Filling and stacking mining method without external mining preparation

Abstract

The invention provides a filling and stacking mining method for non-outside-vein accurate mining, and belongs to the field of underground metal mine mining. In the mining process, an air return gate way and an air inlet transportation way are firstly tunneled in studs at the two ends of a panel; then, an ore removal transportation roadway which penetrates through the trapezoidal primary mining block, the parallelogram secondary mining block and the trapezoidal final mining block and is communicated with the air return gate roadway and the air inlet transportation roadway is tunneled on the bottom layer of the stope, and a ventilation system is formed; and then the trapezoidal primary mining block, the parallelogram secondary mining block and the trapezoidal final mining block are mined in sequence, each ore block is mined in a layered stoping mode from bottom to top, and along with continuous stoping, a draw shaft, a first false roadway, a first in-vein ramp, a second false roadway, a second in-vein ramp and a third false roadway which change dynamically are formed in the ore body. The mining preparation cutting project does not need to be arranged outside the vein in the stoping process, and the mining cost is reduced; compared with a comprehensive method, a room-and-pillar method and the like, the ventilation condition is better; and the ore basically has no residue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of underground metal mining, and in particular to a backfilling and stacking mining method without external mining. Background Art

[0002] At present, the mining of gently inclined ore bodies is mainly carried out by the comprehensive method, the room-and-pillar method (with subsequent backfilling), etc. The mining process generally adopts the off-vein mining method according to the occurrence conditions such as the inclination, thickness and tendency of the ore body. The off-vein mining method will increase the mining and cutting workload. For thinner ore bodies, the use of off-vein mining will result in too high a mining and cutting ratio per thousand tons, which will reduce the overall efficiency of the ore.

[0003] In view of this, it is necessary to design a mining method without external mining to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present application provides a filling and stacking mining method without mining outside the vein. The mining process does not require the arrangement of mining and cutting projects outside the vein, thereby reducing unnecessary excavation and mining projects and reducing mining costs. Compared with the comprehensive method, room-and-pillar method and other methods, the ventilation conditions are better.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a backfilling and stacking mining method without external pulse mining, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Divide the panel area along the ore body strike and reserve pillars at both ends of the panel area; divide the stope area perpendicular to the ore body strike in the panel area, and divide each stope area into a trapezoidal first mining block, a parallelogram secondary mining block and a trapezoidal final mining block along the ore body strike;

[0007] S2. Excavating a return air lane and an air inlet transport lane at the bottom of the pillars at both ends, respectively. The return air lane is connected to the main return air system of the ore body, and the air inlet transport lane is connected to the main transport lane of the ore body;

[0008] S3, excavating a mine-discharging transport tunnel connected to the return air tunnel and the air inlet transport tunnel at the bottom of the stope; mining and filling the trapezoidal first mining block layer by layer from bottom to top, forming a chute and a first intra-vein ramp at both ends of the trapezoidal first mining block along the ore body; when filling each layer, reserving 20%-30% of the layer height, and forming a first false tunnel at the top layer, and forming a first to-be-filled layer in the remaining layers;

[0009] S4, entering the bottom layer of the parallelogram secondary mining block along the first false lane and the first intra-vein ramp, mining and filling the parallelogram secondary mining block layer by layer from bottom to top, and forming a second intra-vein ramp at one end of the parallelogram secondary mining block close to the trapezoidal final mining block; when filling each layer, reserving 20%-30% of the layer height, and forming a second false lane in the uppermost layer, forming a second to-be-filled layer 29 in the remaining layers, and filling the portion of the first intra-vein ramp at the same height as the to-be-filled layer;

[0010] S5, entering the bottom layer of the trapezoidal final mining block along the first false lane, the second false lane and the second intra-vein ramp, mining and filling the trapezoidal final mining block layer by layer from bottom to top, and gradually forming a pedestrian shaft at the end of the trapezoidal final mining block away from the parallelogram secondary mining block; when filling each layer, reserve 20%-30% of the layer height, and form a third false lane in the top layer, form a third to-be-filled layer in the remaining layers, and fill the part of the second intra-vein ramp at the same height as the to-be-filled layer;

[0011] S6. Repeat steps S3 to S5 until all the stopes in the panel area are mined; then, the remaining panel areas are mined until the entire ore body is mined.

[0012] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the mining process does not need to arrange the mining and cutting engineering outside the vein. As the mining continues, a dynamically changing chute, a first layer to be filled (or a first false lane), a first intra-vein ramp, a second layer to be filled (or a second false lane), a second intra-vein ramp, and a third layer to be filled (or a third false lane) are formed in the ore body. These channels can be used as ventilation and transportation channels to ensure the smooth mining of the ore body. In the mining process of the present application, the trapezoidal first mining block, the parallelogram secondary mining block, and the trapezoidal final mining block in the stope are gradually mined. Compared with the comprehensive method, the room-and-pillar method, etc., the ventilation conditions are better, there is basically no ore residue, and the recovery rate of the ore is high.

[0013] In some embodiments, before filling the topmost layers of the trapezoidal primary mining block and the parallelogram secondary mining block, artificial false tunnels are first set up on the bottom plate of the goaf as the first false tunnel and the second false tunnel, and then filled and connected to the top to form the first artificial false ceiling and the second artificial false ceiling at the top of the first false tunnel and the second false tunnel, respectively.

[0014] In this embodiment, the construction of artificial false tunnels can not only form pedestrian passages, ventilation passages and transportation passages in the mining area during the subsequent mining process, but also increase safety and facilitate safe operation.

