Precise plane machining grinding device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grinding equipment, and discloses a precise plane machining and grinding device and method.The precise plane machining and grinding device comprises a left-right linear driving mechanism, a front-back linear driving mechanism and an up-down linear driving mechanism, and the top of the left-right linear driving mechanism is connected with a workbench; the front-back linear driving mechanism is installed on the rear side of the left-right linear driving mechanism, a stand column is installed on the top of the front-back linear driving mechanism, the up-down linear driving mechanism is installed in the stand column, a spindle box is installed on the front side of the up-down linear driving mechanism, and an electric spindle is installed on the front side of the spindle box. A balance weight mechanism is arranged in the stand column. The design is reasonable, and higher structural stability is provided by adopting the base integrally formed by the hard granite. Meanwhile, the stand column workbench integrally molded by the high-polymerization carbon fiber pressing die has the advantages of light weight, high strength, high rigidity and the like, and the structural rigidity and the dynamic performance of a machine tool are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of grinding equipment, and in particular to a precision plane machining grinding device and method. Background Art

[0002] Precision surface machining and grinding devices are widely used in modern manufacturing, especially in the fields of aviation, automobiles, electronics, etc. with high precision and high efficiency requirements, playing a vital role. With the advancement of technology, precision machining equipment has higher and higher requirements for structural stability, machining accuracy and machining efficiency. Traditional precision grinding machine tools generally use cast iron as the basic component, with oil cylinders or screws and linear hard rails or linear rails for transmission. Although this type of machine tool can meet certain processing requirements, due to the characteristics of cast iron material, there are often problems such as deformation, wear, and precision loss, which affect the long-term stability and precision retention of the equipment, and reduce the processing quality and efficiency.

[0003] In the past few decades, with the continuous increase in the demand for high-precision processing, the industry has put forward higher requirements for the optimization of machine tool materials and structures. Cast iron structures and traditional cylinder and screw drive solutions have gradually exposed many shortcomings, especially under long-term high-load and high-precision working conditions. The accuracy retention ability and processing effect of traditional machine tools are difficult to meet the requirements of modern industry for equipment performance. The details are as follows 1) Traditional machine tools mostly use cast iron parts. Although cast iron has good shock absorption performance, it is easy to deform and wear, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of high-precision processing; 2) Traditional machine tools use oil cylinders or screws and linear hard rails or linear rails for transmission. These solutions are prone to wear and loss of precision due to friction and contact problems. However, the new precision grinding device and the direct drive mode of the linear motor make the dynamic response of the machine tool faster, the positioning accuracy higher, and reduce the energy loss in the mechanical transmission, thus improving the overall performance of the machine tool.

[0004] 3) Traditional machine tools generally use mechanical spindles, which are prone to vibration and friction when running at high speeds, affecting the processing effect; therefore, we propose a precision plane processing grinding device and method to solve this problem. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the traditional grinding device base being easy to deform and having poor precision, and to propose a precision plane machining grinding device and method.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A precision plane machining and grinding device comprises: left and right linear drive mechanisms, front and rear linear drive mechanisms and upper and lower linear drive mechanisms, the top of the left and right linear drive mechanisms are connected to a workbench, the front and rear linear drive mechanisms are installed on the rear side of the left and right linear drive mechanisms, a column is installed on the top of the front and rear linear drive mechanisms, the upper and lower linear drive mechanisms are installed in the column, a spindle box is installed on the front side of the upper and lower linear drive mechanisms, an electric spindle is installed on the front side of the spindle box, a grinding wheel is fixedly installed on the outside of the electric spindle, a counterweight mechanism is arranged inside the column, a maintenance cover is detachably installed on the rear side of the column, and the electric spindle adopts a hydrostatic electric spindle.

[0007] Preferably, the left and right linear drive mechanism includes: a first base and left and right linear motors, the workbench is fixedly installed on the top of the left and right linear motors, the bottom of the workbench is fixedly installed with left and right hydrostatic sliders, the top of the first base is fixedly installed with left and right hydrostatic guide rails, and the left and right hydrostatic sliders are slidably sleeved on the outer sides of the left and right hydrostatic guide rails.

