding and cylindrical grinding processes of rotary parts, avoids multiple disassembly and clamping, avoids the tediousness of transferring the workpiece to the laser cladding process after turning, and then transferring it to the lathe after laser cladding, saves time, not only greatly improves production efficiency and reduces production costs, but also avoids the problem that multiple clamping of parts may make the rotary workpiece fail to meet processing requirements, and has significant social and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is the front view of the structure of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram in the AA direction (only showing the positional relationship between the tool holder device and the polishing device).

[0015] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the guide plate structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a photo of the neutral salt spray test of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 5 This is the metallographic diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific circumstances.

[0019] The present invention is specifically implemented by the following examples.

[0020] The alloy powder compositions used in the following examples are as follows (patent authorized by Henan Coal Research Institute Wear Resistant Technology Co., Ltd. (patent number: ZL202111220179.8): Beryllium 3.0%~6.0%, neodymium 2.0%~4.0%, nitrogen 0.08%~0.12%, cobalt 1.5%~3.5%, chromium 18.0%~22.0%, carbon 0.05%~0.09%, molybdenum 0.16%~0.30%, boron 1.8%~3.2%, yttrium 1.0%~2.2%, nickel 2.8%~4.0%, silicon 0.1%~0.3%, niobium 1.2%~2.6%, titanium 1.6%~2.2%, and the balance is iron.

[0021] The particle size of the alloy powder is 80 μm to 120 μm, preferably 90 μm to 110 μm. Example 1

[0022] S1. Powder drying: screen the powder, remove impurities, and heat and dry it in an inert gas environment. The inert gas can prevent the iron-based powder from chemically reacting when heated. After cooling, vacuum seal and store for future use. S2, protection: the bottoms of the tool holder device 2, the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding device 4 are protected by a first protective cover 21, a second protective cover 31 and a third protective cover 41 respectively; S3. Positioning and alignment: clamp one end of the oil cylinder (Φ219×24, L=300mm) made of 30CrMnSiA on the chuck 7, and tighten the other end with the tailstock 8. Clamp the oil cylinder on the integrated device in a one-clamp-one-tighten manner, align the concentricity, check the original specifications and dimensions, and calibrate with the drawings; S4, turning processing: Set the turning parameters on the PLC controller, the tool holder device 2 moves left and right along the guide rail 51, turns the cylinder, and sets the limit through the parameters on the PLC controller to complete the turning process. Remove rust and other defects on the workpiece surface to ensure the bonding of the cladding layer and reduce defects. At the same time, the thickness of the finished cladding layer can also be controlled. The thickness of the cladding layer is the diameter of the final product minus the diameter after turning; the machining allowance is generally the diameter after cladding minus the diameter of the final product. The bottom of the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding equipment 4 are protected by the second protective cover 31 and the third protective cover 41 respectively, and the cylinder size and roughness are machined. The waste chips generated during the turning process are recovered to the waste chip and waste powder collection device 9 along the inclined guide plate 52; S5. Surface pretreatment: Degrease the surface of the cylinder to ensure the bonding between the subsequent cladding layer and the substrate. Specifically, use alcohol to wipe the area to be clad to remove rust and oil stains; S6. Laser cladding: When the cylinder is laser clad, the third protective cover 41 at the bottom of the laser cladding equipment 4 is opened, and the tool holder device 2 and the polishing device 3 are moved to the rear, and protected by the first protective cover 21 and