[0015] In some embodiments, the artificial false alley includes an inverted U-shaped I-beam, a steel mesh layer and a first geotextile layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, and a threaded steel bar is provided under the inverted U-shaped I-beam; the steel mesh layer includes a vertically arranged first steel mesh and a horizontally arranged steel plate; the width of the artificial false alley is 1.0-1.5m wider than the maximum width of the transportation equipment, and the height is 0.5-1.0m higher than the maximum height of the transportation equipment.

[0016] In this embodiment, an inverted U-shaped I-beam is used as the support frame of the artificial false tunnel, and a steel mesh layer is arranged on the outside and a threaded steel bar is arranged at the bottom to improve the strength of the artificial false tunnel and ensure safe mining. The first geotextile layer can prevent the filling slurry from infiltrating into the artificial false tunnel when filling and connecting the top.

[0017] In some embodiments, when filling the layers of the trapezoidal primary mining block and the parallelogram secondary mining block, the filling height is 0.5-1.5m each time, and as the filling is done from bottom to top, the filling retaining wall is moved forward 3-4m toward the goaf each time. After each filling, the filling retaining wall is removed, and road ballast or filling material is laid, so that the slope of the first intra-vein inclined ramp and the second intra-vein inclined ramp is 15°-20°.

[0018] In this embodiment, each layer is gradually filled multiple times to facilitate top connection, and as the filling is gradually carried out from bottom to top, the filling retaining wall is moved forward to the goaf each time, thereby ensuring the smooth formation of the first intra-vein ramp and the second intra-vein ramp.

[0019] In some embodiments, the stope includes a one-step stope and a two-step stope that are spaced apart, and the mining progress of the two-step stope lags behind that of the one-step stope by 1-2 stops.

[0020] In this embodiment, by dividing the mining area into a one-step mining area and a two-step mining area, the two-step mining area can serve as a support for the one-step mining area to ensure mining safety; and as long as the mining progress of the two-step mining area lags behind that of the one-step mining area by 1-2 units, the one-step mining area and the two-step mining area can be mined at the same time to improve mining efficiency.

[0021] In some embodiments, before filling, a ventilation shaft parallel to the chute is reserved, the diameter of the ventilation shaft is 1-2m, and the ventilation shaft is made by rolling thick steel plates into round barrels and welding them or by stacking concrete.

[0022] In some embodiments, the width of the column is 14-20m;

[0023] When the true thickness of the ore body is ≤6m, the length of the panel area is ≤80m; when the true thickness of the ore body is >6m, the length of the panel area increases by at least 30m for every 4m increase in the true thickness of the ore body;

[0024] The length of the mining area is 50-80m, and the width is 10-16m; the distance between the chute and the ventilation shaft is 5-7m.

[0025] In some embodiments, the radius of the chute is 0.5-1.5m, and the chute is formed by rolling thick steel plates into round barrels and welding them together or by piling up concrete.

[0026] In some embodiments, the filling retaining wall 19 includes a vertical unit and an inclined support unit; the vertical unit includes a second geotextile layer, a second steel mesh, a horizontal steel pipe layer and a vertical steel pipe layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the inclined support unit includes an inclined steel pipe layer connected to the horizontal steel pipe layer.

[0027] In some embodiments, when filling the layers of the trapezoidal first mining block, the parallelogram secondary mining block and the trapezoidal final mining block, a 0.3-0.6 m rubber surface layer is set on the upper part of each layered filling body.

[0028] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mine transportation lane after excavation of the backfill stacking mining method without external mining in the embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of mining the trapezoidal first mining block by the filling and stacking mining method without external vein mining in the embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first trapezoidal mining block after mining by the backfill stacking mining method without external vein mining in the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of mining a parallelogram secondary mining block by a backfilling and stacking mining method without external vein mining in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5It is a structural schematic diagram of a parallelogram secondary mining block after mining by the backfill stacking mining method without external vein mining in the embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of mining a trapezoidal final mining block by a filling and stacking mining method without external vein mining in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the II-II plane;

[0037] Figure 8 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the III-III plane;

[0038] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an artificial false lane surface in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig.10 This is a structural schematic diagram of a filling retaining wall in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals: 1-return air lane; 2-inlet air transport lane; 3-exit mine transport lane; 4-first vein internal ramp; 5-first false lane; 6-chute; 7-second vein internal ramp; 8-second false lane; 9-first artificial false roof; 10-second artificial false roof; 11-column; 12-walking well; 13-third false lane; 14-U-shaped I-beam; 15-first geotextile layer; 16-first steel mesh; 17-steel plate ; 18-rebar; 19-filling retaining wall; 20-ventilation shaft; 21-upper plate surrounding rock; 22-lower plate surrounding rock; 23-blast hole; 24-ore body; 25-filling body; 26-rubber surface layer; 27-support beam; 28-first layer to be filled; 29-second layer to be filled; 191-second geotextile layer; 192-second steel mesh; 193-horizontal steel pipe layer; 194-vertical steel pipe layer; 195-inclined steel pipe layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0044] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or position relationship indicated by technical terms such as "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0046] At present, for the mining of gently inclined ore bodies, the off-vein mining method is generally adopted. The off-vein mining method will increase the mining and cutting workload and reduce the overall efficiency of the ore.

