Air type photovoltaic photo-thermal wall surface structure and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an air type photovoltaic photo-thermal wall surface structure and a using method thereof. The air type photovoltaic photo-thermal wall surface structure comprises a window partition plate assembly and a window photovoltaic photo-thermal cover assembly. The window photovoltaic photo-thermal cover assemblies are arranged on the outer side of the building wall at intervals. The window partition plate assembly is arranged on the periphery of the window photovoltaic photo-thermal cover assembly in a surrounding mode and connected with a building wall. The window photovoltaic photo-thermal cover assembly comprises a first photovoltaic panel, a window body, a first exhaust grille, a first air inlet grille and a heat dissipation grille. The window body is arranged opposite to a window of a building wall body; the first photovoltaic panel is arranged below the window body; the first exhaust grid is vertically arranged between the first photovoltaic panel and the window body; the first air inlet grille is arranged at the lower end of the first photovoltaic panel; the heat dissipation grating is horizontally arranged between the first photovoltaic panel and the window body and located above the first exhaust grating. The heat generated by the photovoltaic panel can be quickly discharged and stored, and the thermal environment of the building wall facade can be regulated and controlled; effective combination of the photovoltaic module and the window of the building wall is satisfied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of building engineering, and in particular relates to an air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the sustained and rapid economic development, in order to solve the rapid population growth caused by urbanization, residential buildings provide a guarantee for cities to accommodate more residents; however, the thermal performance of the facades of existing residential buildings is relatively weak and can no longer meet the thermal comfort needs of urban residents; in order to maintain a relatively comfortable living thermal environment, a large amount of energy is required for cooling or heating.

[0003] Traditional solutions to building thermal comfort mainly include: installing insulation boards, changing the reflectivity of surface coatings, changing sunshade and three-dimensional greening, etc.; but the above solutions usually have the following problems: they can only delay the convergence of indoor and outdoor temperatures of the building, only deal with a single season of hot summer or cold winter, and there are problems such as leaf fall in winter and difficulty in daily maintenance; considering that the renovation of existing buildings not only requires a thermal environment suitable for different seasons, but also needs to meet the practical problems of easy construction and maintenance, the proposed air-type photovoltaic thermal wall can comprehensively reduce the cold and heat loads of the building and provide clean energy, and has gradually become an important solution to solving building thermal comfort.

[0004] At present, the existing air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure mainly includes: (1) setting a vertically penetrating air layer between the photovoltaic panel and the building wall, for example: Chinese patent application "A light shell external insulation photovoltaic thermal integrated wall structure" (application number: CN202111246811.6); (2) setting a certain distance between photovoltaic panels and setting a vertically penetrating air layer between photovoltaic panels and the wall; (3) dividing the photovoltaic components into independent units according to a certain size, setting a vertically penetrating air layer between the photovoltaic panel and the building wall, and changing the direction of the vent to perpendicular to the wall through the partition; Among them, in the above methods (1) and (2), the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panel during power generation can be discharged through the chimney effect of the air layer, while reducing the building facade connection. The solar radiation received can reduce the building's summer cooling load and provide clean electricity. However, the above two methods cannot effectively use the heat generated by photovoltaic panels to warm the building envelope in winter. In addition, the construction method of method (2) will also damage the integrity of the building facade. In addition, method (3) can meet the use requirements of the building's through-type wall, but it cannot solve the problem of the combination of photovoltaic components and windows, and usually exposes the building windows directly outside the photovoltaic thermal wall system. Windows are the weak link in the thermal performance of buildings. When designing photovoltaic thermal walls, the combination of photovoltaic thermal wall systems and windows must be considered. In addition, the lack of construction methods for photovoltaic components at windows and window sills is not conducive to maintaining the unity and integrity of the building facade, causing unnecessary difficulties in subsequent maintenance. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure and a method of using the same to solve the technical problem that the existing photovoltaic thermal wall system cannot meet the requirements of effective combination of photovoltaic components and building wall windows.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The present invention provides an air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure, comprising a photovoltaic thermal cover unit at a window; the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window is installed at the window position of a building wall; the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window comprises a window partition assembly and a window photovoltaic thermal cover assembly; the window photovoltaic thermal cover assembly is arranged at intervals on the outside of the building wall; the window partition assembly is arranged around the window photovoltaic thermal cover assembly and is connected to the building wall; The window photovoltaic thermal cover assembly comprises a first photovoltaic panel, a window, a first exhaust grille, a first air intake grille and a heat dissipation grille; the window is arranged opposite to the window of the building wall; the first photovoltaic panel is arranged below the window; the first exhaust grille is arranged vertically between the first photovoltaic panel and the window; the first air intake grille is arranged at the lower end of the first photovoltaic panel; the heat dissipation grille is arranged horizontally between the first photovoltaic panel and the window, and is located above the first exhaust grille; The first photovoltaic panel includes a base layer, a conductive layer, a photovoltaic active layer, an electron transport layer, an encapsulation layer and an outer layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top; the base layer adopts a glass base, the conductive layer adopts a transparent conductive oxide, the photovoltaic active layer adopts a perovskite material, the electron transport layer adopts titanium dioxide, the encapsulation layer adopts ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and the outer layer adopts a glass layer.

