Turn-milling composite machine tool capable of measuring cutting temperature in real time

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of turn-milling composite machining, in particular to a turn-milling composite machine tool capable of measuring the cutting temperature in real time. The machine tool comprises a machine tool base, a main shaft, a turning tool driving device, a milling cutter driving device, a turning tool, a milling cutter, a temperature measuring device and a tail center, wherein the main shaft, the turning tool driving device, the milling cutter driving device, the temperature measuring device and the tail center are sequentially arranged on the machine tool base from left to right. The temperature measuring device is integrated on the turning and milling composite machine tool, the temperature sensor is convenient to install, the existing mechanical structure of the turning and milling composite machine tool is not changed, the cutting machining process of the machine tool is not affected, and real-time measurement of the temperature in the turning and milling composite machining process is achieved; the thermocouple temperature sensors are sequentially arranged on the blade through the insulating layer glue, so that the problem of inaccurate thermocouple temperature measurement caused by mutual contact among the thermocouple temperature sensors in the cutting process is effectively solved, and the thermocouple temperature measurement precision is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of turning-milling compound mechanical processing, and in particular to a turning-milling compound machine tool capable of measuring cutting temperature in real time. Background Art

[0002] In the process of turning and milling composite cutting, the energy consumed by cutting is mainly converted into cutting heat. Cutting heat and the cutting temperature generated by it directly affect the wear and life of the tool. The cutting temperature can also change the performance of the workpiece material, affect the processing quality and surface accuracy of the workpiece. Measuring the real-time temperature during the cutting process is important for studying the tool wear mechanism and the surface quality of the workpiece. How to measure the temperature in the process of turning and milling composite cutting in real time without affecting the cutting process is a major problem that troubles researchers. At present, cutting temperature measurement mainly includes contact and non-contact methods. Compared with non-contact temperature measurement, contact temperature measurement has less impact on environmental factors and the surface state of the measured target, and the measurement accuracy is relatively high. However, it may be difficult to embed the temperature sensor into the cutting area. At the same time, the high-frequency vibration of the machine tool during the cutting process will also affect the temperature measurement accuracy of the temperature sensor. To this end, a turning and milling composite machine tool with real-time cutting temperature measurement is proposed, which can transmit and display the processing temperature in real time during the turning / milling process. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a turning-milling compound machine tool for real-time measurement of cutting temperature, which can measure the temperature in the cutting process in real time without modifying the machine tool.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a turning and milling compound machine tool with real-time cutting temperature measurement, comprising a machine tool base, a spindle, a turning tool drive device, a milling cutter drive device, a turning tool, a milling cutter, a temperature measuring device, and a tail center, wherein the spindle, the turning tool drive device, the milling cutter drive device, the temperature measuring device, and the tail center are sequentially arranged on the machine tool base from left to right, the milling cutter drive device is vertically arranged on the machine tool base, the axial direction of the milling cutter drive device is perpendicular to the axial direction of the turning tool drive device, and the axial direction of the spindle coincides with the axial direction of the tail center; the temperature measuring device is arranged on the turning tool drive device;

[0006] The temperature measuring device comprises a temperature measuring blade and a temperature acquisition device provided with a data receiving interface, wherein the temperature measuring blade comprises: a blade, a texture groove, a thermocouple temperature sensor, and an insulating layer glue, wherein the blade is provided with a texture groove, the probe end of the thermocouple temperature sensor is arranged in the texture groove through the insulating layer glue, and the other end of the thermocouple temperature sensor is connected to the temperature acquisition device through the data receiving interface;