[0008] Preferably, the front and rear linear drive mechanism includes: a second base, a moving platform and front and rear linear motors, the moving platform is fixedly mounted on the top of the front and rear linear motors, the front and rear hydrostatic sliders are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the moving platform, the front and rear hydrostatic guide rails are fixedly mounted on the top of the second base, and the front and rear hydrostatic sliders are slidably sleeved on the outer sides of the front and rear hydrostatic guide rails.

[0009] Preferably, the up and down linear drive mechanism includes: a driving motor, a screw rod, a connecting plate and a lifting plate, the driving motor is fixedly installed on the top of the column, the column is fixedly installed on the top of the moving platform, the screw rod is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the driving motor, the connecting plate is threadedly sleeved on the outside of the screw rod, a square plate is fixedly installed on the rear side of the lifting plate, a square groove is opened on the front side of the connecting plate, the square plate is slidably installed in the square groove, upper and lower hydrostatic sliders are fixedly installed on the rear side of the lifting plate, upper and lower hydrostatic guide rails are fixedly installed on the front side of the column, the upper and lower hydrostatic sliders are slidably sleeved on the outside of the upper and lower hydrostatic guide rails, and the upper and lower hydrostatic guide rails, left and right hydrostatic guide rails and front and rear hydrostatic guide rails all adopt full hydrostatic guide rails.

[0010] Preferably, the first base and the second base are integrally formed of hard granite, and the column workbench is integrally die-casted with high-polymer carbon fiber.

[0011] Preferably, the counterweight mechanism includes: a rack, a fixed shaft, a rotating drum, a slide plate and a counterweight plate, the rack is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the connecting plate, the fixed shaft is fixedly mounted inside the column, the rotating drum is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the fixed shaft, a gear and a rotating arm are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the rotating drum, the gear and the rack are meshed with each other, a connecting arm is slidably mounted on one side of the rotating arm, connecting columns are fixedly mounted on the front and rear sides of the counterweight plate, the connecting arm is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the corresponding connecting column, a guide cross bar is fixedly mounted on one side of the slide plate, and the counterweight plate is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the guide cross bar.

[0012] Preferably, a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are fixedly installed on the top inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the square groove, respectively, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are movably abutted against the top and the bottom of the square plate, respectively, and a limit rod is fixedly installed in the square groove, and the square plate is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the limit rod.

[0013] Preferably, a bracket is fixedly installed on one side of the rotating arm, an electric push rod is fixedly installed on one side of the bracket, the output end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the connecting arm, a controller is provided inside the column, the controller is connected to the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the electric push rod signal, a slide rail is fixedly installed on one side of the rotating arm, and the connecting arm is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the slide rail.

[0014] Preferably, a vertical guide rail is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the column, the slide plate is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the vertical guide rail, and a counterweight frame is fixedly mounted on both the front and rear sides of the slide plate, and a plurality of counterweight blocks are arranged in the counterweight frame.

[0015] Preferably, a stepped hole is provided on the rear side of the column, and the maintenance cover is movably inserted in the stepped hole. Two L-shaped clips are slidably installed inside the maintenance cover, and a connecting spring is fixedly installed between the two L-shaped clips. Slots are provided on the inner walls on both sides of the stepped hole, and one end of the L-shaped clip is movably connected to the corresponding slot.