[0007] Further, the window partition assembly includes a first horizontal partition, a second horizontal partition, a third horizontal partition and two first vertical partitions; The first horizontal partition is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the upper edge of the window of the building wall, the second horizontal partition is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the lower edge of the window of the building wall, and the third horizontal partition is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the upper edge of the window of the next layer of building wall or on the outer side of the bottom end of the building wall; Two first vertical partitions are arranged vertically and in parallel, wherein the upper end of one of the first vertical partitions is connected to one end of the first horizontal partition, and the lower end of one of the first vertical partitions is connected to one end of the third horizontal partition; the upper end of the other first vertical partition is connected to the other end of the first horizontal partition, and the lower end of the other first vertical partition is connected to the other end of the third horizontal partition; one end of the second horizontal partition is connected to the middle of one of the first vertical partitions, and the other end is connected to the middle of the other first vertical partition; The second horizontal partition plate is provided with a grille installation opening, and the heat dissipation grille is horizontally installed in the grille installation opening; the first exhaust grille is arranged below the second horizontal partition plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the first air intake grille is arranged at the upper edge of the window of the next layer of the building wall or at a position near the ground at the bottom end of the building wall.

[0009] Furthermore, the air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure also includes a photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall; The through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover unit is installed at the through-type wall position of the building wall; the through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover unit includes a through-type wall partition assembly and a through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly; the through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly is arranged at intervals on the outside of the building wall; the through-type wall partition assembly is arranged around the through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly and connected to the building wall; The through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly includes a second photovoltaic panel, a second air intake grille and a second exhaust grille; the second photovoltaic panel is vertically spaced apart on the outside of the through-type wall of the building wall, and the fourth side of the second photovoltaic panel is connected to the through-type wall partition assembly; the second air intake grille is vertically arranged at the lower end of the second photovoltaic panel, and the second exhaust grille is vertically arranged at the upper end of the second photovoltaic panel.

[0010] Furthermore, the through-type wall partition assembly includes a fourth horizontal partition, a fifth horizontal partition and two second vertical partitions; The fourth horizontal partition is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the second exhaust grille, one side of the fourth horizontal partition is fixedly connected to the outer side of the through-type wall surface of the building wall, and the other side is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second exhaust grille; the fifth horizontal partition is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the second air intake grille, one side of the fifth horizontal partition is fixedly connected to the outer side of the through-type wall surface of the building wall, and the other side is fixedly connected to the lower end of the second air intake grille; Two second vertical partitions are arranged vertically in parallel, wherein the upper end of one of the second vertical partitions is connected to one end of the fourth horizontal partition, and the lower end of one of the second vertical partitions is connected to one end of the fifth horizontal partition; the upper end of the other second vertical partition is connected to the other end of the fourth horizontal partition, and the lower end of the other second vertical partition is connected to the other end of the fifth horizontal partition.

[0011] Furthermore, in the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window and the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall arranged on the same layer, the first air intake grille and the second air intake grille are located on the same horizontal line.

[0012] Furthermore, the window body is a sliding window; the sliding window comprises a window frame and a glass window body, the window frame is made of thermally-insulated aluminum or plastic steel; the glass window body is made of hollow glass.

[0013] Furthermore, the first exhaust grille, the first air intake grille, the heat dissipation grille, the second air intake grille and the second exhaust grille are all openable and closable ventilation grilles; The openable and closable ventilation grille comprises a grille frame and louver grille blades installed in the grille frame; In the first air intake grille and the second air intake grille, the maximum opening angle of the louver grille blades is 45°, the opening direction of the louver grille blades is inclined downward, and the upper ends of the louver grille blades are arranged close to one side of the building wall; In the first exhaust grille and the second exhaust grille, the maximum opening angle of the louver grille blades is 45°, the opening direction of the louver grille blades is inclined downward, and the upper ends of the louver grille blades are arranged away from one side of the building wall; In the heat dissipation grille, the maximum opening angle of the louver grille blades is arranged parallel to the outer side surface of the building wall.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for using an air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure, comprising the following steps: When there is a cooling load in the building or the indoor temperature in summer of the building is higher than the first preset temperature, the heat dissipation grille is closed, the first exhaust grille and the first air intake grille are opened, and the window is kept open; When there is a cold load in the building or the indoor temperature of the building in winter is lower than the second preset temperature, the heat dissipation grille is opened, the first exhaust grille and the first air intake grille are closed, and the window is kept closed.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes: When there is a cooling load in the building or the indoor temperature of the building in summer is higher than the first preset temperature, the second air intake grille and the second air exhaust grille are opened; When there is a cooling load in the building or the indoor temperature of the building in winter is lower than the second preset temperature, the second air intake grille and the second air exhaust grille are closed.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides an air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure and a method for using the same. By setting a photovoltaic thermal cover unit at a window, the opening and closing states of a first exhaust grille, a first air intake grille and a heat dissipation grille are adjusted according to the cold and hot loads of the building, so as to achieve rapid discharge and storage of heat generated by the photovoltaic panels. Adjustment and control can be performed conveniently according to the outdoor thermal environment and indoor heating or cooling needs, so as to achieve targeted regulation of the thermal environment of the building wall facade and effectively reduce the heating or cooling energy consumption of the building. At the same time, the photovoltaic components can be effectively combined with the windows of the building walls.