[0047] In order to solve the technical problem that the amount of excavation engineering outside the vein is large and the overall benefit of the ore is reduced, the present application provides a filling and stacking mining method without outside the vein mining. The mining process does not need to arrange the mining and cutting engineering outside the vein, reduce unnecessary excavation and mining engineering, and reduce mining costs. With the continuous progress of mining, dynamically changing chute, first false lane, first vein ramp, second false lane, second vein ramp and third false lane are formed in the ore body. These channels can be used as ventilation and transportation channels to ensure the smooth mining of the ore body; compared with the comprehensive method, room-pillar method and other methods, the ventilation conditions are better, and there is basically no ore residue, so as to improve the overall recovery rate index and mining efficiency of the slightly inclined and gently inclined ore body. And the mining method of the present invention is not only suitable for pan area mining, but also suitable for the mining of pan area columns and strips. The ventilation and pedestrian passages are safe and reliable during the mining process. After the mining is completed, the comprehensive recovery rate index of the gently inclined ore body is high.

[0048] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 , which is a structural schematic diagram of the backfilling and stacking mining method without external pulse mining provided in an embodiment of the present application, comprising the following steps:

[0049] S1. Divide the stope

[0050] Along the ore body strike ( Figure 1 The panel is divided into areas along the direction of the middle arrow) and pillars 11 are reserved at both ends of the panel; the mining areas are divided perpendicular to the direction of the ore body within the panel, and the ore body 24 in each mining area is divided into trapezoidal first mining blocks, parallelogram secondary mining blocks and trapezoidal final mining blocks along the direction of the ore body (i.e. the length direction of the mining area).

[0051] The intermediate pillars 11 are used to isolate adjacent panel areas. The height of the stope is the distance between the upper wall surrounding rock 21 and the lower wall surrounding rock 22.

[0052] If the thickness of the ore body is relatively thick, the disk area can be divided into different middle sections in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the ore body. Each middle section can be further divided into different segments, and the height of each segment is the mining area height.

[0053] S2. Accurate cutting

[0054] At the bottom of the two intermediate pillars 11 at both ends of the panel area, a return air tunnel 1 and an intake air transport tunnel 2 are excavated respectively, and it is ensured that the return air tunnel 1 is connected to the main return air system of the ore body (not shown in the figure), and the intake air transport tunnel 2 is connected to the main transport tunnel of the ore body (not shown in the figure).

[0055] Among them, the main return air system and main transportation tunnel of the ore body have been excavated in advance and are not within the scope of the mining and cutting project of this application.

[0056] The return air level tunnel 1 and the air inlet transport tunnel 2 are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, and the tunnel width is 1-1.5m wider than the maximum width of the transport equipment, preferably 1.2m, and the height is 0.5-1.0m higher than the maximum height of the transport equipment, preferably 0.6m. In this way, the tunnel dimensions of the return air level tunnel 1 and the air inlet transport tunnel 2 can meet the safe distance for the transport equipment to pass through, which is convenient for the ore to be unloaded.

[0057] S3, mining the first trapezoidal mining block

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, a mine-discharging transport tunnel 3 (also called bottom transport tunnel) connected to the return air tunnel 1 and the air inlet transport tunnel 2 is excavated at the bottom layer of the mine (i.e., the first mining layer) along the length direction of the mine, that is, the mine-discharging transport tunnel 3 runs through the trapezoidal first mining block, the parallelogram secondary mining block, and the trapezoidal final mining block. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the filling small layer stacking technology is then used to recover and fill the trapezoidal first mining block layer by layer from bottom to top, and the chute 6 and the first vein ramp 4 are respectively and gradually formed at both ends of the trapezoidal first mining block along the ore body. When filling each layer, 20%-30% of the height of the layer is reserved without filling, and the first to-be-filled layer 28 is formed in the other layers except the top layer, and the first false lane 5 is formed in the top layer. When the previous layer is recovered and filled, the 20%-30% height of the next layer that is not filled, that is, the first to-be-filled layer 28, is filled.

[0059] During the mining process, the main return air system, the return air level tunnel 1, the chute 6, the first to-be-filled layer 28 (or the first false tunnel 5), the first intra-vein ramp 4, the ore-exit transport tunnel 3 at the bottom of the parallelogram secondary mining block and the trapezoidal final mining block, the air inlet transport tunnel 2, and the main transport tunnel are connected in sequence to form a ventilation system. The first to-be-filled layer 28 (or the first false tunnel 5) and the first intra-vein ramp 4 serve as transport passages, and the operator drives the transport equipment to transport the ore mined from the trapezoidal first mining block from the transport passage to the chute 6.

[0060] S4, mining parallelogram secondary mining block

[0061] As shown in 3, along the first false tunnel 5 and the vein ramp 4, enter the bottom layer of the parallelogram secondary mining block (i.e., the first mining layer), as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the parallelogram secondary mining block is mined and filled layer by layer from bottom to top, and the second intra-vein ramp 7 is gradually formed at one end of the parallelogram secondary mining block close to the trapezoidal final mining block; when filling each layer, 20%-30% of the height of the layer is reserved and not filled, and the second to-be-filled layer 29 is formed in the layers other than the top layer, and the second false lane 8 is formed in the top layer, and the part of the first intra-vein ramp 4 at the same height as the layer to be filled is filled together, that is, with the continuous mining of the parallelogram secondary mining block, the length of the first intra-vein ramp 4 gradually decreases, and the length of the second intra-vein ramp 7 gradually increases. When the mining of the parallelogram secondary mining block is completed, a complete second intra-vein ramp 7 is formed, and the first intra-vein ramp 4 is completely filled. When the previous layer is mined and filled, the unfilled 20%-30% height of the next layer, i.e., the second to-be-filled layer 29, is filled.

[0062] During the mining process, the main return air system, the return air level tunnel 1, the chute 6, the first false tunnel 5, the first vein ramp 4, the second to-be-filled layer 29 (or the second false tunnel 8), the second vein ramp 7, the trapezoidal final mining block bottom ore-exit transport tunnel 3, the air intake transport tunnel 2 and the main transport tunnel are connected in sequence to form a ventilation system. The first false tunnel 5, the first vein ramp 4, the second to-be-filled layer 29 (or the second false tunnel 8) and the second vein ramp 7 serve as transportation channels, and the operator drives the transportation equipment to transport the ore of the parallelogram secondary mining block along the transportation channel to the chute 6.