[0016] The present invention also provides a precision plane machining grinding method, comprising the following steps: S1: Fix the workpiece to be ground on the top of the workbench, and start the left and right linear motors to drive the workbench to move left and right to adjust the position of the workpiece; S2: Start the electric spindle to drive the grinding wheel to rotate, and start the drive motor to drive the screw to rotate. The screw drives the connecting plate to move up and down through the thread cooperation with the connecting plate. The connecting plate drives the lifting plate, the spindle box, the electric spindle and the grinding wheel to move downward through the cooperation with the square plate, so that the rotating grinding wheel contacts the workpiece to achieve grinding; S3: Start the front and rear linear motors and the left and right linear motors. The front and rear linear motors drive the movable table, the column, the upper and lower linear drive mechanisms and the grinding wheel to move forward and backward, thereby realizing the front and rear feeding of the grinding wheel. The left and right linear motors drive the worktable and the workpiece thereon to move left and right, realizing the left and right feeding of the workpiece, thereby realizing automatic grinding of the workpiece surface.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a precision plane machining grinding device and method, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) The base is formed by integrating hard granite, which has excellent thermal stability and outstanding long-term stability, and has no internal stress deformation, which can reduce the wear of the grinding wheel and improve the surface quality and precision of the workpiece, thereby avoiding warping and deformation during use and ensuring precision. The column and the worktable are made of high-polymer carbon fiber integrated die casting, which has light weight and small impact, and can ensure long-term precision. The linear drive mechanism is combined with the full hydrostatic guide rail to maintain structural stability and precision for a long time. (2) The counterweight mechanism can realize counterweight when the connecting plate, lifting plate and electric spindle move up and down, so that the overall center of gravity remains unchanged as much as possible in the vertical direction, thereby reducing the energy consumption generated by the upper and lower linear drive mechanisms; (3) The maintenance cover can be fixed by the cooperation of two L-shaped clamping plates and corresponding clamping slots, and the two L-shaped clamping plates can be pushed closer to each other so that the L-shaped clamping plates are disengaged from the clamping slots, thereby releasing the fixation of the maintenance cover. The maintenance cover can then be disassembled to facilitate maintenance of the interior of the column, and the number of counterweights can be increased or decreased to facilitate counterweighting to accommodate grinding wheels and different weights.

[0018] The present invention is reasonably designed. By adopting a hard granite integrated molding base, the material has very excellent stability, can effectively prevent deformation caused by changes in the external environment (such as temperature changes), and provides higher structural stability. At the same time, the high-polymer carbon fiber integrated die-cast column workbench has the advantages of light weight, high strength and high rigidity, which greatly improves the structural rigidity and dynamic performance of the machine tool and avoids the shortcomings of traditional cast iron materials. By adopting a linear motor with a hydrostatic guide rail, this contactless and frictionless transmission scheme can effectively eliminate the friction loss in the traditional mechanical transmission system, ensuring that the machine tool maintains high precision and stability for a long time. It is supported and rotated by a hydrostatic oil film, which is contactless and frictionless, and can effectively avoid the vibration and friction generated in the mechanical spindle, thereby improving the stability and precision during the grinding process and achieving a more outstanding grinding effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of a precision plane machining and grinding device proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the left and right linear drive mechanisms proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the front and rear linear drive mechanism proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the upper and lower linear drive mechanism proposed by the present invention; Figure 5 An exploded three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a precision plane machining grinding device proposed by the present invention; Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the column and counterweight mechanism proposed by the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of part A; Figure 8 for Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of part B; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the column and the upper and lower linear drive mechanisms proposed by the present invention; Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the counterweight mechanism proposed by the present invention; Fig.11 for Fig.10 A partial enlarged view of part C.

[0020] In the figure: 1. left and right linear drive mechanism; 101. first base; 102. left and right hydrostatic guide rails; 103. left and right hydrostatic sliders; 104. left and right linear motors; 2. front and rear linear drive mechanism; 201. second base; 202. front and rear hydrostatic guide rails; 203. front and rear hydrostatic sliders; 204. front and rear linear motors; 205. moving table; 3. upper and lower linear drive mechanism; 301. lifting plate; 302. connecting plate; 303. driving motor; 304. lead screw; 305. upper and lower hydrostatic guide rails; 306. upper and lower hydrostatic sliders; 307. square plate; 308. first pressure sensor; 30 9. Second pressure sensor; 4. Spindle box; 401. Electric spindle; 5. Grinding wheel; 6. Column; 7. Counterweight mechanism; 701. Fixed shaft; 702. Rotating drum; 703. Gear; 704. Rack; 705. Vertical guide rail; 706. Slide plate; 707. Counterweight frame; 708. Counterweight block; 709. Guide cross bar; 710. Counterweight plate; 711. Connecting column; 712. Connecting arm; 713. Electric push rod; 714. Bracket; 715. Rotating arm; 716. Slide rail; 8. Maintenance cover; 801. L-shaped card plate; 802. Connecting spring; 9. Workbench; 10. Controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0023] Reference Figure 1-11 A precision plane machining and grinding device comprises: a left and right linear drive mechanism 1, a front and rear linear drive mechanism 2 and an upper and lower linear drive mechanism 3, a workbench 9 is connected to the top of the left and right linear drive mechanism 1, the front and rear linear drive mechanism 2 is installed on the rear side of the left and right linear drive mechanism 1, a column 6 is installed on the top of the front and rear linear drive mechanism 2, the upper and lower linear drive mechanism 3 is installed in the column 6, a spindle box 4 is installed on the front side of the upper and lower linear drive mechanism 3, an electric spindle 401 is installed on the front side of the spindle box 4, a grinding wheel 5 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the electric spindle 401, a counterweight mechanism 7 is arranged inside the column 6, a maintenance cover 8 is detachably installed on the rear side of the column 6, and the electric spindle 401 adopts a static pressure electric spindle 401.