[0007] The steps of constructing the temperature field model of the temperature measuring device are as follows: ① Establish a heat transfer analytical model for point heat sources; 101 A point heat source P (x1, y1, z1) emits heat instantaneously in an infinite medium. After a time τ, the temperature rise of any point M (x, y, z) is θ. The Fourier transform is used to solve the solid heat conduction differential equation, and the analytical expression of the temperature field represented by the instantaneous heat generation Q of the point heat source, the specific heat capacity c of the medium, the density ρ of the medium and the thermal diffusion coefficient α of the medium is obtained as follows: 102 A point heat source P(x1,y1,z1) continuously generates heat in an infinite medium. At the observation time t, the temperature rise of any point M(x,y,z) is θ, which can be expressed by the heating intensity q of the point heat source and the thermal conductivity λ of the medium: ② Establish a heat source heat transfer model on the front face of the temperature measuring blade; 201 The contact surface between the chips formed by cutting and the front face of the temperature measuring blade is regarded as the surface heat source area causing the temperature rise of the front face, where the tool tip angle g, tool tip arc r, cutting depth a p =y1+r, tool-chip contact length L=x2; the horizontal coordinate of the point of intersection between the tool tip arc segment and the secondary cutting edge is: 202 The surface heat source is discretized into a static finite-length continuous heating line heat source perpendicular to the chip contact direction along the chip contact direction; at time τ i The horizontal coordinates are x i and x j The point heat source on the line heat source passes through dτ i After a certain amount of heat is emitted, after a period of time τ, the temperature rise dθ of any point (x, y) at the observation time t is caused i and dθ j Respectively expressed as: 203 respectively for y i and j The integration gives the horizontal coordinates of x i and x j The temperature rise caused by the line heat source θ i and θ j : 204 Let time τ i At the point where 0≤x≤x1, the temperature rise caused by the surface heat source is θ1, and the temperature rise caused by the surface heat source x1<x≤x2 is θ2, so dθ1=θ i ,dθ2=θ j; The heat source on the entire surface 205 continues to generate heat until the observation time t, and the temperature rise of the point (x, y) on the front cutting edge of the temperature measuring blade is θ, Then we have: Where q is the heat flux, θ0 is the initial temperature of the point (x, y); ③ Combine the heat source method and particle swarm algorithm to inversely calculate the heat source intensity and solve the temperature field of the cutting edge contact area near the tool tip of the temperature measuring blade.

[0008] The temperature measuring device also includes: a power supply interface, a data transmission interface, a power supply device and a data display device; the temperature measuring blade is arranged on the turning tool, the temperature acquisition device is connected to the temperature measuring blade through the data receiving interface, the power supply device is connected to the temperature acquisition device through the power supply interface, and the data display device is connected to the temperature acquisition device through the data transmission interface.

[0009] A three-jaw chuck is arranged on the spindle, and the spindle clamps the workpiece through the three-jaw chuck; the turning tool driving device comprises a Z-direction feeding mechanism, an X-direction feeding mechanism, a dynamometer, a workbench, and a turning tool holder, and the Z-direction feeding mechanism, the X-direction feeding mechanism, the dynamometer, the workbench, and the turning tool holder are stacked upward in sequence, and a tail center is arranged at the rightmost end of the Z-direction feeding mechanism, and the turning tool is arranged on the turning tool holder; the temperature collection device and the power supply device are both arranged on the workbench; the milling cutter driving device comprises: a Y-direction feeding mechanism, a milling spindle, and a tool handle, and the milling spindle is arranged on the Y-direction feeding mechanism, the tool handle is arranged on the milling spindle, and the milling cutter is arranged on the tool handle.

[0010] The step ③ comprises: 301 The particle swarm algorithm is combined with the heat source method to solve the temperature field of the front cutting edge of the temperature measuring blade. The two-dimensional unsteady-state heat conduction inverse problem is transformed into an optimization problem for solution. The particle velocity and position are updated according to the following formula: Among them, v i,k is the velocity of the i-th particle in the k-th iteration; x i,k is the position of the i-th particle in the k-th iteration; p i,best is the historical optimal position of the ith particle; g best is the historical optimal position of the entire particle population; ω is the inertia weight; α is the constraint factor; c1 is the cognitive factor; c2 is the social factor; r1, r2 are random numbers between [0,1]; 302 The heat source intensity is expressed in power series. The position of the particle represents the parameter in the heat source intensity expression. Each particle position corresponds to a heat source intensity expression, which is used to predict the temperature curve of the temperature measurement point. The criterion for judging the quality of the particle position is the sum of the square errors between the predicted temperature and the measured temperature, which is called the fitness p i ; Where M is the total number of time steps; T m For the mth time step, measure the temperature; is the mth time step, For the i-th particle, predict the temperature; The optimization goal of the particle swarm algorithm is to find a heat flux expression that minimizes the error between the predicted temperature and the measured temperature; the measured temperature is regarded as the predicted temperature, so that the error is zero, and the heat flux is represented by the position of the particles; Among them, x i,k,j+1 is the j+1th dimension of the position of the ith particle at the kth iteration; max To use power series to simulate The highest temperature measured; K j is the order of magnitude of the jth coefficient of the measured temperature using a power series fit; 304 In the first iteration, the j+1th dimension of the position of the i+1th particle is determined by the j+1th dimension of the i-th particle, and the size of each dimension of the 1st particle is a random number between -1 and 1; x i+1,1,j+1 = cos(4cos -1 (x i,1,j+1 )),0<j<j max (eleven); The inertia weight update method adopted by 305 is as follows: Among them, ω start is the velocity of the i-th particle in the k-th iteration; ω end is the position of the i-th particle in the k-th iteration; k is the current iteration number; k max Maximum number of iterations.