[0063] S5, mining trapezoidal final mining block

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, along the first false tunnel 5, the second false tunnel 8 and the second vein intra-ramp 7, enter the bottom layer of the trapezoidal final mining block (i.e., the first mining layer), the trapezoidal final mining block is mined and filled layer by layer from bottom to top, and a pedestrian shaft 12 is gradually formed at the end of the trapezoidal final mining block away from the parallelogram secondary mining block; when filling each layer, 20%-30% of the height of the layer is reserved without filling, and a third layer to be filled is formed in the layers other than the top layer, and a third false tunnel 13 is formed in the top layer, and the part of the second vein intra-ramp 7 at the same height as the layer to be filled is filled, that is, with the continuous mining of the trapezoidal final mining block, the length of the second vein intra-ramp 7 gradually decreases, and when the mining of the trapezoidal final mining block is completed, the second vein intra-ramp 7 is completely filled.

[0065] During the mining process, the main return air system, the return air level tunnel 1, the chute 6, the first false tunnel 5, the second false tunnel 8, the second vein ramp 7, the third to-be-filled layer (or the third false tunnel 13), the pedestrian shaft 12, the air inlet transport tunnel 2 and the main transport tunnel are connected in sequence to form a ventilation system. The first false tunnel 5, the second false tunnel 8, the second vein ramp 7 and the third to-be-filled layer (or the third false tunnel 13) serve as transport passages, and operators drive the transport equipment to transport the ore of the trapezoidal final mining block to the chute 6 along the transport passages.

[0066] After all the mining in the mining area is completed, the first false tunnel 5, the second false tunnel 8, the third false tunnel 13, the chute 6 and the pedestrian shaft 12 are filled, and the return air tunnel 1 and the air intake transport tunnel 2 are not filled. The adjacent panel areas are mined as the adjacent panel area’s mining approval cutting project.

[0067] S6. Mining the ore body

[0068] Repeat steps S3 to S5 until all the stopes in the panel area are mined; then, the remaining panel areas are mined until the entire ore body is mined.

[0069] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, a return air tunnel 1 and an air inlet transport tunnel 2 are first excavated in the intermediate pillars 11 at both ends of the disk area, and then a mine discharge transport tunnel 3 is excavated at the bottom layer of the mining field, which passes through the trapezoidal first mining block, the parallelogram secondary mining block and the trapezoidal final mining block and is connected to the return air tunnel 1 and the air inlet transport tunnel 2 to form a ventilation system. Then, the trapezoidal first mining block, the parallelogram secondary mining block and the trapezoidal final mining block are mined in sequence, and each ore block is mined in layers from bottom to top. As the mining continues, a dynamically changing chute 6, a first layer to be filled 28 (the uppermost layer is called the first false tunnel 5), a first intra-vein ramp 4, a second layer to be filled 29 (the uppermost layer is called the second false tunnel 8), a second intra-vein ramp 7 and a second layer to be filled 29 (the uppermost layer is called the third false tunnel 13) are formed in the ore body 24. These channels can be used as ventilation and transportation channels to ensure the smooth mining of the ore body 24. In this application, while ensuring ventilation and safe transportation in advance, there is no need to arrange the mining and cutting project outside the vein during the mining process. On the one hand, the amount of mining and cutting engineering is greatly reduced. At the same time, the structure of the mining field is simple, and the underground production management model is simple, which can quickly form the production capacity of the disk area or mining field. On the other hand, no waste rock is generated during the mining and cutting and mining process. The production organization and management does not need to consider the problem of ore and waste rock diversion. There is no need to build and process large-scale waste rock yards on the surface. A large amount of ore is generated while the engineering is excavating, which greatly saves the comprehensive cost of excavation and production, and the economic benefits are significant. In the mining process, this application gradually recovers the trapezoidal first mining block, parallelogram secondary mining block and trapezoidal final mining block in the mining field. Compared with the comprehensive method, room-and-pillar method and other methods, the ventilation conditions are better, there is basically no ore residue, and the ore recovery rate is high.

[0070] Furthermore, if Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, before filling the topmost layers of the trapezoidal first mining block and the parallelogram secondary mining block, artificial false lanes are first set up at the bottom of the goaf as the first false lane 5 and the second false lane 8, and then the top is filled and connected, and the first artificial false roof 9 and the second artificial false roof 10 are respectively formed on the top of the first false lane 5 and the second false lane 8. That is, the first false lane 5 and the second false lane 8 in the topmost layers of the trapezoidal first mining block and the parallelogram secondary mining block are located on the bottom plate of the layer, and the first layer to be filled 28 and the second layer to be filled 29 of the remaining layers are located on the top plate of the layer.

[0071] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, before filling the topmost layer of the trapezoidal primary mining block and the parallelogram secondary mining block, an artificial false lane is first set up and connected to the return air lane 1 and the chute 6 at the end of the mining field, so that a pedestrian passage, a ventilation passage and a transportation passage of the mining field are formed in the subsequent mining process. After filling and connecting the top, the shovel equipment or personnel can form a passage through the pad road to reach the other side of the disk area, which can solve the problems of ventilation, safe exit, and mining route of the subsequent mining field. At the same time, since the first false lane 5 and the second false lane 8 of the topmost layer need to be used for a long time in the subsequent mining process, by setting up artificial false lanes as the first false lane 5 and the second false lane 8 of the topmost layer, it is safer and convenient for safe operation.