the second protective cover 31 respectively. After checking and confirming the concentricity, the laser cladding parameters are set on the PLC controller, including cladding power of 3kW, laser spot diameter of 1mm, step distance of 0.3mm, overlap rate of 30%, and cladding line speed of 10m / min; the cladding layer thickness is 1.0mm. After setting the parameters, the laser cladding head is moved to the cladding starting section of the cylinder surface, the focal length is confirmed according to the equipment requirements, and then the alloy powder is filled, and the inert gas pneumatic powder feeding is started, the powder feeding amount is 50g / min, the inert gas is used to protect the molten pool, and the inert gas flow is adjusted according to the cladding thickness requirements, and the laser cladding is started according to the predetermined program. The waste powder generated during the laser cladding process is recovered to the waste powder collection device 9 along the inclined guide plate 52 to ensure that the surface of the oil cylinder after cladding is flat and clean; S7, cooling and solidification: The oil cylinder after laser cladding needs to be properly cooled and solidified to ensure the performance and quality of the cladding layer. The cladding layer is inspected for size, including the width and thickness of the cladding layer. At this time, the bottom of the tool holder device 2, the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding device 4 are protected by the first protective cover 21, the second protective cover 31 and the third protective cover 41 respectively; S8, turning and polishing: The cylinder after cladding needs to be turned and polished. After checking and confirming the concentricity, set the turning parameters and polishing parameters on the PLC controller. The tool holder device 2 moves left and right along the guide rail 51 to turn the cylinder, leaving a processing allowance. Then the polishing device 3 moves left and right along the guide rail 51 to polish the cylinder. The turning process is carried out first and the polishing process is carried out simultaneously. After the tool holder device 2 retracts the tool to complete the turning process, the polishing device 3 continues to polish until the polishing process is completed. The waste chips generated during the processing are recovered to the waste chip and waste powder collection device 9 along the inclined guide plate 52. After turning and polishing, use a dial indicator / micrometer to check the concentricity of the cylinder, use a finish tester to check the surface finish of the cylinder, and use a laser interferometer to check the surface flatness of the cylinder, and check that all indicators meet the requirements of the drawing; S9, post-end protection: the bottoms of the tool holder device 2, the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding equipment 4 are protected by the first protective cover 21, the second protective cover 31 and the third protective cover 41 respectively; the tool holder device 2 and the polishing device 3 are moved to the tailstock; S10. Performance test: The obtained cladding layer is subjected to performance test, and the performance indicators are as follows: (1) Salt water test: The surface is covered with cotton cloth soaked in 5% NaCl salt water for 24 hours, and no rust occurs. (2) After non-destructive testing, there are no cracks in the cladding layer; the hardness of the cladding layer reaches above 45HRC, the dilution rate of the cladding layer is ≤1%, and the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the substrate is above 500MPa; (3) The neutral salt spray test method specified in GB / T 10125-2012 was used to verify the processability of the product. The test conditions were: precipitation salt concentration: (50±5) g / L NaCL; salt spray test chamber temperature: (35±2)°C; salt spray precipitation rate: (1.0~2.0) ml / (80cm 2 ·h); pH value of sedimentation salt solution (25℃±2℃): 6.5~7.2; Salt spray time: 240 hours. The salt spray resistance performance remains unchanged for more than 96 hours, and the corrosion resistance rating of the cladding layer is 9. Example 2