[0017] Furthermore, the first air intake grille is arranged at the upper edge of the window of the next layer of the building wall or at the bottom of the building wall near the ground, so as to ensure that the temperature of the air intake grille openings of the photovoltaic components at the same horizontal layer is basically uniform, thereby reducing the cross-influence of the temperatures of the inlet and outlet grille openings; at the same time, the integrity of the photovoltaic thermal components at the window sill wall of the building can be ensured, avoiding the messy facade caused by the setting of the air intake grille.

[0018] Furthermore, by setting a photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall, and by adjusting the opening and closing states of the second air intake grille and the second exhaust grille, a synergistic effect is achieved with the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window to achieve rapid discharge and storage of heat generated by the photovoltaic panels, effectively reducing the heating or cooling requirements of the building; at the same time, the uniformity of the building facade design is ensured.

[0019] Furthermore, the first air intake grille and the second air intake grille arranged on the same layer are arranged on the same horizontal line, so as to ensure that the temperature of the air intake grille openings of the photovoltaic modules at the same horizontal layer and different facades is basically uniform as much as possible, thereby reducing the cross-influence of the temperature of the inlet and outlet grille openings.

[0020] Furthermore, the upper ends of the louver blades of the air intake grille are arranged close to one side of the building wall, the upper ends of the louver blades of the exhaust grille are arranged away from one side of the building wall, and the maximum opening angle of the louver blades in the heat dissipation grille is arranged parallel to the outer side surface of the building wall, ensuring that the air intake grille, the exhaust grille and the heat dissipation grille have a sufficiently large ventilation flow path when they are in the open state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic heat shield unit at the window in the embodiment; Figure 2 It is a longitudinal section view of the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall in the embodiment; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the photovoltaic heat shield unit at the window in the embodiment; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall in the embodiment; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first photovoltaic panel in the embodiment.

[0022] Among them, 101 is the first horizontal partition, 102 is the second horizontal partition, 103 is the third horizontal partition, 104 is the first photovoltaic panel, 1041 is the base layer, 1042 is the conductive layer, 1043 is the photovoltaic active layer, 1044 is the electron transport layer, 1045 is the encapsulation layer, 1046 is the outer layer, 105 is the window, 106 is the first air intake grille, 107 is the first exhaust grille, 108 is the heat dissipation grille, 109 is the first vertical partition, 110 is the first fixed keel; 201 is the fourth horizontal partition, 202 is the fifth horizontal partition, 203 is the second vertical partition, 204 is the second photovoltaic panel, 205 is the second air intake grille, 206 is the second exhaust grille, 207 is the second fixed keel, and 208 is the reinforcement keel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail in the following specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0024] Example As attached Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment provides an air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure, including a photovoltaic thermal cover unit at a window and a photovoltaic thermal cover unit at a through-type wall; wherein the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window is installed at the window position of the building wall; the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall is installed at the through-type wall position of the building wall; through the unified design of the photovoltaic thermal covers at the windows and through-type walls of the building wall, it is possible to ensure the uniformity of the building facade design, and meet the requirements of all building wall facade renovations that meet the sunlight conditions required for photovoltaic power generation.