[0072] Further, in the embodiments of the present application, Fig. 9 As shown, the artificial false alley includes an inverted U-shaped I-beam 14, a steel mesh layer and a first geotextile layer 15 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, and a threaded steel bar 18 is arranged below the inverted U-shaped I-beam 14; the steel mesh layer includes a vertically arranged first steel mesh sheet 16 and a horizontally arranged steel plate 17. The width of the artificial false alley is 1.0-1.5m wider than the maximum width of the transportation equipment, preferably 1.2m, and the height is 0.5-1.0m higher than the maximum height of the transportation equipment, preferably 0.6m. Specifically, the inverted U-shaped I-beam 14 is an 18# I-beam, the diameter of the steel bars used in the first steel mesh sheet 16 is 5-8mm, preferably 6mm, the thickness of the steel plate 17 is 3-5mm, preferably 4mm, and the diameter of the threaded steel bar 18 is 18-22mm, preferably 20mm.

[0073] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, an inverted U-shaped I-beam 14 is provided as the supporting frame of the artificial false alley, and a steel mesh layer is provided on the outside thereof to improve the strength of the artificial false alley. At the same time, a threaded steel bar 18 is provided at the bottom of the inverted U-shaped I-beam 14 to prevent its deformation, further improve the strength of the artificial false alley, and ensure safe mining. The provision of the first geotextile layer 15 can prevent the filling slurry from infiltrating into the artificial false alley when filling and connecting the top. The artificial false alley has a simple structure and can be quickly built and formed.

[0074] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, when filling the layers of the trapezoidal primary mining block and the parallelogram secondary mining block (except the topmost layer), the filling is performed step by step for multiple times, each time with a height of 0.5-1.5m, and as the filling is performed step by step from bottom to top, the filling retaining wall 19 is moved forward 3-4m to the goaf each time. After each filling, the filling retaining wall 19 is removed, and road ballast or filling material is laid, so that the slope of the first intra-vein ramp 4 and the second intra-vein ramp 7 is 15°-20°. Specifically, after each layer is mined and filled, a shovel loader is used to pave the road with ballast or shovel and rake the filling body, and the first intra-vein ramp 4 and the second intra-vein ramp 7 that have been formed are topped and bottomed to reach the next layer, and the next layer is mined. During the mining process, the length of the first intra-vein ramp 4 and the second intra-vein ramp 7 is gradually extended. During the excavation of the first vein ramp 4 and the second vein ramp 7, the top plates thereof must be supported to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment during the mining process and to meet the requirements for laying temporary pipelines during the filling process.

[0075] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, each layer is gradually filled multiple times, so that the filling body 25 is easier to fill and connect to the top, and as the filling is gradually filled from bottom to top, the filling retaining wall 19 is moved forward 3-4m to the goaf each time, so as to ensure the smooth formation of the first intra-vein ramp 4 and the second intra-vein ramp 7. At the same time, after the filling retaining wall 19 is removed, road ballast or filling material is laid to make the bottom of the first intra-vein ramp 4 and the second intra-vein ramp 7 flat, so that personnel and equipment can go up to the filling body through the gradually formed first intra-vein ramp 4 and the second intra-vein ramp 7, so as to continue the mining of the previous layer.

[0076] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present application, the mining field includes a one-step mining field and a two-step mining field that are arranged at intervals. The one-step mining field is mined first, and then the two-step mining field is mined. The mining progress of the two-step mining field lags behind that of the one-step mining field by 1-2 mins.

[0077] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by dividing the mining field into a one-step mining field and a two-step mining field, the two-step mining field can serve as a support body for the one-step mining field to ensure the safety of mining; and the mining progress of the two-step mining field lags behind that of the one-step mining field by 1-2 units, that is, as long as the mining progress of the two-step mining field lags behind that of the one-step mining field by 1-2 units, the one-step mining field and the two-step mining field can be mined at the same time to improve mining efficiency.

[0078] Further, in the embodiments of the present application, Figure 7As shown, before filling each layer, a ventilation shaft 20 is reserved which is parallel to the chute 6 and connected to the return air lane 1 (at this time, a tunnel is excavated in the intermediate column 11 to connect the ventilation shaft 20 with the return air lane 1). The ventilation shaft 20 is formed by welding a thick steel plate rolled into a circular barrel or directly built of concrete. The diameter of the ventilation shaft 20 is 1-2m, preferably 1.5m; when the ventilation shaft 20 is formed by welding a thick steel plate rolled into a circular barrel, it is also connected by welding at a height of every 1.5-2.5m, and during the welding process, it is ensured that the welding joints are tight to prevent the infiltration of filling slurry during the filling process.

[0079] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by providing a ventilation shaft 20, the ventilation system is further improved, so that the ventilation effect of the mining process is better.

[0080] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the width of the intermediate pillar 11 is 14-20m. The length of the panel area is related to the true thickness of the ore body and the stability of the roof. The width of the panel area is determined by the number of mining sites and the production capacity. In general, when the true thickness of the ore body is ≤6m, the length of the panel area is ≤80m; when the true thickness of the ore body is >6m, the length of the panel area increases by at least 30m for every 4m increase in the thickness of the ore body; when the stability of the roof is good, the length of the panel area can be appropriately increased. The length of the mining site is 50-80m, and the width is the maximum unsupported span of the roof, which is determined by engineering geological surveys and calculations, generally 10-16m, and the spacing between the chute 6 and the ventilation shaft 20 is 5-7m.

[0081] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the mining process is completed safely and smoothly by reasonably setting the dimensions of the pillars 11 and the mining field.