[0024] In this embodiment, the left and right linear drive mechanism 1 includes: a first base 101 and left and right linear motors 104, the workbench 9 is fixedly installed on the top of the left and right linear motors 104, the left and right hydrostatic sliders 103 are fixedly installed on the bottom of the workbench 9, the left and right hydrostatic guide rails 102 are fixedly installed on the top of the first base 101, and the left and right hydrostatic sliders 103 are slidably sleeved on the outer sides of the left and right hydrostatic guide rails 102.

[0025] In this embodiment, the front and rear linear drive mechanism 2 includes: a second base 201, a moving platform 205 and a front and rear linear motor 204. The moving platform 205 is fixedly installed on the top of the front and rear linear motor 204. The front and rear static pressure sliders 203 are fixedly installed on the bottom of the moving platform 205. The front and rear static pressure guide rails 202 are fixedly installed on the top of the second base 201. The front and rear static pressure sliders 203 are slidably connected to the outer sides of the front and rear static pressure guide rails 202.

[0026] In this embodiment, the upper and lower linear drive mechanism 3 includes: a driving motor 303, a screw rod 304, a connecting plate 302 and a lifting plate 301. The driving motor 303 is fixedly installed on the top of the column 6, the column 6 is fixedly installed on the top of the moving platform 205, the screw rod 304 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the driving motor 303, the connecting plate 302 is threadedly sleeved on the outside of the screw rod 304, a square plate 307 is fixedly installed on the rear side of the lifting plate 301, a square groove is opened on the front side of the connecting plate 302, and the square plate 307 is slidably installed in the square groove, and an upper and lower static pressure slider 306 is fixedly installed on the rear side of the lifting plate 301, and an upper and lower static pressure guide rail 305 is fixedly installed on the front side of the column 6. The upper and lower static pressure sliders 306 are slidably sleeved on the outside of the upper and lower static pressure guide rails 305. The upper and lower static pressure guide rails 305, the left and right static pressure guide rails 102 and the front and rear static pressure guide rails 202 all adopt full static pressure guide rails.

[0027] In this embodiment, the first base 101 and the second base 201 are integrally formed of hard granite, and the column 6 and the workbench 9 are integrally formed of high-polymer carbon fiber die-casting.

[0028] In this embodiment, the counterweight mechanism 7 includes: a rack 704, a fixed shaft 701, a rotating drum 702, a slide plate 706 and a counterweight plate 710. The rack 704 is fixedly installed on the rear side of the connecting plate 302, the fixed shaft 701 is fixedly installed inside the column 6, the rotating drum 702 is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the fixed shaft 701, and a gear 703 and a rotating arm 715 are fixedly installed on the outer side of the rotating drum 702. The gear 703 and the rack 704 are meshed with each other. A connecting arm 712 is slidably installed on one side of the rotating arm 715. Connecting columns 711 are fixedly installed on the front and rear sides of the counterweight plate 710. The connecting arm 712 is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the corresponding connecting column 711. A guide cross bar 709 is fixedly installed on one side of the slide plate 706, and the counterweight plate 710 is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the guide cross bar 709.