[0025] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic heat shield unit at the window includes a window partition assembly and a window photovoltaic heat shield assembly; the window photovoltaic heat shield assembly is arranged at intervals on the outside of the building wall, and the window partition assembly is arranged around the window photovoltaic heat shield assembly and connected to the building wall; the window partition assembly includes a first horizontal partition 101, a second horizontal partition 102, a third horizontal partition 103 and two first vertical partitions 109; the window photovoltaic heat shield assembly includes a first photovoltaic panel 104, a window 105, a first exhaust grille 106, a first air intake grille 107 and a heat dissipation grille 108; The first photovoltaic panel 104 includes a base layer 1041, a conductive layer 1042, a photovoltaic active layer 1043, an electron transport layer 1044, an encapsulation layer 1045 and an outer layer 1046 arranged in order from bottom to top; the base layer 1041 is a glass substrate, the conductive layer 1042 is a transparent conductive oxide, the photovoltaic active layer 1043 is a perovskite material, the electron transport layer 1044 is titanium dioxide, the encapsulation layer 1045 is an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and the outer layer 1046 is a glass layer; The conductive layer 1042 is made of transparent conductive oxide, which is used to collect and transmit the current generated by the photovoltaic active layer; the photovoltaic active layer 1043 is made of perovskite material to achieve photoelectric conversion; the electron transport layer 1044 is made of titanium dioxide, which is mainly responsible for transmitting electrons and inhibiting electron backflow; the encapsulation layer 1045 is made of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, which is used to protect the electronic components inside the photovoltaic panel from corrosion by the external environment; The first photovoltaic panel 104 realizes the photoelectric conversion process through its unique multi-layer structure. After sunlight irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic panel, photons penetrate the outer layer 1046 and the encapsulation layer 1045 and enter the photovoltaic active layer 1043. The photons are absorbed by the perovskite material in the photovoltaic active layer 1043 and excite electron-hole pairs. Under the action of the electric field, the electrons are transmitted to the conductive layer 1042 through the electron transport layer 1044 and are finally collected and utilized by the external circuit. The encapsulation layer 1045 and the outer layer 1046 jointly protect the electronic components inside the photovoltaic panel from erosion by the external environment. The multi-layer structure enables the first photovoltaic panel 104 to have high photoelectric conversion efficiency and good durability.

[0026] The first horizontal partition 101 is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the upper edge of the window of the building wall, the second horizontal partition 102 is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the lower edge of the window of the building wall, and the third horizontal partition 103 is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the upper edge of the window of the next layer of the building wall or on the outer side of the bottom end of the building wall; two first vertical partitions 109 are arranged vertically in parallel, the upper end of one of the first vertical partitions 109 is connected to one end of the first horizontal partition 101, and the lower end of one of the first vertical partitions 109 is connected to one end of the third horizontal partition 103; the upper end of the other first vertical partition 109 is connected to the other end of the first horizontal partition 101, and the lower end of the other first vertical partition 109 is connected to the other end of the third horizontal partition 103; one end of the second horizontal partition 102 is connected to the middle of one of the first vertical partitions 109, and the other end is connected to the middle of the other first vertical partition 109.

[0027] The window 105 is arranged opposite to the window of the building wall; one end of the first horizontal partition 101 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the upper edge of the window of the building wall, and the other end of the first horizontal partition 101 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the window 105; one end of the second horizontal partition 102 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the lower edge of the window of the building wall, and the other end of the second horizontal partition 102 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the window 105; preferably, the window 105 adopts a sliding window; the sliding window includes a window frame and a glass window installed in the window frame; wherein the window frame is made of thermally broken aluminum or plastic steel material; the glass window is made of hollow glass.

[0028] The first photovoltaic panel 104 is vertically arranged below the window 105 and is spaced apart on the outside of the building wall; the first exhaust grille 106 is vertically arranged between the first photovoltaic panel 104 and the window 105; the upper end of the first exhaust grille 106 is fixedly connected to the extended end of the second horizontal partition 102, and the lower end of the first exhaust grille 106 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first photovoltaic panel 104; the first air intake grille 107 is arranged at the lower end of the first photovoltaic panel 104; one end of the third horizontal partition 103 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the upper edge of the window of the next layer of the building wall or the outer side of the bottom end of the building wall, the other end of the third horizontal partition 103 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first air intake grille 107, the upper end of the first air intake grille 107 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first photovoltaic panel 104 connection; both sides of the window 105, both sides of the first exhaust grille 106 and both sides of the first exhaust grille 107 are fixedly connected to two first vertical partitions respectively; the heat dissipation grille 108 is horizontally arranged between the first photovoltaic panel 104 and the window 105, and is located above the first exhaust grille 106; wherein, a grille mounting opening is opened on the second horizontal partition 102, and the heat dissipation grille 108 is horizontally installed in the grille mounting opening; the first exhaust grille 106 is arranged below the second horizontal partition 102; in this embodiment, the first horizontal partition 101, the second horizontal partition 102, the third horizontal partition 103, the first photovoltaic panel 104, the first exhaust grille 106, the first air intake grille 107 and the first vertical partition 109 are all fixedly connected to the building wall through the first fixed keel 110.