[0082] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the radius of the chute 6 is 0.5-1.5m, preferably 1.0m. The chute 6 is formed by welding a thick steel plate rolled into a circular barrel or directly made of concrete. When the ventilation shaft 20 is formed by welding a thick steel plate rolled into a circular barrel, it is connected by welding every 1.5-2.5m in height. During the welding process, the welding joints are ensured to be tight to prevent the infiltration of the filling slurry during the filling process. Specifically, when filling the strata of the trapezoidal first mining block, a filling retaining wall 19 is set near one end of the first vein ramp 4, and a filling retaining wall is formed by the chute 6, the ventilation shaft 20 and the side wall of the intermediate pillar 11 near the end of the return air level tunnel 1. When filling the strata of the trapezoidal final mining block, a filling retaining wall is formed by the pedestrian shaft 12 and the side wall of the intermediate pillar 11 near the end of the intermediate pillar 11. The formation method of the ventilation shaft 20 is the same as that of the chute 6, which will not be repeated here. The chute 6, ventilation shaft 20 and pedestrian shaft 12 have simple structures and can be quickly constructed.

[0083] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the chute 6 is formed by rolling thick steel plates into round barrels and welding them or directly building them with concrete, so as to improve the stability of the chute 6 and prevent the ore from damaging the wall of the chute 6 when falling.

[0084] Further, in the embodiments of the present application, Fig.10 As shown, the filling retaining wall 19 includes a vertical unit and an inclined support unit. The vertical unit includes a second geotextile layer 191, a second steel mesh 192, a horizontal steel pipe layer 193 and a vertical steel pipe layer 194 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the inclined support unit includes an inclined steel pipe layer 195 connected to the horizontal steel pipe layer 193. Specifically, the vertical steel pipe layer 194 includes two steel pipes located at both ends, and the inclined steel pipe layer 195 includes two steel pipes located at both ends. The diameter of the steel bars used in the second steel mesh 192 is 5-8 mm, preferably 6 mm, and the size of the second steel mesh 192 is (1.0-1.5) m×(1.5-2.5) m. The diameter of the steel pipes used in the horizontal steel pipe layer 193, the vertical steel pipe layer 194 and the inclined steel pipe layer 195 is 40-50 mm, preferably 42 mm.

[0085] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the filling retaining wall 19 has a simple structure while meeting the strength required for the filling process, and is easy to construct and disassemble. A large amount of steel pipes and steel mesh can be recycled for reuse in the later stage.

[0086] Further, in the embodiments of the present application, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when filling the layers of the trapezoidal first mining block, the parallelogram secondary mining block and the trapezoidal final mining block, a 0.3-0.6m rubber surface layer 26 is set on the upper part of each layered filling body 25. Therefore, when mining the parallelogram secondary mining block, the bottom layer of the parallelogram secondary mining block is entered along the rubber surface layer 26 at the bottom of the first false tunnel 5 and the first vein ramp 4 for mining; when mining the trapezoidal final mining block, the bottom layer of the trapezoidal final mining block is entered along the rubber surface layer 26 at the bottom of the first false tunnel 5, the rubber surface layer 26 at the second false tunnel 8 and the second vein ramp 7 for mining.

[0087] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by providing the rubber surface layer 26, not only the strength of the filling body 25 can be improved, but also the passage can be made smoother, which is convenient for transportation equipment to enter.

[0088] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, in order to further improve the recovery rate, the pillars 11 are mined by the approach method or the method of mining the disk area of ​​the present application, and as many pillars 11 as possible are recovered. Compared with mining the pillars 11 by collapsing the ore with the cutting groove and the empty area as the free surface, the ore is removed by a remote-controlled shovel loader. In the approach method of mining the pillars 11, people can drive the shovel loader into the mining field during the ore recovery process, thereby reducing ore losses.

[0089] The present application is described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0090] A backfilling and stacking mining method without external mining, comprising the following steps:

[0091] S1. Divide the stope

[0092] The panel area is divided along the ore body strike, and pillars 11 are reserved at both ends of the panel area; the mining field is divided perpendicular to the ore body strike in the panel area, and the ore body 24 in each mining field is divided into trapezoidal first mining blocks, parallelogram secondary mining blocks and trapezoidal final mining blocks along the ore body strike.

[0093] Among them, the length of the panel area is 80-180m; the width of the intermediate pillar 11 is 14-20m; the length of the stope is 50-80m and the width is 10-16m.

[0094] S2. Accurate cutting

[0095] At the bottom of the two intermediate pillars 11 at both ends of the panel area, a return air tunnel 1 and an intake air transport tunnel 2 are excavated respectively, and it is ensured that the return air tunnel 1 is connected to the main return air system of the ore body, and the intake air transport tunnel 2 is connected to the main transport tunnel of the ore body.

