System and method for controlling / regulating electrical device thermally coupled with cooling system to improve derating

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for controlling an electrical device thermally coupled to a cooling system, comprising at least one temperature input for detecting at least one temperature of a coolant flowing in and / or out of the electrical device and / or a temperature of the electrical device, a control signal output for outputting a control signal, a memory unit and a control unit, the memory unit is designed to store and output at least one characteristic variable of the electrical device, and the control unit is connected to the at least one temperature input, the memory unit and the control signal output, determining at least one electrical rated variable of the electrical device from at least one temperature detected at the at least one temperature input and a dynamic model of a signal based on the at least one characteristic variable and the measured / calculated variable taking into account a current operating condition of the electrical device, the at least one electrical target variable is required for setting a desired curve and / or a desired temperature curve of a temperature change rate of the coolant or of the device, and wherein the control unit is designed to output the ascertained at least one electrical target variable at the control signal output in order to actuate the electrical device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a system and a method for controlling / regulating an electrical device thermally coupled to a cooling system. Background Art

[0002] Cooling systems for cooling electrical devices (e.g. fuel cell stacks, drive batteries, motors, inverters and the like) need to ensure that the power loss of the cooled device in the cooling circuit does not lead to overheating of the device. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the device is operated within a set temperature operating range in order to prevent danger or damage to the device or to people using the device. If the cooling power of the cooling system is no longer sufficient to prevent overheating of the device, for example because the cooling system has been operated at its maximum cooling power for a period of time or due to a functional fault, it is necessary to carry out a so-called derating of the (electrical) power of the device in order to reduce the power loss of the device, which occurs as heat in the device.

[0003] Derating concepts corresponding to the prior art consist in setting the maximum permissible electrical power or - depending on the desired implementation - the current or voltage to a certain value when a certain maximum temperature threshold is exceeded. This derating concept is often also used as a stepped derating, in which a plurality of temperature thresholds and the associated maximum permissible electrical powers are specified. It is also known to implement a temperature hysteresis if the temperature fluctuates around a threshold value for the maximum permissible temperature in order to prevent repeated, in particular continuous, increases and decreases in the maximum permissible electrical power.

[0004] However, such a pre-known derating scheme based on a single or multiple temperature thresholds, with or without temperature hysteresis, does not lead to a smooth derating, i.e. a smooth power reduction, because the derating scheme is achieved violently, i.e. the power is reduced suddenly or abruptly, regardless of whether the threshold is exceeded or not. This behavior is usually undesirable. For example, when a motor or the like in a vehicle is subjected to a derating scheme of this type, the driver of the vehicle will experience an abrupt power reduction, which can lead to an overly surprising and therefore extremely undesirable driving situation.

[0005] Since the dynamic behavior of the cooled device is not taken into account in these derating concepts with the aid of a dynamic physical model of the cooled device, strong overshoots of the temperature may occur, which may lead to damage to the cooled device. In addition, the fact that a dynamic physical model of the cooled device is not used can easily lead to an excessive or too weak derating, which may also depend on the operating conditions of the entire system. In particular, derating that is not based on a dynamic physical model of the cooled device requires a series of extensive tests on a test bench in order to find suitable electrical power limits for a predefined temperature threshold, wherein there is also the risk of damaging the device during these tests. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is therefore to specify a cooling system or a system or a method for controlling / regulating a cooling system or a device cooled by the cooling system, in which derating can be improved.

[0007] This object is achieved by a system having the features of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and refinements can be found in the dependent claims and in the following description.

[0008] A system for controlling / regulating an electrical device thermally coupled to a cooling system is proposed, the system comprising at least one temperature input, a control signal output, a memory unit, and a control unit, the temperature input being used to detect at least one temperature of a coolant flowing into and / or flowing out of the electrical device and / or the temperature of the electrical device, the memory unit being configured to store and output at least one characteristic variable of the electrical device, the control unit being connected to the at least one temperature input, the memory unit, and the control signal output, wherein the control unit is configured to determine at least one electrical rated variable of the electrical device from a dynamic model of a signal of at least one temperature detected at the at least one temperature input and a measured / calculated variable based on the at least one characteristic variable and taking into account current operating conditions of the electrical device, the at least one electrical rated variable being required for setting a desired change curve of the rate of change of temperature of the coolant or the device and / or a desired temperature change curve, and wherein the control unit is configured to output the determined at least one electrical rated variable at the control signal output for controlling the electrical device.