[0029] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall includes a through-type wall partition assembly and a through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly; the through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly is arranged at intervals on the outside of the building wall; the through-type wall partition assembly is arranged around the through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly and connected to the building wall; the through-type wall partition assembly includes a fourth horizontal partition 201, a fifth horizontal partition 202 and two second vertical partitions 203; the through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly includes a second photovoltaic panel 204, a second air intake grille 205 and a second exhaust grille 206; the second photovoltaic panel 204 has the same structure as the first photovoltaic panel 104; The second photovoltaic panels 204 are vertically spaced apart on the outside of the through-type wall of the building wall, and the four sides of the second photovoltaic panels 204 are connected to the through-type wall partition assembly; the second air intake grille 205 is vertically arranged at the lower end of the second photovoltaic panel 204, and the second exhaust grille 206 is vertically arranged at the upper end of the second photovoltaic panel 204; the fourth horizontal partition 201 is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the second exhaust grille 206, one side of the fourth horizontal partition 201 is fixedly connected to the outside of the through-type wall of the building wall, and the other side is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second exhaust grille 206; the lower end of the second exhaust grille 206 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second photovoltaic panel 204; the fifth horizontal partition 202 is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the second air intake grille 205, one side of the fifth horizontal partition 202 is fixedly connected to the outside of the through-type wall of the building wall, and the other side is fixedly connected to the lower end of the second air intake grille 205; the upper end of the second air intake grille 205 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the second photovoltaic panel 204.

[0030] Two second vertical partitions 203 are arranged vertically and in parallel, wherein the upper end of one of the second vertical partitions 203 is connected to one end of the fourth horizontal partition 201, and the lower end of one of the second vertical partitions 203 is connected to one end of the fifth horizontal partition 202; the upper end of the other second vertical partition 203 is connected to the other end of the fourth horizontal partition 201, and the lower end of the other second vertical partition 203 is connected to the other end of the fifth horizontal partition 202; wherein the two sides of the second photovoltaic panel 204, the two sides of the second air intake grille 205, and the two sides of the second exhaust grille 206 are respectively connected to the two second vertical partitions 203 Fixed connection: In this embodiment, the fourth horizontal partition 201, the fifth horizontal partition 202, the second vertical partition 203, the second photovoltaic panel 204, the first air intake grille 205 and the second exhaust grille 206 are all fixedly connected to the building wall through the second fixed keel 207; a reinforcing keel 208 is also provided in the middle of the second photovoltaic panel 204, one end of the reinforcing keel 208 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the through-type wall of the building wall, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second photovoltaic panel 204. By providing the reinforcing keel 208, the installation stability of the second photovoltaic panel 204 is improved, and the safety of the system structure is effectively improved.

[0031] In this embodiment, the first air intake grille 107 is arranged at the upper edge of the window of the next layer of the building wall or at the bottom of the building wall near the ground; in the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window and the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall arranged on the same layer, the first air intake grille 107 and the second air intake grille 205 are located on the same horizontal line; the first exhaust grille 106, the first air intake grille 107, the heat dissipation grille 108, the second air intake grille 205 and the second exhaust grille 206 all adopt openable and closable ventilation grilles; wherein the openable and closable ventilation grille includes a grille frame and louver grille blades installed in the grille frame.

[0032] In the first air intake grille 107 and the second air intake grille 205, the maximum opening angle of the louver grille blades is 45°, the opening direction of the louver grille blades is tilted downward, and the upper ends of the louver grille blades are arranged close to one side of the building wall; in the first exhaust grille 106 and the second exhaust grille 206, the maximum opening angle of the louver grille blades is 45°, the opening direction of the louver grille blades is tilted downward, and the upper ends of the louver grille blades are arranged away from one side of the building wall; in the heat dissipation grille 108, the maximum opening angle of the louver grille blades is arranged parallel to the outer side of the building wall; the upper ends of the louver grille blades of the air intake grille are arranged close to one side of the building wall, the upper ends of the louver grille blades of the exhaust grille are arranged away from one side of the building wall, and the maximum opening angle of the louver grille blades in the heat dissipation grille is arranged parallel to the outer side of the building wall, so as to ensure that the air intake grille, the exhaust grille and the heat dissipation grille have a sufficiently large ventilation flow channel when they are in the open state.

[0033] Working principle and usage: The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure described in this embodiment closes the heat dissipation grille 108, opens the first exhaust grille 106, the first air intake grille 107, the second air intake grille 205 and the second exhaust grille 206, and keeps the window 105 open when there is a cold load in the building or the indoor temperature of the building in summer is higher than 26°C; opens the heat dissipation grille 108, closes the first exhaust grille 106 and the first air intake grille 107, the second air intake grille 205 and the second exhaust grille 206, and keeps the window 105 closed when there is a cold load in the building or the indoor temperature of the building in winter is lower than 22°C.