[0096] Then, the filling and small layer stacking technology is used to recover and fill the different ore blocks in the stope layer by layer from bottom to top, with a layer height of 6m. Figure 7 As shown, the mining process uses horizontal blastholes 23 to collapse the ore. The specific mining steps are as follows:

[0097] S3, mining the first trapezoidal mining block

[0098] like Figure 1As shown, a mine transport tunnel 3 connected to the return air tunnel 1 and the air inlet transport tunnel 2 is excavated at the bottom of the mine along the length direction of the mine. After the bottom layer of the trapezoidal first mining block is mined, multiple gradual fillings are carried out. A filling retaining wall 19 is set at one end close to the parallelogram secondary mining block, and a chute 6 and a ventilation shaft 20 are constructed at one end close to the return air tunnel 1. The chute 6, the ventilation shaft 20 and the side walls of the intermediate pillars 11 are used as filling retaining walls. The filling pipeline is connected to the surface filling system. The filling pipeline passes through the main return air system, the return air tunnel 1, and the ventilation shaft 20 in turn to enter the mine for filling. Each filling is 1.0m high, and as it is gradually filled from bottom to top, the filling height is gradually increased. Fill, each time the filling retaining wall 19 is arranged 3-4m forward of the goaf. After each filling, the filling retaining wall 19 is removed, and road ballast or filling material is laid to gradually form a first intra-vein ramp 4 with a slope of 15° (the surface of the first intra-vein ramp 4 is cast with C10 concrete 0.1m), and the final filling height of each layer is 4m. At the same time, a 0.5m rubber surface layer 26 is set on the upper part of each layer of filling body 25, and the compressive strength of the rubber surface layer 26 reaches 1Mpa, that is, the total thickness is 4.5m. After each layer is mined and filled, when the filling body 25 reaches the strength requirement for the operation of the load-bearing equipment, a shovel loader is used to pave the road with ballast or a shovel and rake filling body to form a transportation channel, and the first intra-vein ramp 4 that has been formed is topped and bottomed to reach the next layer, and the next layer is mined.

[0099] Before filling the topmost layer of the trapezoidal first mining block, an artificial false tunnel is first set up at the bottom of the goaf as the first false tunnel 5, and then the top is filled to form the first artificial false roof 9 on the top of the first false tunnel 5.

[0100] In the mining process of this application, shallow hole mining is adopted. The depth of blasthole 23 is generally 2-4m. The height of the empty roof is not high. The roof can be picked up or supported by manual or equipment, and then the personnel directly drive the equipment into the tunnel to recover the collapsed ore, and the recovery rate index is relatively high. However, after the collapse of the traditional method, the ore is scattered in the empty area, and the apportionment area is large. When using a line-of-sight remote control shovel, the personnel in the tunnel cannot observe the scattered ore in the empty area, so the recovery efficiency is low. If a camera shovel is used, it will be affected by water mist and dust in the empty area, and it will not be able to go deep into the empty area to recover all the ore.

[0101] S4, mining parallelogram secondary mining block

[0102] As shown in 3, the bottom layer of the parallelogram secondary mining block is entered along the first false tunnel 5 and the first intra-vein ramp 4. After the bottom layer of the parallelogram secondary mining block is mined, multiple gradual fillings are carried out. A filling retaining wall 19 is constructed at one end close to the trapezoidal final mining block. The filling is directly carried out to the first intra-vein ramp 4 and the part of the first intra-vein ramp 4 at the same height as the layer to be filled is filled together. The filling pipeline is connected to the surface filling system. The filling pipeline passes through the main return air system, the return air tunnel 1, the ventilation shaft 20, and the first false tunnel 5 in turn to enter the mining area for filling. The filling height is 1.0m each time, and as the filling is gradually carried out from bottom to top, the arrangement position of the filling retaining wall 19 is moved 3-4m forward to the goaf each time. After completion, the filling retaining wall 19 is removed, and road ballast or filling material is laid to gradually form a second intra-vein ramp 7 with a slope of 15° (the surface of the second intra-vein ramp 7 is cast with C10 concrete at 0.1m). The final filling height of each layer is 4m. At the same time, a 0.5m rubber surface layer 26 is set on the upper part of each layer of filling body 25. The compressive strength of the rubber surface layer 26 reaches 1Mpa, that is, the total thickness is 4.5m. After each layer is mined and filled, when the filling body 25 reaches the strength requirement for the operation of the load-bearing equipment, a shovel loader is used to pave the road with ballast or a shovel and rake filling body, and the next layer is reached after the top and bottom are picked up and pressed by the formed second intra-vein ramp 7, and the next layer is mined.

[0103] Before filling the topmost layer of the trapezoidal first mining block, an artificial false tunnel is first set up at the bottom of the goaf as the second false tunnel 8, and then the top is filled to form a second artificial false roof 10 on the top of the second false tunnel 8.

[0104] S5, mining trapezoidal final mining block

[0105] like Figure 5 As shown, the bottom layer of the trapezoidal final mining block is entered along the first false tunnel 5, the second false tunnel 8 and the second vein ramp 7. After the bottom layer of the trapezoidal final mining block is mined, multiple gradual fillings are carried out. A pedestrian shaft 12 is constructed at one end close to the intermediate pillar 11, and a filling retaining wall is formed by the side walls of the pedestrian shaft 12 and the intermediate pillar 11. The filling is directly filled to the second vein ramp 7 and the part of the second vein ramp 7 at the same height as the layer to be filled is filled together. The filling pipeline is connected to the surface filling system. The filling pipeline passes through the main return air system, the return air level tunnel 1, the ventilation shaft 20, the first false tunnel 5, and the second false tunnel 8 in turn to enter the mining site for filling. The filling height is 1.0m each time, and the final filling height of each layer is 4m. At the same time, a 0.5m rubber surface layer 26 is set on the upper part of each layer filling body 25. The compressive strength of the rubber surface layer 26 reaches 1Mpa, that is, the total thickness is 4.5m.

[0106] S6. Mining recovery

[0107] Repeat steps S3 to S5 until all the mining areas in the panel area are mined, and the mining progress of the second-step mining area lags behind the first-step mining area by 2; then mine the remaining panel areas until the entire ore body is mined.

[0108] In this embodiment, the kiloton mining-to-cut ratio is 5.1 m / kt, the depletion rate is about 8%, and the loss rate is 8%. Compared with the traditional mechanized upward layered filling mining method, the kiloton mining-to-cut ratio is reduced by about 10 percentage points.