[0011] The thermocouple temperature sensor is a K-type thermocouple, and the probe of the thermocouple temperature sensor is arranged within the range of 1mm×1mm of the blade tip. Two or more texture grooves are arranged on the blade.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention integrates a temperature measuring device on the tool of a turning-milling compound machine tool, and the temperature sensor is easy to install, does not change the existing mechanical structure of the turning-milling compound machine tool, does not affect the cutting process of the machine tool, and realizes real-time measurement of the temperature of the turning-milling compound processing; the present invention arranges the thermocouple temperature sensors on the blade in sequence through insulating layer glue, effectively solves the problem of inaccurate thermocouple temperature measurement caused by mutual contact between multiple thermocouple temperature sensors during the cutting process, and effectively improves the temperature measurement accuracy of the thermocouple; the present invention reconstructs the temperature field of the front cutting edge of the temperature measuring blade based on reverse heat conduction, and reconstructs the temperature field of the front cutting edge of the temperature measuring blade according to the real-time temperature data collected by the temperature measuring device, thereby realizing dynamic temperature monitoring of the front cutting edge of the tool during the cutting process, facilitating subsequent research on the tool wear mechanism and the surface quality of the processed workpiece, and further realizing intelligent manufacturing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor. Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a turning-milling compound machine tool for real-time temperature measurement according to the present invention; Figure 2 It is a front view of the structure of the temperature measuring device of a turning-milling compound machine tool for real-time temperature measurement of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the temperature measuring device of a turning-milling compound machine tool for real-time temperature measurement of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a temperature measuring blade for a turning-milling compound machine tool for real-time temperature measurement according to the present invention; Figure 5 It is an enlarged view of the local structure of the temperature measuring blade of a turning-milling compound machine tool for real-time temperature measurement of the present invention; Figure 6 The temperature field coordinates of the front cutting edge of the temperature measuring blade of the turning-milling compound machine tool for real-time temperature measurement of the present invention; Figure 7 The temperature curve obtained by the temperature measuring device system of the milling machine tool for real-time temperature measurement of the present invention; Figure 8 The temperature measuring blade of the turning and milling compound machine tool for real-time temperature measurement of the present invention realizes the front cutting edge 1mm 2 Reconstruct the temperature field. Fig. 9It is a structural schematic diagram of a turning tool driving mechanism of a turning-milling compound machine tool with real-time temperature measurement according to the present invention; Fig.10 A schematic structural diagram of a milling cutter drive mechanism of a milling compound machine tool for real-time temperature measurement according to the present invention;

[0023] In the figure: 1 machine tool base, 2 spindle, 3 turning tool drive device, 301 Z-feed mechanism, 302 X-feed mechanism, 303 dynamometer, 304 workbench, 305 turning tool holder, 4 milling cutter drive device, 401 Y-feed mechanism, 402 milling spindle, 403 tool holder, 5 turning tool, 6 milling cutter, 7 temperature measuring device, 701 temperature measuring blade, 701a blade, 701b texture groove, 701c thermocouple temperature sensor, 701d insulating layer glue, 702 temperature acquisition device, 702a power supply interface, 702b data receiving interface, 702c data transmission interface, 703 power supply device, 704 data display device, 8 tail center, 9 three-jaw chuck, 10 workpiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Reference Figures 1 to 10 The present invention provides a turning and milling compound machine tool for real-time measurement of cutting temperature, comprising a machine tool base 1, a spindle 2, a turning tool driving device 3, a milling cutter driving device 4, a turning tool 5, a milling cutter 6, a temperature measuring device 7, and a tail center 8;

[0025] The machine tool base 1 is provided with a spindle 2, and a three-jaw chuck 9 is provided on the spindle 2. The spindle 2 clamps a workpiece 10 through the three-jaw chuck 9. When the spindle 2 rotates, the three-jaw chuck 9 drives the workpiece 10 to rotate.