[0034] The details are as follows: For the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window, when there is a cold load in the building or the indoor temperature is higher than 26°C in summer, the heat dissipation grille 108 is closed, and the first exhaust grille 106 and the first air intake grille 107 are opened, and the temperature difference between the first exhaust grille 106 and the first air intake grille 107 is used to accelerate the discharge of the heat generated by the first photovoltaic panel 104; and the short-wave radiation received by the building wall is effectively reduced through the first photovoltaic panel 104; when there is a heat load in the building or the indoor temperature is lower than 22°C in winter, the heat dissipation grille 108 is opened, and the first exhaust grille 106 and the first air intake grille 107 are closed, and the heat generated by the first photovoltaic panel 104 is accelerated by the temperature difference between the first exhaust grille 106 and the first air intake grille 107. The extra heat generated by the power generation of the first photovoltaic panel 104 is used to heat the sill wall and the air at the window of the building through the heat dissipation grille 108; the window 105 can be opened and closed in accordance with the above two operating modes as needed to promote ventilation or insulation of the building; the window should be kept open when there is a cold load in the building or the indoor temperature is higher than 26°C in summer; the window should be kept closed when there is a heat load in the building or the indoor temperature is lower than 22°C in winter, and in other cases, the window opening or closing state can be determined according to the indoor ventilation demand; thereby, the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window can be used to carry out targeted regulation of the cold and heat load conditions of different buildings.

[0035] For the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall, when there is a cold load in the building or the indoor temperature is higher than 26°C in summer, the second air intake grille 205 and the second exhaust grille 206 are opened, and the temperature difference between the second air intake grille 205 and the second exhaust grille 206 is used to accelerate the discharge of the extra heat generated by the second photovoltaic panel 204 for power generation; and the short-wave radiation to the building wall is reduced through the second photovoltaic panel 204; when there is a heat load in the building or the indoor temperature is lower than 22°C in winter, the second air intake grille 205 and the second exhaust grille 206 are closed, and the extra heat generated by the second photovoltaic panel 204 for power generation is used to increase the air temperature between the building wall and the second photovoltaic panel 204; thereby, the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall can perform targeted regulation on the cold and heat load conditions of different buildings.

[0036] The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure described in this embodiment includes a photovoltaic thermal cover unit at a window and a photovoltaic thermal cover unit at a through-type wall; wherein the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window is set up in a range including the window of the building wall and the window sill wall below it; the first horizontal partition 101, the second horizontal partition 102, the third horizontal partition 103, the first photovoltaic panel 104, the first exhaust grille 106, the first air intake grille 107 and the first vertical partition 109 are fixed to the building wall through the first fixed keel 110; by setting a heat dissipation grille at the lower edge of the window of the building wall, the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window is divided into two upper and lower air area spaces; and is enclosed by a window partition assembly; wherein the first air intake grille 107 is set at the upper edge of the window of the next layer of the building wall or at the bottom of the building wall near the ground; the first exhaust grille 1 06 is lower than the lower edge of the window on the floor and below the heat dissipation grille 108; in the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall, the fourth horizontal partition 201, the fifth horizontal partition 202, the second vertical partition 203, the second photovoltaic panel 204, the first air intake grille 205 and the second exhaust grille 206 are fixed to the building wall by the second fixed keel 207; and according to the actual stress condition of the second photovoltaic panel 204, a reinforcing keel 208 is added between the second photovoltaic panel 204 and the building wall; and is enclosed by the through-type wall partition assembly; wherein, in the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window and the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall set on the same floor, the first air intake grille 107 and the second air intake grille 205 are located on the same horizontal line; the second exhaust grille is arranged at the highest point in the vertical direction of the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall.

[0037] In this embodiment, the vertical height of the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window and the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall is determined by the distance between the upper eaves of the highest window on the Nth floor to the upper eaves of the highest window on the N+1th floor of the building wall; the first exhaust grille is arranged close to the first horizontal partition, and the second exhaust grille is arranged close to the fourth horizontal partition; the first horizontal partition, the second horizontal partition, the third horizontal partition, the fourth horizontal partition, the fifth horizontal partition, the first vertical partition and the second vertical partition are all made of refractory materials with low thermal conductivity; wherein the combustion performance of the refractory materials with low thermal conductivity is Class A.

[0038] The openable and closable ventilation grilles are all louver type, wherein when the air intake grille is opened, the louver blades should reach 45° and be higher on the side close to the building wall; when the exhaust grille is opened, the louver blades should reach 45° and be higher on the side away from the building wall; the louver blades of the heat dissipation grille should be directed perpendicular to the building wall to ensure that there is a sufficiently large ventilation flow channel when opened; the first photovoltaic panel and the second photovoltaic panel include a photovoltaic panel assembly, an outer frame and its fixing components, and the photovoltaic panel assembly adopts a thin-film photovoltaic panel assembly.

[0039] In this embodiment, sealing strips are provided at the interconnections of all photovoltaic thermal cover units, as well as between the photovoltaic thermal cover units and the building walls; the glass windows and window frames are made of materials with preset thermal insulation properties according to design requirements; a layer of horizontal partitions or vertical partitions can be provided between adjacent photovoltaic thermal cover units; all connection components used for installation should not be exposed outside the partitions, that is, not exposed to the air; if they must be exposed to the air due to installation conditions, they should be filled with building sealant to seal and isolate the air.