[0009] The core of the present invention is to take into account the dynamic characteristics of the device to be cooled during the derating, so that a gentle and possibly early introduction of power reduction can be achieved, and overshoot or excessive derating can be prevented, and the electrical device can always be operated near a reasonable power limit. A dynamic model is used for this purpose, which describes the device to be cooled accurately enough for this purpose and is related to at least one characteristic variable. The system can determine, by means of at least one characteristic variable and a signal of a measured / calculated variable taking into account the current operating conditions of the electrical device, how at least one electrical rated variable limited to a maximum value should be influenced in order to perform a desired, gentle derating. Here, the maximum value is calculated by the dynamic model.

[0010] As mentioned at the beginning, the electrical device can be a fuel cell stack, a drive battery, a motor, an inverter or other device that generates heat and is cooled by a cooling system. In this case, the coolant can be a fluid that flows through a heat exchanger that is thermally coupled to the device, absorbs heat and releases the heat again downstream at a heat sink. The fluid can be implemented in liquid, gaseous or multi-phase form.

[0011] At least one temperature input can be coupled to at least one temperature sensor, which is connected upstream and / or downstream of the heat exchanger and is configured to measure the temperature of the coolant and / or the temperature of the device. Further temperature sensors can also be arranged in the cooling system, for example, at the coolant outlet of the heat sink, which further sensors are connected to the temperature input. By coupling to at least one temperature input, the system can record the at least one measured temperature for further processing. The transmission of the at least one measured temperature can be realized by an analog signal and / or a digital signal.

[0012] The control signal output of the system is configured to output a control signal, which can then be sent to the device to be cooled in order to operate the device to be cooled. The control signal is generated by a control unit.

[0013] The control unit is configured to simulate the corresponding device by means of a dynamic model. Here, the simulation does not need to be run continuously, but calculation steps can also be performed at discrete time points to enable an estimation of the dynamic characteristics of the device at the corresponding time points.

[0014] Since the power loss of the device to be cooled needs to be compensated by the cooling power, the control unit is designed according to the invention to determine an electrical rated variable that directly influences the power loss, through which the desired change curve of the temperature change rate of the coolant or the device and / or the desired temperature change curve can be achieved with the help of corresponding characteristics. Preferably, based on a dynamic physical model of the device to be cooled, it is possible to take into account all available information about the current operating conditions as input signals and calculate the maximum permissible electrical power, which leads to a gentle derating. Here, for example, the desired and / or maximum permissible temperature change rate and / or the desired and / or maximum permissible temperature change curve can be set. In principle, the control unit can realize trajectory planning, that is, the device tracks the desired change curve of the temperature change rate and / or the desired temperature change curve, wherein a flatness-based precontrol and / or tracking regulation (Folgeregelung) is preferably used for this purpose.

[0015] The advantage of the system according to the invention is that a uniform derating of the electrical power of the device to be cooled is achieved. The derating scheme is directly aimed at the relevant system variable, namely the temperature. The dynamic physical model of the device to be cooled and controlled / regulated can take into account all available information about the current operating conditions as input signals. In addition, the dynamic model of the maximum permissible temperature change rate of the device can be calibrated as desired in order to meet the desired requirements in terms of derating. The derating can be based on a planned trajectory for the desired temperature, which can be calibrated in such a way that it meets the desired requirements. In addition, the derating characteristics can be simulated and coordinated in advance.

[0016] It is possible to consider application cases of the system / method, such as the drying of fuel cells, in which the electrical setpoint variable is not limited or not limited to a maximum value, i.e. the emphasis is not on derating but on a minimum value. Here, too, the minimum value to which the electrical setpoint variable is limited can be calculated by means of a dynamic model in which a minimum permissible rate of temperature change and / or a minimum permissible temperature curve is set.