[0026] The machine tool base 1 is provided with a turning tool driving device 3, and a turning tool 5 is provided on the turning tool driving device 3, and the turning tool driving device 3 is used to drive the turning tool 5 to move;

[0027] The turning tool driving device 3 is divided into a Z-direction feeding mechanism 301, an X-direction feeding mechanism 302, a dynamometer 303, a workbench 304, and a turning tool holder 305, which are stacked upward in sequence. The Z-direction feeding mechanism 301 is used to drive the turning tool 5 to move left and right in the Z-direction direction, and the X-direction feeding mechanism 302 is used to drive the turning tool 5 to move forward and backward in the X-direction direction. The dynamometer 303 is used to collect real-time cutting force during the cutting process for subsequent in-depth research on cutting parameter optimization issues. The Z-direction feeding mechanism 301 is also provided with a tail center 8, which is located on the right side of the X-direction feeding mechanism 302 and is concentric with the spindle 2. The tail center 8 is used to support the workpiece 10 when the workpiece 10 is too long. The turning tool 5 is arranged on the turning tool holder 305 to fix the turning tool 5. The temperature measuring device 7 is connected to the turning tool 5 through a temperature measuring blade 701. The temperature collecting device 702 and the power supply device 703 are both arranged on the workbench 304, so that the temperature measuring device 7 can move synchronously with the turning tool 5.

[0028] The machine tool base 1 is provided with a milling cutter driving device 4, on which a milling cutter 6 is provided, and the milling cutter driving device 4 is used to drive the milling cutter 6 to move;

[0029] The milling cutter driving device 4 is divided into a Y-direction feeding mechanism 401, a milling spindle 402, and a tool handle 403. The Y-direction feeding mechanism 401 is used to drive the milling cutter to move up and down in the Y-axis direction. The Y-direction feeding mechanism 401 is provided with a milling spindle 402, and a tool handle 403 is provided on the milling spindle 402. The milling cutter 6 is provided on the tool handle 403, and the milling spindle 402 drives the milling cutter 6 to rotate at a high speed through the tool handle 403.