[0109] Please also read Figures 1 to 10 According to one or more embodiments of the present application, the mining process of the present application does not need to arrange mining and cutting projects outside the vein, thereby reducing unnecessary excavation and mining projects and reducing mining costs; compared with the comprehensive method, room-and-pillar method and other methods, the ventilation conditions are better; and there is basically no ore residue, and the overall recovery rate index and mining efficiency of the ore body are high.

[0110] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present application, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A backfilling and stacking mining method without external mining, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Divide the panel area along the ore body strike and reserve pillars at both ends of the panel area; divide the stope area perpendicular to the ore body strike in the panel area, and divide each stope area into a trapezoidal first mining block, a parallelogram secondary mining block and a trapezoidal final mining block along the ore body strike; S2. Excavating a return air lane and an air intake transport lane at the bottom of the pillars at both ends, respectively. The return air lane is connected to the main return air system of the ore body, and the air intake transport lane is connected to the main transport lane of the ore body; S3, excavating a mine-discharging transport tunnel connected to the return air tunnel and the air inlet transport tunnel at the bottom of the stope; mining and filling the trapezoidal first mining block layer by layer from bottom to top, forming a chute and a first intra-vein ramp at both ends of the trapezoidal first mining block along the ore body; when filling each layer, reserving 20%-30% of the layer height, and forming a first false tunnel at the top layer, and forming a first to-be-filled layer in the remaining layers; S4, entering the bottom layer of the parallelogram secondary mining block along the first false lane and the first intra-vein ramp, mining and filling the parallelogram secondary mining block layer by layer from bottom to top, and forming a second intra-vein ramp at one end of the parallelogram secondary mining block close to the trapezoidal final mining block; when filling each layer, reserving 20%-30% of the layer height, and forming a second false lane in the top layer, forming a second layer to be filled in the remaining layers, and filling the part of the first intra-vein ramp at the same height as the layer to be filled; S5, entering the bottom layer of the trapezoidal final mining block along the first false lane, the second false lane and the second intra-vein ramp, mining and filling the trapezoidal final mining block layer by layer from bottom to top, and gradually forming a pedestrian shaft at the end of the trapezoidal final mining block away from the parallelogram secondary mining block; when filling each layer, reserve 20%-30% of the layer height, and form a third false lane in the top layer, form a third to-be-filled layer in the remaining layers, and fill the part of the second intra-vein ramp at the same height as the to-be-filled layer; S6. Repeat steps S3 to S5 until all the stopes in the panel area are mined; then, the remaining panel areas are mined until the entire ore body is mined.

2. The backfilling and stacking mining method without external pulse mining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Before filling the topmost layers of the trapezoidal primary mining block and the parallelogram secondary mining block, artificial false tunnels are first set up on the bottom plate of the goaf as the first false tunnel and the second false tunnel, and then the tops are filled and connected to form the first artificial false top and the second artificial false top at the tops of the first false tunnel and the second false tunnel, respectively.

3. The backfilling and stacking mining method without external pulse mining according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The artificial false alley includes an inverted U-shaped I-beam, a steel mesh layer and a first geotextile layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, and a threaded steel bar is arranged under the inverted U-shaped I-beam; the steel mesh layer includes a vertically arranged first steel mesh sheet and a horizontally arranged steel plate; the width of the artificial false alley is 1.0-1.5m wider than the maximum width of the transportation equipment, and the height is 0.5-1.0m higher than the maximum height of the transportation equipment.

4. The backfilling and stacking mining method without external pulse mining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When filling the layers of the trapezoidal primary mining block and the parallelogram secondary mining block, the filling height is 0.5-1.5m each time, and as the filling is done from bottom to top, the filling retaining wall is moved forward 3-4m toward the goaf each time. After each filling, the filling retaining wall is removed, and road ballast or filling material is laid to make the slope of the first vein intra-inclined ramp and the second vein intra-inclined ramp be 15°-20°.

5. The backfilling and stacking mining method without external pulse mining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The stopes include a one-step stope and a two-step stope that are arranged at intervals, and the mining progress of the two-step stope lags behind that of the one-step stope by 1-2 stops.

6. The backfilling and stacking mining method without external pulse mining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Before filling, a ventilation shaft parallel to the chute is reserved, the diameter of the ventilation shaft is 1-2m, and the ventilation shaft is formed by rolling thick steel plates into round barrels and welding them or by piling up concrete.

7. The backfilling and stacking mining method without external pulse mining as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: The width of the column is 14-20m; When the true thickness of the ore body is ≤6m, the length of the panel area is ≤80m; when the true thickness of the ore body is >6m, the length of the panel area increases by at least 30m for every 4m increase in the true thickness of the ore body; The length of the mining area is 50-80m, and the width is 10-16m; the distance between the chute and the ventilation shaft is 5-7m.

8. The backfilling and stacking mining method without external pulse mining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The radius of the chute is 0.5-1.5m, and the chute is formed by rolling thick steel plates into round barrels and welding them or by piling up concrete.

9. The backfilling and stacking mining method without external pulse mining as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: The filling retaining wall 19 includes a vertical unit and an inclined support unit; the vertical unit includes a second geotextile layer, a second steel mesh, a horizontal steel pipe layer and a vertical steel pipe layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the inclined support unit includes an inclined steel pipe layer connected to the horizontal steel pipe layer.

10. The backfilling and stacking mining method without external pulse mining as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When filling the layers of the trapezoidal first mining block, the parallelogram secondary mining block and the trapezoidal final mining block, a 0.3-0.6 m rubber surface layer is set on the upper part of each layered filling body.

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