[0017] In an advantageous embodiment, the control unit is designed to reduce the at least one determined electrical rated variable only when the variable calculated from one or more temperature inputs is above a predetermined limit. Thus, the output of the corresponding rated variable is only performed when the limit is exceeded. The predetermined limit can be specified as a fixed value or can be dependent on one or more parameters and / or signals, for example on the ambient temperature. Thus, the electrical device to be cooled can be operated or regulated normally until the limit is reached.

[0018] In an advantageous embodiment, the control unit is designed to adjust the temperature of the coolant to a predetermined maximum temperature by actuating the electrical device. The predetermined maximum temperature corresponds to a temperature at which the device to be cooled generates a power loss that is substantially equal to the maximum cooling power. The device can then be operated at a maximum, statically maintainable power that can still be handled by the cooling system.

[0019] In an advantageous embodiment, the control unit is configured to track and / or calibrate at least one simulated state variable and / or at least one simulated output variable once or multiple times based on the measured output variable of the device to be cooled by gradually adapting at least one functional link (Funktionsglied) of the dynamic model by at least one model error correction term. For example, the model error can be calculated by an estimator. In addition to the parameters of the dynamic model, all signals of the model itself can also be included as inputs in the model. This is possible if the inputs of the real physical system can also be directly measured or calculated based on the measurement, and in addition, the derivatives of one or more outputs can be derived, for example by numerical differentiation, DTI filters or observers. In this way, a model error term E(k) can be defined in one of the equations of the model, which describes the current deviation between the model and the real physical system at the current operating point and calculates the current deviation as the output signal E(k) of the above-mentioned estimator. Then, a filtered version of the model error E(k), for example referred to as E Fild (k)) can be used as an additional input for the transformed model. Thus, reality can be tracked by the model and the derating can be further improved.

[0020] Similarly, the present invention relates to a method for controlling / regulating an electrical device thermally coupled to a cooling system, the method comprising: detecting at least one temperature of a coolant flowing into and / or flowing out of the electrical device and / or the temperature of the electrical device, determining, by a control unit, at least one electrical rated variable of the electrical device from a dynamic model of a signal of the at least one detected temperature and a measured / calculated variable based on at least one characteristic variable and taking into account current operating conditions of the electrical device, the at least one electrical rated variable being required for setting a desired change curve of the rate of temperature change of the coolant or the device and / or a desired temperature change curve, and outputting the determined at least one electrical rated variable at a control signal output end for controlling the electrical device.

[0021] In an advantageous specific embodiment, the at least one ascertained electrical setpoint variable is only reduced if the variable calculated from one or more temperature inputs exceeds a predetermined limit.

[0022] In an advantageous specific embodiment, the method furthermore comprises adjusting the temperature of the coolant to a predetermined maximum temperature by actuating the electrical device.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, the method further comprises tracking and / or calibrating at least one simulated state variable and / or at least one simulated output variable one or more times based on a measured output variable of the device to be cooled by gradually adapting at least one functional link of the dynamic model via at least one model error correction term. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Further measures for improving the invention are shown in more detail below together with the description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings.

[0025] Example

[0026] The accompanying drawings show:

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system with a cooling system and a device to be cooled is shown,

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram showing the thermal model of a fuel cell,

[0029] Figure 3a and Figure 3b Two graphs are shown with the maximum permissible temperature change rate of the stack The detected coolant discharge temperature T of the fuel cell stack CooltOut Different exemplary variation curves are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Figure 1 A simplified schematic diagram of a system 2 is shown, which is provided for controlling / regulating an electrical device 6 which is thermally coupled to a cooling system 4. The device 6 has a coolant inlet 5 and a coolant outlet 7. The cooling system 4 conveys coolant into the coolant inlet 5, where it absorbs heat and leaves the coolant outlet 7 in order to flow from there again into the cooling system 4. For the sake of clarity, the details of the cooling system 4 are not shown.