[0030] The temperature measuring device 7 is divided into four parts: a temperature measuring blade 701, a temperature collecting device 702, a power supply device 703, and a data display device 704. The temperature measuring blade 701 is arranged on the turning tool 5 and is used to measure the temperature in the cutting process in real time. The temperature collecting device 702 is divided into three parts: a power interface 702a, a data receiving interface 702b, and a data transmission interface 702c. The temperature collecting device 702 is connected to the temperature measuring blade 701 through the data receiving interface 702b, and is used to collect and transmit the measured real-time temperature. The power supply device 703 is connected to the temperature collecting device 702 through the power interface 702a, and is used to provide the electric energy required by the temperature collecting device 702. The data display device 704 is connected to the temperature collecting device 702 through the data transmission interface 702c, and is used to receive the real-time temperature data transmitted from the temperature collecting device 702, and process the data, display the real-time temperature curve image on the data display device 704, and store the real-time temperature data in the cutting process; the temperature field modeling steps of the temperature measuring device 7 are as follows: ① Establish a heat transfer analytical model for point heat sources; 101 A point heat source P (x1, y1, z1) emits heat instantaneously in an infinite medium. After a time τ, the temperature rise of any point M (x, y, z) is θ. The Fourier transform is used to solve the solid heat conduction differential equation, and the analytical expression of the temperature field represented by the instantaneous heat generation Q of the point heat source, the specific heat capacity c of the medium, the density ρ of the medium and the thermal diffusion coefficient α of the medium is obtained as follows: 102 A point heat source P(x1,y1,z1) continuously generates heat in an infinite medium. At the observation time t, the temperature rise of any point M(x,y,z) is θ, which can be expressed by the heating intensity q of the point heat source and the thermal conductivity λ of the medium: ② Establish a heat source heat transfer model on the front face of the temperature measuring blade 701; 201 Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the contact surface between the chips formed by cutting and the front cutting edge of the temperature measuring blade 701 is regarded as the surface heat source area causing the temperature rise of the front cutting edge, wherein the tool tip angle g, tool tip arc r, cutting depth a p =y1+r, tool-chip contact length L=x2; the horizontal coordinate of the point of intersection between the tool tip arc segment and the secondary cutting edge is: 202 The surface heat source is discretized into a static finite-length continuous heating line heat source perpendicular to the chip contact direction along the chip contact direction; at time τ i The horizontal coordinates are x i and x j The point heat source on the line heat source passes through dτ i After a certain amount of heat is emitted, after a period of time τ, the temperature rise dθ of any point (x, y) at the observation time t is caused i and dθ j Respectively expressed as: 203 respectively for y i and j The integration gives the horizontal coordinates of x i and x j The temperature rise caused by the line heat source θ i and θ j : 204 Let time τ i At the point where 0≤x≤x1, the temperature rise caused by the surface heat source is θ1, and the temperature rise caused by the surface heat source x1<x≤x2 is θ2, so dθ1=θ i ,dθ2=θ j ; The entire surface heat source 205 continues to generate heat until the observation time t, and the temperature rise of the point (x, y) on the front blade surface of the temperature measuring blade 701 is θ, then: Where q is the heat flux, θ0 is the initial temperature of the point (x, y); ③ Combining the heat source method and particle swarm algorithm to inversely calculate the heat source intensity, the temperature field of the cutting edge contact area near the tool tip of the temperature measuring blade 701 is solved; 301 The particle swarm algorithm is combined with the heat source method to solve the temperature field of the front cutting edge of the temperature measuring blade 701. The two-dimensional unsteady-state heat conduction inverse problem is transformed into an optimization problem for solution. The particle velocity and position are updated according to the following formula: Among them, v i,k is the velocity of the i-th particle in the k-th iteration; x i,k is the position of the i-th particle in the k-th iteration; p i,best is the historical optimal position of the ith particle; g best is the historical optimal position of the entire particle population; ω is the inertia weight; α is the constraint factor; c1 is the cognitive factor; c2 is the social factor; r1, r2 are random numbers between [0,1]; 302 The heat source intensity is expressed in power series. The position of the particle represents the parameter in the heat source intensity expression. Each particle position corresponds to a heat source intensity expression, which is used to predict the temperature curve of the temperature measurement point. The criterion for judging the quality of the particle position is the sum of the square errors between the predicted temperature and the measured temperature, which is called the fitness p i ; Where M is the total number of time steps; T m For the mth time step, measure the temperature; is the mth time step, For the i-th particle, predict the temperature; The optimization goal of the particle swarm algorithm is to find a heat flux expression that minimizes the error between the predicted temperature and the measured temperature; the measured temperature is regarded as the predicted temperature, so that the error is zero, and the heat flux is represented by the position of the particles; Among them, x i,k,j+1 is the j+1th dimension of the position of the ith particle at the kth iteration; max To use power series to simulate The highest temperature measured; K jis the order of magnitude of the jth coefficient of the measured temperature using a power series fit; 304 In the first iteration, the j+1th dimension of the position of the i+1th particle is determined by the j+1th dimension of the i-th particle, and the size of each dimension of the 1st particle is a random number between -1 and 1; x i+1,1,j+1 = cos(4cos -1 (x i,1,j+1 )),0<j<j max (eleven); The inertia weight update method adopted by 305 is as follows: Among them, ω start is the velocity of the i-th particle in the k-th iteration; ω end is the position of the i-th particle in the k-th iteration; k is the current iteration number; k max Maximum number of iterations; Use Figure 7 The temperature curve obtained by performing steps ① to ③ is as follows: Figure 8 The temperature measuring blade 701 shown has a rake surface of 1mm 2 Temperature field.

[0031] The temperature measuring blade 701 is divided into a blade 701a, a texture groove 701b, a thermocouple temperature sensor 701c, and an insulating layer glue 701d. The blade 701a is used for cutting a workpiece 10. The blade 701a is provided with a texture groove 701b, and the width of the texture groove 701b is 0.3mm. The probe end of the thermocouple temperature sensor 701c is connected to the texture groove 701b through the insulating layer glue 701d. The model of the thermocouple temperature sensor 701c is a K-type thermocouple. The probe of the thermocouple temperature sensor 701c is arranged within the range of 1mm*1mm of the blade tip of the blade 701a, which is the range of the highest temperature of the blade 701a during the cutting process. The other end of the thermocouple temperature sensor 701c is connected to the temperature acquisition device 702 through a data receiving interface 702b, which is used to transmit the data measured by the thermocouple temperature sensor 701c to the temperature acquisition device 702;