[0040] The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure described in the present invention meets the requirements of building energy conservation and maintains the unity of the design style of the building facade on the basis of providing electric energy; for the through-type wall: vertical openable and closable ventilation grilles are respectively arranged above and below the vertical direction of the photovoltaic module, and the four sides are enclosed by partitions, and they are assembled and installed by connecting components to form an air-type photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall; for the window: vertical openable and closable ventilation grilles are respectively arranged above and below the vertical direction of the photovoltaic module, and a horizontal openable and closable ventilation grille is arranged at the upper grille of the photovoltaic module, and the four sides are enclosed by partitions; the size of the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window is equal to the size of the window sill wall below the window, and is slightly wider than the window; on this basis, a sliding window of the same size as the window is arranged at the upper horizontal partition, and the sliding window is enclosed by the partition again; by arranging the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window and the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall, and connecting them with the building wall through the installation component, a complete air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure is formed.

[0041] The wall system of the present invention aims at the actual situation that there are a large number of windows and through-type walls on the facades of existing residential buildings. In combination with the two building facade characteristics at the windows and the through-type walls, corresponding photovoltaic components and vent settings are proposed respectively, and a unified design structure is adopted to ensure the consistency of the building facade. The system operation mode in different seasons is changed by opening and closing the vents, so as to reduce the energy consumption of residential buildings and optimize the energy structure on the basis of meeting the thermal requirements of the building envelope in the building energy-saving specifications; a photovoltaic thermal cover is arranged on the outside of the building facade, and on the basis of providing clean electric energy, the opening and closing modes of the ventilation grilles are adjusted in winter and summer to achieve rapid discharge and storage of heat generated by the photovoltaic panels, so as to facilitate separate control according to the outdoor thermal environment and indoor heating and cooling needs; by adjusting the opening and closing states of different openable and closable ventilation grilles in the system, the heat generated by the photovoltaic panels can be discharged and collected, so as to optimize the thermal environment of the building envelope; and the system operation mode is adjusted according to the actual cold and heat load conditions of the building under the climate background of different seasons, so as to achieve targeted regulation of the thermal environment of the building facade and reduce the heating and cooling energy consumption of the building.

[0042] In the present invention, by setting a photovoltaic panel with a preset distance from the building wall as the main structure, and setting targeted openable and closable grilles at the through-type wall and the window and window sill walls, an air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure that can meet the needs of various areas of the building facade is realized. By opening and closing the ventilation grilles, the heat generated by the photovoltaic panel backplane can be quickly discharged and effectively closed in summer and winter; in summer, the photovoltaic panel is used to block solar radiation and quickly discharge the heat generated by the photovoltaic backplane to reduce the heating of the building wall; in winter, the closed grilles are used to store the waste heat of the photovoltaic panel to heat the building wall; thereby, while photovoltaic power generation is being carried out, the photovoltaic waste heat is fully utilized to reduce the energy consumption of building heating and cooling.

[0043] The above embodiment is only one of the implementation methods that can realize the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited only to this embodiment, but also includes changes, replacements and other implementation methods that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. An air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure, characterized in that: It comprises a photovoltaic heat shield unit at a window; the photovoltaic heat shield unit at a window is installed at the window position of a building wall; the photovoltaic heat shield unit at a window comprises a window partition assembly and a window photovoltaic heat shield assembly; the window photovoltaic heat shield assembly is arranged at intervals on the outside of the building wall; the window partition assembly is arranged around the window photovoltaic heat shield assembly and connected to the building wall; The window photovoltaic thermal cover assembly comprises a first photovoltaic panel (104), a window (105), a first exhaust grille (106), a first air intake grille (107) and a heat dissipation grille (108); the window (105) is arranged opposite to the window of the building wall; the first photovoltaic panel (104) is arranged below the window (105); the first exhaust grille (106) is arranged vertically between the first photovoltaic panel (104) and the window (105); the first air intake grille (107) is arranged at the lower end of the first photovoltaic panel (104); the heat dissipation grille (108) is arranged horizontally between the first photovoltaic panel (104) and the window (105), and is located above the first exhaust grille (106); The first photovoltaic panel (104) comprises a base layer (1041), a conductive layer (1042), a photovoltaic active layer (1043), an electron transport layer (1044), an encapsulation layer (1045) and an outer layer (1046) which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top; the base layer (1041) is a glass base, the conductive layer (1042) is a transparent conductive oxide, the photovoltaic active layer (1043) is a perovskite material, the electron transport layer (1044) is titanium dioxide, the encapsulation layer (1045) is an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and the outer layer (1046) is a glass layer.