[0031] The system 2 has a control unit 14, which has at least one temperature input 8, which is connected to at least one temperature sensor 9. The at least one temperature sensor 9 is arranged at the coolant inlet 5 and / or the coolant outlet 7 and is capable of detecting the temperature of the coolant flowing in and / or flowing out of the electrical device 6. Another temperature sensor may also be arranged in the cooling system 4, for example, at the coolant outlet of the heat sink, which is connected to the temperature input 8. However, a temperature sensor may also be arranged on the device, which is connected to the temperature input 8. In addition, the control unit 14 has a control signal output 10 and is connected to a memory unit 12, which is configured to store and output at least one characteristic variable of the electrical device 6.

[0032] The control unit 14 is designed to determine at least one electrical setpoint variable of the electrical device 6 from the temperature detected at the temperature input 8 and a dynamic model of a signal based on at least one characteristic variable and a measured / calculated variable taking into account the current operating conditions of the electrical device, the at least one electrical setpoint variable being required to set a desired curve of the rate of change of temperature of the coolant or of the device 6 and / or a desired temperature curve. Furthermore, the control unit 14 is designed to output the at least one determined electrical setpoint variable at a control signal output 10 for controlling the electrical device 6.

[0033] Two conceivable, slightly different options for this are explained in more detail below using the example of a fuel cell as the electrical device 6. The control unit 14 can be implemented in a fuel cell controller (FCCU).

[0034] Figure 2 The thermal model of the fuel cell stack is shown, which is a first-order model. The thermal model includes a dynamic model of the fuel cell stack itself and a static model of the air and coolant therein. In the model, it is assumed that the temperature T of the coolant leaving the fuel cell stack CooltOut Equal to the temperature T of the stack itself Stck This assumption is fully demonstrated by detailed experiments on a test bench and the regulated power achieved.

[0035] It is conceivable to model the fuel cell stack as an electrical equivalent in the form of a voltage source with an internal resistance. Stck The open circuit voltage U of the fuel cell stack OC There is a deviation, where the voltage drop occurs across the internal resistance of the voltage source. Therefore, the electrical losses can be calculated as the sum of the voltage drop and the fuel cell stack current I Stck The product of the components and as the heat flow in the fuel cell stack Dissipated:

[0036]

[0037] if represents the air mass flow through the fuel cell stack, h AirIn (T AirIn ) or h AirOut (T AirOut ) represents the specific enthalpy of the air at the inlet or outlet of the fuel cell stack, and T AirIn / T AirOut represents the air temperature at the inlet or outlet, then the differential enthalpy between the air at the inlet and outlet is the flow rate for:

[0038]

[0039] With the help of parameters represents the heat flow from the fuel cell stack to the air in the fuel cell stack so that the static power balance for the air in the fuel cell stack is determined as follows:

[0040]

[0041] The following variables are used: as the mass flow of the coolant through the fuel cell stack h as the specific enthalpy of the coolant at the inlet or outlet of the fuel cell stack AirIn (T AirIn ) or h AirOut (T AirOut ) and T for the coolant temperature at the inlet or outlet CooltIn or T CooltOut , the difference enthalpy between the coolant flow at the inlet and outlet for:

[0042]

[0043] By means of a heat flow from the fuel cell stack to the coolant in the fuel cell stack The static power balance for the coolant in a fuel cell stack is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] The dynamic thermal model of a fuel cell stack, whose heat capacity is formed by the material of the fuel cell stack and the coolant in the fuel cell stack, can be defined by a common first-order differential equation. Stck represents the effective thermodynamically active mass of the fuel cell stack, c pStck represents the effective mass specific heat capacity, mCoolt represents the coolant mass in the fuel cell stack, c pCoolt represents the specific heat capacity of the coolant, and The first-order time derivative of the temperature of the fuel cell stack, i.e., the rate of temperature change:

[0046]

[0047] Therefore, for It turns out that:

[0048]

[0049] Then, for I Stck , Equation 1 yields:

[0050]

[0051] By inserting the terms in Equation 7 into Equation 8, I Stck The model parameters (also called characteristic parameters) (i.e. c pStck 、m Stck etc.), mass flow rate (i.e. ), voltage (i.e. U OC , U Stck ), temperature (i.e. T AirIn , T AirOut , T CooltIn , T CooltOut ) and the first-order time derivative of the temperature of the fuel cell stack, i.e., the temperature change rate The function is:

[0052]

[0053] It should be mentioned again here that it is assumed in the following text in the model that the temperature T of the coolant leaving the fuel cell stack is CooltOut , that is, the coolant discharge temperature T CooltOut Equal to the temperature of the stack itself T Stck Here, it also applies that the temperature change rate of the stack Equal to the rate of change of temperature of the coolant leaving the fuel cell stack That is, T can be inserted into Equation 9 Stck =T CooltOut and If the stack temperature T is not detected Stck and / or stack temperature change rate Then the model assumption is favorable.

[0054] Thus, a correlation is established between the current provided by the fuel cell stack as electrical device 6 and the temperature change, which can be used to control or regulate the device 6. For use, two variants are shown.

[0055] Figure 3a and 3b Shows the maximum allowable temperature change rate of the stack The detected coolant discharge temperature T of the fuel cell stack CooltOut In the first derating scheme of the present invention, it is proposed to reduce the maximum permissible temperature change rate of the cooled and conditioned components to is specified as a function f() of at least one measured coolant temperature in the cooling circuit, e.g. or or wait.

[0056] This is explained in more detail below based on an exemplary proposed dynamic physical model of a cooled and regulated fuel cell stack, which is based on Figure 2 In Equation 9, the model parameters (i.e., c pStck 、m Stck etc.), mass flow rate (i.e. ) of the voltage (i.e. U OC , U Stck ) and temperature (i.e. T AirIn , T AirOut , T CooltIn , T CooltOut ) and the first-order time derivative of the temperature of the fuel cell stack (i.e., the rate of temperature change) The function of I Stck During controlled operation of the fuel cell stack (ie the electrical device 6 to be cooled), the mass flow (ie ), voltage (i.e. U OC , U Stck ) and temperature (i.e. T AirIn , T AirOut , T CooltIn , T CooltOut ). These signals are therefore used as input for the dynamic model. Therefore, the only remaining unknown and therefore freely selectable variable on the left side of equation 9 is By specifying the maximum permissible temperature change rate of the cooled and regulated fuel cell stack The maximum allowable rate of temperature change that would result can be calculated from Equation 9 The maximum permissible current I Stck,max .

[0057] In order to ensure that the reduction of current or power (i.e. derating) is achieved evenly, can be defined as having Figure 3a or a curve similar to the curve shown in 3b and Figure 3a Compared to the function shown, Figure 3b The function shown together with equation 9 requires not only that if the coolant temperature T at the outlet of the fuel cell stack CooltOut,max Already greater than T CooltOut,max , then the maximum allowable current I Stck,max It is only necessary to cause the fuel cell stack temperature T to decrease instead of increase further. Stck .

[0058] Can make Figure 3a and 3b The functions in φ can be easily calibrated as desired in order to meet the desired requirements for power reduction by using a characteristic curve or a family of characteristic curves with a clearly defined interpolation characteristic.

[0059] The second derating scheme differs from the previously described scheme as follows: Based on the model parameter T CooltOut Trajectory planning is performed. In the exemplary case of a first-order model as defined, for example, by Equation 9, a trajectory generator is used to predetermine T CooltOut and its first-order time derivative (ie the rate of temperature change). The trajectory generator can be implemented as a filter element, such as a PT1 filter.