[0029] In this embodiment, the first pressure sensor 308 and the second pressure sensor 309 are fixedly installed on the top inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the square groove, respectively. The first pressure sensor 308 and the second pressure sensor 309 are movably abutted against the top and the bottom of the square plate 307, respectively, and a limit rod is fixedly installed in the square groove, and the square plate 307 is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the limit rod.

[0030] In this embodiment, a bracket 714 is fixedly installed on one side of the rotating arm 715, an electric push rod 713 is fixedly installed on one side of the bracket 714, the output end of the electric push rod 713 is fixedly connected to the connecting arm 712, a controller 10 is arranged inside the column 6, the controller 10 is connected to the first pressure sensor 308, the second pressure sensor 309 and the electric push rod 713 signals, a slide rail 716 is fixedly installed on one side of the rotating arm 715, and the connecting arm 712 is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the slide rail 716.

[0031] In this embodiment, a vertical guide rail 705 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the column 6, and a slide plate 706 is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the vertical guide rail 705. A counterweight frame 707 is fixedly installed on the front and rear sides of the slide plate 706, and a plurality of counterweight blocks 708 are arranged in the counterweight frame 707.

[0032] In this embodiment, a stepped hole is provided on the rear side of the column 6, and the maintenance cover 8 is movably inserted in the stepped hole. Two L-shaped clamping plates 801 are slidably installed inside the maintenance cover 8, and a connecting spring 802 is fixedly installed between the two L-shaped clamping plates 801. Slots are provided on the inner walls on both sides of the stepped hole, and one end of the L-shaped clamping plate 801 is movably clamped in the corresponding slot.

[0033] The present invention also provides a precision plane machining grinding method, comprising the following steps: S1: Fix the workpiece to be ground on the top of the workbench 9, and start the left and right linear motors 104 to drive the workbench 9 to move left and right to adjust the position of the workpiece; S2: Start the electric spindle 401 to drive the grinding wheel 5 to rotate, and start the driving motor 303 to drive the screw rod 304 to rotate. The screw rod 304 drives the connecting plate 302 to move up and down through the thread cooperation with the connecting plate 302. The connecting plate 302 drives the lifting plate 301, the spindle box 4, the electric spindle 401 and the grinding wheel 5 to move downward through the cooperation with the square plate 307, so that the rotating grinding wheel 5 contacts the workpiece to achieve grinding; S3: Start the front and rear linear motors 204 and the left and right linear motors 104. The front and rear linear motors 204 drive the movable table 205, the column 6, the upper and lower linear drive mechanism 3 and the grinding wheel 5 to move forward and backward, thereby realizing the front and rear direction feeding of the grinding wheel 5. The left and right linear motors 104 drive the worktable 9 and the workpiece thereon to move left and right, realizing the left and right feeding of the workpiece, thereby realizing automatic grinding of the workpiece surface.

[0034] In this embodiment, the connecting plate 302 can drive the rack 704 to move synchronously during the up and down movement, and drive the rotating drum 702 and the rotating arm 715 to rotate by meshing with the gear 703. The rotating arm 715 drives the connecting arm 712, the connecting column 711 and the counterweight plate 710 to perform circular motion. The counterweight plate 710 drives the slide plate 706 to move up and down by cooperating with the guide cross bar 709, and the connecting plate 302 moves in opposite directions to the slide plate 706, so that the connecting plate 302 is supported by the counterweight plate 710. The structures such as the connecting plate 302, the lifting plate 301, the electric spindle 401 and the grinding wheel 5 are counterweighted, so that the overall center of gravity of the connecting plate 302, the lifting plate 301, the electric spindle 401, the grinding wheel 5 and the counterweight plate 710 remains unchanged as much as possible during the up and down movement, thereby reducing the working energy consumption of the driving motor 303, and when not grinding, the square plate 307 squeezes the second pressure sensor 309 under the action of gravity, and as the weight of the lifting plate 301, the grinding wheel 5, the electric spindle 401 and the spindle box 4 increases, The pressure sensed by the second pressure sensor 309 increases, and the controller 10 controls the output end of the electric push rod 713 to extend, thereby increasing the distance between the counterweight plate 710 and the fixed shaft 701, thereby increasing the torque generated by the weight of the counterweight plate 710 and balancing the torque generated by the connecting plate 302. During grinding, the grinding wheel 5 applies downward pressure to the workpiece, so that the grinding wheel 5, the electric spindle 401 and the lifting plate 301 are subjected to an upward reaction force, and the pressure sensed by the second pressure sensor 309 decreases, and the pressure sensed by the first pressure sensor 308 increases, so that the controller 10 controls the output end of the electric push rod 713 to contract to reduce the distance between the counterweight plate 710 and the fixed shaft 701, so that the overall center of gravity of the connecting plate 302, the lifting plate 301, the electric spindle 401, the grinding wheel 5 and the counterweight plate 710 during the up and down movement moves to the left side of the fixed shaft 701, so as to apply pressure to the workpiece more effortlessly, thereby reducing energy consumption during the entire grinding process.