[0023] S1. Powder drying: screen the powder, remove impurities, and heat and dry it in an inert gas environment. The inert gas can prevent the iron-based powder from chemically reacting when heated. After cooling, vacuum seal and store for future use. S2, protection: the bottoms of the tool holder device 2, the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding device 4 are protected by a first protective cover 21, a second protective cover 31 and a third protective cover 41 respectively; S3. Positioning and alignment: Clamp one end of the piston rod Φ140×1200mm made of 27SiMn on the chuck 7, and tighten the other end with the tailstock 8. Clamp the piston rod on the integrated machine device in a one-clamp-one-tighten manner, align the concentricity, check the original specifications and dimensions, and calibrate with the drawings; S4, turning processing: Set the turning parameters on the PLC controller, the tool holder device 2 moves left and right along the guide rail 51, turns the piston rod, and completes the turning process by setting the limit through the parameters on the PLC controller. Remove rust and other defects on the workpiece surface to ensure the bonding of the cladding layer and reduce defects. At the same time, the thickness of the finished cladding layer can also be controlled. The thickness of the cladding layer is the diameter of the final product minus the diameter after turning; the machining allowance is generally the diameter after cladding minus the diameter of the final product. The bottom of the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding equipment 4 are protected by the second protective cover 31 and the third protective cover 41 respectively, and the cylinder size and roughness are machined. The waste chips generated during the turning process are recovered to the waste chip and waste powder collection device 9 along the inclined guide plate 52; S5. Surface pretreatment: Degrease the piston rod surface to ensure the bonding between the subsequent cladding layer and the substrate. Specifically, use alcohol to wipe the area to be clad to remove rust and oil stains; S6. Laser cladding: When the piston rod is laser clad, the third protective cover 41 at the bottom of the laser cladding equipment 4 is opened, and the tool holder device 2 and the polishing device 3 are moved to the rear, and protected by the first protective cover 21 and the second protective cover 31 respectively. After checking and confirming the concentricity, the laser cladding parameters are set on the PLC controller, including cladding power of 5.4 kW, laser spot diameter of 1.0 mm, step distance of 0.4 mm, overlap rate of 40%, and cladding line speed of 8 m / min; the cladding layer thickness is 1.1 mm. After setting the parameters, the laser cladding head is moved to the cladding starting section of the piston rod surface, the focal length is confirmed according to the equipment requirements, and then the alloy powder is filled, and the inert gas pneumatic powder feeding is started, the powder feeding amount is 42 g / min, the inert gas is used to protect the molten pool, and the inert gas flow is adjusted according to the cladding thickness requirements, and the laser cladding is started according to the predetermined program. The waste powder generated during the laser cladding process is recovered to the waste powder collection device 9 along the inclined guide plate 52, ensuring that the surface of the piston rod after cladding is flat and clean; S7, cooling and solidification: The piston rod after laser cladding needs to be properly cooled and solidified to ensure the performance and quality of the cladding layer. The cladding layer is inspected for size, including the width and thickness of the cladding layer. At this time, the bottom of the tool holder device 2, the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding device 4 are protected by the first protective cover 21, the second protective cover 31 and the third protective cover 41 respectively; S8, turning and polishing: The piston rod after cladding needs to be turned and polished. After checking and confirming the concentricity, set the turning parameters and polishing parameters on the PLC controller. The turning tool holder device 2 moves left and right along the guide rail 51 to turn the piston rod, leaving a processing allowance. Then the polishing device 3 moves left and right along the guide rail 51 to polish the piston rod. The turning process is carried out first and the polishing process is carried out simultaneously. After the turning tool holder device 2 retracts the tool to complete the turning process, the polishing device 3 continues to polish until the polishing process is completed. The waste chips generated during the processing are recovered to the waste chip and waste powder collection device 9 along the inclined guide plate 52. After turning and polishing, use a dial indicator / micrometer to check the concentricity of the piston rod, use a finish tester to check the surface finish of the piston rod, and use a laser interferometer to check the surface flatness of the piston rod. All indicators of the piston rod meet the requirements of the drawing; S9, post-end protection: the bottoms of the tool holder device 2, the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding equipment 4 are protected by the first protective cover 21, the second protective cover 31 and the third protective cover 41 respectively; the tool holder device 2 and the polishing device 3 are moved to the tailstock; S10. Performance test: The obtained cladding layer is subjected to performance test, and the performance indicators are as follows: (1) Salt water test: The surface is covered with cotton cloth soaked in 5% NaCl salt water for 24 hours, and no rust occurs. (2) After non-destructive testing, there are no cracks in the cladding layer; the hardness of the cladding layer reaches above 45HRC, the dilution rate of the cladding layer is ≤1%, and the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the substrate is above 500MPa; (3) The neutral salt spray test method specified in GB / T 10125-2012 was used to verify the processability of the product. The test conditions were: precipitation salt concentration: (50±5) g / L NaCL; salt spray test chamber temperature: (35±2)°C; salt spray precipitation rate: (1.0~2.0) ml / (80cm 2 ·h); pH value of sedimentation salt solution (25℃±2℃): 6.5~7.2; salt spray time: 240 hours. The salt spray resistance performance remained unchanged for more than 96 hours, and the corrosion resistance rating of the cladding layer was 9 (the results are as follows Figure 4 as shown). Example 3