[0032] Two or more texture grooves 701b are arranged in parallel on the blade 701a, and the thermocouple temperature sensors 701c are arranged on the texture grooves 701b in sequence through the insulating layer glue 701d, so as to avoid the problem of inaccurate temperature measurement caused by short circuit between the thermocouple temperature sensors 701c due to simultaneous arrangement of multiple thermocouple temperature sensors 701c, thereby improving the temperature measurement accuracy;

[0033] The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not exhaustive of the feasible implementations of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any obvious changes made thereto without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention should be considered to be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A turning and milling compound machine tool for real-time measurement of cutting temperature, comprising a machine tool base (1), a spindle (2), a turning tool driving device (3), a milling cutter driving device (4), a turning tool (5), a milling cutter (6), a temperature measuring device (7), and a tail center (8), characterized in that: The spindle (2), the turning tool drive device (3), the milling cutter drive device (4), the temperature measuring device (7), and the tail center (8) are arranged on the machine tool base (1) in sequence from left to right; the milling cutter drive device (4) is arranged vertically on the machine tool base (1); the axial direction of the milling cutter drive device (4) and the axial direction of the turning tool drive device (3) are perpendicular to each other; the axial direction of the spindle (2) and the axial direction of the tail center (8) coincide; the temperature measuring device (7) is arranged on the turning tool drive device (3); The temperature measuring device (7) comprises a temperature measuring blade (701) and a temperature collecting device (702) provided with a data receiving interface (702b); the temperature measuring blade (701) comprises: a blade (701a), a texture groove (701b), a thermocouple temperature sensor (701c), and an insulating layer glue (701d); the blade (701a) is provided with a texture groove (701b); a probe end of the thermocouple temperature sensor (701c) is arranged in the texture groove (701b) via the insulating layer glue (701d); and the other end of the thermocouple temperature sensor (701c) is connected to the temperature collecting device (702) via the data receiving interface (702b); The steps of constructing a temperature field model of the temperature measuring device (7) are as follows: ① Establish a heat transfer analytical model for point heat sources; 101 A point heat source P (x1, y1, z1) emits heat instantaneously in an infinite medium. After a time τ, the temperature rise of any point M (x, y, z) is θ. The Fourier transform is used to solve the solid heat conduction differential equation, and the analytical expression of the temperature field represented by the instantaneous heat generation Q of the point heat source, the specific heat capacity c of the medium, the density ρ of the medium and the thermal diffusion coefficient α of the medium is obtained as follows: 102 A point heat source P(x1,y1,z1) continuously generates heat in an infinite medium. At the observation time t, the temperature rise of any point M(x,y,z) is θ, which can be expressed by the heating intensity q of the point heat source and the thermal conductivity λ of the medium: ② Establish a heat source heat transfer model on the front face of the temperature measuring blade (701); 201 The contact surface between the chips formed by cutting and the front cutting edge of the temperature measuring blade (701) is regarded as the surface heat source area causing the temperature rise of the front cutting edge, wherein the tool tip angle g, tool tip arc r, cutting depth a p =y1+r, tool-chip contact length L=x2; the horizontal coordinate of the point of intersection between the tool tip arc segment and the secondary cutting edge is: 202 The surface heat source is discretized into a static finite-length continuous heating line heat source perpendicular to the chip contact direction along the chip contact direction; at time τ i The horizontal coordinates are x i and x j The point heat source on the line heat source passes through dτ i After a certain amount of heat is emitted, after a period of time τ, the temperature rise dθ of any point (x, y) at the observation time t is caused i and dθ j Respectively expressed as: 203 respectively for y i and j The integration gives the horizontal coordinates of x i and x j The temperature rise caused by the line heat source θ i and θ j : 204 Let time τ i At the point where 0≤x≤x1, the temperature rise caused by the surface heat source is θ1, and the temperature rise caused by the surface heat source x1<x≤x2 is θ2, so dθ1=θ i ,dθ2=θ j ; The entire surface heat source 205 continues to generate heat until the observation time t, and the temperature rise of the point (x, y) on the front blade surface of the temperature measuring blade (701) is θ, then: Where q is the heat flux, θ0 is the initial temperature of the point (x, y); ③ The heat source method and particle swarm algorithm are combined to inversely calculate the heat source intensity and solve the temperature field of the cutting edge contact area near the cutting edge of the temperature measuring blade (701).