[0035] The maintenance cover 8 can be fixed by the cooperation of two L-shaped clamping plates 801 and the corresponding clamping slots, and the two L-shaped clamping plates 801 can be pushed closer to each other so that the L-shaped clamping plates 801 are disengaged from the clamping slots, thereby releasing the fixation of the maintenance cover 8, so that the maintenance cover 8 can be disassembled to facilitate the maintenance of the interior of the column 6 and to facilitate the increase or decrease of the number of counterweight blocks 708 to facilitate counterweighting to accommodate the grinding wheel 5 and different weights.

[0036] The standard parts used in the present invention can all be purchased from the market, and special-shaped parts can be customized according to the instructions and the drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding, etc. in the prior art. Machinery, parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection method in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

Claims

1. A precision surface machining grinding device, characterized in that: include: A left and right linear drive mechanism (1), a front and rear linear drive mechanism (2), and an upper and lower linear drive mechanism (3); the top of the left and right linear drive mechanism (1) is connected to a workbench (9); the front and rear linear drive mechanism (2) is mounted on the rear side of the left and right linear drive mechanism (1); a column (6) is mounted on the top of the front and rear linear drive mechanism (2); the upper and lower linear drive mechanism (3) is mounted inside the column (6); a spindle box (4) is mounted on the front side of the upper and lower linear drive mechanism (3); an electric spindle (401) is mounted on the front side of the spindle box (4); a grinding wheel (5) is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the electric spindle (401); a counterweight mechanism (7) is arranged inside the column (6); a maintenance cover plate (8) is detachably mounted on the rear side of the column (6); and the electric spindle (401) is a static pressure electric spindle (401).

2. The precision surface machining grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right linear drive mechanism (1) comprises: a first base (101) and left and right linear motors (104); the workbench (9) is fixedly mounted on the top of the left and right linear motors (104); left and right static pressure sliders (103) are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the workbench (9); left and right static pressure guide rails (102) are fixedly mounted on the top of the first base (101); and the left and right static pressure sliders (103) are slidably sleeved on the outer sides of the left and right static pressure guide rails (102).

3. The precision surface machining grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front-to-rear linear drive mechanism (2) comprises: a second base (201), a moving platform (205) and a front-to-rear linear motor (204); the moving platform (205) is fixedly mounted on the top of the front-to-rear linear motor (204); the bottom of the moving platform (205) is fixedly mounted with a front-to-rear static pressure slider (203); the top of the second base (201) is fixedly mounted with a front-to-rear static pressure guide rail (202); the front-to-rear static pressure slider (203) is slidably sleeved on the outer sides of the front-to-rear static pressure guide rail (202).

4. The precision surface machining grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The up-and-down linear drive mechanism (3) comprises: a drive motor (303), a screw rod (304), a connection plate (302) and a lifting plate (301); the drive motor (303) is fixedly mounted on the top of a column (6); the column (6) is fixedly mounted on the top of a moving platform (205); the screw rod (304) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor (303); the connection plate (302) is threadedly sleeved on the outside of the screw rod (304); and a square plate (302) is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the lifting plate (301). 307), a square groove is provided on the front side of the connecting plate (302), the square plate (307) is slidably installed in the square groove, an upper and lower static pressure slider (306) is fixedly installed on the rear side of the lifting plate (301), an upper and lower static pressure guide rail (305) is fixedly installed on the front side of the column (6), the upper and lower static pressure slider (306) is slidably sleeved on the outer sides of the upper and lower static pressure guide rails (305), and the upper and lower static pressure guide rails (305), the left and right static pressure guide rails (102) and the front and rear static pressure guide rails (202) all adopt full static pressure guide rails.