[0024] S1. Powder drying: screen the powder, remove impurities, and heat and dry it in an inert gas environment. The inert gas can prevent the iron-based powder from chemically reacting when heated. After cooling, vacuum seal and store for future use. S2, protection: the bottoms of the tool holder device 2, the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding device 4 are protected by a first protective cover 21, a second protective cover 31 and a third protective cover 41 respectively; S3. Positioning and alignment: clamp one end of a plunger Φ295×1523 mm made of 27SiMn on the chuck 7, and tighten the other end with the tailstock 8. Clamp the plunger on the integrated machine device in a one-clamp-one-tighten manner, align the concentricity, check the original specifications and dimensions, and calibrate with the drawings; S4, turning processing: set the turning parameters on the PLC controller, the tool holder device 2 moves left and right along the guide rail 51, turns the piston, and sets the limit through the parameters on the PLC controller to complete the turning process. Remove rust and other defects on the workpiece surface to ensure the bonding of the cladding layer and reduce defects. At the same time, the thickness of the finished cladding layer can also be controlled. The thickness of the cladding layer is the diameter of the final product minus the diameter after turning; the machining allowance is generally the diameter after cladding minus the diameter of the final product. The bottom of the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding equipment 4 are protected by the second protective cover 31 and the third protective cover 41 respectively, and the cylinder size and roughness are machined. The waste chips generated during the turning process are recovered to the waste chip and waste powder collection device 9 along the inclined guide plate 52; S5. Surface pretreatment: Degrease the surface of the piston to ensure the bonding between the subsequent cladding layer and the substrate. Specifically, use alcohol to wipe the area to be clad to remove rust and oil; S6. Laser cladding: When the active column is laser clad, the third protective cover 41 at the bottom of the laser cladding equipment 4 is opened, and the tool holder device 2 and the polishing device 3 are moved to the rear, and protected by the first protective cover 21 and the second protective cover 31 respectively. After checking and confirming the concentricity, the laser cladding parameters are set on the PLC controller, including cladding power of 5.8 kW, laser spot diameter of 1 mm, step distance of 0.4 mm, overlap rate of 40%, and cladding line speed of 12 m / min; the cladding layer thickness is 1.2 mm. After setting the parameters, the laser cladding head is moved to the cladding starting section of the active column surface, the focal length is confirmed according to the equipment requirements, and then the alloy powder is filled, and the inert gas pneumatic powder feeding is started, the powder feeding amount is 61 g / min, the inert gas is used to protect the molten pool, and the inert gas flow is adjusted according to the cladding thickness requirements, the protective gas flow rate is 10 L / min, and the laser cladding is started according to the predetermined program. Waste powder generated during the laser cladding process is recovered along the inclined guide plate 52 to the waste powder collection device 9 to ensure that the surface of the plunger after cladding is flat and clean; S7, cooling and solidification: The plunger after laser cladding needs to be properly cooled and solidified to ensure the performance and quality of the cladding layer. The cladding layer is inspected for size, including the width and thickness of the cladding layer. At this time, the bottom of the tool holder device 2, the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding device 4 are protected by the first protective cover 21, the second protective cover 31 and the third protective cover 41 respectively; S8, turning and polishing: The plunger needs to be turned and polished after cladding. After checking and confirming the concentricity, set the turning parameters and polishing parameters on the PLC controller. The tool holder device 2 moves left and right along the guide rail 51 to turn the plunger, leaving a processing allowance. Then the polishing device 3 moves left and right along the guide rail 51 to polish the plunger. The turning process is carried out first and the polishing process is carried out simultaneously. After the tool holder device 2 retracts the tool to complete the turning process, the polishing device 3 continues to polish until the polishing process is completed. The waste chips generated during the processing are recovered to the waste chip and waste powder collection device 9 along the inclined guide plate 52. After turning and polishing, use a dial indicator / micrometer to check the concentricity of the plunger, use a finish tester to check the surface finish of the plunger, and use a laser interferometer to check the surface flatness of the plunger. Check that all indicators meet the requirements of the drawing; S9, post-end protection: the bottoms of the tool holder device 2, the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding equipment 4 are protected by the first protective cover 21, the second protective cover 31 and the third protective cover 41 respectively; the tool holder device 2 and the polishing device 3 are moved to the tailstock; S10. Performance test: The obtained cladding layer is subjected to performance test, and the performance indicators are as follows: (1) Salt water test: The surface is covered with cotton cloth soaked in 5% NaCl salt water for 24 hours, and no rust occurs. (2) After non-destructive testing, there are no cracks in the cladding layer; the hardness of the cladding layer reaches above 45HRC, the dilution rate of the cladding layer is ≤1%, and the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the substrate is above 500MPa; (3) The neutral salt spray test method specified in GB / T 10125-2012 was used to verify the processability of the product. The test conditions were: precipitation salt concentration: (50±5) g / L NaCL; salt spray test chamber temperature: (35±2)°C; salt spray precipitation rate: (1.0~2.0) ml / (80cm 2 ·h); pH value of sedimentation salt solution (25℃±2℃): 6.5~7.2; Salt spray time: 240 hours. The salt spray resistance performance remains unchanged for more than 96 hours, and the corrosion resistance rating of the cladding layer is 9; (4) Metallographic analysis. Test method: GB / T 13298-2015; Etchant: 4% nitric acid alcohol solution & aqua regia. Step 1: Prepare a metallographic specimen from the sample; Step 2: Clean, grind, polish, and etch; Step 3: Observe under a microscope. Figure 5 As shown, there are no microcracks and other defects, no pores, and no impurities; the structure is martensite with dendritic distribution.