2. The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The window partition assembly comprises a first horizontal partition (101), a second horizontal partition (102), a third horizontal partition (103) and two first vertical partitions (109); The first horizontal partition (101) is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the upper edge of the window of the building wall, the second horizontal partition (102) is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the lower edge of the window of the building wall, and the third horizontal partition (103) is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the upper edge of the window of the next layer of building wall or on the outer side of the bottom end of the building wall; Two first vertical partitions (109) are arranged vertically and in parallel, wherein the upper end of one of the first vertical partitions (109) is connected to one end of the first horizontal partition (101), and the lower end of one of the first vertical partitions (109) is connected to one end of the third horizontal partition (103); the upper end of the other first vertical partition (109) is connected to the other end of the first horizontal partition (101), and the lower end of the other first vertical partition (109) is connected to the other end of the third horizontal partition (103); one end of the second horizontal partition (102) is connected to the middle of one of the first vertical partitions (109), and the other end is connected to the middle of the other first vertical partition (109); The second horizontal partition plate (102) is provided with a grille mounting opening, and the heat dissipation grille (108) is horizontally mounted in the grille mounting opening; the first exhaust grille (106) is arranged below the second horizontal partition plate (102).

3. The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first air intake grille (107) is arranged at the upper edge of a window of a lower layer of the building wall or at a position close to the ground at the bottom end of the building wall.

4. The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure also includes a photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall; The through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover unit is installed at the through-type wall position of the building wall; the through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover unit includes a through-type wall partition assembly and a through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly; the through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly is arranged at intervals on the outside of the building wall; the through-type wall partition assembly is arranged around the through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly and connected to the building wall; The through-type wall photovoltaic thermal cover assembly comprises a second photovoltaic panel (204), a second air intake grille (205) and a second air exhaust grille (206); the second photovoltaic panel (204) is vertically spaced apart on the outside of the through-type wall of a building wall, and the fourth side of the second photovoltaic panel (204) is connected to the through-type wall partition assembly; the second air intake grille (205) is vertically arranged at the lower end of the second photovoltaic panel (204), and the second air exhaust grille (206) is vertically arranged at the upper end of the second photovoltaic panel (204).

5. The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The through-type wall partition assembly comprises a fourth horizontal partition (201), a fifth horizontal partition (202) and two second vertical partitions (203); The fourth horizontal partition (201) is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the second exhaust grille (206), one side of the fourth horizontal partition (201) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the through-type wall surface of the building wall, and the other side is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second exhaust grille (206); the fifth horizontal partition (202) is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the second air intake grille (205), one side of the fifth horizontal partition (202) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the through-type wall surface of the building wall, and the other side is fixedly connected to the lower end of the second air intake grille (205); Two second vertical partitions (203) are arranged vertically in parallel, wherein the upper end of one of the second vertical partitions (203) is connected to one end of the fourth horizontal partition (201), and the lower end of one of the second vertical partitions (203) is connected to one end of the fifth horizontal partition (202); the upper end of the other second vertical partition (203) is connected to the other end of the fourth horizontal partition (201), and the lower end of the other second vertical partition (203) is connected to the other end of the fifth horizontal partition (202).

6. The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window and the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-type wall arranged on the same layer, the first air intake grille (107) and the second air intake grille (205) are located on the same horizontal line.

7. The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The window body (105) is a sliding window; the sliding window comprises a window frame and a glass window body, the window frame is made of thermally-insulated aluminum or plastic steel; the glass window body is made of insulating glass.

8. The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first exhaust grille (106), the first air intake grille (107), the heat dissipation grille (108), the second air intake grille (205) and the second exhaust grille (206) are all openable and closable ventilation grilles; The openable and closable ventilation grille comprises a grille frame and louver grille blades installed in the grille frame; In the first air intake grille (107) and the second air intake grille (205), the maximum opening angle of the louver grille blades is 45°, the opening direction of the louver grille blades is arranged to be inclined downward, and the upper ends of the louver grille blades are arranged close to one side of the building wall; In the first exhaust grille (106) and the second exhaust grille (206), the maximum opening angle of the louver grille blades is 45°, the opening direction of the louver grille blades is arranged to be inclined downward, and the upper ends of the louver grille blades are arranged away from one side of the building wall; In the heat dissipation grille (108), the maximum opening angle of the louver grille blades is arranged parallel to the outer side surface of the building wall.

9. A method for using an air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure as claimed in claim 4, comprising the following steps: When there is a cooling load in the building or the indoor temperature of the building in summer is higher than a first preset temperature, the heat dissipation grille (108) is closed, the first exhaust grille (106) and the first intake grille (107) are opened, and the window (105) is kept open; When there is a cold load in the building or the indoor temperature of the building in winter is lower than a second preset temperature, the heat dissipation grille (108) is opened, the first exhaust grille (106) and the first intake grille (107) are closed, and the window (105) is kept closed.

10. The method for using the air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes: When there is a cooling load in the building or the indoor temperature of the building in summer is higher than a first preset temperature, opening the second air intake grille (205) and the second air exhaust grille (206); When there is a cooling load in the building or the indoor temperature of the building in winter is lower than a second preset temperature, the second air intake grille (205) and the second air exhaust grille (206) are closed.

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