2. A turning-milling machine tool for real-time measurement of cutting temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature measuring device (7) further comprises: a power supply interface (702a), a data transmission interface (702c), a power supply device (703) and a data display device (704); the temperature measuring blade (701) is arranged on the turning tool (5); the temperature acquisition device (702) is connected to the temperature measuring blade (701) via the data receiving interface (702b); the power supply device (703) is connected to the temperature acquisition device (702) via the power supply interface (702a); and the data display device (704) is connected to the temperature acquisition device (702) via the data transmission interface (702c).

3. The turning-milling machine tool with real-time cutting temperature measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: A three-jaw chuck (9) is arranged on the spindle (2), and the spindle (2) clamps a workpiece (10) through the three-jaw chuck (9); the turning tool drive device (3) comprises a Z-direction feeding mechanism (301), an X-direction feeding mechanism (302), a dynamometer (303), a workbench (304), and a turning tool holder (305); the Z-direction feeding mechanism (301), the X-direction feeding mechanism (302), the dynamometer (303), the workbench (304), and the turning tool holder (305) are stacked upward in sequence, and the Z-direction feeding mechanism (301) is provided with a three-jaw chuck (9). A tail tip (8) is arranged at the rightmost end, and the turning tool (5) is arranged on the turning tool holder (305); the temperature collection device (702) and the power supply device (703) are both arranged on the workbench (304); the milling cutter drive device (4) comprises: a Y-direction feeding mechanism (401), a milling spindle (402), and a tool handle (403); the milling spindle (402) is arranged on the Y-direction feeding mechanism (401), the tool handle (403) is arranged on the milling spindle (402), and the milling cutter (6) is arranged on the tool handle (403).

4. The turning-milling machine tool with real-time cutting temperature measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step ③ comprises: 301 The particle swarm algorithm is combined with the heat source method for solving the temperature field of the front cutting edge of the temperature measuring blade (701), and the two-dimensional non-steady-state heat conduction inverse problem is transformed into an optimization problem for solution. The particle velocity and position are updated according to the following formula: Among them, v i,k is the velocity of the i-th particle in the k-th iteration; x i,k is the position of the i-th particle at the k-th iteration; p i,best is the historical optimal position of the ith particle; g best is the historical optimal position of the entire particle population; ω is the inertia weight; α is the constraint factor; c1 is the cognitive factor; c2 is the social factor; r1, r2 are random numbers between [0,1]; 302 The heat source intensity is expressed in power series. The position of the particle represents the parameter in the heat source intensity expression. Each particle position corresponds to a heat source intensity expression, which is used to predict the temperature curve of the temperature measurement point. The criterion for judging the quality of the particle position is the sum of the square errors between the predicted temperature and the measured temperature, which is called the fitness p i ; Where M is the total number of time steps; T m For the mth time step, measure the temperature; For the mth time step, the ith particle, predict the temperature; The optimization goal of the particle swarm algorithm is to find a heat flux expression that minimizes the error between the predicted temperature and the measured temperature; the measured temperature is regarded as the predicted temperature, so that the error is zero, and the heat flux is represented by the position of the particles; Among them, x i,k,j+1 is the j+1th dimension of the position of the ith particle at the kth iteration; max K is the highest order of temperature measured using power series fitting; j is the order of magnitude of the jth coefficient of the measured temperature fitted by the power series; 304 In the first iteration, the j+1th dimension of the position of the i+1th particle is determined by the j+1th dimension of the i-th particle, while the sizes of each dimension of the 1st particle are random numbers between -1 and 1; x i+1,1,j+1 = cos(4cos -1 (x i,1,j+1 )),0<j<j max (eleven); The inertia weight update method adopted by 305 is as follows: Among them, ω start is the velocity of the i-th particle in the k-th iteration; ω end is the position of the i-th particle in the k-th iteration; k is the current iteration number; k max Maximum number of iterations.

5. The turning-milling machine tool with real-time cutting temperature measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermocouple temperature sensor (701c) is a K-type thermocouple, and the probe of the thermocouple temperature sensor (701c) is arranged within the range of 1 mm×1 mm of the blade tip of the blade (701a).

6. The turning-milling machine tool with real-time cutting temperature measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two or more texture grooves (701b) are arranged on the blade (701a).

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