5. The precision surface machining grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first base (101) and the second base (201) are integrally formed of hard granite, and the upright column (6) and the workbench (9) are integrally formed of high-polymer carbon fiber die casting.

6. The precision surface machining grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight mechanism (7) comprises: a rack (704), a fixed shaft (701), a rotating drum (702), a sliding plate (706) and a counterweight plate (710); the rack (704) is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the connecting plate (302); the fixed shaft (701) is fixedly mounted inside the column (6); the rotating drum (702) is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the fixed shaft (701); a gear (703) and a rotating arm (715) are fixedly mounted on the outside of the rotating drum (702); The gear (703) and the rack (704) are meshed with each other; a connecting arm (712) is slidably mounted on one side of the rotating arm (715); connecting columns (711) are fixedly mounted on both the front and rear sides of the counterweight plate (710); the connecting arm (712) is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the corresponding connecting column (711); a guide cross bar (709) is fixedly mounted on one side of the slide plate (706); and the counterweight plate (710) is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the guide cross bar (709).

7. The precision surface machining and grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first pressure sensor (308) and a second pressure sensor (309) are fixedly mounted on the top inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the square groove, respectively; the first pressure sensor (308) and the second pressure sensor (309) are movably abutted against the top and bottom of the square plate (307), respectively; a limit rod is fixedly mounted in the square groove, and the square plate (307) is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the limit rod.

8. The precision surface machining grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bracket (714) is fixedly mounted on one side of the rotating arm (715), an electric push rod (713) is fixedly mounted on one side of the bracket (714), an output end of the electric push rod (713) is fixedly connected to the connecting arm (712), a controller (10) is arranged inside the column (6), the controller (10) is signal-connected to the first pressure sensor (308), the second pressure sensor (309) and the electric push rod (713), a slide rail (716) is fixedly mounted on one side of the rotating arm (715), and the connecting arm (712) is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the slide rail (716).

9. The precision surface machining grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vertical guide rail (705) is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the column (6), the slide plate (706) is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the vertical guide rail (705), a counterweight frame (707) is fixedly mounted on both the front and rear sides of the slide plate (706), a plurality of counterweight blocks (708) are arranged in the counterweight frame (707), a stepped hole is opened on the rear side of the column (6), the maintenance cover plate (8) is movably inserted in the stepped hole, two L-shaped clamping plates (801) are slidably mounted inside the maintenance cover plate (8), a connecting spring (802) is fixedly mounted between the two L-shaped clamping plates (801), a clamping groove is opened on both inner walls of the stepped hole, and one end of the L-shaped clamping plate (801) is movably clamped in the corresponding clamping groove.

10. A precision surface machining grinding method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Fixing the workpiece to be ground on the top of the workbench (9), and starting the left and right linear motors (104) to drive the workbench (9) to move left and right, and adjusting the position of the workpiece; S2: starting the electric spindle (401) to drive the grinding wheel (5) to rotate, and starting the driving motor (303) to drive the screw rod (304) to rotate, the screw rod (304) drives the connecting plate (302) to move up and down by cooperating with the thread of the connecting plate (302), and the connecting plate (302) drives the lifting plate (301), the spindle box (4), the electric spindle (401) and the grinding wheel (5) to move downward by cooperating with the square plate (307), so that the rotating grinding wheel (5) contacts the workpiece to achieve grinding; S3: Start the front and rear linear motors (204) and the left and right linear motors (104). The front and rear linear motors (204) drive the movable table (205), the column (6), the upper and lower linear drive mechanism (3) and the grinding wheel (5) to move forward and backward, thereby achieving forward and backward feeding of the grinding wheel (5). The left and right linear motors (104) drive the worktable (9) and the workpiece thereon to move left and right, thereby achieving left and right feeding of the workpiece, thereby achieving automatic grinding of the workpiece surface.

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