[0060] In the following, T CooltOut,d and represents the corresponding parameter calculated by the trajectory generator, that is, T CooltOut =T CooltOut,d and Inserting into equation 9, the maximum allowable current I can be calculated Stck,max If a PT1 filter is used as a trajectory generator in order to determine the desired variable T CooltOut,d and Then the equation for the trajectory generator is:

[0061]

[0062] y(k)=(1-Q1)·u(k)+Q1·y(k-1) (Equation 11)

[0063]

[0064] In Equation 10, based on the sampling time ΔT and the filter time constant T of the PT1 filterPT1 The auxiliary parameter Q1 is defined. This auxiliary parameter Q1 is then inserted into the equation of the time-discrete PT1 filter (Equation 11). The time-continuous equation of the PT1 filter is given in Equation 12. In Equations 11 and 12, the parameter k represents the current time step, the parameter u represents the input of the PT1 filter, the parameter y represents the output of the PT1 filter, and the parameter Represents the first-order time derivative of the output of the PT1 filter.

[0065] In equations 10 to 12, u(k) corresponds to the coolant temperature T at the coolant outlet. CooltOut,Sp The setpoint value y(k) corresponds to the desired coolant temperature T at the coolant outlet. CooltOut,d (k) and Corresponds to the first time derivative of the desired cooling water temperature at the coolant outlet (i.e., the rate of temperature change)

[0066] Now, for example, the maximum permissible current can be calculated by substituting T CooltOut,Sp (k) is set to a (high) temperature threshold value that should not be exceeded. This allows an early introduction of a current reduction (or power reduction) and an overshoot of the temperature of the coolant or the electrical device can be avoided or reduced. Now, for example, the maximum permissible current can also be calculated by setting T to a predetermined limit if, for example, a variable calculated from one or more temperature inputs exceeds a predetermined limit. CooltOut,Sp (k) is set to a low or lower value than before. The schemes just mentioned can also be implemented in a combined or alternating manner. In both cases, equations 10 to 12 are based on T CooltOut,Sp (k) Calculate T CooltOut,d (k) and In this way, the maximum permissible current I is obtained as follows Stck,max :

[0067]

[0068] y(k)=(1-Q1)·u(k)+Q1·y(k-1)

[0069]

[0070] Since the electrical rated variable here is the rated current, the rated current is limited to the maximum permissible current I calculated by equation 13 Stck,max .

[0071] In equation 13, the calculated or measured variable is used for the remaining signal, namely the mass flow and Voltage U OC , U Stck and temperature T AirIn , T AirOut , T CooltIn .

[0072] In the following, two examples are cited for representative system variables or calculated variables which, if exceeded by a predetermined limit, can be used as triggers to set the setpoint value for the temperature, the variable u(k) in equations 10 to 12, to a lower or lower value than before, which then leads to a further reduction in the maximum permissible current I Stck,max And the temperature of the coolant or the stack decreases:

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, a representative temperature can be calculated as a representative system variable or calculated variable, into which the measured temperature is incorporated. For example, the measured coolant inlet temperature T CooltInMeasd The measured coolant outlet temperature T CooltOutMeasd The representative temperature T is determined by linear interpolation between Rep :

[0074] T Rep =T CooltInMeasd ·(1-x interpolation )+T CooltOutMeasd ·x interpolation (Equation 14)

[0075] Where, in equation 14, is selected between 0 and 1 for linear interpolation x interpolation Parameters.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment, the measured coolant outlet temperature T can be expressed as a representative system variable or calculated variable in numerical form starting from a certain point in time. CooltOutMeasd With temperature threshold T TooHot A positive temperature difference between the two (which indicates that the coolant or electrical device has overheated) is integrated as follows:

[0077] S(k+1)=S(k)+max(0,(T CooltOutMeasd (k)-T TooHot (k)))·ΔT (Equation 15)

[0078] The calculated integral variable S(k) is set to 0 in time step k=0, i.e. S(k=0)=0, and ΔT represents the sampling time. In addition, if, for example, the temperature of the coolant or the electrical device is cold enough again, the calculated integral variable S(k) can be reset.

[0079] This second approach, ie the approach with trajectory planning, can also be carried out in combination with or as an alternative to the first approach, ie the approach in which the maximum permissible rate of change of temperature of the stack is is related to at least one detected temperature of the coolant or of the stack.