[0025] When the present invention is used, sealed doors are arranged around the lathe. When not in operation, the tool holder device 2, the polishing device 3 and the laser cladding equipment 4 are all covered with protective covers.

[0026] It should be noted that the tool holder device 2, polishing device 3 and laser cladding equipment 4 and their components in the present invention are all prior art and commercially available products. The contribution of the present invention is to scientifically design and layout these known components, effectively solve the defects of the prior art and meet production needs.

[0027] The present invention integrates multiple processes of turning, laser cladding and polishing into one device. The turning process, laser cladding process and polishing process can be performed separately, or the turning process can be performed first and the polishing process can be performed later at the same time; the turning process can be performed first and the laser cladding process can be performed later at the same time; the processing efficiency can be significantly improved by 55% to 65%, time can be saved, production efficiency can be improved, production costs can be reduced, and the axis deviation problem caused by multiple clamping of parts can be avoided. After practical application and practice, the product qualification rate has been increased by more than 40%, and the production cost has been reduced by more than 30%, which has good social and economic benefits.

[0028] It should be pointed out that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any technician familiar with the profession can make changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrated machining of rotary workpiece turning, laser cladding and polishing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Construction of equipment: The laser cladding equipment (4) is located above the lathe (1). The lathe (1) comprises a base (5), a headstock (6) and a tailstock (8) mounted on both ends of the base (5), and a chuck (7) mounted on the headstock (6). Two parallel and spaced guide rails (51) are arranged on the upper side of the base (5) in a transverse direction. The tool holder device (2) and the polishing device (3) are respectively mounted on the two guide rails (51). A guide plate (52) inclined toward one side of the guide rail (51) is arranged between the two guide rails (51). The bottoms of the tool holder device (2), the polishing device (3) and the laser cladding equipment (4) are respectively provided with a first protective cover (21), a second protective cover (31) and a third protective cover (41). The lathe (1), the tool holder device (2), the polishing device (3) and the laser cladding equipment (4) are all connected to a PLC controller to form an automatic control structure. S2. Powder drying: Screen the alloy powder, remove impurities, heat and dry it in an inert gas environment, and store it in a vacuum seal after cooling for future use; S3, protection: the bottoms of the tool holder device (2), the polishing device (3) and the laser cladding device (4) are protected by a first protective cover (21), a second protective cover (31) and a third protective cover (41) respectively; S4, positioning and alignment: clamp one end of the rotary workpiece on the chuck (7), tighten the other end with the tailstock (8), align the concentricity, check the original specifications and dimensions, and calibrate them with the drawings; S5, turning processing: turning parameters are set on the PLC controller, the turning tool holder device (2) moves left and right along the guide rail (51), and the rotating workpiece is turned. The limit is set by the parameters on the PLC controller to complete the turning process. The bottom of the polishing device (3) and the laser cladding device (4) are protected by the second protective cover (31) and the third protective cover (41) respectively. The waste chips generated during the turning process are recovered to the waste chip and waste powder collection device (9) along the inclined guide plate (52); S6. Surface pretreatment: Wipe the area to be clad of the rotating workpiece with alcohol to remove rust and oil to ensure the bonding between the subsequent cladding layer and the substrate; S7, laser cladding: when laser cladding is performed on a rotating workpiece, the third protective cover (41) at the bottom of the laser cladding device (4) is opened, and the tool holder device (2) and the polishing device (3) are moved to the rear, and protected by the first protective cover (21) and the second protective cover (31), respectively. After checking and confirming the concentricity, the laser cladding parameters are set on the PLC controller, and the laser cladding is started according to a predetermined program. The waste powder generated during the laser cladding process is recovered to the waste powder collection device (9) along the inclined guide plate (52); S8, cooling and solidification: cooling and solidifying the rotating workpiece after laser cladding to ensure the performance and quality of the cladding layer. At this time, the bottom of the tool holder device (2), the polishing device (3) and the laser cladding device (4) are protected by a first protective cover (21), a second protective cover (31) and a third protective cover (41) respectively; S9, turning and polishing: turning and polishing the rotary workpiece after cladding. After checking and confirming the concentricity, the turning parameters and polishing parameters are set on the PLC controller. The turning tool holder device (2) moves left and right along the guide rail (51) to turn the rotary workpiece, leaving a processing allowance. Then the polishing device (3) moves left and right along the guide rail (51) to polish the rotary workpiece. The turning process is performed first and the polishing process is performed later, and they are performed simultaneously. After the turning tool holder device (2) retracts the tool to complete the turning process, the polishing device (3) continues to polish until the polishing process is completed. The waste chips generated during the processing are recovered to the waste chip and waste powder collection device (9) along the inclined guide plate (52). After turning and polishing, the concentricity of the cylinder is checked with a dial indicator / micrometer, the surface finish of the cylinder is checked with a finish tester, and the surface flatness of the cylinder is checked with a laser interferometer. It is checked that all indicators meet the requirements of the drawing. S10, post-processing protection: the bottoms of the tool holder device (2), the polishing device (3) and the laser cladding device (4) are protected by a first protective cover (21), a second protective cover (31) and a third protective cover (41) respectively; the tool holder device (2) and the polishing device (3) are moved to the tailstock; S11. Performance test: The obtained cladding layer was subjected to performance tests: (1) Salt water test: the surface was covered with cotton cloth soaked in 5% NaCl salt water for 24 hours; (2) Nondestructive testing was performed to check whether the cladding layer had cracks; (3) The neutral salt spray test method specified in GB / T 10125-2012 was used to verify the processability of the product. The test conditions were: precipitation salt concentration: (50±5) g / L NaCL; salt spray test chamber temperature: (35±2)°C; salt spray precipitation rate: (1.0~2.0) ml / (80cm 2 ·h); pH value of sedimentation salt solution (25℃±2℃): 6.5~7.2; Salt spray time: 240 hours; (4) The metallographic analysis method specified in GB / T 13298-2015 was adopted: Etching agent: 4% nitric acid alcohol solution and aqua regia.

2. The integrated processing method of turning, laser cladding and polishing of a rotary workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the guide plate (52) are fixed on the head seat (6) and the tail seat (8), and a waste chip and waste powder collecting device (9) is provided in the base (5) below the guide plate (52).

3. The integrated processing method of turning, laser cladding and polishing of a rotary workpiece according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waste chip and waste powder collecting device (9) is a chip conveyor, the horizontal part of which is located inside the base (5), the oblique upward part (91) is located outside the lathe (1), and a trolley (10) is placed below the chip conveyor outlet.

4. The integrated processing method of turning, laser cladding and polishing of a rotary workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center line of the main shaft of the lathe (1), the center line of the grinding wheel turntable of the polishing device (3) and the center line of the turning tool in the turning tool holder device (2) are located at the same height level.

5. The integrated processing method of turning, laser cladding and polishing of a rotary workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool holder device (2) and the polishing device (3) are respectively mounted on two guide rails (51) via a first slide (22) and a second slide (32); the first slide (22) and the second slide (32) are respectively connected to the guide rails (51) via a slide groove; the first slide (22) and the second slide (32) are respectively mounted with a second support seat (23) and a second support seat (33); the tool holder device (2) and the polishing device (3) are respectively mounted on the second support seat (23) and the second support seat (33).

6. The integrated processing method of turning, laser cladding and polishing of a rotary workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plate (52) comprises a first fixing plate (521) and a second fixing plate (522); a uniformly distributed guide body (523) is arranged between the first fixing plate (521) and the second fixing plate (522); the first fixing plate (521) is arranged on the upper side of the guide rail (51) on one side, and the second fixing plate (522) is arranged on the lower side of the guide rail (51) on the other side, so that the guide body (523) is in the shape of an inclined surface inclined toward the guide rail (51) on one side.

7. The integrated processing method of turning, laser cladding and polishing of a rotary workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser cladding parameters in step S7 include: cladding power 3-6kW, laser spot diameter 3mm, step distance 0.8-1.0 mm, overlap rate 30%-73.3%, cladding line speed 8-12 m / min; cladding layer thickness 0.8-1.2 mm, powder feeding rate 40-62 g / min.

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