Claims

1. A system (2) for controlling / regulating an electrical device (6) thermally coupled to a cooling system (4), the system comprising: at least one temperature input (8) for detecting at least one temperature of a coolant flowing into and / or flowing out of the electrical device (6) and / or a temperature of the electrical device (6), Control signal output terminal (10), a memory unit (12) which is designed to store and output at least one characteristic variable of the electrical device (6), a control unit (14) connected to the at least one temperature input terminal (8), the memory unit (12) and the control signal output terminal (10), The control unit (14) is designed to determine at least one electrical rated variable of the electrical device (6) from at least one temperature detected at the at least one temperature input (8) and from a dynamic model, the dynamic model being based on signals of the at least one characteristic variable and a measured / calculated variable, the measured / calculated variable taking into account the current operating conditions of the electrical device (6), the at least one electrical rated variable being required for setting a desired change profile of the rate of temperature change of the coolant or of the device (6) and / or a desired temperature change profile, The control unit (14) is designed to output at least one ascertained electrical setpoint variable at the control signal output (10) for controlling the electrical device (6).

2. The system (2) according to claim 1, in, The control unit (14) is designed to reduce a desired rate of temperature change and / or a desired temperature of the coolant or of the device (6) if a variable calculated from one or more temperature inputs is above a predetermined limit.

3. The system (2) according to claim 1, in, The control unit (14) is designed to set a desired maximum curve of the rate of change of temperature of the coolant or of the device (6) and / or a desired maximum curve of temperature by limiting the electrical setpoint variable to a maximum value.

4. The system (2) according to claim 1, in, The control unit (14) is designed to set a desired minimum curve of the rate of change of temperature of the coolant or of the device (6) and / or a desired minimum curve of temperature by limiting the electrical setpoint variable to a minimum value.

5. System (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The control unit (14) is designed to adjust the temperature of the coolant and / or the device (6) to a predetermined maximum temperature by actuating the electrical device (6).

6. System (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The control unit (14) is designed to track and / or calibrate at least one simulated state variable and / or at least one simulated output variable once or multiple times based on a measured output variable of the device (6) to be cooled by gradually adapting at least one functional link of the dynamic model via at least one model error correction term.

7. A method for controlling / regulating an electrical device (6) thermally coupled to a cooling system (4), the method comprising: detecting at least one temperature of a coolant flowing into and / or flowing out of the electrical device (6) and / or a temperature of the electrical device (6), By means of a control unit (14), at least one electrical rated variable of the electrical device (6) is determined from the at least one detected temperature and from a dynamic model, the dynamic model being based on signals of the at least one characteristic variable and a measured / calculated variable, the measured / calculated variable taking into account the current operating conditions of the electrical device (6), the at least one electrical rated variable being required for setting an expected change profile of the rate of change of temperature of the coolant or of the device (6) and / or an expected temperature change profile, At least one ascertained electrical setpoint variable is output at a control signal output (10) for controlling the electrical device (6).

8. The method according to claim 7, in, The at least one ascertained electrical setpoint variable is only reduced if the variable calculated from one or more temperature inputs exceeds a predetermined limit.

9. The method according to claim 7, in, At least one ascertained electrical setpoint variable is designed for setting a desired maximum rate of change of temperature of the coolant or of the device (6) and / or a desired maximum temperature change by limiting the electrical setpoint variable to a maximum value.

10. The method according to claim 7, in, The at least one ascertained electrical setpoint variable is designed to set a desired minimum rate of change of temperature of the coolant or of the device (6) and / or a desired minimum temperature change by limiting the electrical setpoint variable to a minimum value.

11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, The method further comprises adjusting the temperature of the coolant and / or the device (6) to a predetermined maximum temperature by actuating the electrical device (6).

12. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, The method also includes, by gradually adapting at least one functional link of the dynamic model via at least one model error correction term, tracking and / or calibrating at least one simulated state variable and / or at least one simulated output variable once or multiple times based on the measured output variable of the device (6) to be cooled.

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